EP3569948B1 - Ventilation device - Google Patents

Description

field of invention

The invention relates to a ventilation device for ventilating and ventilating a room. Such a ventilation device comprises a wall sleeve for connecting an inside of a room to an outside. The outside is understood to mean an external environment outside the building in which the space in question that is to be ventilated is located. The ventilation device also includes a sound-insulating element, which consists of a sound-absorbing material, and an axial fan, which can be operated in at least two operating states with opposite air conveying directions for conveying supply air from the outside to the inside of the room and for conveying exhaust air from the inside of the room to the outside is. The axial fan is placed in the wall sleeve, i.e. in the space enclosed by the wall sleeve. Finally, the ventilation device also includes a heat accumulator arranged between the axial fan and the outside in the wall sleeve.

State of the art

Such systems have been known in the prior art for some time. Such ventilation devices are used, for example, in modern apartment and house construction for the ventilation of rooms or rooms in single and multi-family houses. These are decentralized ventilation devices that only ventilate individual rooms and can therefore be built quite compactly. In contrast to this, central ventilation devices are dimensioned much larger, since they have to ventilate a large number of rooms at the same time. Different requirements are placed on such central arrangements than on decentralized arrangements: Central arrangements have to achieve higher air flows and usually also have larger fans and longer ones routes of transport. On the other hand, decentralized ventilation devices that only ventilate individual rooms can be built compact. The diameters of ventilation devices that can be used for such purposes are usually in the range between about 100 mm and 300 mm. The ventilation devices are used, for example, as part of energy saving measures for efficient ventilation or fresh air supply, including in passive houses.

Since the devices for ventilation are placed decentrally in the house, more or less clear noise emissions can be heard in the rooms. On the one hand, noise emissions that emanate from the device itself, i.e. in particular the axial fan, and on the other hand, external noise can also penetrate the room .

Various solutions are already known in the prior art for reducing noise emissions and the passage of noise in ventilation devices. In the U.S. 3,949,830 a noise damper for a central ventilation device is described in which, among other things, a cylindrical core element is arranged axially in the air duct. A lining with sound-absorbing material is also provided on the outside of the air duct in the area of the cylindrical core element. The silencer forms part of an air duct for central ventilation and therefore only extends over a short length of the air duct compared to its total length. However, the inner core element reduces the size of the air duct, which rules out a transfer to decentralized systems with usually weaker fans, as this impedes the air flow and reduces efficiency. In addition, the air duct length of the decentralized ventilation systems is so short that an element such as that in the U.S. 3,949,830 described, could hardly be accommodated or only shortened so much that its effect would be negligible.

In the EP 0 990 859 A2 a ventilation device is described which has a housing element which is acoustically connected to the interior of the housing which accommodates the heat accumulator and the axial fan and which consists of a material with sound-absorbing properties. The one in the EP 0 990 859 A2 ventilation device described consists of several parts. It initially has an outer housing, which in turn also consists of several parts. The outermost layer of the housing is enclosed by the building wall. The sound-absorbing housing element connects to the inside, which in turn is connected to an inner housing. This inner housing has a large number of openings which are used for the acoustic connection of the air duct which is enclosed by the inner housing. The sound waves arrive according to EP 0 990 859 A2 to the sound absorbing surface of the sound absorbing case member. The sound-absorbing housing element can be formed, for example, by a sound-absorbing bulk material and the inner housing as a lattice structure. The drawings of EP 0 990 859 A2 it can be seen that the openings and the ribs of the grid both in the axial direction and in the tangential direction, ie are dimensioned approximately the same on the circumference of the inner housing. The central area around the axis of rotation of the axial fan is also surrounded by a sleeve in the axial direction, in which on the one hand the drive unit of the axial fan and on the other hand also electronic components, control elements and control elements that are necessary for controlling and regulating the ventilation and ventilation system , are accommodated. This sleeve can be surrounded by a shell made of a sound-absorbing material, which can also be reinforced with a lattice structure or a perforated sheet-like part; in contrast to the inner housing, this reinforcement is optional here. Sheet metal ribs are essential for efficient sound absorption, which also serve as sound-conducting elements and heat storage elements and are arranged between the shell around the central area and the inner housing tilted in the axial direction about this axis in order to redirect sound waves to the openings in the inner housing or the shell manage the central area. The sound-conducting elements themselves can have a micro-perforation and further reduce the sound.

