EP3577095B1 - Method and device for drying an explosive - Google Patents
Method and device for drying an explosive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3577095B1 EP3577095B1 EP18702459.1A EP18702459A EP3577095B1 EP 3577095 B1 EP3577095 B1 EP 3577095B1 EP 18702459 A EP18702459 A EP 18702459A EP 3577095 B1 EP3577095 B1 EP 3577095B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- chamber
- drying
- drying chamber
- moisture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 102
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0091—Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/241—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening using microwave heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
- F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
- F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for drying explosives.
- Explosives within the meaning of the present invention are solid and liquid substances as well as mixtures of substances which, when activated with sufficient energy, undergo a specific strong chemical reaction in which heat energy and gases develop.
- explosives, pyrotechnic charges, active charges, effect charges as well as substances, raw and auxiliary materials, residues or materials that can be used to produce explosives and pyrotechnic objects are contained in explosives.
- the above explosives may contain some degree of moisture, which moisture is not desirable.
- the quality of the products made from the explosives thus largely depends on the fact that there is as little moisture as possible in the explosives.
- the durability and the function which are produced from the explosives depend on the fact that as little moisture as possible is contained in them.
- these substances are introduced into a furnace, with the most varied types of furnace action being known for this purpose. For example, drying by thermal radiation is known, by convection or by vacuum drying.
- U.S. 4,758,287 A , EP 1 992 675 A1 and EP 1 992 675 A1 describe methods and devices for drying explosives by means of microwave radiation.
- U.S. 4,104,804A describes the drying of explosives by means of electromagnetic radiation, with the explosive being guided through a drying chamber by means of a conveyor belt.
- the time required for this drying is an essential factor in the processing of explosives. So it is advantageous if the drying time is shorter, because then more fabric can be processed in the same time.
- the present invention proposes exposing the substance to microwave radiation, thereby heating the explosive and the moisture. As a result of this heating, the moisture is removed from the substance, for example by evaporation.
- Microwaves have proven advantageous because they consume less energy than conventional ovens and the time that the explosive is exposed to microwave radiation until a sufficiently high degree of drying is achieved is relatively short compared to conventional ovens. Microwave heating is faster than convection or radiant heat.
- the method and the device are not limited to just one explosive, but any compositions can be dried as an explosive.
- a carrying device is provided on which the explosive that is to be dried is applied.
- This carrying device favors drying in several ways. Either the carrying device itself can be heated, which supports the drying process, or the carrying device is equipped to reflect microwave radiation, so that the microwave radiation acting on the explosive to be dried first penetrates through the substance, is reflected by the carrying device and then again penetrates through the substance to be dried . Consequently drying is again possible due to the design of the carrying device.
- the carrying device can also be designed to be radiation-permeable, so that microwaves can act on the explosive from different directions, including from below the carrying device.
- the moisture then rises from the materials in a corresponding discharge direction, namely upwards, as is usual with water vapour.
- the present invention also proposes a device for drying explosives, in which case explosives to which moisture has been applied are to be dried again, with the device containing a drying chamber in which the substance can be dried. Furthermore, the device has a support, similar to the aforesaid support of the method, on which the fabric can be stored.
- At least one magnetron is now assigned to the drying chamber, which can generate microwave radiation in the direction of the carrying device and thus in the direction of the materials to be dried.
- Several magnetrons can also be provided, depending on the configuration of the carrying device, also assigned to the drying chamber in different effective directions. The magnetrons can thus be arranged in such a way that microwave radiation can act on the explosive to be dried from a number of directions.
- the carrying device is designed to be reflective, it is proposed to arrange the magnetrons only above or to the side of the drying chamber, so that the microwave radiation emitted by the magnetrons primarily strikes the explosive from above.
- the carrying device may also be designed to be transparent to microwave radiation.
- the magnetrons can also act on the material to be dried from all directions, especially from below. Then the microwave radiation emitted from below would radiate through the carrying device and then hit the fabric to be dried.
- At least one sensor be assigned to the drying chamber in order to detect the state inside the drying chamber.
- These sensors can preferably measure moisture and/or measure temperatures.
- the carrying device is designed as a conveyor belt for the device, so that the explosive to be dried can be passed through the drying chamber.
- the conveyor belt has a transport direction and a transport speed. The explosive substance to be dried is thus guided through the drying chamber on the conveyor belt and the speed of the conveyor belt is then adjusted in such a way that the substance is sufficiently dry when it is driven out of the drying chamber.
- a first chamber is provided according to the invention, which is upstream of the drying chamber.
- the conveyor belt now moves the explosive first through the first chamber and then into the drying chamber.
- a second chamber is located downstream of the drying chamber, so that the conveyor belt then guides the material that is fed out of the drying chamber through a second chamber.
- cooling elements are provided according to the invention. These cooling elements can be simple ventilation or air conditioning elements that cool down the entire second chamber.
- the first and/or the second chamber can also adsorb the explosive to be dried. This involves modifying the surface of the substance to optimize microwave drying and minimize the risk of the explosive igniting.
