EP3564716B1 - Automatisches schweissfilter mit abstimmbarer spektraltransmission - Google Patents

Automatisches schweissfilter mit abstimmbarer spektraltransmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3564716B1
EP3564716B1 EP19180841.9A EP19180841A EP3564716B1 EP 3564716 B1 EP3564716 B1 EP 3564716B1 EP 19180841 A EP19180841 A EP 19180841A EP 3564716 B1 EP3564716 B1 EP 3564716B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
liquid crystal
polarisation
automatic welding
colour
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EP19180841.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3564716A1 (de
Inventor
Kristina M. Magnusson
Kenneth Jarefors
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to SI201331953T priority Critical patent/SI3564716T1/sl
Publication of EP3564716A1 publication Critical patent/EP3564716A1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A61F9/065—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters
    • A61F9/067—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters with variable transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A61F9/065—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13338—Input devices, e.g. touch panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/23—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  for the control of the colour
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G02F1/13318—Circuits comprising a photodetector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
    • G02F1/1398—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell the twist being below 90°
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/05—Function characteristic wavelength dependent
    • G02F2203/055—Function characteristic wavelength dependent wavelength filtering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic welding filter.
  • the present invention relates to an automatic welding filter that changes from a light transmission state to a dark transmission state in response to incident welding light and includes a colour-tunable filter whose spectral transmittance can be varied to optimise the visual appearance of a welding task.
  • US 6,273,571 describes a system architecture for a display system with electronically controlled optical retarder stacks.
  • the system uses only one spatial light modulator and a color filter to determine what the color of the image created by the modulator will be when projected onto a display surface.
  • the color filter passes one of red, green or blue light at any given time.
  • the color filter can be placed between the light source and the modulator optics, between the modulator optics and the modulator, between the modulator and the projection optics, or made part of the projection optics itself.
  • the retarder stack for transforming at least partially polarized input light can include a first retarder and a second retarder.
  • the first retarder has a first retardance and a first orientation and the second retarder has a second retardance and a second orientation, both orientations with respect to the partially polarized light.
  • the first retardance, first orientation, second retardance, and second orientation can be arranged to yield the desired polarization transformed light which includes a first spectrum and a second spectrum.
  • the polarization of the first spectrum and the polarization of the second spectrum can be made orthogonal to each other.
  • the polarizations can be linear or elliptical. If the polarization transformed light is linear, the directions of polarizations are different and in one case can be made perpendicular.
  • One described embodiment includes a three-stage filter comprised of blue, green and red modulating stages placed between a pair of polarizers.
  • US 6,014,195 describes a liquid crystal display device, for displaying pure white, has a first substrate having first electrodes formed thereon; a second substrate positioned to face the first substrate and having second electrodes formed thereon; a liquid crystal sealed between the first and second substrates; and first and second polarization plates arranged to sandwich the first and second substrates and having such polarization characteristics that when the first and second polarization plates are placed one on the other in such a way as to have substantially perpendicular transmission axes, a value acquired by dividing a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 500 nm by a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 440 nm becomes substantially smaller than 0.4.
  • the first and second polarization plates have optical characteristics such that when the first and second polarization plates are placed one on the other in such a way as to have substantially parallel transmission axes, a value acquired by subtracting a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 640 nm from a transmittance of light with a wavelength of 460 nm is greater than -3%.
  • Automatic welding filters are well known, and generally consist of a switchable filter being located on, or as part of, personal protective equipment (e.g., headwear or eyewear).
  • the switchable filter is able to automatically switch from a light transmission state to a dark transmission state in response to activation by welding light. This is generally achieved by using a sensor located on, or as part of, personal protective equipment that detects the start of a welding arc and generates a corresponding control voltage which, when applied to the switchable filter, causes it to change from a light transmission state to a dark transmission state.
  • Activation of the switchable filter can also be controlled by transmitting activation signals along a communication channel between a welding torch and the automatic welding filter, which is controlled by a corresponding communication unit, see WO2007/047264 (Garbergs, et al. ). This technique ensures that the welding tool is not activated before the switchable filter has reached its dark transmission state.
