EP3588677A1 - Dielektrische resonatorantenne - Google Patents

Dielektrische resonatorantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3588677A1
EP3588677A1 EP18179474.4A EP18179474A EP3588677A1 EP 3588677 A1 EP3588677 A1 EP 3588677A1 EP 18179474 A EP18179474 A EP 18179474A EP 3588677 A1 EP3588677 A1 EP 3588677A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
ground plane
feed
dielectric material
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18179474.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jani HAAPAMÄKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority to EP18179474.4A priority Critical patent/EP3588677A1/de
Publication of EP3588677A1 publication Critical patent/EP3588677A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
    • H01Q9/0492—Dielectric resonator antennas circularly polarised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line

Definitions

  • Example embodiments relate to a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA).
  • DRA dielectric resonator antenna
  • a dynamic resonator antenna is an antenna formed from a dielectric material which acts as a resonator, usually mounted on a metal surface acting as a ground plane.
  • the resonant frequency of the antenna is determined by the dielectric constant of the dielectric material and also its dimensions.
  • Dynamic resonator antennas provide relatively wide bandwidth and are commonly used at microwave and higher frequencies. They tend to have relatively small dimensions, controllable properties and are relatively resilient in terms of structure.
  • an apparatus comprising: a dielectric resonator antenna comprised of: a dielectric material having first and second electrically-conductive and elements on first and second substantially opposed surfaces of the dielectric material; and a feed structure comprising a substrate positioned adjacent the dielectric material, the substrate comprising one or more feed conductors, and a ground plane adjacent the substrate, the ground plane having one or more apertures therein in substantial respective alignment with the one or more feed conductors.
  • the feed structure substrate may be substantially planar and positioned substantially parallel to the first and second surfaces of the dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material and feed structure may be spaced apart.
  • the ground plane may be formed of substantially planar, electrically conductive material.
  • the apparatus may further comprise an electrically conductive material defining a cavity beneath the feed structure, on the opposite side of the substrate to that of the dielectric material.
  • the electrically conductive material of the cavity may be in electrical contact with the ground plane.
  • the ground plane may have a plurality of slot-like apertures therein for different polarizations.
  • the ground plane may comprise first and second slot-like, intersecting apertures.
  • the substrate may carry first and second feed conductors in substantial respective alignment with the first and second apertures of the ground plane, the feed conductors being on opposite sides of the substrate.
  • the substrate may be a printed wire board (PWB) or the like, formed of electrically insulative material.
  • PWB printed wire board
  • the first and second elements on the dielectric material may have different surface areas.
  • the first and second elements may be substantially planar with first and second differently-sized major surfaces.
  • the first and second elements may be disk-like.
  • the first element may have a smaller surface area than the second element, the second element being closer to the feed structure than the first element.
  • Another aspect provides an electronic communications device comprising the apparatus of any preceding definition.
  • a dielectric resonator antenna comprised of: a dielectric material having first and second electrically-conductive and elements on first and second substantially opposed surfaces of the dielectric material; and a feed structure comprising a substrate positioned adjacent the dielectric material, the substrate comprising one or more feed conductors, and a ground plane adjacent the substrate, the ground plane having one or more apertures therein in substantial respective alignment with the one or more feed conductors.
  • the feed structure substrate may be substantially planar and positioned substantially parallel to the first and second surfaces of the dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material and feed structure may be spaced apart.
  • the dielectric material and feed structure may be spaced apart by a plurality of non-conductive legs.
  • the ground plane may be formed of substantially planar, electrically conductive material.
  • the apparatus may further comprise an electrically conductive material defining a cavity beneath the feed structure, on the opposite side of the substrate to that of the dielectric material.
  • the electrically conductive material of the cavity may be in electrical contact with the ground plane.
  • the ground plane may have a plurality of slot-like apertures therein for different polarizations.
  • the ground plane may comprise first and second slot-like, intersecting apertures.
  • the first and second intersecting apertures may be oriented for orthogonal polarisation.
  • the substrate may carry first and second feed conductors in substantial respective alignment with the first and second apertures of the ground plane, the feed conductors being on opposite sides of the substrate.
  • On one side of the substrate may be provided plural first feed conductors arranged generally in an X-shape and on the other side of the substrate may be provided plural second feed conductors arranged generally in an X-shape and generally aligned with the plural first feed conductors.
  • the substrate may be a printed wire board (PWB) or the like, formed of electrically insulative material.
  • the first and second elements on the dielectric material may have different surface areas.
  • the first and second elements may be substantially planar with first and second differently-sized major surfaces.
  • the first and second elements may disk-like.
  • the first element may have a smaller surface area than the second element, the second element being closer to the feed structure than the first element.
  • the dielectric material may comprise an internal air-gap between the first and second elements.
