EP3594554A1 - Dispositif de sous-refroidissement des gaz liquéfiés - Google Patents

Dispositif de sous-refroidissement des gaz liquéfiés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3594554A1
EP3594554A1 EP19180177.8A EP19180177A EP3594554A1 EP 3594554 A1 EP3594554 A1 EP 3594554A1 EP 19180177 A EP19180177 A EP 19180177A EP 3594554 A1 EP3594554 A1 EP 3594554A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquefied gas
refrigerant
container
heat exchangers
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19180177.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3594554B1 (fr
Inventor
Oliver Dietrich
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Messer SE and Co KGaA
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Messer Group GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/013—Single phase liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0395—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a submerged heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F17C2250/0413—Level of content in the vessel with floats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for supercooling liquefied gases, with an insulated container for holding a cooling bath, which is fed from a partial flow of a liquefied gas removed from a storage tank and expanded to a low pressure, with a device for withdrawing a gas phase from the insulated container and with a device arranged within the insulated container and fluidly connected to the storage tank via a feed line for transferring heat from the liquefied gas to be supercooled through the feed line to the cooling bath.
  • Such devices are used, for example, in the cooling of surfaces for the deburring of molded parts made of plastic, rubber, elastomers, etc., for example in the EP 2 143 528 A1 described.
  • the knobs and burrs are embrittled at least superficially by exposure to a refrigerant consisting of a low-boiling liquid gas, such as liquid nitrogen, and then mechanically removed in a treatment chamber.
  • the subject of EP 2 143 528 A1 A device for subcooling the refrigerant is provided in the refrigerant supply line, by means of which the temperature of the refrigerant is brought to a defined temperature below its boiling temperature before the molded parts are treated. This ensures in particular that the refrigerant still reaches the molded parts to be treated in the liquid state, thereby minimizing the consumption of refrigerant and making the heat transfer from the refrigerant to the molded parts more efficient. Furthermore, the subcooling enables the refrigerant to be introduced into the treatment chamber at a precisely defined temperature; the temperature of the refrigerant entered therefore no longer depends on the pressure in the refrigerant storage tank.
  • Subcooling of a liquefied gas used as a refrigerant is also used in the technology of light metal extrusion, such as in DE 198 57 790 A1 described.
  • the subject of this document is an extrusion process in which liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant to remove heat from the die used for forming the profile strand during the pressing process and thus to remove all or part of the forming heat.
  • This method requires a very precise metering of the refrigerant, but this is problematic in the case of a low-boiling liquid gas such as nitrogen or argon insofar as it evaporates to a part that is difficult to calculate when it is fed to the pressing tool.
  • the liquid gas is therefore subcooled with a subcooler to a temperature of, for example, 10K to 15K below its boiling temperature, so that it is ensured that the nitrogen hits the die completely in the liquid state.
  • a device for subcooling which can be used in the aforementioned applications comprises a container with thermally insulated walls, in the interior of which a cooling coil made of stainless steel or copper is arranged as a heat exchanger.
  • a low-boiling liquid gas for example liquid nitrogen
  • a branch line also connected to the storage tank opens into the insulated container at a relief valve.
  • the relief valve is, for example, a float valve in which a mechanism equipped with a floating body is used If the liquid gas level in the container falls below a predetermined level, an inflow opening for supplying liquid nitrogen from the storage tank into the insulated container opens or closes when the level is exceeded.
  • the gas phase in the container is fluidly connected to an exhaust gas line for discharging vaporized liquefied gas, in which a pressure-maintaining valve is mounted, which keeps the pressure in the exhaust gas line upstream of the pressure-maintaining valve and thus at the same time essentially constant in the container.
  • the pressure in the container is always lower than the pressure in the storage tank or in the cooling coil passed through the container. Accordingly, the temperature of the liquefied gas in the container is lower than the temperature of the liquefied gas passed through the cooling coil.
  • the liquefied gas passed through the cooling coil gives off heat to the surrounding liquefied gas in the container and subsequently has a temperature that is significantly lower (depending on the pressure difference, usually between 1 K and 20 K) than the boiling point of the liquefied gas in the Cooling coil is prevailing pressure.
  • gas bubbles present in the liquefied gas are recondensed.
  • a solenoid valve can also be used, by means of which the replenishment of liquid nitrogen in the container is regulated as a function of the fill level of the refrigerant bath in the container measured by suitable sensors.
