EP3582326B1 - Couplage d'antenne - Google Patents

Couplage d'antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3582326B1
EP3582326B1 EP18177988.5A EP18177988A EP3582326B1 EP 3582326 B1 EP3582326 B1 EP 3582326B1 EP 18177988 A EP18177988 A EP 18177988A EP 3582326 B1 EP3582326 B1 EP 3582326B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
aperture
conductor
antennas
ground plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18177988.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3582326A1 (fr
Inventor
Reetta Kuonanoja
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority to EP18177988.5A priority Critical patent/EP3582326B1/fr
Publication of EP3582326A1 publication Critical patent/EP3582326A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3582326B1 publication Critical patent/EP3582326B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems

Definitions

  • Each radiating element resonates, on the one hand, along a first resonance axis perpendicular to the axis of the first slot and, on the other hand, along a second resonance axis perpendicular to the axis of the second and third slots, the intersection of these two resonance axes being at a right angle and defining a resonance centre.
  • the first slot is centred transversely with respect to the said first resonance axis and longitudinally with respect to the said resonance centre.
  • the second and third slots are centred transversely with respect to the said second resonance axis and placed at equal distances from the said resonance centre.
  • the conductor may be provided as a track on substantially one side only of a printed wire board or similar substrate.
  • the antenna array or base station may further comprise measurement and calibration means for receiving the coupled signals, and for measuring and calibrating the amplitude and/or phase of signals respectively received from, and/or provided to, the antennas.
  • the calibration means may be configured to modify one or more signals provided to the antennas to substantially maintain a required beam profile.
  • Example embodiments relate to antenna coupling, for example an apparatus or structure for coupling a signal from one or more antennas, for example from a plurality of antennas forming an array for beamforming purposes in use.
  • Example embodiments may relate to a coupling apparatus for an antenna array provided on a cellular base station, with associated monitoring and/or calibration equipment or circuitry which may receive signals from transmission lines associated with the coupler for analysis or processing.
  • Other applications are however within the scope of the following.
  • a coupler is a point or structure provided with an antenna or antenna array for receiving an indication of the antenna's signals.
  • a coupler comprises both an aperture in a ground plane and a coupling or transmission line conductor. These coupled signals are effectively 'sniffed' by the coupler at a low signal level, in a process generally referred to herein as coupling, and these low signal levels are sent back to the monitoring and/or calibration equipment, which determines amplitude and phase information for comparison with signals sniffed by one or more other couplers associated with respective one or more other antennas. If needed, calibration equipment can adjust the amplitude and/or phase to one or more antennas.
  • the coupler may be directional.
  • a radiating element 170 is provided in the form of a metal plate, which may or may not be integral with the box-like structure defining the cavity 130.
  • the radiating element 170 is or are formed one or more slotted resonant elements 180; in this example, these may be provided by two slots 180 in different orientations but providing a single cross-shaped aperture, formed in the manner of an "X" shape.
  • the two slots 180 may therefore intersect.
  • the different slots 180 produce different polarisations by virtue of their respective orientations.
  • the different polarisations maybe substantially orthogonal.
  • Multiple instances of the antenna 110 may be provided as separate individual modules, for example multiple cavities 130 and multiple radiating elements 170.
  • the multiple instances may be provided by a single contiguous piece of conductive material having multiple cavities 130, with either individual radiating elements 170 or a single plate having multiple sets of slots 180 which overlie respective ones of the cavities.
  • the multiple antennas 110 may be located substantially on a single plane.
  • conductive coupler line On the opposite side of the base wall 150 is provided part of a conductor 200, hereafter “conductive coupler line” for carrying coupled signals to electronic devices.
  • the conductive coupler line 200 may comprise a strip of conductive material printed or otherwise provided on a substrate, e.g. a PWB, a first side of which may be attached to the underside of the base wall 150.
  • the conductive coupler line 200 may be carried by a second, opposite side of the PWB such that the PWB material is between the strip of conductive material and the base wall.
  • the conductive coupler line 200 may be, for example a 50 ohm transmission microstrip line.
  • the PWB or other substrate may comprise a dielectric material such as FR-4, or other RF or microwave substrate or laminate, including ceramics such as alumina, composites etc.
  • Figure 5A shows in plan-view one side of a printed circuit board (PCB) 240 or the like, on which may be mounted an array of antennas 110 (not shown in the Figure) for example in a MIMO or mMIMO array or any other kind of array.
  • the conductive coupler line 200 partly shown in Figures 3 and 4 is indicated as a serial path to first and second connection points C1, C2 which connect to measurement and/or calibration equipment 300 and/or may lead off to transceiver, transmitter and/or receiver circuitry if integrated within the same PCB/PWB or a separate PCB/PWB.
  • the simplicity of the conductive coupler line 200 arrangement is evident.
  • Figure 5B shows in plan-view one side of a printed circuit board (PCB) 250 or the like, on which may be mounted an array of antennas 110 (not shown in the Figure) for example in a MIMO or mMIMO array or any other kind of array.
  • a differently-arranged conductive coupler line 260 being a single direction coupling path, extends to a first connection point C1 which may similarly connect to measurement and/or calibration equipment 300 as in Figure 5A and/or may lead off to transceiver, transmitter and/or receiver circuitry if integrated within the same PCB/PWB or a separate PCB/PWB. Otherwise, the manner in which the conductive coupler line 260 is arranged on a single plane on the PCB 250 and partly overlies the apertures 120 for receiving and passing the coupled signals is the same.
