EP3582914A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive sur lit de poudre d'une pièce, procédé permettant de définir des paramètres de correction pour le premier procédé cité, et produit-programme informatique pour le second procédé cité - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive sur lit de poudre d'une pièce, procédé permettant de définir des paramètres de correction pour le premier procédé cité, et produit-programme informatique pour le second procédé cité

Info

Publication number
EP3582914A1
EP3582914A1 EP17717433.1A EP17717433A EP3582914A1 EP 3582914 A1 EP3582914 A1 EP 3582914A1 EP 17717433 A EP17717433 A EP 17717433A EP 3582914 A1 EP3582914 A1 EP 3582914A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
correction
function
powder bed
energy beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17717433.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Darya KASTSIAN
Daniel Reznik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3582914A1 publication Critical patent/EP3582914A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for powder bed-based additive manufacturing of a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is produced layer by layer in a powder bed, wherein the respective uppermost layer of the powder bed is solidified for producing the workpiece by an energy beam. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for creating a contour function for use in the aforementioned method. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for generating correction parameters for a correction function relating to process parameters of the additive manufacturing method for use in the first-mentioned method. Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program product for creating a contour function and a computer program product for Trustel ⁇ len of correction parameters for a correction function.
  • a method for the additive production of a workpiece in a powder bed is described in DE 10 2015 205 316. Thereafter, a workpiece in a powder bed is prepared by melting the powder by a laser beam. This can be problematic for certain materials, such as nickel-base superalloys, because the high cooling rates in the molten bath of the laser can lead to stresses in the component and to formation of an undesirable metallic structure.
  • the powder bed be preheated by means of a heater, so that the temperature difference of the powder and the already produced component is lower compared to the molten bath and so the cooling rate can be reduced.
  • the introduced by the amount of laser energy can be adapted to a laser sintering, by the duration of a preceding solidification step of the preceding position is taken into account, at least in a partial region of the produced layer to the energy input in to determine the current situation.
  • a correction factor is determined, which takes into account how high the energy input in pre ⁇ forth positions of the component already produced. This is intended to counteract unwanted component distortion who ⁇ .
  • a further possibility according to WO 2016/049621 A1 is that a preheating of the currently to be solidified La ge can be accomplished by an external energy source.
  • a required heat profile of the ver ⁇ consolidating layer is calculated, in which case subsequent layers still to be produced can be taken into account.
  • Procedures are to be understood as powder bed additive manufacturing method based in the sense of this application, in which the material from which a workpiece is to be prepared, is the workpiece during the formation of layer-wise added ⁇ . In this case, the workpiece is already in its final shape or at least approximately in this Ge ⁇ stalt by solidification of the workpiece defining contours in the powder bed.
  • the workpiece becomes descriptive data (CAD model) for the selected additive
  • Production process processed The data is converted to data of the workpiece adapted to the manufacturing process to produce instructions for the manufacturing plant so that the appropriate process steps for the successive production of the workpiece can take place in the production plant.
  • the data are processed in such a way that the geometric data for the contour of the layers to be produced in each case (FIG. ces) of the workpiece are available, which is also referred to as slicing.
  • selective laser melting also known as SLM for selective laser melting
  • electron beam melting also known as EBM for electron beam
  • the starting point for carrying out an additive Ferti ⁇ off procedure is a description of the workpiece in a geometry data set, for example as STL file (STL stands for Standard Tessellation Language).
  • STL file contains the three-dimensional data for preparation by the additive manufacturing process.
  • the STL file is used to generate a production data record, for example a CLI file (CLI stands for Common Layer Interface), which contains a preparation of the geometry of the workpiece in the contour describing disks (so-called slices) which is suitable for additive production.
  • CLI file Common Layer Interface
  • the transformation of the data is called slicing.
  • the result of the slicing is that the layers of the workpiece to be produced with a certain z-height, z. B. 50 ym, ⁇ are permitted.