- the conveyor belt speed can be varied. This variation makes it possible to always achieve an optimal drying result.
- the wavelength and/or the power of the magnetrons it is possible to ensure the optimum heat input for a specific explosive, since different substances cause different heat generation due to different wavelengths.
- By adjusting the power it is possible to ensure a drying profile, for example when the power is increased or decreased according to the heat already achieved when the fabric is driven through on the conveyor belt in the drying chamber.
- another embodiment provides for ventilations to be assigned in the drying chamber, which transport the air inside the drying chamber to the outside of the drying chamber.
- these vents can also have moisture filters if the moisture is to be trapped.
- figure 1 shows the explosive 4 to be dried, which contains a certain amount of moisture 2 that is to be removed from the explosive 4 by the drying process.
- the explosive 4 is provided with microwave radiation 1, which heats the explosive 4 and the moisture 2 contained therein. As a result of this heating, the moisture 2 is removed from the explosive 4, preferably by evaporation.
- the explosive 4 to be dried is arranged on a carrying device 5 and the microwave radiation 1 is applied from above onto the explosive 4 to be dried.
- the carrying device 5 can be designed to be reflective, so that the microwave radiation 1 first penetrates the explosive 4 to be dried, is reflected by the carrying device 5 and again penetrates the explosive 4 to be dried.
- the carrying device 5 it is also possible to design the carrying device 5 to be radiation-transmissive, so that not only does microwave radiation 1 hit the explosive 4 to be dried from above, but also, for example, from below.
- the microwave radiation 1 first penetrates the carrying device 5 and then hits the explosive 4 to be dried.
- the explosive substance 4 to be dried is heated by the microwave radiation 1 and the moisture 2 contained therein is also heated. This heating occurs to such an extent that the moisture 2 is removed from the explosive 4 .
- This discharge preferably takes place upwards out of the explosive 4, specifically in the discharge direction 3.
- FIG 2 the corresponding device for drying explosives 4 is shown.
- a drying chamber 13 is shown, as well as a first chamber 12 and a second chamber 16, which are upstream and downstream of the drying chamber 13, respectively.
- the carrying device 5 is implemented here by a conveyor belt 11 which moves in the transport direction 10 through the device for drying explosives 4 according to the invention.
- the explosive substance 4 is first transported through the first chamber 12 by the conveyor belt 11 .
- This first chamber 12 can be used to appropriately prepare the explosive 4 to be dried before it enters the drying chamber 13 .
- the explosive 4 can be preheated, for example, by further magnetrons or by convection heating elements.
- the drying chamber 13 is equipped with at least one magnetron 14, which can apply microwave radiation 1 to the explosive 4 to be dried.
- the explosive substance 4 to be dried is heated by the microwave radiation 1 and the moisture 2 contained in the explosive substance 4 is removed from the explosive substance 4 by the heating.
- the drying chamber 13 In order to monitor the optimal removal of the moisture 2 from the explosive 4, it is proposed to equip the drying chamber 13 with at least one sensor 15 in order to be able to monitor the environment inside the drying chamber 13. This sensor or the several sensors can then monitor the temperature inside the drying chamber 13 or the humidity 2 inside the drying chamber 13. To monitor the heat inside the drying chamber 13, it is proposed to use at least one pyrometer as a sensor 15 to measure the temperature on the to limit thermal radiation. After the explosive 4 to be dried has been transported through the drying chamber 13 on the conveyor belt 11, it arrives in the second chamber 16.
- This chamber can be used for post-processing of the explosive 4 to be dried. For this purpose, it can contain cooling elements, for example, in order to cool down the explosive substance 4 to be dried to temperatures that allow further processing. However, at least one further adsorber could also be provided, which again processes the surface of the explosive substance 4 to be dried for further use.
- the running speed of the conveyor belt 11 can be varied in order to adapt the drying process and the length of time in the drying chamber 13 to the particular explosive 4 to be dried or the thickness of the material.
- the wavelength of the magnetrons 14 can also be varied in order to ensure an adaptation to the explosive 4 to be dried here as well. This variability ensures optimal adaptation to any explosive substance 4 to be dried.
- a ventilation system (not shown) is preferably provided, which guides the air out of the drying chamber 13.
- This ventilation can optionally contain a moisture filter if it is not desired for the moisture 2 to penetrate to the outside.
- a filling or dosing transport system can also be used instead of a conveyor belt in order to ensure drying in batches.