  • the subcooling should reduce the temperature of the supercooled liquefied gas to such an extent that even after passing through fittings arranged downstream of the subcooler, which lead to a pressure loss in the liquefied gas and thus to a lowering of the boiling point, the temperature is below the respective boiling point remains.
  • the container be equipped with a plurality of feed lines which are immersed at different depths, each having a valve which opens or closes the respective feed line depending on the level of the liquid in the container. In this way, the volume flow of the liquefied gas fed into the container is regulated as a function of the cooling requirement and the occurrence of pressure fluctuations is reduced.
  • the dimensioning of the heat exchanger is based on the required heat transfer performance.
  • the necessary refrigerant throughput, the proportion of gas phase in the liquefied gas used as the refrigerant, the pressure of the refrigerant and the desired cooling flow temperature of the refrigeration application contribute to this. If refrigeration applications are switched on or off, or if gas phase content or gas pressure in the refrigerant to be supercooled varies due to storage conditions that change during the course of the use of the subcooler, for example as a result of an increase in the temperature and / or a decrease in the fill level of the refrigerant in the tank, the heat transfer capacity also varies.
  • the cooling coils are generally designed such that, in particular, operating conditions with high refrigerant throughputs and unfavorable storage conditions can also be covered. They therefore have a - compared to the requirements of an average heat transfer performance - a comparatively large pipe length and / or a large pipe diameter.
  • a very long pipe coil leads to a loss of pressure at high refrigerant throughputs, which in turn leads to an increased proportion of gas phase; film boiling can also occur in the cooling bath on the surface of the heat exchanger, which deteriorates the heat transfer.
  • the diameter of the pipeline is very large and if the flow rate decreases due to a lower cooling requirement, the heat transfer to the pipe coil is reduced due to a laminar flow.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device for supercooling cryogenic liquids which overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • the device for heat transfer is equipped with a plurality of heat exchangers connected in parallel, which are at least partially each equipped with a shut-off fitting for switching the flow through the heat exchanger on and off ,
  • the term "plurality of heat exchangers” should be understood here to mean a number of at least two, preferably three to ten, heat exchangers, each of which can have the same or different heat transfer capacities. At least some of the heat exchangers are equipped with a shut-off valve, by means of which the flow of refrigerant through this heat exchanger can be enabled or blocked.
  • the shut-off valves can be, for example, manually operated valves, but are preferably controllable valves, for example solenoid valves, which can be operated by means of a control unit depending on the respective requirements, for example depending on a measured controlled variable.
  • the device for heat transfer is preferably designed such that the liquefied gas to be supercooled can be subcooled to a temperature of 1K to 25K, preferably 10K to 20K below its boiling point at the pressure prevailing in the device.
  • the invention therefore allows the number of heat exchangers used for heat transfer in the container to be varied by switching individual heat exchangers on or off, and thus the heat transfer capacity to meet the respective requirements be adjusted.
  • the heat transfer capacity is doubled by switching on another heat exchanger compared to that of a single heat exchanger, tripled when two heat exchangers are switched on, etc. Since the refrigerant to be supercooled flows through all connected heat exchangers at the same time due to the parallel arrangement of the heat exchangers, an efficient one Cooling can also be achieved with a strong increase in refrigerant flow with little pressure loss. A new gas phase formation caused by pressure loss within the heat transfer device can thereby be reliably avoided. Conversely, with a reduced required heat transfer capacity, the number of connected heat exchangers can be reduced and the risk of an insufficient flow rate being countered.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that at least some of the heat exchangers are connected to one another in such a way that they can be switched on and off independently of one another. In this way, heat exchangers can be individually combined and switched on.
  • the shut-off valves are at least partially arranged in the region of branch lines which lead away from a common feed line and each establish the flow connection to a heat exchanger. This configuration is particularly advantageous in the case of heat exchangers of different heat transfer capacities, since in this way a total heat transfer capacity which is adapted to the heat transfer capacity required in each case can be set.
  • the heat exchangers are connected to one another in such a way that some of the heat exchangers can only be switched on when at least one further heat exchanger has already been switched on.
  • a group of several heat exchanges can be switched on and off in blocks.
  • at least one shut-off valve is arranged upstream of a plurality of branch lines, which each establish the flow connection to a heat exchanger and can in turn be equipped with a shut-off valve.