  • US 2001/017681A1 describes a liquid crystal shutter construction, suitable for glass shields and automatically darkening welding glass filters, the shutter construction being switchable between a first state with high transmission of light and a second state with low transmission of light, and vice versa, in response to an electric control signal, the shutter construction having a nematic type liquid crystal cell disposed between transparent plates having electrodes for providing an electric field in response to the control signal, said plates having mutually facing surfaces, each of which is provided with alignment means for defining a respective molecule alignment direction for molecules in the proximity of said alignment means in the absence of said electric field, said liquid crystal cell being mounted between poLarisers, characterized in a retardation means disposed between the polarisers and being devised to compensate for remaining retardation of the liquid crystal cell when in an electrically activated state, said retardation means being arranged such that a fast axis of the retardation means differs from a fast axis of the inherent retardation of the liquid crystal cell.
  • a switchable filter can be formed by sandwiching a single twisted nematic liquid crystal cell between a pair of mutually crossed polarisers; however, the majority of commercial products now utilise a switchable filter formed by sandwiching two twisted nematic liquid crystal cells between three crossed polarisers.
  • the liquid crystal molecules are able to orientate when a voltage is applied across the liquid crystal cells, under the control of an electronic module.
  • the switchable filter is then automatically darkened by the electronic module, upon detection of incident welding light that falls on a photodetector.
  • Prior art automatic welding filters also include an interference filter which attenuates the harmful IR and UV wavelength components of the welding light, and a third liquid crystal cell can sometimes be included (usually a guest-host type liquid crystal cell) which provides a "fail-safe" intermediate transmission state in the case of failure of the electronic module.
  • WO95/29428 Hörnell, et al. discloses such a prior art automatic welding filter.
  • WO95/29428 also addresses the problem that, in the dark transmission state, the switchable filter is darkened unevenly due to the fact that the filter effect is heavily dependent upon the angle of incidence of the welding light.
  • WO95/29428 proposes a switchable filter including low twisted nematic liquid crystal cells, where the twist angle differs from the conventional 90 degrees, and is less than 85 degrees. This approach gives significant improvements in terms of homogeneity in the dark transmission state of the switchable filter.
  • the present invention aims to address these issues by providing an automatic welding filter, as defined in appended claim 1. Further aspects of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
  • An advantage of using a colour-tunable filter whose spectral transmittance can be varied in response to a user-selected colour signal is that the user is able to adjust the colour of the automatic welding filter in the dark transmission state, independently of the shade, to improve the visibility and optimise the visual appearance of a wide variety of welding tasks.
  • the colour-tunable filter may default to a fail-safe mode of operation by providing an intermediate transmission state.
  • the light transmission state corresponds to any of welding shades 2 to 4 and the dark transmission state corresponds to any of welding shades 7 to 14.
  • intermediate transmission state corresponds to any of welding shades 5 to 8.
  • the user-selected colour signal may be independent of the transmission state of the switchable filter.
  • the user-selected colour signal is adapted to vary in a continuous manner or by selecting a plurality of pre-defined user settings.
  • the spectral transmittance of the colour-tunable filter can be varied in the visible light range of 380nm to 780nm.
  • the present invention also provides a welding shield, comprising a protective shell with the automatic welding filter as described above disposed therein; and at least one sensor connected to the electronic control unit to detect incident light, the electronic control unit causes a voltage to be applied to the switchable filter in response to the activation signal which is indicative of the presence of incident light.
  • the automatic welding filter is replaceable.
  • the present invention has adopted the approach that it is beneficial for the user to be able to adjust the colour of the automatic welding filter in the dark transmission state, independently of the shade, to improve the visibility of different welding tasks.
  • the emission spectrum obtained from the welding arc varies depending on the welding method employed, the materials, and the shielding gas and current used. Equally, light scattered from the welding fumes will also affect the visual appearance of the task. This can otherwise make viewing the welding task much more difficult in the dark transmission state which can lead to a reduction in efficiency and weld quality.