The one in the EP 0 990 859 A2 The aeration and ventilation system described has a complex structure.

In order to be effectively absorbed, the sound waves must come into contact through the openings of the inner housing with the sound-absorbing housing element, which adjoins the outside of the inner housing. Since the air flow is in principle not directed onto these openings, but is guided past them axially, sound guide elements are required for efficient noise reduction, which direct the air in the direction of the openings. However, this also slows down the air flow or greatly reduces the sound pressure, so that the efficiency of the ventilation is reduced.

the EP 3 168 544 A1 discloses a ventilation device for aerating and venting a room, comprising a wall sleeve, a heat accumulator and an axial fan according to the preamble of claim 1.

Otherwise, in decentralized ventilation systems, duct inserts made of a material that absorbs sound to a good extent are used, which do not extend over the entire length and reduce the diameter. However, reducing the duct cross-section or using separate components that result in a noise reduction through targeted flow deflection also leads to a reduction in the air volume flow.

Description of the invention

The object of the invention is therefore to further develop a ventilation device of the type described at the outset in such a way that on the one hand the most efficient possible damping of noise from the outside and noise generated by the axial fan is reduced, on the other hand the structure should be kept as simple as possible and should not impair the air flow, ie the sound should be absorbed as well as possible without reducing the air volume flow.

According to the invention, a ventilation device with the features of claim 1 is proposed to solve the above object. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. According to the invention, it is provided that the soundproofing element is designed as a soundproofing sleeve, which is fitted into the wall sleeve with regard to its external dimensions, including the length. The sound insulation sleeve has a sleeve inner surface which defines the outer boundary of an air duct for the passage of air between the inside of the room and the outside over its entire longitudinal extent; the axial fan and the heat accumulator are fixed in the sound insulation sleeve through a connection to it. The material used for the sound insulation sleeve preferably has such a high strength that it is not deformed or only slightly deformed under the mechanical load with the weight of the axial fan, the heat accumulator and any other components, i.e. deformations due to the mass of in the sound insulation sleeve arranged components are prevented. In addition, the heat accumulator consists of a ceramic material and has a multiplicity of straight channels which are separated from one another by walls and which extend in a known manner along a flow direction predetermined by the axial fan and the wall sleeve. In contrast to the fan described above with separately arranged sound-conducting elements, which is regarded as the closest prior art, the ventilation device according to the invention uses standardized ceramic heat accumulators, as are well known in the prior art in connection with decentralized ventilation devices. The use of additional sound-conducting elements, which also take on the function of a heat accumulator, can be completely dispensed with in the present invention: the sound-insulating sleeve has a sleeve inner surface which forms the outer boundary of the air duct, in contrast to the closest prior art, where between the soundproofing element and the air duct there is an inner, apertured housing. However, tests have shown that very good soundproofing can also be achieved without such additional measures and sound-conducting elements if there are no additional latticed or perforated layers of material between the inner surface of the soundproofing sleeve and the air duct.

The shape of the sound insulation sleeve is expediently adapted to the shape of the wall sleeve, for example square or, in particular, circular cross sections are particularly suitable. In the case of a square cross-section of the soundproofing sleeve, the inner surface of the sleeve is composed of several abutting sub-surfaces; in the case of a circular cross-section of the soundproofing sleeve, there is only one surface. In addition, the inner surface of the sleeve can also have a cross section that differs from the outer surface of the soundproofing sleeve and the wall sleeve. The latter can be square, for example, while the sleeve inner surface has a circular cross-section having.

The inner surface of the sleeve forms the outer boundary of the air duct, i.e. there is no further housing with openings or any other structure between the inner surface of the sleeve and the air duct which partially covers the inner surface of the sleeve. The inner surface of the sleeve defines the air duct over its entire longitudinal extent, notwithstanding the fact that the axial fan, the heat accumulator and, if necessary, other elements such as fins are arranged in the air duct and connected to the sound insulation sleeve. These connections can be made, for example, via adhesive layers as a one-way connection, but reversible, detachable connections, for example by screws, are more maintenance-friendly. However, in order not to destroy the surface of the inner surface of the sleeve, the components that are inserted into the soundproofing sleeve are preferably connected to it in a non-positive manner, particularly preferably by means of an interference fit, which is also referred to as a press fit. For this purpose, the components - for example axial fans, heat accumulators and tail units - can be provided on their outer circumference with a sealing strip a few mm to about one cm thick, which is elastic, i.e. reversibly deformable. On the one hand, this creates a sufficiently stable, non-positive connection to the sound insulation sleeve, but it is also possible to manually remove the components from the sound insulation sleeve for maintenance or replacement without tools.

