EP3566897A1 - Energy system for a motor vehicle and method for charging an electrical energy storage device - Google Patents

Energy system for a motor vehicle and method for charging an electrical energy storage device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3566897A1
EP3566897A1 EP19164809.6A EP19164809A EP3566897A1 EP 3566897 A1 EP3566897 A1 EP 3566897A1 EP 19164809 A EP19164809 A EP 19164809A EP 3566897 A1 EP3566897 A1 EP 3566897A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy storage
charging
electrical
partial
electrical energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19164809.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roman Strasser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP3566897A1 publication Critical patent/EP3566897A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy system for a motor vehicle and to a method for charging at least one electrical energy store of the energy system.
  • Electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles each have at least one electrical energy storage, which serves as a traction battery and stores electrical energy that converts an electrical machine of the motor vehicle into drive power. In order to maximize the range of the vehicle, the largest possible charging capacity of the electrical energy storage is desired.
  • such a motor vehicle has at least one electrical charging interface, d. H. at least one electrical connection.
  • the motor vehicle can be coupled to a stationary, electrical charging station to charge the energy storage of the motor vehicle.
  • Electric vehicles known from practice as well as hybrid vehicles have an electrical charging interface designed as a charging socket in order to couple the motor vehicle to a stationary, electrical charging station for charging the electrical energy store via a charging cable.
  • the energy storage unit of the vehicle parked ready for charging is connected to the external energy source for charging by means of a charging cable.
  • the object of the invention has been found to provide a method for charging an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, and to provide a control device for carrying out the method and an energy system for a motor vehicle, with the aid of which the charging process can be shortened.
  • the DE 10 2013 102 576 A1 discloses a control device and a method for charging an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle.
  • the electrical energy store is simultaneously charged via at least two electrical charging interfaces and thus simultaneously via at least two electrical connections.
  • a charging station with at least two electrical connections or two charging stations each having an electrical connection are used.
  • the DE 10 2011 010 227 A1 discloses a motor vehicle with an energy storage unit for electrical energy.
  • the energy storage unit is subdivided into individual blocks, wherein each of the individual blocks is assigned a charging connection element, so that the blocks can be charged separately and simultaneously by an external energy source.
  • the invention relates to a method for charging at least one electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, wherein the energy storage for the duration of the charging process divided into at least two equal partial energy storage and these are connected in series.
  • the at least one electrical energy store comprises a number of cells or cell modules which can be subdivided or subdivided into at least two partial energy storages comprising at least one electrical cell or a cell module, and wherein the partial energy storages can optionally be connected in parallel or in series ,
  • the electrical energy store of a motor vehicle for a charging process is divided into at least two identical partial energy stores (blocks), which are connected in series. This results in a multiplication of the output voltage of the electrical energy storage and thus the maximum applicable charging voltage. As a result, a particularly fast charging process for the electrical energy storage of the motor vehicle is possible.
  • the energy storage unit is subdivided into at least two individual blocks, or the electrical cells or cell modules belonging to the energy storage unit are grouped into at least two blocks each comprising at least one electrical cell or one cell module.
  • the energy storage unit is divided into two equal blocks.
  • the energy storage unit is divided into three equal blocks.
  • the energy storage unit is divided into four equal blocks.
  • the at least one electrical energy store is divided into n equal partial energy stores, where n is an integer greater than 2.
  • each block when grouped into two blocks, each block may comprise 30 cells, and when divided into three blocks, each block may comprise 20 cells, and when divided into four blocks, each block may comprise 15 cells.
  • the blocks are connected in series.
  • a charging time reduction results therefore essentially from the fact that for charging a much higher charging voltage can be used when the blocks are connected in series, as when they are connected in parallel.
  • the charge voltage can be n times the charge voltage of a single partial energy store. For a given maximum charging current, this also results in n times the charging power.
  • the at least one energy store is divided into partial energy stores as a function of a charging voltage available for the charging process.
  • the sum of the rated voltages of the partial energy storage is less than or equal to the available charging voltage.
  • the electrical energy store of the motor vehicle has two partial energy stores.
  • the partial energy storage devices can be electrically connected via switching devices to form a parallel circuit or can be electrically connected to a series connection.
  • a control device can control the switching devices.
  • the electric partial energy storage are connected in parallel via the switching devices.
  • the partial energy storage are connected via the switching device to a series circuit. With two each designed as batteries with 400 V rated voltage partial energy storage results in the series circuit, an energy storage with 800 V nominal voltage. After completion of the charging process, the partial energy storage devices are switched in parallel again via the switching devices.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical energy store has a first partial energy store and a second partial energy store, which are galvanically separated from one another in the motor vehicle and form part of a so-called multi-machine concept.
  • the first partial energy storage for driving a front axle of the motor vehicle and the second partial energy storage for driving a rear axle of the motor vehicle can be used.
  • the two partial energy storage devices are connected in series to charge the energy storage device and are again galvanically separated after the end of the charging process.
  • the two partial energy storage devices can be designed, for example, as low-voltage batteries. By closing the switching device, the two low-voltage batteries can be connected in series for charging, wherein the electrical energy storage is then advantageously designed as a high-voltage battery.
  • a high-voltage battery is understood here to mean a battery which provides a voltage between 700 V and 900 V, in particular 800 V.
  • a low-voltage battery is understood here to be a battery which provides a voltage between 350 V and 450 V, in particular 400 V.
  • a dynamic subdivision of the energy store is provided, wherein the subdivision of the energy store in dependence on the performance characteristics of the external energy source used during the charging process, for. B. the available maximum charging voltage or the maximum charging current takes place.
  • the electrical energy storage is connected for charging via a charging interface with an external power source, such as a charging station or a charging station, which can provide a charging voltage corresponding to the product of the number of partial energy storage in the electrical energy storage and the rated voltage of the individual partial energy storage.
  • an external power source such as a charging station or a charging station
  • the invention is particularly advantageous if the electrical energy store to be charged has a voltage level which corresponds at most to half the maximum charging voltage of the respective external energy source (charging station).
  • the electrical energy storage to be charged can have a voltage level of about 400 V and the charging station a voltage level of about 800 V.
  • the time required for charging an electrical energy storage device can be shortened.
  • the at least one electrical energy store comprises at least one traction battery of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
  • the subject matter of the invention is also an energy system for a motor vehicle, which comprises at least one electrical energy store which is set up to be reversibly divided into at least two identical partial energy stores connected in series; and a charging interface connected to the energy store for charging the at least one electrical energy store by means of an external energy source providing electrical energy.
  • the energy system has at least one, a number of electrical cells or cell modules comprehensive energy storage for electrical energy.
  • the energy storage can be connected for charging via a charging interface with an electrical energy-providing external energy source, eg. B. by means of a charging cable when the motor vehicle is in a ready to charge state.
  • the charging interface can be a charging interface, to which a DC charging station can be connected via a corresponding charging cable; or a charging interface in which an AC charging station can be connected via a charging cable.
  • the charging interface can be a charging socket, via which a rotary voltage charging station can be connected via the charging cable.
  • the charging interface can be coupled to an induction charging station:
  • the induction charging station generates a magnetic field, via which the motor vehicle can be coupled contactlessly via the charging interface to the charging station in order to charge the electrical energy store.
  • the charging stations used for charging the energy store can have different types of voltage, for example AC voltage and DC voltage, and / or different maximum charging voltages and / or different maximum charging currents. Furthermore, can wired charging stations or charging stations with non-contact charging interfaces are used.