  • a colour-tunable filter which additionally returns to a fail-safe condition in the event of failure of the electronic module means that an additional guest-host liquid crystal cell is no longer required.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an automatic welding filter 10 comprising a switchable filter and a colour-tunable filter, wherein the colour-tunable filter is not according to the claimed invention.
  • the outermost component of the welding filter 10 is a band pass filter 12 which serves to attenuate the IR and UV wavelength components from the high intensity welding light. This can be achieved using an interference filter which reflects IR radiation and absorbs the UVA, UVB and UVC components of the welding light. Alternatively, the skilled person will appreciate that band pass filter 12 could be achieved using a combination of separate IR and UV reflecting and/or absorbing filters.
  • the function of the band pass filter 12 is to eliminate the hazardous IR and UV wavelength components from the high intensity welding light.
  • the automatic welding filter 10 also includes a first polarisation filter 14, a first optically rotating liquid crystal cell 16, a second polarisation filter 18, a second optically rotating liquid crystal cell 20, and a third polarisation filter 22.
  • Polarisation filters 14, 18 and 22 have substantially orthogonal polarisation directions. In other words, the polarization direction of the second polarisation filter 18 is substantially orthogonal to the polarization direction of the first polarisation filter 14, and the third polarisation filter 22 has substantially the same polarisation direction as the first polarisation filter 14.
  • a colour-tunable filter In optical alignment with these components is a colour-tunable filter whose spectral transmittance can be varied by a user to control and optimise the visual appearance of the welding task.
  • the colour-tunable filter comprises a low twist liquid crystal cell 24 disposed between a pair of polarisation filters, the third polarisation filter 22 and a fourth polarisation filter 26.
  • the polarisation filters 22 and 26 having substantially parallel polarisation directions.
  • Figure 1 also shows that each of the liquid crystal cells 16, 20 and 24 are provided with connectors 30, 32 and 34, respectively, by which control voltages can be applied.
  • the colour-tunable filter comprises a low twist liquid crystal cell 24 disposed between the third and fourth polarisation filters 22 and 26 having substantially parallel polarisation directions.
  • the term "low twist” means having a twist angle of less than 90 degrees.
  • the low twist liquid crystal cell 24 has a twist angle of less than 90 degrees, typically zero or 1 to 60 degrees. More specifically, the twist angle of the low twist liquid crystal cell 24 is 30 to 50 degrees.
  • the low twist colour-tunable liquid crystal cell 24 is in many ways similar in design as the low twist liquid crystal cells 16 and 20 described below, but its operation is totally different because it is sandwiched between parallel polarisers 22 and 26, as opposed to crossed polarisers.
  • the colour-tunable liquid crystal cell 24 is dark and exhibits a certain colour, which appears predominately blue to the user, with no voltage is applied to the connectors 34.
  • the colour-tunable liquid crystal cell 24 becomes optically transparent when a voltage greater than around 4.0V is applied.
  • the viewed colour can then be varied at lower voltages (between around 0 and 2.0V), as described further in relation to Figure 5 .
  • the skilled person will appreciate that the voltage levels will be different for varying cell designs, depending on the liquid crystal materials used, different cell gap geometries etc.
  • a user can select a number of pre-defined user colour and shade settings or levels. These can be inputted digitally or via, for example, via a dial or variable potentiometer or the like.
  • the user-selected colour signal is then a voltage that is applied to the connectors 34 of the liquid crystal cell 24 and which alters the birefringence properties of the low twist liquid crystal cell 24.
  • the optical effect is wavelength dependent and transmittance peaks occur for certain wavelengths.
  • the transmittance peaks i.e. a greater fraction of the incident light that is able to pass through the liquid crystal cell 24 at a specified wavelength, can be shifted to different wavelengths by varying the voltage, as described below.
  • Liquid crystal cells 16 and 20 are also "low twist" cells. That is, they have a twist angle of less than 90 degrees, typically zero or 1 to 89 degrees.
  • a typical construction for this type of low twist cell consists of a twisted nematic type of liquid crystal material positioned between glass plates.
