EP3586401A1 - Volumetrische schlitzleitungsantenne - Google Patents
Volumetrische schlitzleitungsantenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP3586401A1 EP3586401A1 EP18756699.7A EP18756699A EP3586401A1 EP 3586401 A1 EP3586401 A1 EP 3586401A1 EP 18756699 A EP18756699 A EP 18756699A EP 3586401 A1 EP3586401 A1 EP 3586401A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- patches
- pair
- antenna
- feedpoints
- feedpoint
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008821 health effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
- H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
- H01Q3/247—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching by switching different parts of a primary active element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
Definitions
- This application relates to wireless communication and in particular to a volumetric antenna element with a controllable beam direction.
- a directional antenna, or beam antenna radiates or receives greater power in one or more specified directions. Directional antennas thus allow for increased performance and reduced interference from unwanted sources.
- One way to implement a directional antenna is with a phased array.
- a phased array includes a number of geometrically arranged radiating elements with a deliberate phase relationship. Phase shifts applied to the different elements are varied in order to steer the beam's directional pattern without the use of moving parts. So-called smart antennas are another application of phased arrays, where a digital signal processor may compute phase shifts on the fly.
- FCC Communications Commission
- SAR Specific Absorption Rate
- IoT Internet of Things
- Certain types of directional antennas as described in the above-referenced copending patent application Serial Number 15/362,988 entitled "Super Directive Array of Volumetric Antenna Elements for Wireless Device Applications” are generally configured as a pair of crossed dipoles formed from four patch elements. Such antenna elements may be folded over, and are thus particularly well suited for mounting along the edges of wireless devices such as cell phones, tablets, and laptop computers.
- the volumetric antenna element described herein may be configured to provide directive radiation along one or more axes and over multiple polarizations.
- the volumetric elements may each circumscribe a three- dimensional space.
- the volumetric elements include planar, rectangular radiators that consist of patches of conductive material. Two conductive material patches may be placed along a first (or "top") plane. Other patches are placed in two adjacent perpendicular (or “side”) planes located on either side of the first plane, spaced apart from the top patches by a gap or slot. The patches thus generally form a "u" shape in cross section that circumscribes a volume. An inductor is placed across one end of the top patches and a stub across the opposite end.
- four conductive patches may be placed in the top plane, each of the patches separated from the others by a slot.
- multiple such volumetric antenna elements may be arranged connected as a driven element or a parasitic element.
- three volumetric elements are disposed on each side of the housing, the center element is a driven element, and parasitic elements are placed on either side of the center driven element.
- the parasitic elements may be controllable to be reflective or directive, such as by tuning their respective resonant frequencies lower or higher than the center driven element. Selectively driving the parasitic elements may also provide Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MEVIO) operation.
- MUVIO Multiple Input/Multiple Output
- the elements may each be a pair of crossed dipoles, or even two or more pairs of crossed dipoles.
- the crossed dipoles may be coupled to combining circuit that can selectively provide different polarizations. Circular, horizontal, and/or vertical polarizations may be provided by selectable feed networks.
- the volumetric antenna element is disposed within a wireless device.
- the wireless device may include a rectangular housing with a front face, a back face, and four sides or edges.
- the device may be of the familiar "bar" form factor such as an AppleTM iPhoneTM or AndroidTM smartphone.
- the volumetric elements circumscribe a volume that not only encompasses a space along the edge of the housing, but also encompasses a space that reaches into the body of the device.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a basic slot line element
- Fig. 2 shows how different feed configurations can be selected to generate fields along different axes
- Fig. 3 is a three-element end-fire array
- Fig. 4 is an isometric view of a model of the three element array
- Fig. 5 is a more detailed view of the model
- Figs. 6A and 6B are azimuth and elevation patterns
- Fig. 7 illustrates expected SAR performance
- Figs. 8A and 8B illustrate selectable polarization with a pair of feedpoints. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN ILLUSTRATIVE
- a slot line antenna element 100 is shown on the upper right of Fig. 1 A.
- a pair of conductive material patches 110-1, 110-2 disposed in aq fist plane are spaced apart by a slot.
- Each patch is folded over in an L-shape, such that a other conductive sections 120-1, 120-2 are located in another, preferably perpendicular or orthogonal plane.
- the patches 110-1, 120-1 mirror patches 110-2, 120-2.
- the patches may be r, typically to conform to the edge of a device housing, as shown in the middle of the figure.
- a first feed point A is provided at one end of one patch 110-1, and a second feed point B is provided on the other patch 110-2.