  • control unit is assigned to the at least one electrical energy store, which is used to divide the at least one electrical energy store into partial energy stores, ie. H. for dividing the number of electrical cells or cell modules of the energy storage into blocks and for optionally parallel or serial interconnection of the partial energy storage (blocks) is set up.
  • the control device can make the subdivision of the energy storage unit into individual blocks depending on various parameters or on the basis of a predetermined or, if appropriate, by an operator, predeterminable scheme.
  • the control device may also be designed to control electrical switching devices which are set up to switch at least two blocks of the energy store in parallel or in series. As already mentioned, the control device controls or regulates the charging of the electrical energy store.
  • control device is configured to dynamically subdivide the energy storage cells or cell modules into individual blocks, or to combine the electrical cells or cell modules as desired into individual blocks.
  • control device is designed to control, in particular electrical, contacts or switching means, via which the electrical cells or cell modules of the energy store can be interconnected in any desired manner into blocks.
  • the controller is connected to a communication device configured to communicate with an external power source and to charge coordinate.
  • the external energy source for example, a value for a charging voltage.
  • the communication device communicates with the external energy source and the control device of the electrical energy storage. As a result, a reliable charging of the electrical energy storage can be ensured.
  • the energy system has a detection device which communicates with the control device and which is set up to detect a connection of the charging interface to an external energy source and, if appropriate, to detect the network capacity of the external energy source.
  • the energy system communicates with the control device detecting means for detecting a connection of the charging interface with an external power source, for. B. a charging station, wherein the control device is adapted to make a subdivision of the energy storage in blocks depending on the detection result supplied by the detection device. Detects the detection device connected to the charging interface external power source, eg. B. a charging station, the controller performs a subdivision of the energy storage in blocks.
  • the detection device is set up with detected connection of an external power source with the charging interface for detecting the network capacity of the external power source
  • the control device is adapted to perform a subdivision of the energy storage into blocks depending on the detection result supplied by the detection device , According to the control device one of the respective external energy source individually adapted division of the energy storage in blocks or grouping of the electrical cells or cell modules is possible, so that an optimal charging strategy of the energy storage can be created and executed.
  • the Network capacity can be detected via corresponding, communicating with the detection device sensors.
  • the control device divides the energy store into two blocks of equal size. The same applies if the charging voltage is three times or four times the rated voltage of the energy storage, that is, the energy storage is divided dynamically, taking into account the charging voltage available from the connected external power source.
  • the detection device communicating with the control device can be designed to detect the state of charge of the energy store and / or the respective blocks and / or the electrical cells or cell modules and to output at least one piece of information concerning the respective charge state. Accordingly, an operator is always informed about the current state of charge of the energy store or the respective blocks and / or the electrical cells or cell modules.
  • the information signal may also include information about the expected charging time or charging duration or by charging approximately resulting costs, ie, information that may be before or during charging of the energy storage for an operator of interest.
  • the detection device is also designed to detect the operability of the energy store and / or the charging interface connected to the energy store and optionally a charging cable and depending on the detection result for outputting an information signal to an operator. It is thus possible to provide an operator with information as to whether a charging process is fundamentally possible, that is to say information about the operability or operational readiness of all components that are directly or indirectly affected by the charging process, in particular electrical contacts. electrical connections between the external energy source and the energy storage device and / or electrical connections between the energy storage device and the components of the motor vehicle supplied with this by electrical energy.
  • the test of the functionality and the output of the information signal after loading ready parking of the motor vehicle is performed automatically.
  • the functionality test may additionally be repeated one or more times during the charging process.
  • the information signal can be output via at least one motor vehicle-side output device.
  • Motor vehicle side installed output means can, for. B. output means in the region of the charging connection elements, z. B. optical display means, such as light-emitting diodes, or even in the interior of the motor vehicle installed output means, such as displays or speakers.
  • the information signal is radio-like transmitted via a radio link between a motor vehicle side transmitting device and a user-side receiving device to an operator, the information signal is thus not output to the motor vehicle itself, but transmitted from this via a transmitting device to a user-side receiving device.
  • the user-side receiving device may be part of a user-side, especially mobile transmitting and receiving device, such.
  • the information signal to be transmitted may be acoustic and / or optical in nature.
  • a haptic output, such as vibrations, is conceivable.
  • the energy store is preferably assigned to the drive unit of the motor vehicle, in particular an electric motor designed as a drive unit.
  • the motor vehicle is preferably to be regarded as at least partially electrically powered motor vehicle, that is as a Hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle, eg. B. a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a fuel cell vehicle.
  • BEV battery electric vehicle
  • the energy storage may be associated with other components of the motor vehicle in exceptions, for example, installed in a motor vehicle parking heater.
  • the invention also includes a charging system with a motor vehicle and a vehicle-external charging device, which is coupled for charging the electrical energy storage with this.
  • the charging device can be designed as a charging station of a charging station.
  • the charging device can provide a direct current, for example, which is fed into the motor vehicle, for example, via a charging cable, which is connected to the charging interface via a plug connection.
  • the charging device is a household standard socket, which is connected to an AC power supply and provides an alternating current.
  • This alternating current can be supplied to the motor vehicle via the charging interface and rectified in-vehicle by means of a rectifier for charging the electrical energy store.
  • the charging process here is an AC charging.
  • the charging device can also be embodied as a primary coil and the charging interface can be designed as a secondary coil, the energy being transmitted inductively from the charging device to the charging interface.
  • the charging process is thus here an inductive charging.
  • the electrical energy storage of a motor vehicle has a rated voltage of 400 V.
  • the energy storage device has two equal partial energy storage (blocks), which are electrically connected via switching devices to a parallel circuit or to a series circuit.
  • a controller controls the switching means to switch the partial energy storage in parallel or in series. In the operating mode of the motor vehicle, the partial energy storage devices are connected in parallel via the switching devices.
  • the following calculation example shows the shortening of the charging time of a charging process which is charged via an external energy source (charging station) with a mains voltage adjustable in the range from 0 V to 1000 V and a maximum charging current of 350 A.
  • the charging process of the energy storage unit with blocks connected in parallel takes approx. 4 hours.
  • the blocks are connected to one another in series during the charging operation via the switching devices.
  • the switching devices With two each designed as batteries with 400 V rated voltage partial energy storage results in the series circuit, an energy storage with 800 V nominal voltage.
  • the energy storage can now be charged with a charging voltage of 800 V. This shortens the charging time of the energy storage to only about 2 hours.
  • the partial energy storage are switched in parallel again via the switching device.
  • the electrical energy storage of a motor vehicle has a nominal voltage of 300 V and has three identical blocks, which are electrically connectable via switching devices to a parallel circuit or to a series circuit.
  • the energy store is charged to a charging station with a charging voltage that can be set in the range from 0 V to 1000 V, and a maximum charging current of 350 A limited only by the current carrying capacity of the charging cable of the charging station or the charging plug.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Energiesystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und ein Verfahren zum Laden mindestens eines elektrischen Energiespeichers des Energiesystems.The invention relates to an energy system for a motor vehicle and to a method for charging at least one electrical energy store of the energy system.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Energiesystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und ein Verfahren zum Laden mindestens eines elektrischen Energiespeichers des Energiesystems.The invention relates to an energy system for a motor vehicle and to a method for charging at least one electrical energy store of the energy system.