- a mixture of several explosives can also be dried in one drying process.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Explosivstoff. Explosivstoffe im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung sind feste und flüssige Stoffe sowie Stoffgemische, die bei ausreichender energetischer Aktivierung eine bestimmte starke chemische Reaktion durchlaufen, bei der sich Wärmeenergie und Gase entwickeln. Insbesondere sind Sprengstoffe, pyrotechnische Sätze, Wirksätze, Effektsätze sowie Stoffe, Roh- und Hilfsstoffe, Reststoffe bzw. Materialien, die zur Herstellung von Explosivstoffen und pyrotechnischen Gegenständen dienen können in Explosivstoffen enthalten.The present invention relates to a method and a device for drying explosives. Explosives within the meaning of the present invention are solid and liquid substances as well as mixtures of substances which, when activated with sufficient energy, undergo a specific strong chemical reaction in which heat energy and gases develop. In particular, explosives, pyrotechnic charges, active charges, effect charges as well as substances, raw and auxiliary materials, residues or materials that can be used to produce explosives and pyrotechnic objects are contained in explosives.
Die oben genannten Explosivstoffe können einen gewissen Grad an Feuchtigkeit enthalten, wobei diese Feuchtigkeit nicht erwünscht ist. Somit hängt die Qualität der aus den Explosivstoffen hergestellten Produkten maßgeblich davon ab, dass möglichst wenig Feuchtigkeit in den Explosivstoffen vorhanden ist. Die Haltbarkeit und die Funktion, welche aus den Explosivstoffen hergestellt werden, hängt davon ab, dass möglichst wenig Feuchtigkeit darin enthalten ist. Weiterhin gibt es bei bestimmten Explosivstoffen, beispielsweise bei Nebelsätzen auf Basis von rotem Phosphor, ab einem bestimmten Feuchtigkeitsgehalt vermehrte Phosphinbildung. Dies ist zu verhindern, da Phosphin weder im Explosivstoff erwünscht ist und zudem noch hoch giftig ist.The above explosives may contain some degree of moisture, which moisture is not desirable. The quality of the products made from the explosives thus largely depends on the fact that there is as little moisture as possible in the explosives. The durability and the function which are produced from the explosives depend on the fact that as little moisture as possible is contained in them. Furthermore, there is increased formation of phosphine above a certain moisture content with certain explosives, for example smoke generators based on red phosphorus. This is to be prevented since phosphine is not desirable in the explosive and is also highly toxic.
Zur Austragung der in den Explosivstoffen vorhandenen Feuchtigkeit werden diese Stoffe dazu in einen Ofen eingebracht, wobei hierzu verschiedenste Arten von Wirkweisen der Öfen bekannt sind. So ist beispielsweise Trocknung durch Wärmestrahlung bekannt, durch Konvektion oder durch Vakuumtrocknung.In order to remove the moisture present in the explosives, these substances are introduced into a furnace, with the most varied types of furnace action being known for this purpose. For example, drying by thermal radiation is known, by convection or by vacuum drying.
Eine mögliche Trocknung solcher Explosivstoffe beschreibt beispielsweise die
Die Zeit, die zu dieser Trocknung benötigt wird, ist ein essentieller Faktor bei der Verarbeitung von Explosivstoffen. So ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Trocknungszeit kürzer ausfällt, da dann mehr Stoff in gleicher Zeit verarbeitet werden kann.The time required for this drying is an essential factor in the processing of explosives. So it is advantageous if the drying time is shorter, because then more fabric can be processed in the same time.
Somit ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Trocknungsverfahren für Explosivstoff bereitzustellen, welches schneller funktioniert als herkömmliche Verfahren und mit möglichst geringem Energieverbrauch verbunden ist. Ein geringer Energieverbrauch macht das Verfahren bzw. den Prozess wirtschaftlicher.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a drying method for explosives which works faster than conventional methods and is associated with the lowest possible energy consumption. Low energy consumption makes the method or process more economical.
Dieser Aufgaben werden durch die Merkmale des Verfahrens aus Anspruch 1 gelöst, sowie mittels der Vorrichtung aus Anspruch 4.These objects are solved by the features of the method of
So wird zunächst ein Verfahren zur Trocknung von Explosivstoff vorgeschlagen, bei welchem der Explosivstoff einem gewissen Grad an Feuchtigkeit enthält. Statt eine der konventionellen Methoden zur Trocknung bzw. Erwärmung des Explosivstoffes anzuwenden, schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung nun jedoch vor, den Stoff einer Mikrowellenstrahlung auszusetzen, wodurch der Explosivstoff und die Feuchtigkeit erhitzt wird. Durch diese Erhitzung wird die Feuchtigkeit aus dem Stoff ausgetragen, beispielsweise durch Verdampfung.First of all, a method for drying explosives is proposed, in which the explosive contains a certain degree of moisture. However, instead of using any of the conventional methods of drying or heating the explosive, the present invention now proposes exposing the substance to microwave radiation, thereby heating the explosive and the moisture. As a result of this heating, the moisture is removed from the substance, for example by evaporation.