  • the inwardly facing glass plates of the liquid crystal cells are provided with transparent electrically conductive electrode layers (e.g., indium tin oxide layers) on which there is applied, for instance, a polyimide layer that has been treated mechanically, such as by brushing or rubbing, in specific alignment directions.
  • transparent electrically conductive electrode layers e.g., indium tin oxide layers
  • a polyimide layer that has been treated mechanically, such as by brushing or rubbing, in specific alignment directions.
  • the resulting structure in the liquid crystal defining surfaces forces the nematic molecules to take specific angular positions so that the molecules are twisted through their respective twist angle between the defining surfaces.
  • the low twist liquid crystal cell 24 is disposed between polarisation filters having substantially parallel polarisation directions that are aligned at an angle between 0 degrees and 15 degrees.
  • the polarisation plane is rotated as light passes through the cell and the filter becomes transparent.
  • the orientation of the nematic liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by applying an electric field between the defining surfaces.
  • the twist angles of the first and second liquid crystal cells 16 and 20 are between 20 degrees and 85 degrees.
  • the application of a voltage to connectors 30 and 32 creates an electric field between the defining surfaces.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules align with the electric field perpendicular to the defining surfaces, rather than parallel to them, and the cell achieves a darkened state.
  • a control voltage is applied to the low twist cells 16 and 20
  • the degree of rotation of the nematic molecules may be controlled by varying the control voltage, and thus the corresponding filter effect may also be controlled.
  • the result is that liquid crystal cells 16 and 20 are in a light transmission state in the absence of an applied voltage, and in a dark transmission state in the presence of an applied voltage.
  • the voltage levels will be different for varying cell designs, depending on the liquid crystal materials used, different cell gap geometries etc.
  • the light transmission state corresponds to any of welding shades 2 to 4 and the dark transmission state, being user-selectable, corresponds to any of welding shades 7 to 14, defined according to EN 379:2003.
  • FIG 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an automatic welding filter 10 of the present invention, mounted in an automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 that can be included in protective headgear, for example shield 40 (e.g. safety shield, also known as helmet).
  • Shield 40 includes a shield body 42.
  • Automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 includes automatic welding filter 10 that is placed in position to intercept electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light, UV light, IR, etc.).
  • the automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 is positioned in shield body 42 so that it is directly in front of the wearer's eyes when the shield is worn by the user.
  • one or more automatic darkening filter apparatuses 44 may be provided in any other suitable equipment or articles and for other applications.
  • automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 may be supplied as part of protective eyewear (e.g. goggles) rather than the full-coverage shield 42 of Figure 2 .
  • automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 may be provided in a hand held device, or in a window or aperture allowing inspection of a room, enclosure, machinery space etc., in which high intensity light may be present.
  • Automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 can be used in connection with industrial operations, for example welding (e.g. arc welding, torch welding, acetylene welding), cutting (e.g. laser cutting, acetylene cutting), brazing, soldering and the like. It can also be used in connection with medical procedures involving high intensity light (e.g. laser surgery, hair removal, tattoo removal, light-curing of dental resins, etc.). The skilled person will appreciate that many other uses are possible.
  • FIG 3 is a block diagram which illustrates schematically the operation of an automatic welding filter 10 of Figure 1 , and mounted in a protective shield 40.
  • the automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 includes an electronic control unit 50 for receiving and controlling the various signals to the automatic welding filter 10 and, more particularly, liquid crystal cells 16, 20 of the switchable filter and the liquid crystal cell 24 of the colour-tunable filter, via connectors 30, 32 and 34, respectively, as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the electronic control unit 50 receives two sets of user-selected signals, via a user input module 54. Firstly, the user can control the dark transmission state of the filter 10 between any of welding shades 7 to 14. Secondly, the user can independently select a number of pre-defined user colour settings which alter the colour of the automatic welding filter 10 inside the visible light spectrum of 380nm to 780nm.
  • the pre-defined user colour settings can be inputted via digital means, i.e. specific inputs or buttons corresponding to red, green, or blue etc.