Elektrofahrzeuge oder Hybridfahrzeuge verfügen jeweils über mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher, der als Traktionsbatterie dient und elektrische Energie speichert, die eine elektrische Maschine des Kraftfahrzeugs in Antriebsleistung umsetzt. Um die Reichweite des Fahrzeugs zu maximieren, ist eine möglichst große Ladekapazität des elektrischen Energiespeichers erwünscht.Electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles each have at least one electrical energy storage, which serves as a traction battery and stores electrical energy that converts an electrical machine of the motor vehicle into drive power. In order to maximize the range of the vehicle, the largest possible charging capacity of the electrical energy storage is desired.

Um den elektrischen Energiespeicher zu laden, verfügt ein solches Kraftfahrzeug über mindestens eine elektrische Ladeschnittstelle, d. h. mindestens einen elektrischen Anschluss. Über eine solche Ladeschnittstelle kann das Kraftfahrzeug an eine stationäre, elektrische Ladestation gekoppelt werden, um den Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeugs aufzuladen.In order to charge the electrical energy storage, such a motor vehicle has at least one electrical charging interface, d. H. at least one electrical connection. About such a charging interface, the motor vehicle can be coupled to a stationary, electrical charging station to charge the energy storage of the motor vehicle.

Aus der Praxis bekannte Elektrofahrzeuge sowie Hybridfahrzeuge verfügen über eine als Ladebuchse ausgebildete elektrische Ladeschnittstelle, um das Kraftfahrzeug zum Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers über ein Ladekabel an eine stationäre, elektrische Ladestation zu koppeln. Die Energiespeichereinheit des ladebereit abgestellten Kraftfahrzeugs wird zum Laden mittels eines Ladekabels mit der externen Energiequelle verbunden.Electric vehicles known from practice as well as hybrid vehicles have an electrical charging interface designed as a charging socket in order to couple the motor vehicle to a stationary, electrical charging station for charging the electrical energy store via a charging cable. The energy storage unit of the vehicle parked ready for charging is connected to the external energy source for charging by means of a charging cable.

Jedoch sind Ladevorgänge der Energiespeichereinheit regelmäßig zeitintensiv. Eine wesentliche Verkürzung der Ladedauer ist nicht möglich, da die zum Laden der Energiespeichereinheit vorgesehenen externen Energiequellen insbesondere bezüglich des Ladestroms begrenzt sind.However, charging the energy storage unit regularly time consuming. A significant shortening of the charging time is not possible since the external energy sources provided for charging the energy storage unit are limited, in particular with regard to the charging current.

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Kraftfahrzeugs zur Verfügung zu stellen, und eine Steuerungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sowie ein Energiesystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe der Ladevorgang verkürzt werden kann.The object of the invention has been found to provide a method for charging an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, and to provide a control device for carrying out the method and an energy system for a motor vehicle, with the aid of which the charging process can be shortened.

Aus der DE 10 2015 004 119 A1 geht ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und zwei fahrzeugseitigen Ladeschnittstellen hervor. Beide Ladeschnittstellen sind einheitlich ausgestaltet und zum parallelen Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers mit jeweils einer externen Ladevorrichtung koppelbar.From the DE 10 2015 004 119 A1 goes out a motor vehicle with an electrical energy storage and two on-board charging interfaces. Both charging interfaces are configured uniformly and can be coupled to the parallel charging of the electrical energy store, each with an external charging device.

Die DE 10 2013 102 576 A1 offenbart eine Steuerungseinrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Dabei wird der elektrische Energiespeicher gleichzeitig über mindestens zwei elektrische Ladeschnittstellen und damit gleichzeitig über mindestens zwei elektrische Anschlüsse aufgeladen. Dazu werden eine Ladestation mit mindestens zwei elektrischen Anschlüssen oder zwei Ladestationen mit jeweils einem elektrischen Anschluss verwendet.The DE 10 2013 102 576 A1 discloses a control device and a method for charging an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle. In this case, the electrical energy store is simultaneously charged via at least two electrical charging interfaces and thus simultaneously via at least two electrical connections. For this purpose, a charging station with at least two electrical connections or two charging stations each having an electrical connection are used.

Die DE 10 2011 010 227 A1 offenbart ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Energiespeichereinheit für elektrische Energie. Die Energiespeichereinheit ist in einzelne Blöcke unterteilbar, wobei jedem der einzelnen Blöcke ein Ladeanschlusselement zugeordnet ist, so dass die Blöcke separat und simultan durch eine externe Energiequelle geladen werden können.The DE 10 2011 010 227 A1 discloses a motor vehicle with an energy storage unit for electrical energy. The energy storage unit is subdivided into individual blocks, wherein each of the individual blocks is assigned a charging connection element, so that the blocks can be charged separately and simultaneously by an external energy source.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, sowie ein Energiesystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7. Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1, and an energy system with the features of claim 7. Embodiments and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Laden mindestens eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Kraftfahrzeugs, worin der Energiespeicher für die Dauer des Ladevorgangs in mindestens zwei gleiche Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt und diese in Reihe geschaltet werden.The invention relates to a method for charging at least one electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, wherein the energy storage for the duration of the charging process divided into at least two equal partial energy storage and these are connected in series.

In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens umfasst der mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicher eine Anzahl von Zellen oder Zellmodulen, die in wenigstens zwei, jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Zelle oder ein Zellmodul umfassende Teilenergiespeicher unterteilbar oder unterteilt ist, und worin die Teilenergiespeicher wahlweise parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet werden können.In one embodiment of the method, the at least one electrical energy store comprises a number of cells or cell modules which can be subdivided or subdivided into at least two partial energy storages comprising at least one electrical cell or a cell module, and wherein the partial energy storages can optionally be connected in parallel or in series ,

Erfindungsgemäß wird der elektrische Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs für einen Ladevorgang in mindestens zwei gleiche Teilenergiespeicher (Blöcke) aufgeteilt, die in Reihe geschaltet werden. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Vervielfachung der Ausgangsspannung des elektrischen Energiespeichers und damit der maximal anwendbaren Ladespannung. Dadurch wird ein besonders schneller Ladevorgang für den elektrischen Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeugs möglich.According to the invention, the electrical energy store of a motor vehicle for a charging process is divided into at least two identical partial energy stores (blocks), which are connected in series. This results in a multiplication of the output voltage of the electrical energy storage and thus the maximum applicable charging voltage. As a result, a particularly fast charging process for the electrical energy storage of the motor vehicle is possible.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Energiespeichereinheit in mindestens zwei einzelne Blöcke unterteilt, respektive werden die der Energiespeichereinheit zugehörigen elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule zu mindestens zwei Blöcken gruppiert, die jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Zelle oder ein Zellmodul umfassen. In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Energiespeichereinheit in zwei gleiche Blöcke unterteilt. In einer anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Energiespeichereinheit in drei gleiche Blöcke unterteilt. In wieder einer anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die Energiespeichereinheit in vier gleiche Blöcke unterteilt. Im Fahrbetrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs ist die Unterteilung aufgehoben, d. h. die Blöcke sind parallelgeschaltet. In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicher in n gleiche Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt, wobei n eine ganze Zahl größer 2 ist.According to the invention, the energy storage unit is subdivided into at least two individual blocks, or the electrical cells or cell modules belonging to the energy storage unit are grouped into at least two blocks each comprising at least one electrical cell or one cell module. In one embodiment of the method, the energy storage unit is divided into two equal blocks. In another embodiment of the method, the energy storage unit is divided into three equal blocks. In yet another embodiment of the method, the energy storage unit is divided into four equal blocks. When driving the motor vehicle, the subdivision is canceled, ie the blocks are connected in parallel. In one embodiment of the method the at least one electrical energy store is divided into n equal partial energy stores, where n is an integer greater than 2.