- Length L is typically 0.2
- the volumetric slot line element 100 may include a hairpin stub 130 on the end opposite the A,B feedpoints, which extends the effective length to 1 ⁇ 4 wavelengths.
- An inductor 140 placed across the feedpoints helps resonate the element 100 and to match the impedance, such as to 50 ohms.
- the slot line element 100 is capable of operating as a dipole to exhibit directivity along the x, y, or z axis, depending upon the location of the feedpoints.
- feedpoints A and B located on the top patches 110-1, 110-2 as shown in Fig. 1 A, an "end fire" beam is directed along the z axis (that is, the E-field is along the z axis) as shown in Fig. IB.
- Fig. 2 shows how radiating beams may be generated along the x, y, or z axes with a slightly different configuration for the volumetric antenna element 200.
- Side patches 220- 1, 220-2 are placed along the orthogonal side planes as in the Fig. 1 A configuration. This configuration implements slots (identified by the heavy dark lines) between the six conductive patches.
- Additional pairs of feedpoints C,D are provided on patches 210-2 and 230-2 and E,F on patches 210-2, 230-2 as shown.
- PIN diodes or similar shorting control circuits are coupled across the slots to select feedpoints A,B C,D or E,F as the active feedpoints.
- selection of feedpoints A,B generates an E-field field along the z-axis
- selection of feedpoints C,D generates a field along the x- axis
- selection of feedpoints E,F generates a field along the y-axis.
- the slot line volumetric element 100 or 200 is uniquely suited be arranged into arrays to create traveling wave structures.
- Each element is a radiating slot line, which permits every element to act as a feed line for the next element in the sequence. This property eliminates the need for a separate transmission line usually associated with traveling wave antennas.
- Fig. 3 is a top view showing only the patches 310-1, 310-2, 410-1, 410-2, 510-1, 510-2 disposed in the top plane; corresponding side patches for each element are not shown.
- a pair of crossover connections 320 are provided between adjacent ends of patches 310-1, 410-2 as well as between patches 310- 2,410-1.
- a corresponding pair of crossover connections 330 are provided between adj acent ends of patches 310-1, 510-2 and patches 310-2, 510-1. The result excites currents on the patch elements with relative delay depending upon their relative distance from the feedpoints along the length dimension of the array.
- the direction of the main beam 350 is controlled by the location of the feedpoints A,B.
- a end fire beam in the opposite direction (towards the right in Fig. 3 as indicated by the dotted arrow 360) can be generated by instead using feedpoints A, B' located on the opposite ends of patches 310-1, 310-2.
- Horizontal, vertical and other polarization modes can also be provided with feed networks coupled to the A,B, C,D or E,F feedpoints. See the combining networks in issued U.S. Patents 9,118, 116 and 9,013,360. Another approach to providing polarization modes is described in detail below.
- delay elements meanderlines or other structures at the crossover/feed points to further assist with resonant tuning at lower frequency ranges.
- FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the model, with Fig. 5 a close up view of the feed end showing the feedpoint 510, inductor 520 (here set to 2nH) and hairpin connection 530.
- the patches 540 and hairpins 530 were modeled as copper conductive material; the patches were placed over a dielectric substrate formed of RO3003 of lOmil thickness. (Crossover points were modelled but are not shown in these figures).
- Figs. 6A and 6B The resulting elevation and azimuth pattern plots for operation at 2.45 GHz are shown in Figs. 6A and 6B respectively. Directivity and gain plots are shown; peak gains of 5 dBi are predicted by the simulation.
- Fig. 7 is a plot of the expected SAR emissions predicted by the mode (in watts/kg); emissions were determined at a distance of 2mm from a person's head.
- the line array may also provide different polarizations such as circular (either right- hand or left-hand), vertical, horizontal, or a combination of some or all of such polarizations.
- Figs. 8A and 8B illustrate how different combining networks may be implemented to provide these different polarization modes.
- the two crossed dipole patches 602-A, 602-B, and 602-C, 602-D shown here correspond to the patches 310-1, 410-2 and 410-1, 310-2 that were shown in Fig. 3.
- Switches 802- A and 802-B provide the ability to selectively control a first dipole (formed by patches 602-A, 602-B). These switches connect the feed points to different locations on the adjacent patches.
- switch 802-A permits connecting the feed for patch 604-A to one of three different positions on adjacent patch 602-C including positions 808-2, 809-2 and 810-2, and a fourth position 808-1 on patch 602-D.
- switch 802-B selectively connects the feed point on patch 602-B to one of three positions 808-1, 809-1 and 810-1 on patch 602-D or to point 808-2 on patch 602-C.