  • a PWB can be any form of printed wiring board, including printed circuit boards, flexi circuits, semi-flexible circuits and other forms of printable substrates and laminates.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Appareil (10) qui comprend :
    une alimentation d'antenne pour diriger des signaux RF vers et/ou depuis une antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) ; et
    un moyen de couplage configuré pour coupler un signal depuis une partie de rayonnement de l'antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) et configuré pour piloter et/ou étalonner de façon dynamique l'antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350), l'antenne (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne (170) et un tapis de sol,
    le moyen de couplage comprenant :
    le tapis de sol de l'antenne ; un orifice (120, 325) qui passe à travers le tapis de sol de l'antenne (30, 110, 350) ; et
    un conducteur (200, 260, 330) pour coupler un signal acheminé par les un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne (170), une partie du conducteur (200, 260, 330) s'étendant par-dessus au moins une partie de l'orifice (120, 325),
    dans lequel le moyen de couplage est en outre configuré pour coupler des signaux de parties de rayonnement respectives d'une pluralité de telles antennes (30, 110, 315, 320, 350),
    le moyen de couplage comprenant en outre une pluralité de tels orifices (120, 325) espacés des un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne (170) de la pluralité d'antennes, et dans lequel
    le conducteur (200, 260, 330) est agencé de telle sorte que les parties respectives du conducteur (200, 260, 330) s'étendent par-dessus au moins une partie de chaque orifice (120, 325), et
    dans lequel la pluralité d'antennes (30, 110, 315, 320, 350) sont agencées en tant que réseau qui comprend une ou plusieurs rangées d'antennes (30, 110, 315, 320, 350), et
    dans lequel le conducteur (200, 260, 330) s'étend depuis une première borne (C1) d'un port de liaison vers chacun des orifices (120, 325), et
    dans lequel le port de liaison est configuré pour relier à un équipement de mesure et/ou d'étalonnage (300) et/ou pour conduire vers une circuiterie d'émetteur-récepteur, d'émetteur et/ou de récepteur.
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'orifice est une fente.
  3. Appareil selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel l'orifice est positionné essentiellement à l'opposé des un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne.
  4. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la partie du conducteur qui s'étend par-dessus une partie de l'orifice présente une largeur supérieure à celle d'une autre partie du conducteur qui ne s'étend pas par-dessus une partie de l'orifice.
  5. Appareil selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ladite largeur de la partie du conducteur qui s'étend par-dessus une partie de l'orifice est réglée pour compenser une impédance causée par la fente.
  6. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'orifice est prévu à l'intérieur du tapis de sol d'une antenne bipolarisée.
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'antenne comprend une pluralité d'éléments d'antenne doublet sur un tapis de sol de réflecteur, l'orifice étant prévu dans le tapis de sol de réflecteur.
  8. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel les un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne de l'antenne comprennent un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne résonnante à fente et une cavité d'antenne conductrice définie au moins partiellement par une paroi sur un côté des un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne, l'orifice étant prévu dans la paroi de cavité.
  9. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le conducteur est espacé du tapis de sol soit par un matériau diélectrique soit par de l'air.
  10. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel tout ou partie des moyens de couplage sont configurés pour former une ligne de transmission.
  11. Appareil selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la ligne de transmission est au moins l'un parmi une ligne microruban, une ligne à ruban, un guide d'ondes coplanaire, une ligne à fente, des rubans coplanaires, un guide d'ondes et un câble coaxial.
  12. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le conducteur est prévu en tant que piste sur essentiellement un côté uniquement d'une carte de circuit imprimé ou d'un substrat analogue.
  13. Réseau d'antennes ou station de base qui comprend un appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.
  14. Réseau d'antennes ou station de base selon la revendication 13, qui comprend en outre un moyen de mesure et d'étalonnage pour recevoir les signaux couplés, et pour mesurer et étalonner l'amplitude et/ou la phase de signaux respectivement reçus depuis les, et/ou fournis aux, antennes.
  15. Réseau d'antennes ou station de base selon la revendication 14, dans lequel le moyen d'étalonnage est configuré pour modifier un ou plusieurs signaux fournis aux antennes pour essentiellement maintenir un profil de faisceau requis.
EP18177988.5A 2018-06-15 2018-06-15 Couplage d'antenne Active EP3582326B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18177988.5A EP3582326B1 (fr) 2018-06-15 2018-06-15 Couplage d'antenne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18177988.5A EP3582326B1 (fr) 2018-06-15 2018-06-15 Couplage d'antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3582326A1 EP3582326A1 (fr) 2019-12-18
EP3582326B1 true EP3582326B1 (fr) 2021-10-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18177988.5A Active EP3582326B1 (fr) 2018-06-15 2018-06-15 Couplage d'antenne

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2680283B1 (fr) * 1991-08-07 1993-10-01 Alcatel Espace Antenne radioelectrique elementaire miniaturisee.
FR2700067B1 (fr) * 1992-12-29 1995-03-17 France Telecom Antenne plaquée à double polarisation et dispositif d'émission/réception correspondant.
US20030227420A1 (en) * 2002-06-05 2003-12-11 Andrew Corporation Integrated aperture and calibration feed for adaptive beamforming systems
DE10244206A1 (de) * 2002-09-23 2004-03-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Übertragen bzw. Abstrahlen hochfrequenter Wellen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3582326A1 (fr) 2019-12-18

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