Die Blöcke sind gleich groß. Grundsätzlich sind abhängig von der Anzahl der der Energiespeichereinheit zugehörigen elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule verschiedene Unterteilungen der elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule möglich. Beispielsweise kann für eine 60 elektrische Zellen umfassende Energiespeichereinheit bei einer Gruppierung in zwei Blöcke jeder Block 30 Zellen umfassen, bei einer Unterteilung in drei Blöcke jeder Block 20 Zellen umfassen, und bei einer Unterteilung in vier Blöcke jeder Block 15 Zellen umfassen.The blocks are the same size. In principle, different subdivisions of the electrical cells or cell modules are possible depending on the number of electrical cells or cell modules associated with the energy storage unit. For example, for a 60 cell electric energy storage unit, when grouped into two blocks, each block may comprise 30 cells, and when divided into three blocks, each block may comprise 20 cells, and when divided into four blocks, each block may comprise 15 cells.

Für die Dauer des Ladevorgangs werden die Blöcke in Reihe geschaltet. Eine Ladezeitverkürzung ergibt sich sonach im Wesentlichen daraus, dass für den Ladevorgang eine wesentlich höhere Ladespannung eingesetzt werden kann, wenn die Blöcke in Reihe geschaltet sind, als wenn sie parallelgeschaltet sind. Bei einer Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in n gleiche, in Serie geschaltete Teilenergiespeicher kann die Ladespannung das n-fache der Ladespannung eines einzelnen Teilenergiespeichers betragen. Bei einem vorgegebenen maximalen Ladestrom ergibt sich dadurch auch die n-fache Ladeleistung.For the duration of the charging process, the blocks are connected in series. A charging time reduction results therefore essentially from the fact that for charging a much higher charging voltage can be used when the blocks are connected in series, as when they are connected in parallel. When subdividing the energy store into n equal, series-connected partial energy stores, the charge voltage can be n times the charge voltage of a single partial energy store. For a given maximum charging current, this also results in n times the charging power.

In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der mindestens eine Energiespeicher in Abhängigkeit von einer für den Ladevorgang zur Verfügung stehenden Ladespannung in Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt. In einer speziellen Ausführungsform ist die Summe der Nennspannungen der Teilenergiespeicher kleiner oder gleich der zur Verfügung stehenden Ladespannung.In one embodiment of the method, the at least one energy store is divided into partial energy stores as a function of a charging voltage available for the charging process. In a specific embodiment, the sum of the rated voltages of the partial energy storage is less than or equal to the available charging voltage.

Selbstverständlich ergibt sich im Betrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs durch die Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in Blöcke kein Nachteil für die Leistungsfähigkeit der Energiespeichereinheit, da die Unterteilung in Blöcke vornehmlich im Rahmen von Ladevorgängen der Energiespeichereinheit stattfindet und danach wieder aufgehoben wird.Of course, in the operation of the motor vehicle by the subdivision of the energy storage in blocks no disadvantage for the performance of the energy storage unit, since the division into blocks takes place primarily in the context of charging the energy storage unit and is then canceled again.

Es ist möglich, den Energiespeicher bereits ab Werk in entsprechende Blöcke zu unterteilen. In einer Ausführungsform weist der elektrische Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeugs zwei Teilenergiespeicher auf. Die Teilenergiespeicher sind über Schalteinrichtungen zu einer Parallelschaltung elektrisch verbindbar oder zu einer Serienschaltung elektrisch verbindbar. Dazu kann eine Steuereinrichtung die Schalteinrichtungen ansteuern. Im Fahrbetrieb des Kraftfahrzeugs sind die elektrischen Teilenergiespeicher über die Schalteinrichtungen parallelgeschaltet. Während des Ladebetriebs werden die Teilenergiespeicher über die Schalteinrichtung zu einer Serienschaltung verbunden. Bei zwei jeweils als Batterien mit 400 V Nennspannung ausgestalteten Teilenergiespeichern ergibt sich in der Serienschaltung ein Energiespeicher mit 800 V Nennspannung. Nach Beendigung des Ladevorgangs werden die Teilenergiespeicher über die Schalteinrichtungen wieder parallelgeschaltet.It is possible to divide the energy storage already in the factory into corresponding blocks. In one embodiment, the electrical energy store of the motor vehicle has two partial energy stores. The partial energy storage devices can be electrically connected via switching devices to form a parallel circuit or can be electrically connected to a series connection. For this purpose, a control device can control the switching devices. When driving the motor vehicle, the electric partial energy storage are connected in parallel via the switching devices. During the charging operation, the partial energy storage are connected via the switching device to a series circuit. With two each designed as batteries with 400 V rated voltage partial energy storage results in the series circuit, an energy storage with 800 V nominal voltage. After completion of the charging process, the partial energy storage devices are switched in parallel again via the switching devices.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der elektrische Energiespeicher einen ersten Teilenergiespeicher und einen zweiten Teilenergiespeicher aufweist, die im Kraftfahrzeug galvanisch voneinander getrennt und Teil eines sogenannten Mehr-Maschinen-Konzepts sind. So kann beispielsweise der erste Teilenergiespeicher zum Antrieb einer Vorderachse des Kraftfahrzeugs und der zweite Teilenergiespeicher zum Antrieb einer Hinterachse des Kraftfahrzeugs genutzt werden. Die beiden Teilenergiespeicher werden zum Laden des Energiespeichers in Reihe geschaltet und nach dem Ende des Ladevorgangs wieder galvanisch voneinander getrennt. Die beiden Teilenergiespeicher können beispielsweise als Niedervoltbatterien ausgestaltet sein. Durch Schließen der Schalteinrichtung können die beiden Niedervoltbatterien zum Laden in Reihe geschaltet werden, wobei der elektrische Energiespeicher in vorteilhafter Weise dann als eine Hochvoltbatterie ausgestaltet ist. Unter einer Hochvoltbatterie wird hier eine Batterie verstanden, welche eine Spannung zwischen 700 V und 900 V, insbesondere 800 V, bereitstellt. Unter einer Niedervoltbatterie wird hier eine Batterie verstanden, welche eine Spannung zwischen 350 V und 450 V, insbesondere 400 V, bereitstellt.A further embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical energy store has a first partial energy store and a second partial energy store, which are galvanically separated from one another in the motor vehicle and form part of a so-called multi-machine concept. For example, the first partial energy storage for driving a front axle of the motor vehicle and the second partial energy storage for driving a rear axle of the motor vehicle can be used. The two partial energy storage devices are connected in series to charge the energy storage device and are again galvanically separated after the end of the charging process. The two partial energy storage devices can be designed, for example, as low-voltage batteries. By closing the switching device, the two low-voltage batteries can be connected in series for charging, wherein the electrical energy storage is then advantageously designed as a high-voltage battery. A high-voltage battery is understood here to mean a battery which provides a voltage between 700 V and 900 V, in particular 800 V. A low-voltage battery is understood here to be a battery which provides a voltage between 350 V and 450 V, in particular 400 V.

Durch die Reihenschaltung der beiden Teilenergiespeicher während des Ladevorgangs, also durch die temporäre Verdoppelung der Nennspannung des Energiespeichers, kann von der Ladevorrichtung bei vorgegebenem Ladestrom eine doppelt so hohe Ladeleistung abgerufen werden wie bei der Parallelschaltung der Teilenergiespeicher.By the series connection of the two partial energy storage during the charging process, ie by the temporary doubling of the rated voltage of the energy storage, a charging power twice as high can be obtained from the charging device for a given charge current as in the parallel connection of the partial energy storage.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ist eine dynamische Unterteilung des Energiespeichers vorgesehen, wobei die Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in Abhängigkeit von den Leistungscharakteristika der beim Ladevorgang eingesetzten externen Energiequelle, z. B. der zur Verfügung stehenden maximalen Ladespannung bzw. des maximalen Ladestroms, erfolgt.In another embodiment of the method, a dynamic subdivision of the energy store is provided, wherein the subdivision of the energy store in dependence on the performance characteristics of the external energy source used during the charging process, for. B. the available maximum charging voltage or the maximum charging current takes place.

