EP3587954A1 - Warmwassererzeugungsanlage für den sanitärbereich und ihr steuerungsverfahren - Google Patents

Warmwassererzeugungsanlage für den sanitärbereich und ihr steuerungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3587954A1
EP3587954A1 EP19182417.6A EP19182417A EP3587954A1 EP 3587954 A1 EP3587954 A1 EP 3587954A1 EP 19182417 A EP19182417 A EP 19182417A EP 3587954 A1 EP3587954 A1 EP 3587954A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
condenser
heat pump
installation
hot water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19182417.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3587954B1 (de
Inventor
Kevin Ruben DEUTZ
Odile Cauret
François Courtot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL
Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL
Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3587954A1 publication Critical patent/EP3587954A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3587954B1 publication Critical patent/EP3587954B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F24D19/1054—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/004—Outdoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/001—Charging refrigerant to a cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/003—Control issues for charging or collecting refrigerant to or from a cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of thermodynamic water heaters, that is to say water heaters coupled to a heat pump.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a domestic hot water production installation comprising a storage tank and domestic hot water production and a heat pump whose condenser allows a heat exchange with the water contained in said tank in order to heat it.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling this installation.
  • thermodynamic water heaters include a thermal storage tank coupled to a low power heat pump. Such an installation makes it possible to efficiently meet the demand for hot water in the dwellings.
  • the condenser of the heat pump is fixed relative to the tank and makes it possible to supply heat to most of the storage volume of this tank. This technique makes it possible to heat all of the water contained in the storage tank but with a consequent heating time. In the majority of the cases observed, it follows that the entire volume of water contained in the tank is heated independently of the demand for domestic hot water in the accommodation, and without the possibility of partial load of the tank.
  • This conventional system is therefore not very flexible and can cause a drop in comfort for the user, due to a lack of hot water which can be quite long. Indeed, after a significant hot water withdrawal, the tank reaches a low temperature level and it is necessary to wait for the complete heating of the tank to find a high temperature level at the outlet of the tank.
  • the refrigerant circulating in the heat pump is composed of a mixture of two refrigerants with different boiling points.
  • the heat pump includes an accumulator which makes it possible to vary the ratio between the two refrigerants circulating in the circuit of the heat pump. This accumulator is arranged downstream of the evaporator and upstream of the compressor.
  • this device does not make it possible to manage the additional volume of refrigerant to act on the total height of the condensation zone of the refrigerant in said condenser and its displacement over the height.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an installation for producing domestic hot water which makes it possible to respond effectively, continuously and inexpensively to the variation in hot water needs of the users of a thermodynamic water heater.
  • the invention relates to a domestic hot water production installation comprising a storage tank and domestic hot water production, a heat pump which comprises a compressor, a condenser, a pressure reducer and an evaporator mounted in series on a refrigerant circuit, the condenser making it possible to perform a heat exchange with the water contained in said tank, a device for introducing and extracting an additional volume of refrigerant in and out of said refrigerant circuit of the heat pump.
  • the installation comprises a central control unit of said device for introducing and extracting an additional volume of refrigerant, this unit being provided with a control interface, said condenser is a heat exchanger heat disposed around said tank or inside said tank over at least part of the height thereof, said central control unit acting on said device either to introduce an additional volume of refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump and cause the reduction of the total height of the condensing area of the refrigerant in said condenser and its upward movement of said condenser, either to extract a volume of refrigerant from the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump and cause the total height of the condensing region of the refrigerant in said condenser and its dep lacing down said condenser.
  • the invention also relates to a method for controlling the above-mentioned installation.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions for implementing the aforementioned control method when it is executed on the central unit.
  • the installation 1 comprises a storage tank 2 for producing and producing domestic hot water, coupled to a heat pump 3.
  • the balloon 2 extends vertically. It is for example conventionally a cylindrical balloon.
  • the heat pump 3 comprises a refrigerant circuit 30, inside which a refrigerant circulates, preferably a single fluid.
  • a compressor 31 On this circuit 30 are mounted in series: a compressor 31, a heat exchanger 32, (here a condenser) coupled to the tank 2, a pressure reducer 33 and another heat exchanger 34, which here acts as an evaporator.
  • the evaporator 34 is for example an air / refrigerant exchanger, which recovers the heat contained in the air, for example the air outside the building in which the installation 1 is located according to the invention.
  • the condenser 32 is a heat exchanger arranged vertically inside the tank 2 or preferably around it (see figures 1 and 2 ) over at least part of its height.
  • this condenser 32 is a tube 320, wound in a spiral over at least part of the height of the balloon 2. More preferably, this tube 320 extends over at least two thirds of the height of the balloon 2, from the bottom of it. It can also extend over the entire height of the balloon 2, as shown in the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the installation 1 also includes a device 4 for introducing and extracting an additional volume of refrigerant in and out of the refrigerant circuit 30 of the heat pump.
  • this introduction / extraction device 4 is connected to the portion 301 of the circuit 30 which extends between the downstream of the compressor 31 and the upstream of the condenser 32, relative to the direction of circulation of the fluid in the circuit 30.
  • This direction of traffic is symbolized by the arrows on the figures 1 and 2 .
  • This choice of positioning is motivated by the fact that it is at the outlet of the compressor 31 that the pressure is highest in the refrigerant circuit 30 and by the fact that the greater the pressure difference between the point of the circuit 30 from which the refrigerant is extracted and the bottle and the more the filling thereof is quick and efficient.