Mikrowellen haben sich deshalb als vorteilhaft erwiesen, da diese einen geringen Energieverbrauch gegenüber herkömmlichen Öfen haben und die Zeit, die der Explosivstoff der Mikrowellenstrahlung ausgesetzt ist, bis ein genügend großer Trocknungsgrad erreicht ist, relativ gering gegenüber herkömmlichen Öfen ist. Die Erhitzung durch Mikrowellen geschieht schneller als in Konvektions- oder Strahlungswärme.Microwaves have proven advantageous because they consume less energy than conventional ovens and the time that the explosive is exposed to microwave radiation until a sufficiently high degree of drying is achieved is relatively short compared to conventional ovens. Microwave heating is faster than convection or radiant heat.
Das Verfahren sowie die Vorrichtung sind nicht auf nur einen Explosivstoff beschränkt, sondern es können beliebige Zusammensetzungen als Explosivstoff getrocknet werden.The method and the device are not limited to just one explosive, but any compositions can be dried as an explosive.
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Tragevorrichtung vorgesehen, auf welcher der Explosivstoff, welcher getrocknet werden soll, aufgebracht wird. Diese Tragevorrichtung begünstigt die Trocknung auf mehrere Arten und Weisen. Entweder kann die Tragevorrichtung selbst erwärmt werden, was den Trocknungsprozess unterstützt oder die Tragevorrichtung ist reflektiv gegenüber Mikrowellenstrahlung ausgestattet, sodass die auf dem zu trocknenden Explosivstoff einwirkende Mikrowellenstrahlung zunächst durch den Stoff hindurchdringt, von der Tragevorrichtung reflektiert wird und dann nochmals durch den zu trocknenden Stoff hindurchdringt. Somit ist durch die Ausgestaltung der Tragevorrichtung nochmals eine Beschleunigung der Trocknung möglich. Die Tragevorrichtung kann zudem auch Strahlungsdurchlässig gestaltet sein, damit Mikrowellen aus verschiedenen Richtungen, auch von unterhalb der Tragevorrichtung auf den Explosivstoff einwirken können.According to the invention, a carrying device is provided on which the explosive that is to be dried is applied. This carrying device favors drying in several ways. Either the carrying device itself can be heated, which supports the drying process, or the carrying device is equipped to reflect microwave radiation, so that the microwave radiation acting on the explosive to be dried first penetrates through the substance, is reflected by the carrying device and then again penetrates through the substance to be dried . Consequently drying is again possible due to the design of the carrying device. The carrying device can also be designed to be radiation-permeable, so that microwaves can act on the explosive from different directions, including from below the carrying device.
Entsprechend dem Verfahren sollte oberhalb des zu trocknenden Explosivstoff genügend Raum sein, damit die Feuchtigkeit bei Erhitzen des Explosivstoffes ausgetragen werden kann, bzw. verdampft werden kann. In diesem Falle steigt die Feuchtigkeit dann in einer entsprechenden Austragungsrichtung aus den Stoffen aus, nämlich nach oben, wie man es von Wasserdampf gewohnt ist.According to the method, there should be enough space above the explosive to be dried so that the moisture can be discharged or evaporated when the explosive is heated. In this case, the moisture then rises from the materials in a corresponding discharge direction, namely upwards, as is usual with water vapour.
Neben dem Verfahren wird durch die vorliegende Erfindung noch eine Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Explosivstoffen vorgeschlagen, wobei wieder Explosivstoff, welcher mit Feuchtigkeit beaufschlagt ist, getrocknet werden soll, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Trockenkammer enthält, in welcher der Stoff getrocknet werden kann. Weiterhin besitzt die Vorrichtung eine Tragevorrichtung, ähnlich zu der vorgenannten Tragevorrichtung des Verfahrens, auf welcher der Stoff gelagert werden kann.In addition to the method, the present invention also proposes a device for drying explosives, in which case explosives to which moisture has been applied are to be dried again, with the device containing a drying chamber in which the substance can be dried. Furthermore, the device has a support, similar to the aforesaid support of the method, on which the fabric can be stored.
Mindestens ein Magnetron wird nun der Trockenkammer zugeordnet, welches Mikrowellenstrahlung in Richtung der Tragevorrichtung und somit in Richtung der zu trocknenden Stoffe erzeugen kann. Es können auch mehrere Magnetrons vorgesehen sein, je nach Ausstattung der Tragevorrichtung auch in unterschiedlichen Wirkrichtungen der Trockenkammer zugeordnet. Somit können die Magnetrons so angeordnet sein, dass Mikrowellenbestrahlung aus mehreren Richtungen auf den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff einwirken kann.At least one magnetron is now assigned to the drying chamber, which can generate microwave radiation in the direction of the carrying device and thus in the direction of the materials to be dried. Several magnetrons can also be provided, depending on the configuration of the carrying device, also assigned to the drying chamber in different effective directions. The magnetrons can thus be arranged in such a way that microwave radiation can act on the explosive to be dried from a number of directions.