  • a dielectric resonator antenna comprised of: a dielectric material having first and second electrically-conductive and elements on first and second substantially opposed surfaces of the dielectric material; a feed structure comprising a substrate positioned adjacent, and spaced from, the dielectric material, the substrate comprising first and second substantially opposed surface, wherein, on the first surface, the feed structure comprises two pairs of antenna element arms arranged generally in an X-shape and, on the second surface, two pairs of antenna arms arranged generally in an X-shape and aligned with the antenna element arms on the first surface, the aligned antenna arms being electrically interconnected through the substrate; and a ground plane adjacent the substrate, the ground plane having one or more apertures therein in substantial respective alignment with the one or more feed conductors.
  • the ground plane may be part of a back cavity.
  • Example embodiments relate to dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs).
  • DRAs dielectric resonator antennas
  • a dielectric resonator antenna is a radio antenna that typically consists of a block of non-metallic material having a higher dielectric constant than air. Ceramics are commonly used.
  • the block of material may comprise various shapes, and may be mounted on a metallic ground plane.
  • a signal is introduced into the block of material from a feed structure, where the antenna is to be used to transmit signals, and the signals tend to form standing waves within the walls of the block, some of which leave and radiate into space.
  • Such antennas are commonly used at microwave frequencies and higher, making them ideal for wireless and satellite applications.
  • signals are provided to the feed structure by the block of material.
  • the antenna may operate in both transmit and receive modes.
  • Such dielectric resonator antennas as described herein find application in many wireless electronic communication systems, modules and devices for wireless voice and/or data transmission and/or reception, such as, and not limited to, antenna arrays, base stations, broadcasting antennas, fixed network equipment, satellite antennas and equipment, mobile network equipment, wireless electronic communications equipment carried by or installed in vehicles (for example, and not limited to: cars, trucks, boats, ships, aircraft, drones, bicycles, motorcycles, toys), mobile or portable communications equipment and stationary communications equipment.
  • Embodiments herein relate to dielectric resonator antennas in which first and second electrically-conductive elements (hereafter “first and second elements”) are provided on respective parts of the dielectric block.
  • the first and second elements may not contact one another and/or they may be electrically floating, i.e. they are not galvanically connected or coupled to anything else, instead depending upon electromagnetic coupling between themselves and the feed structure.
  • the first and second elements may be formed of metal material.
  • the first and second elements may be on substantially opposite sides of the dielectric block, e.g. such that they are generally parallel.
  • the first and second elements may be substantially plate-like.
  • the first and second elements may have different surface areas, for example one having a major surface which is of a greater area than that of the other (with comparable depths or thicknesses). It is found that the provision of a plurality of elements in this general manner improves at least the bandwidth properties of such an antenna.
  • a dielectric block 20 having first and second substantially opposed major faces 30, 40.
  • the dielectric block 20 is generally cylindrical or puck-shaped.
  • First and second electrically conductive elements 50, 60 (which may be formed of metal or carbon-based material such as graphite, graphene etc.) may be provided on the respective major faces 30, 40.
  • the first and second conductive elements 50, 60 are therefore substantially opposed and parallel to one another.
  • the first and second conductive elements 50, 60 may be disk shaped, although other shapes may be used.
  • a feed structure for energising the dielectric block 20 to create the standing waves is in practise provided adjacent the dielectric block 20, although is not shown in Figure 1 .
  • the signals are received via the conductive elements 50, 60.
  • Figure 2 is a dielectric block 70 according to another embodiment. Similar to the Figure 1 embodiment, the dielectric block is generally cylindrical or puck-shaped but in this case has a ring-shaped recess 80 defining an outer wall 90 and an inner wall 100. A first metallic element 110 is mounted on the inner wall 100. A second electrically conductive element (not shown), similar to the second conductive element 60 illustrated in the first embodiment and Figure 1 , may be positioned on the base of the dielectric block 70. The second conductive element may have the same central axis X-X as that of the first conductive element 110, which is a central axis of the dielectric block 70.
  • a bore may extend through the centre of the dielectric block 70, substantially aligned with the central axis X-X so that there is an air gap between the first conductive element 110 and second conductive element (not shown).
  • the material used for the dielectric block 20 may be any suitable dielectric, which may for example be a ceramic.
  • a feed structure for energising (in the case of a transmitting antenna) the dielectric block 20 to create the standing waves is in practise provided adjacent the dielectric block 20, although is not shown in Figure 2 .
  • the feed structure is for receiving signals in the case of a receiving antenna.
  • non-puck-shaped dielectric bodies may be provided.
  • rectangular, square, triangular and other shaped bodies may be provided.
  • FIG 3A shows the Figure 2 dielectric block 70 when mounted on an example feed structure 200, to provide a dielectric resonator antenna 210 according to example embodiments.
  • the feed structure 200 comprises in this example a slot fed structure with a back cavity, which may also be called a cavity-backed slot antenna.
  • Slot fed structures in general comprise an aperture on a ground plane upon which the dielectric block resonator is placed.
  • the aperture can be fed by a transmission line, such as a microstrip line, a slotline, coplanar strips or a waveguide, such as a coplanar waveguide.
  • FIG 3B is a side view of the Figure 3A antenna 210.
  • the dielectric block 70 is shown suspended or similarly mounted above the feed structure 200, for example by one or more supporting legs. Either way, there is a gap between the dielectric block 70 and the feed structure 200.