- Points 809-1 and 809-2 are connected to their respective patch through a 90° phase shifter.
- Points 810-1 and 810-2 are connected to the respective patch though a -90° phase shifter.
- the table of Fig. 8B shows four different selectable positions for each switch 802- A, 802-B and the resulting polarizations, in the E-plane and H-plane. For example, placing switch 802-A in position 2 (connecting it to point 808-2) and switch 802-B connected to position 1 (connecting to point 808-1) provides horizontal polarization in the E-plane and vertical polarization in the H-plane. With switch 802-A in position 808- 1 and switch 802-B in position 808-2, the opposite horizontal and vertical polarizations are provided. Switch positions selected for the 90° phase shifters or -90° phase shifters provide, respectively, right-hand circular polarization or left-hand circular polarization.
- Figs. 8A and 8B thus illustrate how the conductive patches may provide different polarizations.
- the adjacent parasitic elements (those not connected to feedpoints A,B) are similarly controlled by digital controller 850 (with the understanding the feed points A and B are not connected to driving circuitry).
- Analogous operation may also be provided for the other C, D and E, F active feed configurations to provide polarization for operating in the other two axes.
- Controller 850 may include digital logic circuits, a gate array, a programmable microprocessor, a digital signal processor, or other circuits that control the state of the switches 802.
- the selection of vertical, horizontal, or circular polarization state may depend upon a detected operating environment.
- the controller 850 may try various possible polarizations in an initial mode. The polarization mode with the highest receive power is then selected by the controller 850 for subsequent operation.
- the circular polarization may be selected when other sensors indicate that device is in motion. Such an input may come from an accelerometer, GPS or other sensor that provides inputs to the controller 850.
- a scan of different directions may be used to indicate that the device is in a multipath environment.
- the device can be operated as if it is in an urban environment. In that case, the vertical polarization mode may be enabled by the controller. However, if multipath is not detected, then horizontal polarization may be enabled.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201762463086P | 2017-02-24 | 2017-02-24 | |
PCT/US2018/019323 WO2018156829A1 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2018-02-23 | Slot line volumetric antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3586401A1 true EP3586401A1 (de) | 2020-01-01 |
EP3586401A4 EP3586401A4 (de) | 2020-12-09 |
Family
ID=63252999
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18756699.7A Withdrawn EP3586401A4 (de) | 2017-02-24 | 2018-02-23 | Volumetrische schlitzleitungsantenne |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3586401A4 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110741509A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018156829A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3891842A1 (de) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-10-13 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Doppelt polarisierte antennengruppe |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6057802A (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2000-05-02 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Trimmed foursquare antenna radiating element |
US6456242B1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2002-09-24 | Magis Networks, Inc. | Conformal box antenna |
US6765537B1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2004-07-20 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Dual uncoupled mode box antenna |
GB0209818D0 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2002-06-05 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Antenna arrangement |
KR100548244B1 (ko) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-02-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 저가형 능동 스마트 안테나 시스템 및 그 제조 방법 |
US6999037B2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2006-02-14 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Meander-lineless wide bandwidth L-shaped slot line antenna |
JP2005316742A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-10 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Icタグ |
CN201117814Y (zh) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-09-17 | 上海坤锐电子科技有限公司 | 一种标签天线 |
US7623075B2 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2009-11-24 | Bae Systems Information And Electronics Systems Integration Inc. | Ultra compact UHF satcom antenna |
US8412290B2 (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2013-04-02 | Atif SHAMIM | Miniaturized, low power, wireless transmitter and receiver with on-chip antenna, and wireless coupling of on-chip and off-chip antenna |
KR101702276B1 (ko) * | 2011-09-08 | 2017-02-02 | 인텔 코포레이션 | 중첩형과 스태거형 안테나 어레이 |
CN103296394B (zh) * | 2012-03-01 | 2017-12-01 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | 天线装置 |
US8760352B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-06-24 | Htc Corporation | Mobile device and antenna array thereof |
US9118116B2 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-08-25 | AMI Research & Development, LLC | Compact cylindrically symmetric UHF SATCOM antenna |
US20170194709A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-06 | Aac Acoustic Technologies (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. | Multi-Structure Metal Antenna |
-
2018
- 2018-02-23 WO PCT/US2018/019323 patent/WO2018156829A1/en unknown
- 2018-02-23 EP EP18756699.7A patent/EP3586401A4/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-02-23 CN CN201880027115.6A patent/CN110741509A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110741509A (zh) | 2020-01-31 |
EP3586401A4 (de) | 2020-12-09 |
WO2018156829A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
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