  • the user-selected colour settings can be varied in a continuous or analogue manner, via a dial or variable potentiometer or the like, to optimise the visual appearance of a welding task.
  • the user is then able to adjust the colour of the automatic welding filter 10 in the dark transmission state, independently of the shade, to improve the visibility for a wide variety of welding tasks.
  • the electronic control unit 50 also includes an input detector 52.
  • Detector 52 is capable of detecting at least an input that indicates the presence of high intensity welding light.
  • detector 52 may be located physically close to some or all of the other components (hardware, etc.) of automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 or may be located physically remote from some or all of the other components.
  • the detector 52 is shown being physically located on the protective shield 40 but the skilled person will appreciate that the detector 52 could form part of the automatic darkening filter apparatus 44 or the welding filter 10 or be physically remote.
  • detector 52 can be implemented using various photodetector devices and technologies.
  • an input that indicates the presence of high intensity welding light can be generated by electronic control unit 50 in response to an activation signal generated by, for example, a welding tool or torch.
  • an activation signal generated by, for example, a welding tool or torch This is set out in WO2007/047264 (Garbergs, et al. ), and such an approach may also be used in connection with the present invention.
  • the colour-tunable filter 24 defaults to a fail-safe mode of operation by providing an intermediate transmission state.
  • the intermediate transmission state is a fail-safe or power-off mode that corresponds to any of welding shades 5 to 8, defined according to EN 379:2003.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a colour-tunable filter as being a single low twist liquid crystal cell 24 disposed between substantially parallel polarizers 22 and 26, an embodiment of a colour-tunable filter in accordance with the invention is illustrated in Figure 4 .
  • Figure 4 shows an exploded view of a colour-tunable filter that comprises two liquid crystal cells 60 and 62 that are disposed between polarisation filters 64, 66 and 68.
  • the first liquid crystal cell 60 is disposed between first and second polarisation filters 64 and 66, and wherein the second liquid crystal cell 62 is disposed between second and third polarisation filters 66 and 68.
  • the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the two liquid crystal cells 60 and 62 is 40 degrees.
  • the two liquid crystal cells 60 and 62 are substantially identical, but they are rotated by 180 degrees with respect to each other, to give less colour variation for different viewing angles.
  • the liquid crystals used are of the nematic type with a ⁇ n (difference between the refractive index of ordinary and extraordinary light rays) of 0.09 sandwiched between two optically clear substrates having a cell gap of 4 ⁇ m.
  • the inwardly facing surfaces of the optically clear substrates of the liquid crystal cells 60 and 62 are provided with transparent conductive electrode layers (e.g., indium tin oxide layers) on which there is applied an alignment layer, for instance a polyimide layer that has been treated mechanically, such as by brushing or rubbing, in specific alignment directions.
  • an alignment layer for instance a polyimide layer that has been treated mechanically, such as by brushing or rubbing, in specific alignment directions.
  • the application of a voltage to connectors 80 and 82 creates an electric field between the liquid crystal defining surfaces.
  • the nematic liquid crystal molecules align with the electric field perpendicular to the defining surfaces, rather than parallel to them, and the cells exhibits different spectral transmittance responses.
  • the alignment directions of the liquid crystal cells 60 and 62 are arranged substantially parallel to and oriented asymmetrically with respect to one another.
  • the alignment direction 61 of liquid crystal cell 60 is arranged substantially parallel to and oriented asymmetrically (i.e. in an opposite direction) with respect to alignment direction 69 of liquid crystal cell 62.
  • alignment direction 63 of liquid crystal cell 60 is arranged substantially parallel to and oriented asymmetrically with respect to alignment direction 67 of liquid crystal cell 62. This asymmetric orientation is illustrated by the opposite pointing arrows indicating the alignment directions 61, 63 and 67, 69 in Figure 4 .
  • the polarisers 64, 66 and 68 have different orientations, 0 degrees, 5 degrees and 10 degrees respectively from the vertical axis 70.