Ist die Tragevorrichtung reflektiv gestaltet, wird vorgeschlagen, die Magnetrons lediglich oberhalb oder seitlich der Trockenkammer anzuordnen, sodass die von den Magnetrons ausgesandte Mikrowellenstrahlung hauptsächlich von oben auf den Explosivstoff trifft. Möglicherweise ist aber auch die Tragevorrichtung für Mikrowellenstrahlung durchlässig gestaltet. In diesem Falle können die Magnetrons auch aus allen Richtungen auf den zu trocknenden Stoff wirken, insbesondere auch von unten. Dann würden die von unten ausgesandten Mikrowellenstrahlungen die Tragevorrichtung durchstrahlen und dann auf den zu trocknenden Stoff treffen.If the carrying device is designed to be reflective, it is proposed to arrange the magnetrons only above or to the side of the drying chamber, so that the microwave radiation emitted by the magnetrons primarily strikes the explosive from above. However, the carrying device may also be designed to be transparent to microwave radiation. In this case, the magnetrons can also act on the material to be dried from all directions, especially from below. Then the microwave radiation emitted from below would radiate through the carrying device and then hit the fabric to be dried.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform wird vorgeschlagen, dass mindestens ein Sensor der Trockenkammer zugeordnet ist, um den Zustand innerhalb der Trockenkammer zu erfassen. Diese Sensoren können vorzugsweise Feuchtigkeit messen und/oder Temperaturen messen.In a particular embodiment, it is proposed that at least one sensor be assigned to the drying chamber in order to detect the state inside the drying chamber. These sensors can preferably measure moisture and/or measure temperatures.
Aufgrund dieser Messergebnisse ist dann der Zustand innerhalb der Kammer einfacher einzuschätzen und auch festzustellen, wann eine genügend hohe Trocknung geschehen ist.On the basis of these measurement results, it is then easier to assess the condition inside the chamber and also to determine when sufficient drying has taken place.
Die Tragevorrichtung ist für die Vorrichtung als Transportband ausgeführt, sodass der zu trocknende Explosivstoff durch die Trockenkammer hindurchgeführt werden kann. Dazu besitzt das Transportband eine Transportrichtung und eine Transportgeschwindigkeit. Somit wird auf dem Transportband der zu trocknende Explosivstoff durch die Trockenkammer hindurchgeführt und die Geschwindigkeit des Transportbandes wird dann so eingestellt, dass bei Herausfahren aus der Trocknungskammer der Stoff eine genügend hohe Trockenheit aufweist.The carrying device is designed as a conveyor belt for the device, so that the explosive to be dried can be passed through the drying chamber. For this purpose, the conveyor belt has a transport direction and a transport speed. The explosive substance to be dried is thus guided through the drying chamber on the conveyor belt and the speed of the conveyor belt is then adjusted in such a way that the substance is sufficiently dry when it is driven out of the drying chamber.
Weiterhin ist erfindungsgemäß eine erste Kammer vorgesehen, die der Trockenkammer vorgelagert ist. Dadurch fährt das Transportband nun den Explosivstoff zunächst durch die erste Kammer und danach in die Trockenkammer. Genauso wird in einer Ausführungsform vorgeschlagen, dass eine zweite Kammer der Trockenkammer nachgelagert wird, sodass das Transportband den Stoff, welcher aus der Trockenkammer herausgeführt wird, dann noch durch eine zweite Kammer führt. Durch diese Ausführungsformen ist es möglich, den Explosivstoff vor der Trocknung entsprechend vorzubereiten, bzw. nach der Trocknung nachzubereiten.Furthermore, a first chamber is provided according to the invention, which is upstream of the drying chamber. As a result, the conveyor belt now moves the explosive first through the first chamber and then into the drying chamber. Likewise, in one embodiment it is proposed that a second chamber is located downstream of the drying chamber, so that the conveyor belt then guides the material that is fed out of the drying chamber through a second chamber. These embodiments make it possible to prepare the explosive accordingly before drying, or to post-process it after drying.
So ist es denkbar, den Explosivstoff in der ersten Kammer vorzuwärmen, entweder durch weitere Mikrowellenstrahlungen oder durch konventionelle Wärme. Dann sind Heizelemente in der ersten Kammer vorgesehen. Ebenso ist es möglich, in der zweiten Kammer den aus der Trockenkammer herausfahrenden Explosivstoff abzukühlen, um es anschließend direkt verwenden zu können. Um den Stoff in der zweiten Kammer abkühlen zu können, sind erfindungsgemäß Kühlelemente vorgesehen. Diese Kühlelemente können einfache Lüftungen sein oder aber Klimaelemente, die die komplette zweite Kammer herunterkühlen.So it is conceivable to preheat the explosive in the first chamber, either by further microwave radiation or by conventional heat. Then heating elements are provided in the first chamber. It is also possible to cool down the explosive moving out of the drying chamber in the second chamber so that it can then be used directly. In order to be able to cool the substance in the second chamber, cooling elements are provided according to the invention. These cooling elements can be simple ventilation or air conditioning elements that cool down the entire second chamber.