  • the machine requires further example, preferences for herstel ⁇ len, the amount of the produced documents, the orientation of the writing vectors, ie the direction and length of the path which the energy beam on the surface of the powder bed describes, and the division of the workpiece position to be generated in sectors in which certain process parameters apply. Furthermore, focus diameter and power of the energy beam used are to be determined.
  • the CLI file and the production data together define a flow chart according to which the workpiece is described in the STL file can be made in the manufacturing plant location ⁇ additive for location.
  • the individual workpiece layers with their stored contour information from which a Belichtungsstra ⁇ strategy will be determined on the work preparation This consists essentially of steps of a contour exposure and tension relief.
  • the energy beam travels one or more times the contour line of the workpiece position.
  • the area of the workpiece position is typically filled with exposure vectors carried in groups in parallel, the groups typically forming a rectangular pattern of individual segments.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a method for powder-bed-based additive production of a workpiece, with which the probability of overheating of the molten bath is comparatively low.
  • This object is achieved with the method for powder bed-based additive manufacturing according to the invention by the fact that in the solidification of the uppermost layer of the powder bed, the underlying geometry of the already produced workpiece is taken into account.
  • This consideration according to the invention causes the time-averaged power introduced by the energy beam per unit area of the powder bed to be reduced by using correction parameters if the heat flow into the workpiece already produced is reduced depending on the workpiece depth available below the energy beam.
  • the available ⁇ de workpiece depth represents the available at this point workpiece ⁇ volume from which the heat dissipation from the molten bath is directly dependent.
  • the larger the workpiece volume the more heat can be absorbed from the molten bath and the derived ⁇ . With a smaller workpiece volume, the heat dissipation is hindered because the powder bed, which surrounds this workpiece volume , has a significantly lower thermal conductivity and also a lower heat capacity.
  • the correction parameters advantageously cause the energy input by the energy beam in critical zones of the To be produced workpiece position is reduced.
  • the energy ⁇ entry can be described by the per unit area of the powder bed ⁇ introduced time-averaged power. This results in the possibilities for defining correction parameters. These can be selected individually or in combination to influence the energy input.
  • a first option is to lower the power of the energy beam. Regardless of the exposure Strate ⁇ energy thereby the introduced into the component energy ⁇ density is proportionately reduced. Another possibility is ⁇ to increase the feed rate of the energy beam on the powder bed. This reduces the per unit area of the powder bed introduced power, since the energy beam sweeps over a given unit area of the powder ⁇ bed in a shorter time. Another possibility is that an irradiation break is maintained between the scanning of the exposure vector and the departure of an adjacent exposure vector.
  • the Belichtungsvek ⁇ gates define respective portions of the path, which leaves the Ener ⁇ giestrahl for solidification of the powder bed, so that the pause between the retraction of adjacent exposure vectors to leads that power is Ringert published in the time average.
  • the fall below the energy beam available to work piece ⁇ depth is calculated from a geometry of the workpiece descriptive record. These data are available anyway because of the required work preparation for the additive manufacturing of the workpiece. It is possible, as the geometry of the descriptive data set to the workpiece Geomet ⁇ riertzsatz (for example as STL file executed) or the manufacturing data set (for example, as CLI-File out ⁇ leads) to be used. According to another embodiment of the invention, below the energy beam available to workpiece ⁇ depth can be only up to a specified maximum depth considered. It has been shown that see critical states of overheating of the melt and there ⁇ only occur with associated beading when the heat dissipation flux is significantly hampered the already manufactured component. From a certain workpiece depth however, it is un ⁇ much how much component volume below this particular workpiece depth is additionally available, as the
  • the maximum depth to be considered can be set to at least 0.5 mm and at most 2 mm, preferably to 1 mm.
  • the maxi ⁇ can times Hoechsmann ⁇ least 40 layers are to be considered depth to at least 10, and preferably set to 20 layers.