  • the polariser orientations have been selected to give a suitable spectral transmittance (colour) without voltage applied to connectors 80 and 82 and to minimise variations in colour over the viewing area of the welding filter 10 caused by cell gap variations.
  • Figure 5 shows different spectral transmittance responses obtained from the automatic welding filter 10 illustrated in Figure 1 .
  • Figure 5 shows three different spectral transmittance curves obtained for an automatic welding filter of the present invention.
  • the different spectral transmittance responses exhibit different colours at the same welding shade, defined according to EN 379:2003.
  • Spectral response A is obtained when no voltage (0V) is applied to the colour-tunable filter.
  • the colour that is observed through the automatic welding filter appears blue.
  • Spectral response B is obtained by applying a voltage of around 1.6V to the colour-tunable filter.
  • the colour that is observed through the automatic welding filter appears green.
  • Spectral response C is obtained by applying a voltage of around 1.3V to the colour-tunable filter.
  • the colour that is observed through the automatic welding filter appears red. This order is due to that there are two transmittance peaks.
  • the blue transmittance peak disappears when voltage is applied and the peak coming from the red side is moving towards the shorter wavelengths as the voltage is increased.
  • the user can select a number of pre-defined user colour settings which alter the colour of the automatic welding filter 10 inside the visible light spectrum of 380nm to 780nm.
  • the pre-defined user colour settings can be inputted digitally or via, for example, a dial or variable potentiometer.
  • the spectral transmission curve has a peak in the shorter wavelength part of the visible light spectrum and the view through the automatic welding filter 10 is predominantly blue.
  • the spectral transmission curve is shifted towards shorter wavelengths.
  • the blue transmittance peak moves away from the visible range and another transmittance peak moves into the visible range from the infrared side.
  • the colour-tunable filter is shifted to a transparent colour which is mainly used when the automatic welding filter 10 is in the light transmission state.

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Claims (11)

  1. Ein automatisches Schweißfilter (10), umfassend:
    ein schaltbares Filter, das als Reaktion auf ein Aktivierungssignal von einem Lichttransmissionszustand in einen Dunkeltransmissionszustand wechselt;
    ein farbabstimmbares Filter, das mit dem schaltbaren Filter optisch ausgerichtet ist; und
    eine elektronische Steuereinheit (50) zum Empfangen und Steuern der Signale,
    wobei das farbabstimmbare Filter zwei Flüssigkristallzellen (60, 62) umfasst, die zwischen Polarisationsfiltern (64, 66, 68) angeordnet sind, die im Wesentlichen parallele Polarisationsrichtungen aufweisen,
    wobei jede Flüssigkristallzelle einen Verbinder (80, 82) zum Anlegen unterschiedlicher Spannungen an die Flüssigkristallzelle umfasst;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    die spektrale Durchlässigkeit des farbabstimmbaren Filters als Reaktion auf ein vom Benutzer ausgewähltes Farbsignal variabel ist; und
    die Flüssigkristallzellen (60, 62) Flüssigkristallzellen mit geringer Verdrillung sind, die jeweils einen Verdrillungswinkel von 40 Grad aufweisen,
    wobei die erste Flüssigkristallzelle mit geringer Verdrillung (60) zwischen einem ersten Polarisationsfilter (64) und einem zweiten Polarisationsfilter (66) angeordnet ist,
    die zweite Flüssigkristallzelle mit geringer Verdrillung (62) zwischen dem zweiten Polarisationsfilter (66) und einem dritten Polarisationsfilter (68) angeordnet ist, wobei die Polarisationsfilter 64, 66 und 68 unterschiedlich orientierte Polarisationsrichtungen, 0 Grad, 5 Grad bzw. 10 Grad, von einer Bezugsachse aufweisen und
    die erste und die zweite Flüssigkristallzelle mit geringer Verdrillung (60, 62) im Wesentlichen identisch und 180 Grad relativ zueinander gedreht sind.
  2. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das vom Benutzer ausgewählte Farbsignal die Doppelbrechungseigenschaften der Flüssigkristallzellen mit geringer Verdrillung (60, 62) ändert.