Der elektrische Energiespeicher wird zum Aufladen über eine Ladeschnittstelle mit einer externen Energiequelle, beispielsweise einer Ladesäule oder einer Ladestation verbunden, welche eine Ladespannung liefern kann, die dem Produkt aus der Anzahl der Teilenergiespeicher im elektrischen Energiespeicher und der Nennspannung der einzelnen Teilenergiespeicher entspricht.The electrical energy storage is connected for charging via a charging interface with an external power source, such as a charging station or a charging station, which can provide a charging voltage corresponding to the product of the number of partial energy storage in the electrical energy storage and the rated voltage of the individual partial energy storage.

Die Erfindung ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn der zu ladende elektrische Energiespeicher ein Spannungsniveau aufweist, welches maximal der halben maximalen Ladespannung der jeweiligen externen Energiequelle (Ladestation) entspricht. So kann beispielsweise der zu ladende elektrische Energiespeicher ein Spannungsniveau von etwa 400 V aufweisen und die Ladestation ein Spannungsniveau von etwa 800 V. Mit der Erfindung kann die zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers benötigte Zeit verkürzt werden.The invention is particularly advantageous if the electrical energy store to be charged has a voltage level which corresponds at most to half the maximum charging voltage of the respective external energy source (charging station). For example, the electrical energy storage to be charged can have a voltage level of about 400 V and the charging station a voltage level of about 800 V. With the invention, the time required for charging an electrical energy storage device can be shortened.

In einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens umfasst der mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicher mindestens eine Traktionsbatterie eines Elektrofahrzeugs oder eines Hybridfahrzeugs.In one embodiment of the method, the at least one electrical energy store comprises at least one traction battery of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein Energiesystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug, das mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher umfasst, der dafür eingerichtet ist, reversibel in mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete gleiche Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt zu werden; und eine mit dem Energiespeicher verbundene Ladeschnittstelle zum Aufladen des mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeichers mittels einer elektrische Energie bereitstellenden externen Energiequelle.The subject matter of the invention is also an energy system for a motor vehicle, which comprises at least one electrical energy store which is set up to be reversibly divided into at least two identical partial energy stores connected in series; and a charging interface connected to the energy store for charging the at least one electrical energy store by means of an external energy source providing electrical energy.

Das Energiesystem weist wenigstens einen, eine Anzahl elektrischer Zellen oder Zellmodule umfassenden Energiespeicher für elektrische Energie auf. Der Energiespeicher kann zum Aufladen über eine Ladeschnittstelle mit einer elektrische Energie bereitstellenden externen Energiequelle verbunden werden, z. B. mittels eines Ladekabels, wenn das Kraftfahrzeug sich in einem ladebereiten Zustand befindet.The energy system has at least one, a number of electrical cells or cell modules comprehensive energy storage for electrical energy. The energy storage can be connected for charging via a charging interface with an electrical energy-providing external energy source, eg. B. by means of a charging cable when the motor vehicle is in a ready to charge state.

Die Ladeschnittstelle kann eine Ladeschnittstelle sein, an welche über ein entsprechendes Ladekabel eine Gleichspannungsladestation ankoppelbar ist; oder eine Ladeschnittstelle, bei welcher über ein Ladekabel eine Wechselspannungsladestation anschließbar ist. Bei der Ladeschnittstelle kann es sich um eine Ladebuchse handeln, über die über das Ladekabel eine Drehspannungsladestation ankoppelbar ist.The charging interface can be a charging interface, to which a DC charging station can be connected via a corresponding charging cable; or a charging interface in which an AC charging station can be connected via a charging cable. The charging interface can be a charging socket, via which a rotary voltage charging station can be connected via the charging cable.

In einer speziellen Ausführungsform ist die Ladeschnittstelle an eine Induktionsladestation ankoppelbar: Die Induktionsladestation erzeugt ein magnetisches Feld, über welches das Kraftfahrzeug berührungslos über die Ladeschnittstelle an die Ladestation gekoppelt werden kann, um so den elektrischen Energiespeicher zu laden.In a specific embodiment, the charging interface can be coupled to an induction charging station: The induction charging station generates a magnetic field, via which the motor vehicle can be coupled contactlessly via the charging interface to the charging station in order to charge the electrical energy store.

Die zum Laden des Energiespeichers genutzten Ladestationen können unterschiedliche Spannungsarten, zum Beispiel Wechselspannung und Gleichspannung, und/oder unterschiedliche maximale Ladespannungen und/oder unterschiedliche maximale Ladeströme aufweisen. Ferner können kabelgebundene Ladestationen oder Ladestationen mit berührungslosen Ladeschnittstellen eingesetzt werden.The charging stations used for charging the energy store can have different types of voltage, for example AC voltage and DC voltage, and / or different maximum charging voltages and / or different maximum charging currents. Furthermore, can wired charging stations or charging stations with non-contact charging interfaces are used.

In einer Ausführungsform des Energiesystems ist dem mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eine Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet, die zur Unterteilung des mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeichers in Teilenergiespeicher, d. h. zur Unterteilung der Anzahl elektrischer Zellen oder Zellmodule des Energiespeichers in Blöcke und zur wahlweise parallelen oder seriellen Verschaltung der Teilenergiespeicher (Blöcke) eingerichtet ist.In one embodiment of the energy system, the control unit is assigned to the at least one electrical energy store, which is used to divide the at least one electrical energy store into partial energy stores, ie. H. for dividing the number of electrical cells or cell modules of the energy storage into blocks and for optionally parallel or serial interconnection of the partial energy storage (blocks) is set up.

Die Steuereinrichtung kann in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Parameter oder anhand eines vorgegebenen oder, gegebenenfalls von einem Bediener, vorgebbaren Schemas die Unterteilung der Energiespeichereinheit in einzelne Blöcke vornehmen. Gleichermaßen kann die Steuereinrichtung auch zur Steuerung elektrischer Schaltvorrichtungen ausgebildet sein, die dafür eingerichtet sind, mindestens zwei Blöcke des Energiespeichers parallel oder in Reihe zu schalten. Wie bereits erwähnt, steuert bzw. regelt die Steuerungseinrichtung das Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers.The control device can make the subdivision of the energy storage unit into individual blocks depending on various parameters or on the basis of a predetermined or, if appropriate, by an operator, predeterminable scheme. Likewise, the control device may also be designed to control electrical switching devices which are set up to switch at least two blocks of the energy store in parallel or in series. As already mentioned, the control device controls or regulates the charging of the electrical energy store.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die Steuereinrichtung dazu eingerichtet, die dem Energiespeicher elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule dynamisch in einzelne Blöcke zu unterteilen, respektive die elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule beliebig zu einzelnen Blöcken zusammenzufassen. Hierzu ist die Steuereinrichtung zur Steuerung von, insbesondere elektrischen, Kontakten bzw. Schaltmitteln eingerichtet, über welche die elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule des Energiespeichers beliebig zu Blöcken zusammenschaltbar sind. Gleichfalls ist es über eine Ansteuerung der Kontakte bzw. der Schaltmittel möglich, bestehende Blöcke beliebig aufzulösen bzw. neu zu bilden.In one embodiment, the control device is configured to dynamically subdivide the energy storage cells or cell modules into individual blocks, or to combine the electrical cells or cell modules as desired into individual blocks. For this purpose, the control device is designed to control, in particular electrical, contacts or switching means, via which the electrical cells or cell modules of the energy store can be interconnected in any desired manner into blocks. Likewise, it is possible via an activation of the contacts or the switching means to dissolve existing blocks as desired or to form anew.