  • the shut-off valves are expediently operatively connected to a control, in particular computer-aided control, by means of which the heat exchangers can be switched on and off according to a predetermined program or depending on measured parameters.
  • the control is thus designed such that the number and / or the capacity of the heat exchangers to be connected are determined and the shut-off valves are activated accordingly, depending on the respective requirements, for example in the event of a change in the refrigerant flow detected by means of suitable means.
  • an apparatus for continuously detecting the flow rate of the liquefied gas is provided, for example a Coriolis flow meter.
  • This apparatus is arranged, for example, in a feed line, that is, upstream of the heat exchangers.
  • an apparatus for recording the flow rate downstream of the heat exchangers for example in a common discharge line into which the heat exchangers flow.
  • the data of the apparatus are preferably transmitted to the control mentioned before and used by the latter according to a predetermined program to control the locking fittings.
  • a likewise advantageous embodiment provides a device arranged downstream of the heat exchangers for detecting the temperature of the supercooled refrigerant, the measured values of which can be used in the control device to determine the number and / or capacity of the heat exchangers to be connected.
  • a gas phase separator is assigned to the feed line for the liquefied gas to be cooled.
  • the gas phase separator is, for example, an object as it is in the EP 0 524 432 A1 is described. It is within the Cooling bath in the insulated container, another container (hereinafter referred to as "separator container") with thermally highly conductive walls, into which the outlet pipe which is connected to the storage tank flows out. In the upper part of the separator container there is a gas outlet which is connected to the gas phase in the storage tank and through which liquid gas which has already evaporated on the way from the storage tank is drawn off.
  • the separator container In order to draw off the liquid phase, the separator container has a connection in its lower part from which the supercooled liquid gas is discharged for further use.
  • the connection for withdrawing the liquid phase is followed by the device for heat transfer arranged in the cooling bath, in which the liquid phase removed from the gas phase separator is further subcooled by thermal contact with the cooling bath in the insulated container.
  • the gas phase separator ensures that the liquid gas passed through the outlet pipe is at least largely in the liquid state and contains no or only a few gaseous inclusions.
  • Another advantageous development of the invention provides that means are provided to regulate the inflow of liquefied gas to the cooling bath. This also allows the amount of refrigerant in the cooling bath to be adapted to the respective heat transfer capacity. For example, this can be achieved with a plurality of feeds for the refrigerant which can be connected in parallel and are each opened and closed depending on a fill level in the cooling bath. Such an arrangement is in the EP 2 679 879 A2 , to which express reference is made here.
  • a preferred use of the device is the provision of a supercooled liquefied gas, in particular liquid nitrogen, as refrigerant for cooling a device for extruding light metals, in particular an aluminum extrusion device.
  • a device for cold grinding or in a Arrangement of several devices for cold grinding connected in parallel.
  • a low-boiling liquefied gas such as, for example, nitrogen, oxygen, LNG or a noble gas such as argon or helium, is preferably used as the liquefied gas to be cooled.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a device according to the invention.
  • the device 1 for subcooling comprises a device 2 for heat transfer, which is arranged in a container 3 with thermally insulated walls.
  • the device 2 for heat transfer comprises a plurality of heat exchangers, in the exemplary embodiment three cooling coils 4, 5, 6, which are flow-connected to a heat-insulated storage tank 8 via a pressure-resistant and heat-insulated feed line 7.
  • a cryogenic medium for example nitrogen in the cryogenic liquefied state, is stored in the storage tank 8 up to the level 9.
  • the liquid nitrogen is inside the storage tank 8 at its boiling temperature; in the lower area of the storage tank 8, in the area of a connecting piece 10 for the nitrogen feed line 7, the boiling temperature is in turn determined by the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column standing inside the storage tank 8 up to the level 9.
  • the temperature of the liquid nitrogen at the connector 10 is approximately minus 180 ° C, at 6 bar even minus -177 ° C.
  • the cooling coils 4, 5, 6 are connected in terms of flow with a common, thermally insulated outlet 11, via which the liquid nitrogen is subsequently fed to a further use, for example as a refrigerant, to a device not shown here.
  • the cooling bath 13 Inside the container 3 there is a cooling bath 13 into which the cooling coils 4, 5, 6 are immersed.
  • the cooling bath 13 consists of the same cryogenic medium as the one stored in the storage tank 8, that is to say of liquid nitrogen in the exemplary embodiment.