  • the maximum depth to be considered depends in detail on the boundary conditions of the selected additive manufacturing process and the material to be processed.
  • the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity form an essential role.
  • Wei ⁇ terhin are the process parameters, particularly the default provided energy input, so the introduced time-averaged power by the energy beam per unit area of the powder bed, tor an essential apprenticefak-.
  • each of them is located below the energy source.
  • Gies beam available workpiece depth for each ⁇ Weils uppermost layer is described as a contour function location-dependent for the surface area of the top layer to be solidified .
  • the proportion to be solidified surface of the uppermost layer of the powder bed is thus the area ratio, which defines the work ⁇ exposure and lies within the contour which is described by the contour function.
  • the area fraction can thus be described in an xy coordinate system in a location-dependent manner.
  • the contour function can advantageously be stored in tabular form from a grid of interpolation points (x, y). This can be used, for example, to create a modified CLI file.
  • the contour function is normalized to 1, where the value 1 is reached where the maximum depth to be considered is reached.
  • a correction value of the contour function can be easily taken into account, for example, depending on the support location, by using the value of the contour function as a correction factor. If the uncritical maximum depth to be taken into account in the workpiece already produced is reached, then this factor is 1, ie no correction of the introduced energy of the energy beam is necessary. Reaches the correction value is 0, it means that the workpiece was in the as ⁇ lying down position is not made at this point. ⁇ all recently allowed here introduced by the energy beam energy can not be set to 0, but malwert a mini, which is necessary for forming an unsupported by former erzeug ⁇ te workpiece layers new workpiece position.
  • the contour function may also be assigned a correction function in which the correction parameters for the temporally averaged value introduced by the energy beam per unit area of the powder bed are location-dependent Performance be filed.
  • the correction function can also be stored in tabular form for a grid of interpolation points (x; y). This makes it possible to take account of empirical values as to how the energy introduced by the energy beam must be reduced as a function of the already produced workpiece volume. If there is sufficient knowledge of experience, the correction function can advantageously be fed from a library which makes available possible correction parameters.
  • the correction parameters of the correction function to be assigned are determined as a function of the averaged value of the correction function or of the minimum value of the correction function along an exposure vector, wherein the exposure vector is a rectilinear element of the advance of the energy beam.
  • the exposure vector is treated as the smallest unit to be corrected. This can be corrected with the correction factor of the correction function individually or in groups with other, in particular, parallel exposure vectors of a segment within the contour to be exposed.
  • a correction is smaller than if the minimum value is used to determine the correction parameters.
  • the worst-case scenario for the exposure vector concerned is taken into account and the correction is correspondingly stronger.
  • Egg ⁇ ne decision which value should be taken into account, for example, can be made depending on the environment of the component.
  • a Distance to the edge of the contour to be considered in addition in a peripheral area of the contour in accordance with another Substituted ⁇ staltung of the invention in the determination of the correction parameters a Distance to the edge of the contour to be considered.
  • kriti ⁇ shear In the edge zone of the contour of a reduction in the molten bath lying below the workpiece volume kriti ⁇ shear normally precipitates out because the edge is in any case in a direction transverse to the Z-direction component less volume.
  • the minimum value of the correction function along an exposure vector may be used, for example, while au ⁇ ßer Halb the edge zone, the mean value is used.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by a Ver ⁇ drive to create a contour function is achieved in that each is below a available for the preparation to USAGE ⁇ Denden energy beam workpiece depth for the processed layers of the powder bed as a contour function depending on the location for the to be solidified surface portion of the layer is calculated.
  • the respective position to be produced, for which the contour function is calculated is the uppermost layer during production in the production method already described above.
  • the contour functions of all the layers to be produced can also be calculated in advance, since the information required for this purpose is already available in the data sets describing the workpiece.
  • the object specified above is achieved according to the invention by a method for generating correction parameters for a correction function, which can be used in the above-described method for additive manufacturing. It is according to the invention provided that the measure for the Ver ⁇ ring réelle the introduced through the beam of energy per unit area of the powder bed time-averaged power is determined by preparing a specimen.