Die erste und/oder die zweite Kammer können auch den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff einer Adsorption unterziehen. Dabei wird die Oberfläche des Stoffes verändert, um die Mikrowellentrocknung zu optimieren und das Risiko zu minimieren, dass sich der Explosivstoff entzündet.The first and/or the second chamber can also adsorb the explosive to be dried. This involves modifying the surface of the substance to optimize microwave drying and minimize the risk of the explosive igniting.
Je nach zu trocknendem Stoff bzw. Stoffmenge kann die Förderbandgeschwindigkeit variiert werden. Durch diese Variation ist es möglich immer ein optimales Trocknungsergebnis zu erzielen.Depending on the fabric or amount of fabric to be dried, the conveyor belt speed can be varied. This variation makes it possible to always achieve an optimal drying result.
Ebenso ist es möglich, die Wellenlänge und/oder die Leistung der Magnetrons einzustellen. Durch die Einstellung der Wellenlänge ist es möglich gezielt auf einen bestimmten Explosivstoff die optimale Wärmeeinbringung zu gewährleisten, da unterschiedliche Stoffe durch unterschiedliche Wellenlängen unterschiedliche Wärmeerzeugungen hervorrufen. Durch Einstellung der Leistung ist es möglich, ein Trocknungsprofil zu gewährleisten, wenn beispielsweise bei dem Durchfahren des Stoffes auf dem Transportband in der Trockenkammer die Leistung entsprechend der bereits erzielten Wärme herab oder herauf geregelt wird.It is also possible to adjust the wavelength and/or the power of the magnetrons. By adjusting the wavelength, it is possible to ensure the optimum heat input for a specific explosive, since different substances cause different heat generation due to different wavelengths. By adjusting the power, it is possible to ensure a drying profile, for example when the power is increased or decreased according to the heat already achieved when the fabric is driven through on the conveyor belt in the drying chamber.
Damit die ausgetretene Feuchtigkeit nicht innerhalb der Trockenkammer bleibt und weiteren Austritt von Feuchtigkeit erschwert, ist es in einer weiteren Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass Lüftungen in der Trockenkammer zugeordnet werden, die die Luft innerhalb der Trockenkammer nach außerhalb der Trockenkammer transportiert. Optional können diese Lüftungen auch Feuchtigkeitsfilter aufweisen, wenn die Feuchtigkeit aufgefangen werden soll.So that the moisture that has escaped does not remain inside the drying chamber and makes it more difficult for moisture to escape, another embodiment provides for ventilations to be assigned in the drying chamber, which transport the air inside the drying chamber to the outside of the drying chamber. Optionally, these vents can also have moisture filters if the moisture is to be trapped.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, einfachheitshalber die einzelnen Kammern mit Luft zu versehen. Es ist aber auch denkbar, die Kammer und insbesondere die Trockenkammer mit einem anderen Gas als Luft zu füllen, beispielsweise um eventuelle Reaktionen innerhalb des zu trocknenden Explosivstoffes durch die Wärmeeinwirkung zu unterbinden.It is proposed, for the sake of simplicity, to provide the individual chambers with air. However, it is also conceivable to fill the chamber and in particular the drying chamber with a gas other than air, for example in order to prevent any reactions within the explosive to be dried as a result of the effect of heat.
Weiter Merkmale ergeben sich aus dem beigefügten Zeichnungen.Further features result from the attached drawings.
Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens
Figur 2- eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung
- figure 1
- a schematic representation of the method according to the invention
- figure 2
- a schematic representation of the device according to the invention
Dazu wird erfindungsgemäß der Explosivstoff 4 mit einer Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 versehen, die den Explosivstoff 4 und die darin enthaltene Feuchtigkeit 2 erhitzt. Durch diese Erhitzung wird die Feuchtigkeit 2 aus dem Explosivstoff 4 ausgetragen, vorzugsweise durch Verdampfen.For this purpose, according to the invention, the explosive 4 is provided with
Der zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 ist auf einer Tragevorrichtung 5 angeordnet und die Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 wird von oben auf den zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 aufgebracht. Um die Trocknung zu beschleunigen kann dazu die Tragevorrichtung 5 reflektiv gestaltet sein, sodass die Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 zunächst den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 durchdringt, von der Tragevorrichtung 5 reflektiert wird und nochmals den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 durchdringt.The explosive 4 to be dried is arranged on a carrying
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, die Tragvorrichtung 5 strahlungsdurchlässig zu gestalten, sodass nicht nur Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 von oben auf den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 trifft, sondern auch beispielsweise von unten. Dazu durchdringt die Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 zunächst die Tragevorrichtung 5 und trifft dann auf den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4.Alternatively, it is also possible to design the carrying
Durch die Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 wird der zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 erhitzt und auch die darin enthaltene Feuchtigkeit 2 wird erhitzt. Diese Erhitzung geschieht soweit, dass die Feuchtigkeit 2 aus dem Explosivstoff 4 ausgetragen wird. Diese Austragung geschieht vorzugsweise nach oben aus dem Explosivstoff 4 heraus und zwar in Austragungsrichtung 3.The
In
Die Tragevorrichtung 5 wird hierbei durch ein Transportband 11 realisiert, welches in Transportrichtung 10 durch die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Explosivstoff 4 hindurchbewegt. Dazu wird durch das Transportband 11 der Explosivstoff 4 zunächst durch die erste Kammer 12 hindurchtransportiert.The carrying