  • the feed structure 200 comprises a box or tray-like base 210 defining a cavity 222; note that the cavity is shown in dotted line for reference and is not ordinarily seen from the side.
  • the base 210 may comprise a base wall and four upstanding walls, or other mechanical structures may be used.
  • the base 210 may be formed of metal material.
  • the cavity 222 acts as a waveguide in use.
  • the first and second metallic elements 120, 112 are shown on opposite sides of the dielectric block 70.
  • a feed substrate 220 Provided above the cavity 222, e.g. located on upper walls or in recesses of the base side walls, is a feed substrate 220.
  • the feed substrate 220 covers the cavity 222 and in this example provides the lower surface of the feed structure 200. It is generally formed of areas of an electrically conductive, e.g. metal, material and also areas which are formed of non-conductive material (FR4 for example), for example the feed substrate 220 is a printed wire board (PWB), and the feed substrate 220 is in contact with the base 210, which is also electrically part of the ground plane.
  • PWB printed wire board
  • a spacer 230 Located above the feed substrate 220 is a spacer 230 which may be a frame formed of conductive, e.g. metal, and/or insulative material.
  • the frame or spacer 230 spaces the feed substrate 220 from the next layer above which is a ground plane member 240, e.g. on a printed wire board (PWB) or a piece of metal.
  • the ground plane member 240 may form all or only a part of the overall ground plane for the antenna.
  • a PWB can be any form of printed wiring board, including printed circuit boards, flexi circuits, semi-flexible circuits and other forms of printable substrates and laminates.
  • the feeder substrate 220 may comprise upper and lower, opposed, surfaces.
  • the feeder substrate 220 carries one or more feed elements from a feed point.
  • Figure 3C shows an angular cut-through of the Figure 3A antenna 210, shown for completeness.
  • a plan view of one side of the ground plane member 240 is shown, on which is provided first and second slots 222, 224 formed in a conductive sheet which may provide one side of the cavity 222, the slots being arranged in a general cruciform shape to provide a single "X" aperture.
  • the dimensions (mainly due to the lengths of each slot 222, 224) may be a fraction (e.g. ⁇ /2, ⁇ /4) of the centre frequency of operation within an operational frequency band.
  • the feeder substrate 220 has first and second feed elements 242, 244 formed therein, arranged with a general cruciform shape.
  • the first and second feed elements 242, 244 are effectively divided into four branches or arms 242A, 242B, 244A, 244B which can be adjusted in terms of dimensions and/or orientation to adjust properties of the electromagnetic energy when transferred to the dielectric block 70.
  • the first and second feed elements 242, 244 are respectively connected to respective radios by means of conductors 246, 247. Connection may be by means of a respective feed point 248, as shown in Figure 6 , which may be coaxial.
  • the first and second feed elements 242, 244 formed on the feed substrate 220 are arranged such that their respective branches or arms 242A, 242B and 244A, 244B are provided on both sides or surfaces of the feeder substrate 240.
  • the two-layers of each set of overlaid branches 242A, 242B, 244A, 244B interconnect by means of via connectors 250 as shown.
  • the branches 242A, 242B of the first feed element 242 connect at a first region 249 on one of the sides, in this case the upper side, and the branches 244A, 244B of the second feed element 244 connect at a second region 245 on the other, lower side, without making contact with the first region 249.
  • first and second feed elements 242, 244 are in substantial alignment with those of the first and second slots 222, 224 on the ground plane member 240. That is, the first and second feed elements 242, 244 may overlie most of the first and second slots 222, 224 when mounted as shown in Figures 3A - 3C .
  • intersection point 'x' shown in Figure 5 is aligned with the central axis X-X.
  • the Figures 3A - 3C antenna 210 may have the following dimensions: Diameter of dielectric body 70: 26.5 mm; Depth of dielectric body 70: 6.75 mm; Diameter of first metallic element 110: 8.6 mm; Diameter of second metallic element 112: 14.5 mm; Gap between feed structure 200 & dielectric body: 2.25 mm; Depth of spacer 230: 0.61 mm; Depth of substrate 220: 0.61 mm; & Permittivity of dielectric body: 70
  • a first curve 301 represents the S11 response
  • a second curve 302 represents the S22 response, both versus frequency and measured in dB.
  • these are usually referred to as return loss (dB).
  • dB return loss
  • markers 1 and 2 indicate a broad bandwidth between 4.4 and 4.9 GHz.
  • the 10dB bandwidth i.e. the bandwidth measure at 10dB return loss on either side of the dip in the response is much greater than the desired operational frequency band of 4.4 to 4.9 GHz; it is approximately 4.2 to 5.2 GHz, i.e.1 GHz bandwidth.
  • a third curve 303 represents the S12 response
  • a fourth curve 204 represents the S21 response, both versus frequency and measured in dB.
  • the markers 3 and 4 again cover the desired operation frequency band lower and upper limits respectively.
  • Figures 8A and 8B indicate respective two-dimensional far-field radiation patterns for the Figure 3A - 3C antenna 210 and an antenna using only a single conductive element.
  • the frequency in both cases was 4.9 GHz.
  • the directivity and angles for each is shown.
  • Figures 9A and 9B are Smith charts respectively relating the Figures 3A - 3C antenna 210 and an antenna using only a single conductive element. It will be seen from reference numeral 310 in Figure 9A that there is an additional resonance, related to wider bandwidth.
  • the antenna 210 may be configured to operate in at least one of a plurality of operational resonant bandwidths.
  • the operational frequency bandwidths may include (but are not limited to): amplitude modulation (AM) radio (0.535-1.705 MHz), digital radio management (DRM) (0.15-30 MHz), frequency modulation (FM) radio (76-108 MHz), digital audio broadcasting (DAB) (174.928-239.2 MHz, 1452.96-1490.62 MHz), digital video broadcasting - handheld (DVB-H) (470-702 MHz), Long Term Evolution (LTE) (US) (734 to 746 MHz and 869 to 894 MHz), Long Term Evolution (LTE) (rest of the world) (791 to 821 MHz and 925 to 960 MHz), US - Global system for mobile communications (US-GSM) 850 (824-894 MHz) and 1900 (1850 - 1990 MHz), European global system for mobile communications (EGSM) 900 (880-960 MHz) and 1800 (1710 -