  • a refrigerant supply line is used to supply refrigerant to the cooling bath 13 14, which branches off from the supply line 7 outside the container 3.
  • the refrigerant supply line 14 is equipped on the outlet side with a float valve 15.
  • the float valve 15 works in such a way that when the fill level 16 of the cooling bath 13 in the container 3 falls below a predetermined level, liquid nitrogen flows into the container 3, which relaxes to the pressure in the container 3.
  • the container 3 there is only a thermal connection between the cooling coils 4, 5, 6 on the one hand and the cooling bath 13 on the other hand, but no flow connection.
  • a float valve 15 instead of a float valve 15, other devices can also be provided which control the supply of liquid nitrogen through the refrigerant supply line 14 as a function of the fill level 16 of the cooling bath 13, for example solenoid valves which are operatively connected to suitable sensors for level detection, for example superconducting sensors.
  • an exhaust pipe 18 is provided for the discharge of gaseous nitrogen.
  • a pressure-maintaining valve 19 is mounted in the exhaust line 18 and keeps the pressure in the exhaust line 18 upstream of the pressure-maintaining valve 19 and thus at the same time in the container 3 at a predetermined value of, for example, 1 bar.
  • the pressure in the container 3 can be chosen freely, but must be lower than the pressure in the storage tank 8 in the area of the connecting piece 10 in order to ensure that the temperature of the cooling bath 13 is lower than the temperature of the liquid nitrogen in the feed line 7.
  • a temperature of the liquid nitrogen in container 3 of approximately minus 196 ° C, at a pressure of 0.3 bar even approximately minus 204 ° C, and thus a lower one Temperature than that of the liquid nitrogen in the storage tank 8 at an assumed pressure of, for example, 5-6 bar.
  • the pressure-maintaining valve 19 can also be dispensed with, with the result that the refrigerant in the container 3 is always at atmospheric pressure. in this case, however, the temperature of the evaporating refrigerant is inside the container 3 the fluctuations caused by changes in atmospheric pressure.
  • the refrigerant bath 13 is present inside the container 3 up to a fill level 16 above the float valve 15.
  • the pressure in the container 3 corresponds to the value set on the pressure holding valve 19 and is, for example, 1 bar (abs.).
  • the pressure of the liquid nitrogen in the refrigerant supply line 14 and in the supply line 7 corresponds approximately to that in the storage tank 8 in the area of the connecting piece 10.
  • the refrigerant passed through the supply line 7 Due to the higher pressure in the supply line 7 compared to the pressure in the container 3, the refrigerant passed through the supply line 7 has a higher temperature than that of the refrigerant in the cooling bath 13. Heat is thus applied to the device 2 from the refrigerant passed through the supply line 7 the cooling bath 13 is dispensed and the refrigerant in the supply line 7 is subcooled.
  • the number of active cooling coils 4, 5, 6 used for heat transfer can be varied in the device 2.
  • the cooling coils 4, 5, 6 are connected in parallel with one another, the cooling coil 4 in the exemplary embodiment always being available as a heat exchanger surface, while the cooling coils 5, 6 can be connected or disconnected by means of valves 22, 23.
  • the refrigerant is passed in equal parts through the cooling coils 4 and 5 (or 4 and 6), whereby a double heat exchanger surface is available compared to the use of only the heat exchanger 4.
  • both cooling coils 5 and 6 are switched on, a triple heat exchanger surface is available accordingly.
  • the valves 22, 23 can be controlled by means of an electronic control 24, which makes it possible to switch the cooling coils 5, 6 on and off according to a predetermined program and / or as a function of measured parameters, for example the temperature or the volume flow of the refrigerant supplied to the consumer.
  • the available heat exchanger surface can be quickly adapted to fluctuating cooling requirements.
  • the risk of film boiling of refrigerant of the cooling bath 13 on the outer surface of the cooling coil 4, which would limit the heat transfer capacity, is thereby significantly reduced.
  • Switching on the cooling coils 5 and / or 6 also enables efficient subcooling even with high required heat transfer capacities, without the need to install a long cooling coil which works with a correspondingly high pressure drop.
  • the invention is not limited to the provision of three identical cooling coils 4, 5, 6, as shown in the exemplary embodiment, only two or more than three heat exchanger surfaces can be provided within the scope of the invention, each of which has the same or different heat transfer capacities and can be activated in blocks or independently of one another.