Diese erste Kammer 12 kann dazu benutzt werden, den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 entsprechend vorzubereiten, bevor es in die Trocknungskammer 13 hineingelangt. Dazu kann beispielsweise durch weitere Magnetrons oder durch Konvektionswärmeelemente den Explosivstoff 4 vorgewärmt werden. Es ist aber auch ebenfalls möglich Mittel zur Adsorption in der ersten Kammer vorzusehen, um die Oberfläche des zu trocknenden Explosivstoffes 4 so vorzubereiten, dass durch Anreicherung von Stoffen an der Oberfläche der Festkörper des Explosivstoffes 4, diese eine bessere Wärmeaufnahme durch die Mikrowellenbestrahlung 1 bekommen oder einen Schutz gegen Entzündung durch die Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 erhalten.This
Nachdem der zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 durch die erste Kammer 12 hindurchtransportiert wurde gelangt er über das Transportband 11 in die Trocknungskammer 13. Die Trocknungskammer 13 ist mit mindestens einem Magnetron 14 ausgestattet, welcher den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 mit Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 beaufschlagen kann.After the explosive 4 to be dried has been transported through the
Durch die Mikrowellenstrahlung 1 wird der zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 erwärmt und durch die Erwärmung wird die in dem Explosivstoff 4 enthaltene Feuchtigkeit 2 aus dem Explosivstoff 4 ausgetragen.The
Zur Überwachung der optimalen Austragung der Feuchtigkeit 2 aus dem Explosivstoff 4 wird vorgeschlagen, die Trockenkammer 13 mit mindestens einem Sensor 15 auszustatten, um die Umgebung innerhalb der Trockenkammer 13 überwachen zu können. Dieser Sensor oder die mehreren Sensoren können dann die Temperatur innerhalb der Trockenkammer 13 überwachen oder aber die Feuchtigkeit 2 innerhalb der Trockenkammer 13. Zur Überwachung der Wärme innerhalb der Trockenkammer 13 wird vorgeschlagen, mindestens ein Pyrometer als Sensor 15 zu nutzen, um die Temperaturmessung auf die Wärmestrahlung zu begrenzen. Nachdem der zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 auf dem Transportband 11 durch die Trockenkammer 13 hindurchtransportiert wurde, gelangt er in die zweite Kammer 16. Diese Kammer kann zur Nachbereitung des zu trocknenden Explosivstoffes 4 verwendet werden. Dazu kann es beispielsweise Kühlelemente beinhalten, um den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 auf Temperaturen herunter zu kühlen, die eine weitere Bearbeitung erlauben. Ebenso könnte aber auch mindestens ein weiterer Adsorber vorgesehen sein, der nochmals die Oberfläche des zu trocknenden Explosivstoffes 4 für die weitere Verwendung bearbeitet.In order to monitor the optimal removal of the
Die Laufgeschwindigkeit des Transportbandes 11 ist hierbei variierbar, um den Trocknungsvorgang und die Aufenthaltsdauer in der Trockenkammer 13 an den jeweiligen zu trocknenden Explosivstoff 4 bzw. die Stoffstärke anzupassen. Ebenso ist die Wellenlänge der Magnetrons 14 variierbar, um auch hier eine Anpassung an den zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 zu gewährleisen. Durch diese Variierbarkeiten ist eine optimale Anpassung auf jeden beliebigen zu trocknende Explosivstoff 4 gewährleistet.The running speed of the
Damit die feuchte Luft aus der Trockenkammer 13 heraus transportiert ist, ist bevorzugterweise eine nicht gezeigte Lüftung vorgesehen, welche die Luft aus der Trockenkammer 13 herausführt. Diese Lüftung kann optional einen Feuchtigkeitsfilter enthalten, wenn nicht gewünscht ist, dass die Feuchtigkeit 2 nach außen dringen soll.So that the moist air is transported out of the drying
Es sind weitere Ausgestaltungen denkbar. So ist beispielsweise denkbar, eine Feldüberwachung in der Trockenkammer vorzusehen, welche die Homogenität der Mikrowellenstrahlung überprüft. Dazu müssen der Trockenkammer entsprechende Sensoren zur Feldüberwachung beigeordnet werden. Weiterhin ist es denkbar, die Leistung der einzelnen Magnetrons über den Weg durch die Trockenkammer zu variieren, sodass ein Trocknungsprofil entsteht. Bei Einbringung des zu trocknenden Explosivstoffes in die Trockenkammer wird dann zunächst wenig Energie ausgeübt, bis zur Mitte des Trockenraumes wird dann die max. notwendige Energie durch den Magnetron auf den zu trocknenden Explosivstoff ausgeübt und beim heraustransportieren dann wieder geringere Energie. Dadurch kann man das Aufheizen des zu trocknenden Explosivstoffes beim Transport durch die Trockenkammer 13 hindurch optimieren. Alternativ kann ein durchgehend homogenes Feld verwendet werden, um einen kontinuierlichen Trocknungsvorgang zu gewährleisten.Further configurations are conceivable. For example, it is conceivable to provide field monitoring in the drying chamber, which checks the homogeneity of the microwave radiation. For this purpose, appropriate sensors for field monitoring must be assigned to the drying chamber. Furthermore, it is conceivable to increase the power of the individual magnetrons over the path through the drying chamber to produce a drying profile. When the explosive to be dried is introduced into the drying chamber, little energy is initially exerted, up to the middle of the drying chamber the maximum necessary energy is then exerted by the magnetron on the explosive to be dried and then less energy when it is transported out. As a result, the heating of the explosive to be dried during transport through the drying
Ausserhalb des Schutzumfanges der Ansprüche kann statt einemTransportband auch ein Befüll- oder Dosiertransportsystem verwendet werden, um eine chargenweise Trocknung zu gewährleisten. Zuletzt kann auch eine Mischung aus mehreren Explosivstoffen in einem Trocknungsvorgang getrocknet werden.Outside the scope of protection of the claims, a filling or dosing transport system can also be used instead of a conveyor belt in order to ensure drying in batches. Finally, a mixture of several explosives can also be dried in one drying process.