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP18179474.4A 2018-06-25 2018-06-25 Dielektrische resonatorantenne Withdrawn EP3588677A1 (de)

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EP18179474.4A EP3588677A1 (de) 2018-06-25 2018-06-25 Dielektrische resonatorantenne

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EP18179474.4A EP3588677A1 (de) 2018-06-25 2018-06-25 Dielektrische resonatorantenne

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EP3588677A1 true EP3588677A1 (de) 2020-01-01

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2482383A2 (de) * 2011-04-19 2012-08-01 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Mikrostreifenantenne
US20140253400A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2014-09-11 Viasat, Inc. Method and Apparatus for a compact modular phased array element
US9793606B2 (en) * 2015-07-15 2017-10-17 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Dual polarized electronically steerable parasitic antenna radiator (ESPAR)

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140253400A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2014-09-11 Viasat, Inc. Method and Apparatus for a compact modular phased array element
EP2482383A2 (de) * 2011-04-19 2012-08-01 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Mikrostreifenantenne
US9793606B2 (en) * 2015-07-15 2017-10-17 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Dual polarized electronically steerable parasitic antenna radiator (ESPAR)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KIM D G ET AL: "A dual-polarization aperture coupled stacked microstrip patch antenna for wideband application", ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI), 2010 IEEE, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 11 July 2010 (2010-07-11), pages 1 - 4, XP032146106, ISBN: 978-1-4244-4967-5, DOI: 10.1109/APS.2010.5562089 *

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