In order not to reduce the diameter of the air duct compared to ventilation devices without a soundproofing element, which are known per se, the dimensions of the wall sleeve - in the case of a cylindrical wall sleeve, its diameter - are increased by the dimensions of the soundproof sleeve, so that the inner surface of the sleeve of the soundproof sleeve has the same dimensions as a wall sleeve in a ventilation device without a sound insulation sleeve. In this way, axial fans and heat accumulators, which are offered in certain graded cross-section sizes, can continue to be used, only the wall openings have to be correspondingly larger. The sound insulation sleeve is preferably received with a precise fit by the wall sleeve in relation to the cross section. It can be glued to the wall sleeve, for example, at points or over a large area, or it can be non-positively connected to it if the sound insulation sleeve has a slight oversize fit—also referred to as a press fit. The interference fit is also understood as fitting into the wall sleeve. This also secures the sound insulation sleeve against displacements in the axial direction. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sound insulation sleeve is secured against axial displacement relative to the wall installation sleeve by two sound insulation sleeve cover caps placed on the open ends of the wall installation sleeve, and the ends of the sound insulation sleeve are thereby protected against external influences. In conjunction with a precisely fitting cut - which basically allows axial displacement with little effort - the use of sound insulation sleeve cover caps makes it easier to replace the sound insulation sleeve and increases the ease of maintenance. The sound insulation sleeve cover caps can be force and/or or be positively connected to the wall sleeve and/or screwed to the wall. They can, for example, be ring-shaped; what is important is that they do not or only insignificantly narrow the air duct defined by the inner surface of the sleeve, for example by enclosing the edge of the inner surface of the sleeve in the manner of a cover.

The sound insulation sleeve is preferably not only fitted into the wall installation sleeve in terms of cross section, but also in terms of length, i.e. the length of the sound insulation sleeve almost corresponds to the length of the wall installation sleeve, apart from areas of the wall installation sleeve that are negligibly small compared to the total length of the wall installation sleeve, which may are needed, for example to attach protective covers to the outside. Since practically the entire length of the wall sleeve is used for the soundproofing sleeve, the soundproofing is particularly efficient.

The soundproofing sleeve is preferably made in one piece from a soundproofing material. For example, the sound insulation sleeves can be cut to length from a prefabricated pipe.

Open-pored foams or foams are particularly suitable as materials for the sound insulation sleeve, since these can absorb the sound to a high degree. Foam with closed pores can also be used, but has a lower degree of sound absorption. For example, an open-pore foam based on melamine (cyanuric acid triamide base) can be used as the material for the soundproofing sleeve.

To protect against contamination, in particular by bacteria, the soundproofing sleeve is preferably covered with an antibacterial protective film, at least on the inner surface of the sleeve. In the case of an open-pored foam, the pores are not closed by this protective film, the protective film follows the surface of the foam. In addition, the inner surface of the sleeve can then be cleaned more easily, and the components can also be removed more easily for maintenance, since the sliding properties are improved.

In general, the materials that are used for the sound insulation sleeve should have the largest possible surface area on the inner surface of the sleeve, which can be achieved, for example, by pores, a high level of roughness or a fraying structure. On the other hand, however, the material must have such a strength that it allows the axial fan and the heat accumulator to be securely fixed to it. In particular, the axial fan with the impeller rotating during operation must be able to be fixed in such a way that vibration or displacement due to the forces generated by the rotation is prevented.

It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those still to be explained below can be used not only in the specified combinations, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Brief description of the drawing

The invention is explained in more detail below, for example with reference to the attached drawing, which also discloses features that are essential to the invention. It shows
1 a longitudinal section through a ventilation device for ventilation of a room with a soundproofing element.