  • the device 4 comprises a storage bottle 40, connected to the portion 301 of the circuit 30 by a so-called “extraction” pipe 41, which opens in the upper part of the bottle 40.
  • the part lower of this bottle 40 is also also connected to the portion 301 of the circuit 30, by a pipe 42 called “introduction”, equipped with a valve 43, for example a solenoid valve.
  • This valve 43 is controlled by a central control unit 5, such as a unit for regulating the operation of the installation.
  • This central unit 5 is equipped with a computer program 50 comprising instructions for implementing the control of the installation 1.
  • the central unit 5 is also equipped with a control interface 51, by which the user of the installation 1 can act on said unit to give instructions and enter operating instructions.
  • This control interface 51 is for example a forced start button, a keyboard or a screen.
  • portion 301 of the circuit 30 has a reduction in section 300 at the level of which the pipe 42 opens.
  • the bottle 40 To charge the bottle 40 with refrigerant, it is kept at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of the refrigerant circulating in the circuit 30. This has the effect of sucking up part of the refrigerant circulating in the circuit 30 to 1. inside the bottle 40. A fraction of the suctioned refrigerant condenses to obtain refrigerant in the low position of the bottle 40, and the rest of the refrigerant is in the form of a gas in the upper part of the bottle 40. A a certain volume of refrigerant is thus withdrawn from circuit 30.
  • the installation 1 comprises a central unit 7 for measuring the volume of domestic hot water consumed during a given period (for example an hourly or daily duration), prior to a given instant t.
  • This central unit 7 also makes it possible to record the data collected.
  • the measurement unit 7 is positioned inside the tank 2 or at the outlet thereof as shown in the figures, (for example on the hot water drawing pipe or.
  • Such a central unit 7 is advantageously connected to a learning program 52 of the central unit 5, to which it sends information on the consumption of domestic hot water.
  • This program 52 implements an algorithm for forecasting the consumption of hot water, for a future period, from the history of past consumption.
  • the central measurement unit 7 makes it possible to follow the evolution of the quantity of hot water present in the tank 2 and consequently the evolution of the consumption of hot water over time.
  • the forecast of domestic hot water consumption established using the learning program 52, then allows the computer program 50 of the central unit 5 to define a refrigerant charge instruction for the device 4.
  • the installation 1 also comprises a device 6 for measuring the charge (quantity) of refrigerant present in real time in the introduction / extraction device 4, for example in the bottle 40.
  • the device measure 6 is positioned in the bottle (as shown in the figures), or at the inlet or outlet thereof.
  • the device 6 is connected to the computer program 50 of the central unit 5 to send it the information collected.
  • the central unit 5 regulates the level of refrigerant in the device 4, for example by controlling the solenoid valve 43 (see figure 3 ).
  • this control by the central unit 5 can also be done as a function of the forecast of consumption of domestic hot water made by the learning and forecasting program 52.
  • the installation 1 can operate in "normal” mode, in “stimulated” (or “boost ”) mode , or in “learning” mode.
  • the figure 1 represents the normal operating mode of the installation.
  • the refrigerant leaves the compressor 31 at high temperature and in the vapor state and then enters the condenser 32 where it releases the accumulated heat and thus performs a heat exchange with the domestic water contained in the tank 2.
  • the condenser 32 here at the bottom of the figure 1 , the refrigerant cooled, in the liquid state and under high pressure enters the regulator 33 where its pressure decreases.
  • the low pressure and liquid refrigerant then enters the evaporator 34 where it accumulates heat coming from an external source, for example here the air, which has the effect of vaporizing the refrigerant which returns to the compressor 31 .
  • the quantity of refrigerant circulating in the circuit 30 then corresponds to the nominal quantity of fluid necessary for the normal operation of the heat pump 3.
  • the refrigerant enters the upper part of the condenser 32 where it desuperheats until it reaches its saturation temperature.
  • the desuperheating zone 321 the refrigerant gives up a small amount of energy, and the water contained in the tank 2 is little heated
  • This "normal" operating mode corresponds to a situation where the domestic hot water needs are significant but not urgent.
  • the quantity of refrigerant in circulation is nominal, condensation then takes place on most of the exchange surface with the tank 2.
  • the installation 1 can then switch to operation according to the "boost" or "stimulated” mode. This situation is represented on the figure 2 .
  • This transition to stimulated mode can for example be activated by the user of the installation who acts on the control interface 51 of the central unit 5.
  • the central unit 5 controls the device 4 and in particular the valve 43 so as to release an additional quantity of refrigerant contained in the bottle 40 to add it to the volume of fluid circulating in the circuit 30.
  • the pressure in the condenser 32 also increases relative to its level in "normal" mode.
  • the user enters the corresponding setpoint via the interface 51, which has the effect that the central unit 5 acts on the device 4 and on the valve 43 to close the latter.
  • the temperature difference between the bottle 40 and the temperature of the refrigerant circulating in the circuit 30 will have the effect of filling the bottle 40 again. This thus extracts the additional volume of refrigerant previously introduced into the circuit 30.
  • the pressure in the condenser 32 decreases, the extent of the sub-cooling zone 323 also decreases and the condensation zone 322 is again distributed over a greater part of the height of the condenser 32. We then find our in the normal operating situation represented on the figure 1 .
  • the program 52 makes it possible to establish forecasts of domestic hot water consumption over different periods (for example at different times of the day).
  • the learning program 52 sends data and instructions to the computer program 50.
  • the central unit 5 can then be controlled to act directly on the device 4 and allow the introduction of an additional volume of refrigerant in the circuit 30 of refrigerant or on the contrary its extraction and thus anticipate the production of domestic hot water according to the times of the day.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
EP19182417.6A 2018-06-28 2019-06-25 Warmwassererzeugungsanlage für den sanitärbereich und ihr steuerungsverfahren Active EP3587954B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1855892A FR3083297B1 (fr) 2018-06-28 2018-06-28 Installation de production d'eau chaude sanitaire et procede de pilotage de celle-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3587954A1 true EP3587954A1 (de) 2020-01-01
EP3587954B1 EP3587954B1 (de) 2020-10-21