  • different heat transfer capacities of the cooling coils 4, 5, 6, it is advantageous to also equip the cooling coil 4 with a shut-off valve, in order to allow the refrigerant to flow through the cooling coils 5 and / or 6 in some cases. In this way, the heat transfer capacity can be adapted even better to the heat transfer capacity required in each case.
  • refrigerant evaporates from the cooling bath 13.
  • the inflow of refrigerant into the cooling bath 13 can be regulated (not shown here) via a plurality of feed lines and adapted to the requirements, for example in FIG the EP 2 679 879 A2 described.
  • the gaseous refrigerant formed during the heat exchange in the container 3 is discharged via the exhaust line 18 and possibly used for further use.
  • the refrigerant transported via the outlet 11 has at least approximately the temperature of the cooling bath 13 (for example minus 196 ° C.), and thus a temperature which is significantly below the boiling point of nitrogen in the Supply line 7 prevailing pressure.
  • Liquid nitrogen is used as the refrigerant in the exemplary embodiment, but other cryogenic refrigerants are also conceivable within the scope of the invention, for example LNG, liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen or a liquefied noble gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP19180177.8A 2018-07-11 2019-06-14 Dispositif de sous-refroidissement des gaz liquéfiés Active EP3594554B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018005503.6A DE102018005503A1 (de) 2018-07-11 2018-07-11 Vorrichtung zum Unterkühlen von verflüssigten Gasen

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EP3594554A1 true EP3594554A1 (fr) 2020-01-15
EP3594554B1 EP3594554B1 (fr) 2022-10-26

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DE (1) DE102018005503A1 (fr)
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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11262124B2 (en) * 2020-03-25 2022-03-01 Xi'an Jiaotong University System for preparing deeply subcooled liquid oxygen based on mixing of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen and then vacuum-pumping
WO2022256684A1 (fr) * 2021-06-04 2022-12-08 Wilmer Jeffrey A Procédés et systèmes pour échangeur de chaleur

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021005341B4 (de) 2021-10-27 2023-11-09 Messer Austria Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Flüssigkeiten

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0524432A1 (fr) 1991-07-23 1993-01-27 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un courant de gaz froid sous pression
DE19857790A1 (de) 1998-12-15 2000-07-20 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zur Werkzeugkühlung von Indirekt-Leichtmetall-Strangpressen mit flüssigem Stickstoff
US20060053165A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Nitrocision L.L.C. System and method for delivering cryogenic fluid
EP1818633A2 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-15 Messer Group GmbH Dispositif de refroidissement de milieux gazeux ou liquides
EP2143528A1 (fr) 2008-07-09 2010-01-13 Messer Group GmbH Dispositif et procédé destinés à l'ébavurage de pièces de formage
EP2368638A1 (fr) 2010-03-24 2011-09-28 Messer Group GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés au broyage à froid
EP2679879A2 (fr) 2012-06-27 2014-01-01 Messer Group GmbH Dispositif de surfusion de gaz liquides à bas point d'ébullition

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0524432A1 (fr) 1991-07-23 1993-01-27 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un courant de gaz froid sous pression
DE19857790A1 (de) 1998-12-15 2000-07-20 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zur Werkzeugkühlung von Indirekt-Leichtmetall-Strangpressen mit flüssigem Stickstoff
US20060053165A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Nitrocision L.L.C. System and method for delivering cryogenic fluid
EP1818633A2 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-15 Messer Group GmbH Dispositif de refroidissement de milieux gazeux ou liquides
EP2143528A1 (fr) 2008-07-09 2010-01-13 Messer Group GmbH Dispositif et procédé destinés à l'ébavurage de pièces de formage
EP2368638A1 (fr) 2010-03-24 2011-09-28 Messer Group GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés au broyage à froid
EP2679879A2 (fr) 2012-06-27 2014-01-01 Messer Group GmbH Dispositif de surfusion de gaz liquides à bas point d'ébullition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11262124B2 (en) * 2020-03-25 2022-03-01 Xi'an Jiaotong University System for preparing deeply subcooled liquid oxygen based on mixing of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen and then vacuum-pumping
WO2022256684A1 (fr) * 2021-06-04 2022-12-08 Wilmer Jeffrey A Procédés et systèmes pour échangeur de chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3594554B1 (fr) 2022-10-26
HUE061080T2 (hu) 2023-05-28
PL3594554T3 (pl) 2023-01-16
DE102018005503A1 (de) 2020-01-16

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