  • the correction parameters can be derived from the determined measure and stored with boundary conditions valid for the correction for the production. An iterative procedure for checking the correction parameters is possible.
  • the Correction parameters can then be stored in a library, for example. The values can then be retrieved as needed if comparable structures result in the component to be produced as in the sample or 5 previously produced workpieces.
  • the object can also be achieved by calculating the measure for the reduction of the time-related power introduced by the energy beam per unit area of the powder bed with a simulation program in order to derive the correction partners from the measure. These can also be stored with marginal conditions for the production that are valid for the correction.
  • the simulation program can be applied to the production of specimens or to the manufacture of structural components. It is also possible, the method described above, comprising the preparation of a pro ⁇
  • a computer program product for creating a contour function 25 which is suitable for use in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • a computer program product for creating a contour function 25 which is suitable for use in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • a computer program product for creating a contour function 25 which is suitable for use in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • a computer program product for creating a contour function 25 which is suitable for use in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • a computer program product for creating a contour function 25 which is suitable for use in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • a computer program product for creating a contour function 25 which is suitable for use in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • Creation program module on a second interface for Ausga ⁇ be said contour function.
  • the creation program module with the required data for the creation ⁇ be supplied to the contour function and then output the calculated contour function.
  • the object stated at the outset is also achieved by a computer program product for creating correction parameters for a correction function, wherein the contour function can be used in the additive manufacturing method described above.
  • the object specified in the introduction is achieved by providing a simulation program module with which the measure for the reduction of the time-averaged power introduced per unit area by the energy beam can be calculated.
  • This simulation program module comprises a third interface for entranc ⁇ be one of the geometry of a simulated workpiece to be produced descriptive record because this record is required for the simulation calculation.
  • the simulation program module has a fourth interface for outputting said measure. Then be in consideration of the extent of the boundary conditions used in the simulation for production simulation as Korrekturpa ⁇ parameters store.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for carrying out an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention with a sectional schematic representation of a laser melting system and exemplary embodiments of the computer program products according to the invention as a block circuit diagram
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for determining correction parameters by a test method three-dimensional
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the inventive
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment for the determination of correction factors as a function of exposure vectors according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention as a flowchart.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a system 11 for laser melting.
  • This has a process chamber 12, in which a powder bed 13 can be produced.
  • a distribution device in the form of a doctor blade 14 via a powder supply 15, and then moves across the powder bed 13, whereby a thin layer is formed of powder in the powder bed 13, a top layer 25 of the powder bed forms.
  • a laser 16 then generates a laser beam 17, which is moved by means of an optical deflecting device with mirror 18 over the surface of the powder ⁇ bed 13. In this case, the powder is melted at the point of incidence ⁇ the laser beam 17, whereby a workpiece 19 is formed.
  • the powder bed 13 is formed on a building platform 20, which can be gradually lowered by an actuator 21 in a pot-shaped housing 22 by one powder layer thickness.
  • heaters 23 in the form of electrical resistance heaters (al- ternatively also induction coils are possible) are provided, which can preheat the work in progress 19 and the Par ⁇ particles of the powder bed 13.
  • To the Energybe ⁇ must be limited to preheat, located on the Gepatiu- se 22 outside an insulation 24 with low thermal conductivity.
  • the system 11 for laser melting is controlled by a control inputs CRL direction, which must be previously provided with appropriate Pro ⁇ process data.
  • CRL direction which must be previously provided with appropriate Pro ⁇ process data.
  • the geometry data set STL thus generated is input via a fifth interface S5
  • a computer program product 26 is installed on the one hand, which has a Er einspro ⁇ program module CON, and a transformation program module SLC up.
  • Konstrukti ⁇ onsquelsatz STL is (received via the first interface Sl) into a manufacturing data set CLI.