In einer Ausführungsform des Energiesystems ist die Steuervorrichtung mit einer Kommunikationseinrichtung verbunden, die dafür eingerichtet ist, mit einer externen Energiequelle zu kommunizieren und einen Ladevorgang zu koordinieren. Dabei kann sie der externen Energiequelle beispielsweise einen Wert für eine Ladespannung vorgeben. Um den Ladevorgang zu koordinieren, kommuniziert die Kommunikationseinrichtung mit der externen Energiequelle und der Steuervorrichtung des elektrischen Energiespeichers. Dadurch kann ein zuverlässiges Aufladen des elektrischen Energiespeichers gewährleistet werden.In one embodiment of the power system, the controller is connected to a communication device configured to communicate with an external power source and to charge coordinate. In this case, it can specify the external energy source, for example, a value for a charging voltage. In order to coordinate the charging process, the communication device communicates with the external energy source and the control device of the electrical energy storage. As a result, a reliable charging of the electrical energy storage can be ensured.

In einer Ausführungsform weist das Energiesystem eine mit der Steuereinrichtung kommunizierende Erfassungseinrichtung auf, die zur Erfassung einer Verbindung der Ladeschnittstelle mit einer externen Energiequelle und gegebenenfalls zur Erfassung der Netzkapazität der externen Energiequelle eingerichtet ist.In one embodiment, the energy system has a detection device which communicates with the control device and which is set up to detect a connection of the charging interface to an external energy source and, if appropriate, to detect the network capacity of the external energy source.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn das Energiesystem eine mit der Steuereinrichtung kommunizierende Erfassungseinrichtung zur Erfassung einer Verbindung der Ladeschnittstelle mit einer externen Energiequelle, z. B. einer Ladestation, aufweist, wobei die Steuereinrichtung dazu eingerichtet ist, in Abhängigkeit des von der Erfassungseinrichtung gelieferten Erfassungsergebnisses eine Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in Blöcke vorzunehmen. Erfasst die Erfassungseinrichtung eine mit der Ladeschnittstelle verbundene externe Energiequelle, z. B. eine Ladesäule, so führt die Steuereinrichtung eine Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in Blöcke durch.It is useful if the energy system communicates with the control device detecting means for detecting a connection of the charging interface with an external power source, for. B. a charging station, wherein the control device is adapted to make a subdivision of the energy storage in blocks depending on the detection result supplied by the detection device. Detects the detection device connected to the charging interface external power source, eg. B. a charging station, the controller performs a subdivision of the energy storage in blocks.

In einer Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Erfassungseinrichtung bei erfasster Verbindung einer externen Energiequelle mit der Ladeschnittstelle zur Erfassung der Netzkapazität der externen Energiequelle eingerichtet ist, und die Steuereinrichtung dafür eingerichtet ist, in Abhängigkeit des von der Erfassungseinrichtung gelieferten Erfassungsergebnisses eine Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in Blöcke durchzuführen. Entsprechend ist über die Steuereinrichtung eine der jeweiligen externen Energiequelle individuell angepasste Unterteilung des Energiespeichers in Blöcke bzw. Gruppierung der elektrischen Zellen oder Zellmodule möglich, so dass eine optimale Ladestrategie des Energiespeichers erstellt und ausgeführt werden kann. Die Netzkapazität kann über entsprechende, mit der Erfassungseinrichtung kommunizierende Sensoren erfasst werden.In one embodiment it is provided that the detection device is set up with detected connection of an external power source with the charging interface for detecting the network capacity of the external power source, and the control device is adapted to perform a subdivision of the energy storage into blocks depending on the detection result supplied by the detection device , According to the control device one of the respective external energy source individually adapted division of the energy storage in blocks or grouping of the electrical cells or cell modules is possible, so that an optimal charging strategy of the energy storage can be created and executed. The Network capacity can be detected via corresponding, communicating with the detection device sensors.

Ist die erfasste Ladespannung der externen Energiequelle beispielsweise doppelt so hoch wie die Nennspannung des Energiespeichers, unterteilt die Steuereinrichtung den Energiespeicher in zwei gleich große Blöcke. Entsprechendes gilt, wenn die Ladespannung das Dreifache bzw. Vierfache der Nennspannung des Energiespeichers beträgt, das heißt, der Energiespeicher wird dynamisch unter Berücksichtigung der von der angeschlossenen externen Energiequelle bereitstellbaren Ladespannung unterteilt.If the detected charging voltage of the external energy source is, for example, twice as high as the rated voltage of the energy store, the control device divides the energy store into two blocks of equal size. The same applies if the charging voltage is three times or four times the rated voltage of the energy storage, that is, the energy storage is divided dynamically, taking into account the charging voltage available from the connected external power source.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die mit der Steuereinrichtung kommunizierende Erfassungseinrichtung zur Erfassung des Ladezustands des Energiespeichers und/oder der jeweiligen Blöcke und/oder der elektrischen Zellen bzw. Zellmodule und zur Ausgabe wenigstens einer den jeweiligen Ladezustand betreffenden Information ausgebildet sein. Entsprechend ist ein Bediener stets über den aktuellen Ladezustand des Energiespeichers bzw. der jeweiligen Blöcke und/oder der elektrischen Zellen bzw. Zellmodule informiert. Das Informationssignal kann zudem Angaben über die zu erwartende Ladedauer bzw. Laderestdauer oder durch den Ladevorgang in etwa entstehende Kosten beinhalten, mithin also Angaben, die vor oder während des Ladens des Energiespeichers für einen Bediener von Interesse sein können.In a development of the invention, the detection device communicating with the control device can be designed to detect the state of charge of the energy store and / or the respective blocks and / or the electrical cells or cell modules and to output at least one piece of information concerning the respective charge state. Accordingly, an operator is always informed about the current state of charge of the energy store or the respective blocks and / or the electrical cells or cell modules. The information signal may also include information about the expected charging time or charging duration or by charging approximately resulting costs, ie, information that may be before or during charging of the energy storage for an operator of interest.

Es ist überdies vorteilhaft, wenn die Erfassungseinrichtung auch zur Erfassung der Funktionsfähigkeit des Energiespeichers und/oder der mit dem Energiespeicher verbundenen Ladeschnittstelle und gegebenenfalls eines Ladekabels und in Abhängigkeit des Erfassungsergebnisses zur Ausgabe eines Informationssignals an einen Bediener ausgebildet ist. So ist es möglich, einem Bediener eine Information zu geben, ob ein Ladevorgang grundsätzlich möglich ist, also eine Information über die Betriebsfähigkeit bzw. Betriebsbereitschaft sämtlicher unmittelbar oder mittelbar vom Ladevorgang betroffenen Komponenten, insbesondere elektrische Kontakte, elektrische Verbindungen zwischen der externen Energiequelle und dem Energiespeicher und/oder elektrische Verbindungen zwischen dem Energiespeicher und den von diesem mit elektrischer Energie gespeisten Komponenten des Kraftfahrzeugs.It is also advantageous if the detection device is also designed to detect the operability of the energy store and / or the charging interface connected to the energy store and optionally a charging cable and depending on the detection result for outputting an information signal to an operator. It is thus possible to provide an operator with information as to whether a charging process is fundamentally possible, that is to say information about the operability or operational readiness of all components that are directly or indirectly affected by the charging process, in particular electrical contacts. electrical connections between the external energy source and the energy storage device and / or electrical connections between the energy storage device and the components of the motor vehicle supplied with this by electrical energy.

Bevorzugt wird die Prüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit und die Ausgabe des Informationssignals nach ladebereitem Abstellen des Kraftfahrzeugs automatisch durchgeführt. Die Prüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit kann sich zusätzlich ein oder mehrmals während des Ladevorgangs wiederholen.Preferably, the test of the functionality and the output of the information signal after loading ready parking of the motor vehicle is performed automatically. The functionality test may additionally be repeated one or more times during the charging process.

Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn das Informationssignal über wenigstens ein kraftfahrzeugseitiges Ausgabemittel ausgebbar ist. Kraftfahrzeugseitig installierte Ausgabemittel können z. B. Ausgabemittel im Bereich der Ladeanschlusselemente sein, z. B. optische Anzeigemittel, wie Leuchtdioden, oder auch im Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeugs installierte Ausgabemittel, wie Displays oder Lautsprecher. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform wird das Informationssignal funksignalartig über eine Funkverbindung zwischen einer kraftfahrzeugseitigen Sendeeinrichtung und einer bedienerseitigen Empfangseinrichtung an einen Bediener übertragen, das Informationssignal wird also nicht am Kraftfahrzeug selbst ausgegeben, sondern von diesem über eine Sendeeinrichtung an eine bedienerseitige Empfangseinrichtung übertragen. Die bedienerseitige Empfangseinrichtung kann etwa Teil einer bedienerseitigen, insbesondere mobilen Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung, wie z. B. eines Mobiltelefons oder eines sogenannten Smartphones, sein. Das zu übertragende Informationssignal kann akustischer und/oder optischer Natur sein. Auch eine haptische Ausgabe, wie etwa über Vibrationen, ist denkbar. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, das Informationssignal sowohl kraftfahrzeugseitig auszugeben als auch an eine bedienerseitige Empfangseinrichtung zu übertragen.It is expedient if the information signal can be output via at least one motor vehicle-side output device. Motor vehicle side installed output means can, for. B. output means in the region of the charging connection elements, z. B. optical display means, such as light-emitting diodes, or even in the interior of the motor vehicle installed output means, such as displays or speakers. In an alternative embodiment, the information signal is radio-like transmitted via a radio link between a motor vehicle side transmitting device and a user-side receiving device to an operator, the information signal is thus not output to the motor vehicle itself, but transmitted from this via a transmitting device to a user-side receiving device. The user-side receiving device may be part of a user-side, especially mobile transmitting and receiving device, such. As a mobile phone or a so-called smartphone, be. The information signal to be transmitted may be acoustic and / or optical in nature. A haptic output, such as vibrations, is conceivable. Of course, it is also possible to output the information signal both on the motor vehicle side and to transmit to a user-side receiving device.

Der Energiespeicher ist bevorzugt dem Antriebsaggregat des Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere einem als Antriebsaggregat ausgebildeten Elektromotor, zugeordnet. Insofern ist das Kraftfahrzeug bevorzugt als wenigstens teilweise elektrisch betriebenes Kraftfahrzeug aufzufassen, das heißt als ein Hybridfahrzeug oder ein reines Elektrofahrzeug, z. B. ein batterieelektrisches Fahrzeug (BEV) oder ein Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug. Der Energiespeicher kann in Ausnahmen auch anderen Komponenten des Kraftfahrzeugs zugeordnet sein, beispielsweise einer im Kraftfahrzeug installierten Standheizung.The energy store is preferably assigned to the drive unit of the motor vehicle, in particular an electric motor designed as a drive unit. In this respect, the motor vehicle is preferably to be regarded as at least partially electrically powered motor vehicle, that is as a Hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle, eg. B. a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a fuel cell vehicle. The energy storage may be associated with other components of the motor vehicle in exceptions, for example, installed in a motor vehicle parking heater.

Zur Erfindung gehört außerdem ein Ladesystem mit einem Kraftfahrzeug und einer fahrzeugexternen Ladevorrichtung, die zum Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers mit diesem gekoppelt ist. Die Ladevorrichtung kann als Ladesäule einer Stromtankstelle ausgeführt sein. Dabei kann die Ladevorrichtung beispielsweise einen Gleichstrom bereitstellen, welcher beispielsweise über ein Ladekabel, welches mit der Ladeschnittstelle über eine Steckverbindung verbunden ist, in das Kraftfahrzeug eingespeist wird.The invention also includes a charging system with a motor vehicle and a vehicle-external charging device, which is coupled for charging the electrical energy storage with this. The charging device can be designed as a charging station of a charging station. In this case, the charging device can provide a direct current, for example, which is fed into the motor vehicle, for example, via a charging cable, which is connected to the charging interface via a plug connection.

Es kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Ladevorrichtung eine haushaltsübliche Steckdose ist, welche mit einem Wechselstromnetz verbunden ist und einen Wechselstrom bereitstellt. Dieser Wechselstrom kann dem Kraftfahrzeug über die Ladeschnittstelle zugeführt werden und fahrzeugintern mittels eines Gleichrichters zum Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers gleichgerichtet werden. Das Ladeverfahren ist also hier ein Wechselstromladen. Alternativ kann die Ladevorrichtung auch als Primärspule ausgeführt sein und die Ladeschnittstelle als Sekundärspule ausgeführt sein, wobei die Energie von der Ladevorrichtung induktiv an die Ladeschnittstelle übertragen wird. Das Ladeverfahren ist also hier ein induktives Laden.But it can also be provided that the charging device is a household standard socket, which is connected to an AC power supply and provides an alternating current. This alternating current can be supplied to the motor vehicle via the charging interface and rectified in-vehicle by means of a rectifier for charging the electrical energy store. So the charging process here is an AC charging. Alternatively, the charging device can also be embodied as a primary coil and the charging interface can be designed as a secondary coil, the energy being transmitted inductively from the charging device to the charging interface. The charging process is thus here an inductive charging.

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den Beispielen. Die Erfindung ist im Folgenden anhand beispielhafter Ausführungsformen nachfolgend weiter beschrieben.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and examples. The invention is further described below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation are usable without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In einer beispielhaften Ausführung hat der elektrische Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs eine Nennspannung von 400 V. Der Energiespeicher weist zwei gleiche Teilenergiespeicher (Blöcke) auf, die über Schalteinrichtungen zu einer Parallelschaltung oder zu einer Serienschaltung elektrisch verbindbar sind. Eine Steuereinrichtung steuert die Schalteinrichtungen an, um die Teilenergiespeicher parallel oder in Reihe zu schalten. Im Betriebsmodus des Kraftfahrzeugs sind die Teilenergiespeicher über die Schalteinrichtungen parallel geschaltet.In an exemplary embodiment of the electrical energy storage of a motor vehicle has a rated voltage of 400 V. The energy storage device has two equal partial energy storage (blocks), which are electrically connected via switching devices to a parallel circuit or to a series circuit. A controller controls the switching means to switch the partial energy storage in parallel or in series. In the operating mode of the motor vehicle, the partial energy storage devices are connected in parallel via the switching devices.

Das folgende Rechenbeispiel stellt die Verkürzung der Ladedauer eines Ladevorgangs dar, welche über eine externe Energiequelle (Ladesäule) mit einer im Bereich von 0 V bis 1.000 V einstellbaren Netzspannung und einer maximalen Ladestromstärke von 350 A geladen wird.The following calculation example shows the shortening of the charging time of a charging process which is charged via an external energy source (charging station) with a mains voltage adjustable in the range from 0 V to 1000 V and a maximum charging current of 350 A.

Bei einer Ladespannung von 400 V und einem Ladestrom von 350 A dauere der Ladevorgang der Energiespeichereinheit mit parallel geschalteten Blöcken ca. 4 h. Die Ladeleistung der externen Energiequelle beträgt dabei 400 V x 350 A = 140 kW.With a charging voltage of 400 V and a charging current of 350 A, the charging process of the energy storage unit with blocks connected in parallel takes approx. 4 hours. The charging power of the external energy source is 400 V x 350 A = 140 kW.