Detailed description of the drawing

1 shows a longitudinal section through a ventilation device for the ventilation of a room. This ventilation device comprises a wall sleeve 1 for connecting an inside of the room to an outside.

The ventilation device is inserted with the wall sleeve 1 in a wall 2, the wall 2 separating the inside of the room from the outside, which is usually part of an outdoor outdoor environment. In 1 the inside of the room is to the left of the wall, and the outside is to the right of the wall. To protect against dirt and the ingress of larger foreign bodies or birds, the ventilation device has an outer covering cap 3 on its outside. On the inside of the room, the ventilation device is protected by an inner cover cap 4 and a ventilation grille 5. The inclination of the inner cover cap 4 can be adjusted, for example in order to direct the incoming air in a targeted manner in different spatial directions. The ventilation device shown here in longitudinal section can have a round or angular profile in cross section, for example; in the following, a round profile in cross section is assumed as an example. The wall sleeve 1 is tubular in this case. The inside of the wall sleeve 1 is lined with a soundproofing element made of a sound-absorbing material, namely a soundproofing sleeve 6 , the length of the soundproofing sleeve 6 being fitted into the wall sleeve 1 . This adjustment lengthwise is not absolutely necessary, but—as in the example shown here—advantageous in order to achieve the most efficient soundproofing possible, which is all the better the longer the path covered by the sound waves in the soundproofing sleeve 6 is. At least, however, the sound insulation sleeve 6 is fitted into the wall sleeve 1 in terms of its external dimensions, ie in terms of its external diameter, either with an exact fit or with an oversize fit. The soundproofing sleeve 6 is designed here in one piece, but it can also be composed of several sections if it simplifies production. The sound insulation sleeve 6 has a Sleeve inner surface 7, which defines the perimeter of an air duct for the passage of air between the inside of the room and the outside. Materials that are particularly suitable for the soundproofing sleeve 6 are those that have a large, irregularly shaped surface, such as foam materials with pores or micropores, or materials with a large number of fibers on their surface. An open-pore foam based on cyanuric acid triamide, also referred to as melamine, is particularly suitable, for example. The foam is then flame retardant, abrasive and temperature resistant. The sound insulation sleeve 6 is preferably covered or sealed at least on the inner surface 7 of the sleeve with an antibacterial protective film, with the pores remaining open.

The sleeve inner surface 7 defines the outer boundary of an air duct, i.e. between the sleeve inner surface 7 and the air duct there is no further layer of any material which would further reduce the size of the air duct. The components arranged in the wall sleeve 1 - i.e. in the space it encompasses - and essential for operation - an axial fan with blades 8 and a stator housing 9, a heat accumulator 10 and optionally two tail units 11, 12 - are specifically fixed in the sound insulation sleeve 6 . The axial fan and the heat accumulator 10, like the tail units 11, 12, are fixed in the sound insulation sleeve 6 by a connection thereto. This connection can be reversible or irreversible. For example, the components can be glued to the sleeve inner surface 7 via corresponding contact surfaces or screwed to it. However, the arrangement of the components inside the sound insulation sleeve 6 is not detrimental to the fact that the sleeve inner surface 7 forms the outer boundary of the air duct, i.e. the air has the possibility over the entire area of the sleeve inner surface 7 apart from the areas where components are arranged to contact and interact with this surface, resulting in sound insulation.

The axial fan with the stator housing 9 and the blades 8 can be operated in at least two operating states with opposite air conveying directions. One operating mode is used to convey supply air from the outside to the inside of the room, in the other operating mode exhaust air is conveyed from the inside of the room to the outside. The ventilation device and in particular the axial fan can be operated in reverse. The ventilation device can be connected to a controller, which in turn can be connected to temperature and/or air humidity sensors, so that the ventilation device can also be used to dehumidify rooms.