  • PRT program module transformation process parameters
  • the builder module CON is used to determine correction factors vf which are to be taken into account in the manufacturing parameters PRT, so it does not come to an over ⁇ overheating of the melt. These are passed to the He ⁇ position via an interface S2 to the control device CRL to the system 11, possibly supplemented by the control device CRL advantageously with specific data of the plant. 11 For this purpose, the control device CRL also requires the manufacturing data set CLI, which contains the geometry of the machines divided into workpiece layers. The control device communicates with the system via a ninth interface S9.
  • the creation program module CON is initially calculated according to the invention Depth information supplemented contour functions gcf a workpiece to be produced, which in addition to the information of the extent of the workpiece layer to be consolidated also contains a location-dependent information about how large the workpiece depth z available under the energy beam (see Figure 2). This information depends on the variables x and y, which can be expressed by the expression gcf (x, y). From the contour function, the correction parameters vf, which are likewise dependent on the variables x and y, can then be determined spatially resolved, for which reason vf can also be written as a function vf (x, y).
  • the build program module CON requires data that can come from a library LIB. This is shown according to Figure 1 as an external Biblio ⁇ theque LIB and is connected via a sixth interface with the creation program module CON (communication in both directions).
  • a simulation program module SIM which is implemented in a second computer program product 27. This receives, via a third interface S3, the production data set CLI and the production parameter PRT, with which data an additive production of the
  • Workpiece can be simulated.
  • typical partial structures of workpieces or specimens can be calculated with the simulation program.
  • the result of these simulation calculations can be stored in the library LIB via a sieve interface S7.
  • test equipment TST with equipment 11 or other equipment to determine if overheating of the molten bath occurs. In this way also correction parameters can be tried out. These results can be stored in the S8 Bib ⁇ liothek LIB taking advantage of an eighth interface.
  • the test results of the Tests TST or the simulation calculations in the simulation program module SIM are also passed through a fourth interface S4 to the creation program module CON, so that from this the correction parameters vf can be determined.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible structure of a test specimen 28, which is shown with a part of the powder bed 13 surrounding the specimen 28. This one has a wedge-shaped
  • the values for the available component depth z become tabular for a given number of in-frame
  • Support points (x; y) are stored and can according to the above calculation method between 0 and 1 are.
  • the calculation rule there is thus a normalization of the contour function gcf, wherein the maximum depth of the specimen 28 to be considered is equated with 1.
  • FIG. 3 a certain contour described by the contour function gcf (x, y) is shown, which may also consist of several subregions.
  • the areas in which are z ⁇ z m are shown shaded in Figure 3 and ⁇ the delimited by a dash-dot line. These can lie on an outer contour 31 of the workpiece layer 32 to be produced or else the interior thereof.
  • JE in Figure 3 wells an edge zone 33 of the manufactured workpiece position indicated by a dash-double dot line, can be taken into account in the determination of correction factors in the ⁇ to additionally applicable to the edge zone boundary conditions.
  • a section 34 of the exposed surface of a workpiece is shown.
  • a segment 35 which is to be exposed with a number of Belich ⁇ tion vectors 36. These each have a certain length and run in the segment 35 with a certain distance (hatch) h parallel to each other.
  • the average value zi or the minimum value Z2 can be determined. This is stored for the relevant exposure vector 36 as a base value in the contour function gcf under the relevant coordinates (x; y). It is clear from FIG. 4 that these values z change for each of the exposure vectors 36, since the Under the segment 35 located component volume is indicated by a wireframe model 37.
  • the method according to the invention for additively producing a workpiece is shown as a flowchart.
  • the method of creating a geometry data set for a near, STL ⁇ alternate workpiece begins. This is transformed in a manner known per se in a subsequent step into a production data set CLI which describes the workpiece to be produced in slices.
  • This manufacturing data set CLI can be used to produce the workpiece with standardized production parameters, whereby a test TST can be performed in which the workpiece is manufactured in an additive manufacturing plant. Alternatively, the production can also be checked by a simulation calculation CAL. In both cases, it is then determined whether DEV form deviations are due to overheating of the molten bath.