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EP19182417.6A Active EP3587954B1 (de) 2018-06-28 2019-06-25 Warmwassererzeugungsanlage für den sanitärbereich und ihr steuerungsverfahren

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3587954B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3083297B1 (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0134015A2 (de) 1983-08-10 1985-03-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Einrichtung zum Kühlen und Heizen eines Raumes und zur Warmwasserversorgung
US5140827A (en) * 1991-05-14 1992-08-25 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Automatic refrigerant charge variation means
US20090013702A1 (en) 2005-06-03 2009-01-15 Springer Carrier Ltda Refrigerant charge control in a heat pump system with water heater
US20100193156A1 (en) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Panasonic Corporation Liquid circulation heating system and method of controlling the same
US20150059367A1 (en) * 2013-09-04 2015-03-05 University Of Dayton Active charge control methods for vapor cycle refrigeration or heat pump systems
US20170067676A1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-03-09 Ut-Battelle, Llc Refrigerant charge management in an integrated heat pump

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0134015A2 (de) 1983-08-10 1985-03-13 Hitachi, Ltd. Einrichtung zum Kühlen und Heizen eines Raumes und zur Warmwasserversorgung
US5140827A (en) * 1991-05-14 1992-08-25 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Automatic refrigerant charge variation means
US20090013702A1 (en) 2005-06-03 2009-01-15 Springer Carrier Ltda Refrigerant charge control in a heat pump system with water heater
US20100193156A1 (en) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Panasonic Corporation Liquid circulation heating system and method of controlling the same
US20150059367A1 (en) * 2013-09-04 2015-03-05 University Of Dayton Active charge control methods for vapor cycle refrigeration or heat pump systems
US20170067676A1 (en) * 2015-09-03 2017-03-09 Ut-Battelle, Llc Refrigerant charge management in an integrated heat pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3083297B1 (fr) 2020-09-18
EP3587954B1 (de) 2020-10-21
FR3083297A1 (fr) 2020-01-03

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