- 11
- Mikrowellenstrahlungmicrowave radiation
- 22
- Feuchtigkeithumidity
- 33
- Austragungsrichtungdischarge direction
- 44
- Explosivstoffexplosive
- 55
- Tragevorrichtungcarrying device
- 1010
- Transportrichtungtransport direction
- 1111
- Transportbandconveyor belt
- 1212
- Erste KammerFirst chamber
- 1313
- Trockenkammerdrying chamber
- 1414
- Magnetronmagnetron
- 1515
- Sensorsensor
- 1616
- Zweite Kammersecond chamber
Claims (12)
- Method for drying an explosive (4),wherein the explosive (4) contains moisture (2),wherein microwave radiation (1) is generated by means of at least one magnetron (14),characterised in that,firstly, the explosive (4) is heated by means of convention heat elements or by means of additional magnetrons (14) in a first chamber (12) and, subsequently,the explosive (4) is exposed to microwave radiation (1) in a drying chamber (13),wherein the explosive (4) is conveyed through the first chamber (12) and then through the drying chamber (13) by means of a transport belt (11) as a carrying device (5), as a result of which the explosive (4) and the moisture (2) are heatedand the moisture (2) is removed from the explosive (4) on account of the heating.
- Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the explosive (4) is arranged on a carrying device (5) which reflects the microwave radiation (1).
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the removal takes place by means of evaporation, wherein the moisture (2) is removed from the explosive (4) in a removal direction (3).
- Device for drying an explosive (4),wherein the explosive (4) contains moisture (2),comprising a drying chamber (13) in which the explosive (4) is dried,comprising a carrying device (5) on which the explosive (4) is supported,wherein the drying chamber (13) is assigned at least one magnetron (14) via which the explosive (4) is exposed to microwave radiation (1), characterisedin that the carrying device (5) is designed as a transport belt (11) which has a first transport direction (10),in that a first chamber (12) is arranged upstream of the drying chamber (13), such that the transport belt (11) firstly conveys the explosive (4) through the first chamber (12) and then through the drying chamber (13),and in that heating of the explosive (4) is provided in the first chamber (12) by means of convection heat elements or by means of additional magnetrons (14).
- Device according to claim 4, characterised in that the drying chamber (13) is assigned at least one sensor (15) which allows for moisture and/or temperature measurement.
- Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that a second chamber (16) is arranged downstream of the drying chamber (13), such that the transport belt (11) conveys the explosive (4) through the second chamber (16) after the drying chamber (13).
- Device according to claim 6, characterised in that cooling of the explosive (4) is provided in the second chamber (16) by means of cooling elements.
- Device according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the running speed of the transport belt (11) is variable.
- Device according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the wavelength of the magnetrons (14) is variable.
- Device according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterised in that at least one vent is provided, which can discharge the air in the drying chamber (13) to the outside of the drying chamber (13).
- Device according to claim 10, characterised in that the vent comprises at least one moisture filter.
- Device according to any of claims 4 to 11, characterised in that adsorption means are provided in the first and/or second chamber (12, 16).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102017102271.6A DE102017102271B4 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2017-02-06 | Method and device for drying explosives |
PCT/EP2018/051857 WO2018141630A1 (en) | 2017-02-06 | 2018-01-25 | Method and device for drying an explosive |
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EP3577095A1 EP3577095A1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
EP3577095B1 true EP3577095B1 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
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US (1) | US11293692B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3577095B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20190109430A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2018216777B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3044956C (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017102271B4 (en) |
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WO2018141630A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
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