  3. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das umschaltbare Filter eine erste und eine zweite verdrillte nematische Flüssigkristallzelle (16, 20) umfasst; und wobei die erste Flüssigkristallzelle (16) zwischen einem ersten und einem zweiten Polarisationsfilter (14, 18) angeordnet ist und wobei die zweite Flüssigkristallzelle (20) zwischen einem zweiten und einem dritten Polarisationsfilter (18, 22) angeordnet ist, wobei das zweite Polarisationsfilter (18) eine Polarisationsrichtung senkrecht zu einer Polarisationsrichtung des ersten Polarisationsfilters (14) und eines dritten Polarisationsfilters (22) aufweist; und ein Bandpassfilter (12), das die IR-und UV-Wellenlängenanteile dämpft.
  4. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Verdrillungswinkel der ersten und der zweiten Flüssigkristallzelle (16, 20) zwischen 20 Grad und 85 Grad betragen.
  5. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei im Falle des Ausfalls der elektronischen Steuereinheit (50) das farbeinstellbare Filter in einen störungssicheren Betriebsmodus übergeht, indem ein Zwischentransmissionszustand bereitgestellt wird.
  6. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Lichttransmissionszustand einer beliebigen der Schweißschutzstufen 2 bis 4 und der Dunkeltransmissionszustand einer beliebigen der Schweißschutzstufen 7 bis 14 entspricht, die gemäß EN 379:2003 definiert sind.
  7. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das vom Benutzer gewählte Farbsignal von dem Transmissionszustand des schaltbaren Filters unabhängig ist.
  8. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei das vom Benutzer gewählte Farbsignal auf eine kontinuierliche Weise oder durch Auswählen einer Mehrzahl von vordefinierten Benutzereinstellungen variabel ist.
  9. Das automatische Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die spektrale Durchlässigkeit des farbeinstellbaren Filters im sichtbaren Lichtbereich von 380 nm bis 780 nm variiert werden kann.
  10. Ein Schweißschutzschirm, umfassend:
    eine Schutzhülle (40) mit dem darin angeordneten automatischen Schweißfilter (10) nach Anspruch 1; und
    mindestens einen Sensor, der mit der elektronischen Steuereinheit (50) verbunden ist, um einfallendes Licht zu erfassen, wobei die elektronische Steuereinheit (50) bewirkt, dass als Reaktion auf das Aktivierungssignal, das das Vorhandensein von einfallendem Licht anzeigt, eine Spannung an das schaltbare Filter angelegt wird.
  11. Der Schweißschutzschirm nach Anspruch 10, wobei das automatische Schweißfilter (10) auswechselbar ist.
EP19180841.9A 2012-01-25 2013-01-15 Automatisches schweissfilter mit abstimmbarer spektraltransmission Active EP3564716B1 (de)

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SI201331953T SI3564716T1 (sl) 2012-01-25 2013-01-15 Avtomatski varilni filter z nastavljivim spektralnim prenosom

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GB1201164.9A GB2498726A (en) 2012-01-25 2012-01-25 Automatic welding filter with tunable spectral transmission
PCT/US2013/021512 WO2013115970A1 (en) 2012-01-25 2013-01-15 Automatic welding filter with tunable spectral transmission
EP13743198.7A EP2807508B1 (de) 2012-01-25 2013-01-15 Automatisches schweissfilter mit abstimmbarer spektralübertragung

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CN104115041A (zh) 2014-10-22
EP2807508B1 (de) 2019-06-19
GB201201164D0 (en) 2012-03-07
US20150001378A1 (en) 2015-01-01
PL2807508T3 (pl) 2020-03-31
EP2807508A1 (de) 2014-12-03
SI2807508T1 (sl) 2019-10-30
SI3564716T1 (sl) 2022-01-31
US9254226B2 (en) 2016-02-09
GB2498726A (en) 2013-07-31
EP2807508A4 (de) 2015-09-02
CN104115041B (zh) 2017-06-09
WO2013115970A1 (en) 2013-08-08
EP3564716A1 (de) 2019-11-06

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