  • a modified contour function must gcf (x, y) are created workpiece been made of the function of the depths ⁇ information z of the correction parameter of the correction function vf (x, y) is determined can be NEN. These are then taken into account in another test TST or in another simulation calculation CAL, again determining the shape deviations DEV. These iterations are repeated until the form deviations DEV are smaller than the maximum permissible tolerances tmax ⁇

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce (19) dans une installation de fabrication additive (11) sur un lit de poudre (13). Dans ce cas, des surchauffes critiques du bain de fusion généré risquent de se produire dans les parties d'élément dans lesquelles un faible volume de matière de l'élément déjà fabriqué se trouve sous le faisceau énergétique (17). L'invention vise à prévenir ces surchauffes. À cet effet, une fonction de contour (gcf) prend en compte l'élément (19) se trouvant sous la couche à fabriquer (25). De cette fonction peuvent être dérivés des paramètres de correction (vf) qui restreignent la quantité d'énergie introduite du faisceau énergétique (17), pour prévenir une surchauffe du bain de fusion. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de déterminer une fonction de contour (gcf) ou de définir des paramètres de correction d'une fonction de correction (vf), et des produits-programmes informatiques (26, 27) permettant la mise en œuvre des procédés ci-dessus.
EP17717433.1A 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 Procédé de fabrication additive sur lit de poudre d'une pièce, procédé permettant de définir des paramètres de correction pour le premier procédé cité, et produit-programme informatique pour le second procédé cité Pending EP3582914A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2017/058997 WO2018188757A1 (fr) 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 Procédé de fabrication additive sur lit de poudre d'une pièce, procédé permettant de définir des paramètres de correction pour le premier procédé cité, et produit-programme informatique pour le second procédé cité

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EP3582914A1 true EP3582914A1 (fr) 2019-12-25

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US (1) US20200039145A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3582914A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2018188757A1 (fr)

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JP6845353B2 (ja) * 2017-06-20 2021-03-17 カール・ツアイス・インダストリーエレ・メステクニク・ゲーエムベーハー 付加製造方法及び装置
JP2024045926A (ja) * 2022-09-22 2024-04-03 株式会社Ｓｃｒｅｅｎホールディングス ３次元造形装置および３次元造形方法
EP4361914A1 (fr) * 2022-10-24 2024-05-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de qualification d'un processus de fabrication, procédé de fabrication, machine de fabrication

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JP3044811B2 (ja) * 1991-03-25 2000-05-22 日本電気株式会社 フォトマスク修正装置
DE10165113B3 (de) * 2000-03-15 2019-11-21 Realizer Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers
SE524432C2 (sv) * 2002-12-19 2004-08-10 Arcam Ab Anordning samt metod för framställande av en tredimensionell produkt
SE524439C2 (sv) * 2002-12-19 2004-08-10 Arcam Ab Anordning samt metod för framställande av en tredimensionell produkt
DE102009057139A1 (de) * 2009-12-08 2011-06-09 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Verfahren zur Konstruktion gleichsinnig rotierender, sich berührender Körper
DE102011087374A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Matthias Fockele Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus Werkstoffpulver
EP2762262A1 (fr) * 2013-02-01 2014-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de soudage avec puissance de soudage réglable selon l'épaisseur
JP6456353B2 (ja) * 2013-03-12 2019-01-23 オレンジ・メーカー・エルエルシー 渦巻状の積上げを使用した３ｄ印刷
EP2893994B1 (fr) * 2014-01-14 2020-07-15 General Electric Technology GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un composant métallique ou céramique par fusion laser sélective
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CN110545940B (zh) 2022-07-29
CN110545940A (zh) 2019-12-06
US20200039145A1 (en) 2020-02-06
WO2018188757A1 (fr) 2018-10-18

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