Erfindungsgemäß werden die Blöcke während des Ladebetriebs über die Schalteinrichtungen zu einer Serienschaltung verbunden. Bei zwei jeweils als Batterien mit 400 V Nennspannung ausgestalteten Teilenergiespeichern ergibt sich in der Serienschaltung ein Energiespeicher mit 800 V Nennspannung.According to the invention, the blocks are connected to one another in series during the charging operation via the switching devices. With two each designed as batteries with 400 V rated voltage partial energy storage results in the series circuit, an energy storage with 800 V nominal voltage.

Durch die Reihenschaltung der Blöcke kann der Energiespeicher nun mit einer Ladespannung von 800 V geladen werden. Dadurch verkürzt sich die Ladezeit des Energiespeichers auf nur ca. 2 h. Die Zeitersparnis kommt dadurch zu Stande, dass eine höhere Ladeleistung der Ladesäule abgerufen werden kann, nämlich 800 V x 350 A = 280 kW.By connecting the blocks in series, the energy storage can now be charged with a charging voltage of 800 V. This shortens the charging time of the energy storage to only about 2 hours. The time savings are achieved by the fact that a higher charging power of the charging station can be called up, namely 800 V x 350 A = 280 kW.

Durch die Reihenschaltung der beiden Teilenergiespeicher während des Ladevorgangs, also durch die temporäre Verdoppelung der Nennspannung des Energiespeichers, kann von der Ladevorrichtung bei vorgegebenem Ladestrom eine doppelt so hohe Ladeleistung abgerufen werden wie bei der Parallelschaltung der Teilenergiespeicher.By the series connection of the two partial energy storage during the charging process, ie by the temporary doubling of the rated voltage of the energy storage, a charging power twice as high can be obtained from the charging device for a given charge current as in the parallel connection of the partial energy storage.

Nach Beendigung des Ladevorgangs werden die Teilenergiespeicher über die Schalteinrichtung wieder parallel geschaltet.After completion of the charging process, the partial energy storage are switched in parallel again via the switching device.

In einer anderen beispielhaften Ausführung hat der elektrische Energiespeicher eines Kraftfahrzeugs eine Nennspannung von 300 V und weist drei gleiche Blöcke auf, die über Schalteinrichtungen zu einer Parallelschaltung oder zu einer Serienschaltung elektrisch verbindbar sind.In another exemplary embodiment, the electrical energy storage of a motor vehicle has a nominal voltage of 300 V and has three identical blocks, which are electrically connectable via switching devices to a parallel circuit or to a series circuit.

Der Energiespeicher wird an einer Ladesäule mit einer Ladespannung, die im Bereich von 0 V bis 1.000 V einstellbar ist, und einer nur durch die Stromtragfähigkeit der Ladeleitung der Ladesäule bzw. des Ladesteckers begrenzten maximalen Ladestromstärke von 350 A geladen.The energy store is charged to a charging station with a charging voltage that can be set in the range from 0 V to 1000 V, and a maximum charging current of 350 A limited only by the current carrying capacity of the charging cable of the charging station or the charging plug.

Bei einer Parallelschaltung der Blöcke kann maximal eine Ladeleistung von 300 V x 350 A = 105 kW genutzt werden. Sind die Blöcke während des Ladevorgangs dagegen in Reihe geschaltet, kann eine Ladeleistung von bis zu 900 V x 350 A = 315 kW genutzt werden, wodurch sich die Ladezeit auf etwa ein Drittel verkürzt.If the blocks are connected in parallel, a maximum charging capacity of 300 V x 350 A = 105 kW can be used. By contrast, if the blocks are connected in series during the charging process, a charging power of up to 900 V x 350 A = 315 kW can be used, which reduces the charging time to about one third.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Laden mindestens eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines Kraftfahrzeugs, worin der Energiespeicher für die Dauer des Ladevorgangs in mindestens zwei gleiche Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt und diese in Reihe geschaltet werden.A method for charging at least one electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, wherein the energy storage for the duration of the charging process divided into at least two equal partial energy storage and these are connected in series. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicher in n gleiche Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt wird, wobei n eine ganze Zahl größer 2 ist.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one electrical energy storage is divided into n equal partial energy storage, where n is an integer greater than 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin der mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicher mindestens eine Traktionsbatterie eines Elektrofahrzeugs oder eines Hybridfahrzeugs umfasst.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one electrical energy storage comprises at least one traction battery of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin der mindestens eine elektrische Energiespeicher eine Anzahl von Zellen oder Zellmodulen umfasst, die in wenigstens zwei, jeweils mindestens eine elektrische Zelle oder ein Zellmodul umfassende Teilenergiespeicher unterteilbar oder unterteilt ist, und worin die Teilenergiespeicher wahlweise parallel oder in Reihe geschaltet werden können.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one electrical energy storage comprises a number of cells or cell modules, which is subdivided or divided into at least two, each at least one electric cell or a cell module comprising partial energy storage, and wherein the partial energy storage either parallel or can be connected in series. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin der mindestens eine Energiespeicher in Abhängigkeit von einer für den Ladevorgang zur Verfügung stehenden Ladespannung in Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one energy store is divided into partial energy storage in dependence on a charging voltage available for the charging process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, bei dem die Summe der Nennspannungen der Teilenergiespeicher kleiner oder gleich der Ladespannung ist.The method of claim 5, wherein the sum of the rated voltages of the partial energy storage is less than or equal to the charging voltage. Energiesystem für ein Kraftfahrzeig, umfassend mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher, der dafür eingerichtet ist, reversibel in mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete gleiche Teilenergiespeicher aufgeteilt zu werden, und eine mit dem mindestens einen Energiespeicher verbundene Ladeschnittstelle zum Aufladen des mindestens einen Energiespeichers mittels einer elektrische Energie bereitstellenden externen Energiequelle.Energy system for a motor vehicle display, comprising at least one electrical energy storage, which is adapted to be reversibly divided into at least two series-connected equal partial energy storage, and one connected to the at least one energy storage Charging interface for charging the at least one energy storage device by means of an external energy source providing electrical energy. Energiesystem nach Anspruch 7, worin dem mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher eine Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, die zur Unterteilung des mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeichers in Teilenergiespeicher und zur wahlweise parallelen oder seriellen Verschaltung der Teilenergiespeicher eingerichtet ist.Energy system according to claim 7, wherein the at least one electrical energy storage is associated with a control device, which is arranged to divide the at least one electrical energy storage in partial energy storage and the optional parallel or serial connection of the partial energy storage. Energiesystem nach Anspruch 8, worin die Steuereinrichtung mit einer Kommunikationseinrichtung verbunden ist, die dafür eingerichtet ist, mit einer externen Energiequelle zu kommunizieren und einen Ladevorgang zu koordinieren.The power system of claim 8, wherein the controller is connected to a communication device configured to communicate with an external power source and coordinate a charging operation. Energiesystem nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, das eine mit der Steuereinrichtung kommunizierende Erfassungseinrichtung aufweist, die zur Erfassung einer Verbindung der Ladeschnittstelle mit einer externen Energiequelle und gegebenenfalls zur Erfassung der Netzkapazität der externen Energiequelle eingerichtet ist.An energy system according to claim 8 or 9, comprising sensing means communicating with the control means arranged to detect a connection of the charging interface to an external power source and optionally to detect the network capacity of the external power source.
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DE102016015311A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-07-20 Daimler Ag Electric drive system for a vehicle and method of operation thereof

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DE102018207008A1 (en) 2019-11-07
CN110450649A (en) 2019-11-15
US11114866B2 (en) 2021-09-07

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