The heat accumulator 10, which acts as a heat exchanger, is arranged in the sound insulation sleeve 6 between the axial fan and the outside of the room. Will this one with air flows through it, it takes on the temperature of the air with a constant flow. For example, if cooler air is drawn in from the outside, the heat accumulator 10 cools down. If warmer air is then blown outwards from the inside, the heat accumulator 10 cools this air down, but heats it up at the same time. If the flow direction is reversed again, the heat accumulator 10 then acts like a heat exchanger, it heats the sucked-in air and cools itself down in the process. The heat accumulator 10 consists of a ceramic material and has a multiplicity of channels which are separated from one another by walls and which extend along a flow direction predetermined by the axial fan and the wall sleeve 1 . Ceramic heat accumulators are particularly advantageous because, in addition to having a high heat capacity, they are also resistant to nucleation, provided they are not permanently exposed to moisture and are dried by heating at regular intervals. In order to avoid the formation of nuclei, the ceramic heat accumulator 10 has insulation 13 on its outer circumference. The insulation 13 of the heat accumulator 10 on the one hand prevents thermal cooling via the outer wall and on the other hand this allows tolerances in the wall sleeve to be compensated: In practice, it often happens that when the wall sleeve is foamed into the wall, the round geometry is damaged by excessive pressure, the created by foaming is changed to a slightly oval geometry. This can be compensated by the insulating layer.

Preferred - as in in 1 realized example shown - is the ventilation device with two tail units 11, 12 equipped. The fin 11 arranged between the axial fan and the heat accumulator 10 serves to compensate for the radial swirl of air flowing out of the room. The fin 12 arranged between the axial fan and the inside of the room serves to increase the pressure build-up and the air volume flow of air flowing into the room.

By equipping a ventilation device with a soundproofing element, as described above, the sound emission can be significantly reduced and the passage of sound significantly reduced. Since the active and passive components are arranged and fixed in the sound insulation sleeve 6, there are no dead areas or losses for the volume flow. Previously used heat accumulators, axial fans and fins can continue to be used since the diameter of the soundproofing sleeve 6 corresponds to the diameter of a previously known wall sleeve for ventilation devices without soundproofing sleeves 6 . A conversion and retrofitting of existing systems is therefore possible in principle without great effort. Only a larger wall sleeve 1 has to be used, so the opening through the wall into which the ventilation device is inserted has to be larger.

Reference List

1

wall sleeve

2

Wall

3

outer cap

4

inner cap

5

ventilation grille

6

sound insulation sleeve

7

sleeve inner surface

8th

shovel

9

stator housing

10

heat accumulator

11, 12

empennage

13

insulating layer

Claims (7)

1. A ventilation device for aerating and deaerating a room, comprising:

   - a wall installation sleeve (1) for connecting an inside of the room with an outside,

   - an axial fan arranged in the wall installation sleeve (1), said axial fan being operable in at least two operating states with opposite air conveying directions for conveying supply air from the outside to the inside of the room and for conveying exhaust air from the inside of the room to the outside,

   - a heat accumulator (10) arranged between the axial fan and the outside in the wall installation sleeve (1),
   wherein

   - the heat accumulator (10) is made of a ceramic material and has a plurality of straight channels separated from each other by walls and extending along a flow direction predetermined by the axial fan and the wall installation sleeve (1),

   characterized in that the ventilation device comprises a soundproofing element consisting of a sound-absorbing material,

   wherein

   - the soundproofing element is designed as a soundproofing sleeve (6) which is fitted into the wall installation sleeve (1) with respect to its outer dimensions including its length,

   - wherein the soundproofing sleeve (6) has an inner sleeve surface (7) defining over its entire longitudinal extent the outer boundary of an air channel for the passage of air between the inside of the room and the outside, and wherein the axial fan and the heat accumulator (10) are fixed in the soundproofing sleeve (6) by a connection thereto.
2. The ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundproofing sleeve (6) is formed in one piece.
3. The ventilation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the material of the soundproofing sleeve (6) has a strength that prevents deformations due to the mass of components arranged in the soundproofing sleeve.
4. The ventilation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the soundproofing sleeve (6) is secured against axial displacement relative to the wall installation sleeve (1) by two soundproofing sleeve cover caps placed on the open ends of the wall installation sleeve (1).
5. The ventilation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the axial fan and the heat accumulator (10) are connected to the soundproofing sleeve (6) by adhesion, preferably by means of an elastically deformable sealing strip.
6. The ventilation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the material for the soundproofing sleeve (6) is a closed-cell or an open-cell foam, preferably cyanuric acid triamide-based.
7. The ventilation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the soundproofing sleeve (6) is coated with an antibacterially acting protective film at least on the inner sleeve surface (7).

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