EP3553444B1 - Improved heat pipe - Google Patents

Improved heat pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3553444B1
EP3553444B1 EP19168585.8A EP19168585A EP3553444B1 EP 3553444 B1 EP3553444 B1 EP 3553444B1 EP 19168585 A EP19168585 A EP 19168585A EP 3553444 B1 EP3553444 B1 EP 3553444B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
heat pipe
grooves
grooved
liquid
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EP19168585.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3553444A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Antoine Gruss
Mathieu Mariotto
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved functioning artery heat pipe.
  • the invention belongs to the field of heat exchange devices, in particular heat pipes, more particularly artery heat pipes. Specifically, the invention relates to arterial heat pipes as defined in the preamble of claim 1, and as disclosed in document US 7,051,793 .
  • a heat pipe comprises a hermetically sealed enclosure, a working fluid and a capillary network. During manufacture, all the air present in the heat pipe is evacuated and a quantity of liquid is introduced which makes it possible to saturate the capillary network. An equilibrium is then established between the liquid phase and the vapor phase.
  • the liquid Under the effect of a hot source applied to one of the ends, designated the evaporator, the liquid vaporizes by inducing a slight overpressure which causes the movement of the vapor towards the second end, designated the condenser.
  • the condenser In the condenser, the vapor condenses and returns to the liquid phase.
  • the condensed fluid circulates in the capillary network and returns to the evaporator under the effect of capillary forces.
  • the return of the liquid fluid from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is obtained by capillary pumping.
  • An arterial heat pipe is a heat pipe in which the return of the liquid phase from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is physically separated from the channel in which the vapor flows from the evaporator zone to the condenser zone.
  • the circulation of the liquid takes place in an artery which is adjacent to the channel in which the vapor circulates.
  • An example of such a heat pipe is described in the document US 4,422,501 .
  • the canal is formed by a tube and the artery is formed by an adjacent tube.
  • Grooves are formed in the inner face of the channel so as to open into the artery, which ensures the flow of liquid from the channel to the artery at the level of the condenser zone, and the resupply of the evaporator zone of the channel by the liquid. The grooves ensure also distribution in the evaporator zone to maximize the heat exchange coefficient.
  • Such a heat pipe makes it possible to operate in the absence of gravity, it is then generally used in the space field.
  • Artery heat pipes may experience defusing linked to the appearance of a vapor bubble in the liquid artery, preventing liquid water from being re-supplied to the channel at the level of the evaporator zone.
  • the appearance of vapor bubbles is due to the conduction of heat from the evaporator zone to the artery via the walls of the tube forming the channel.
  • an artery heat pipe sometimes includes a support plate on the outer surface of the vapor channel opposite the artery and ensuring the supply of heat to the evaporator zone and the extraction of heat to the condenser zone.
  • an artery heat pipe comprising a stack comprising between two end plates, at least one structured or perforated plate so as to delimit a vapor channel and a liquid or artery channel and at least two grooved plates arranged on either side of the structured plate, the grooves placing the vapor channel and the artery in communication.
  • the structured plate also has grooves so as to connect a groove of one grooved plate to a groove of the other grooved plate.
  • the conduction of heat from the face of the heat pipe intended to be heated towards the artery is reduced, in particular through the grooved plates which are very thin and have grooves. Indeed, they represent a reduced amount of conductive material compared to non-grooved plates. The risk of defusing is reduced.
  • the heat pipe comprises several structured plates, each surrounded by two grooved plates.
  • the vapor channel is separated into sub-channels as well as the liquid channel.
  • Each vapor sub-channel is supplied with liquid by the grooves of the grooved plates.
  • a recharge distributed throughout the vapor channel and not only on the edges, is obtained, the production of vapor is improved.
  • the grooved plates ensure efficient drainage of the liquid to the liquid channel in the condensation zone.
  • the face intended for heat exchange is formed by an edge of the stack formed by the edges of the stacked plates. This edge is for example parallel to the stacking direction.
  • the face intended for heat exchange can therefore be advantageously flat, which can promote heat exchange and simplify the placing of the heat pipe in contact with a hot source.
  • this face is formed directly during stacking. It is therefore not necessary to add flat faces, which is the case in the grooved heat pipes of the state of the art in which the faces planes are provided on the outer face of the tubes, and for which there is significant thermal resistance despite the fact that they are made of a thermally conductive material.
  • the first window may have third grooves made in an inner edge of the first post, the third grooves being arranged so that they connect a first groove of a grooved plate, and a first groove of another grooved plate forming with a second groove, a closed groove bordering the interior of the first window.
  • the thickness of the n +1 grooved plates is between 0.5 mm and 1 mm and the thickness of the n perforated plates is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
  • perforated plates is or are formed by a set of thin perforated plates assembled to each other.
  • the first, second and third grooves advantageously have a width of between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.
  • the n + 1 grooved plates may have grooves distributed uniformly from the first end zone to the second end zone.
  • the heat pipe may comprise at least two perforated plates and three grooved plates and the vapor channel and the liquid channel are divided into vapor sub-channels and liquid sub-channels respectively by grooved plates, said vapor sub-channels being in communication with each other by the first grooves and the liquid subchannels being in fluid communication with each other by the first grooves.
  • each perforated plate can include the assembly of several thin plates.
  • the plates have an aluminum alloy at the core and on its outer faces an eutectic aluminum alloy with a lower melting point than that of the core aluminum alloy and the connection is obtained by eutectic brazing.
  • the heat pipe has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape, this shape is not limiting, as will be described in the remainder of the description.
  • the heat pipe extends along a longitudinal axis X.
  • the Y and Z axes are orthogonal to each other and to the X axis.
  • the Y direction corresponds to the thickness of the heat pipe and the Z direction corresponds to the height of the heat pipe .
  • first face 2 through which the heat exchanges will take place, and a second face 4 opposite the first face 2.
  • the first and second faces are connected by side walls 6 and end walls 8.
  • the first face 2 comprises at a first longitudinal end 2.1 a surface intended to be in thermal contact with a heat source and designated hot surface, and at a second longitudinal end 2.2, a surface intended to be in thermal contact with a cold source, and designated cold surface.
  • the heat input to the hot surface is symbolized by the arrows F.
  • the heat pipe includes a ZV vaporization zone located in the heat pipe to the right of the hot surface, a ZC condensation zone located in the heat pipe to the right of the cold surface.
  • the ZV vaporization zone and the ZC condensation zone are connected by an adiabatic zone ZA
  • an arterial heat pipe like that of the invention, is divided into a CV channel in which the vapor circulates from the vaporization zone to the condensation zone, and a CL or artery channel in which the liquid circulates. from the second end to the first end.
  • the vapor channel CV is divided into subchannels 14, referred to as vapor subchannels, and the liquid channel CL is divided into subchannels 16, referred to as liquid subchannels.
  • the steam subchannels 14 and the liquid subchannels 16 extend between the first end and the second end.
  • the vapor subchannels are in fluid communication with each other and the liquid subchannels are in fluid communication with each other. Further, the liquid subchannels are in fluid communication with the vapor subchannels.
  • the body of the heat pipe is obtained by stacking and joining together plates of different structure to delimit the vapor and liquid channels and establish communications between the liquid and vapor channels.
  • the end plates 18 are solid. At least one of them has one or two orifices (not shown) to allow the heat pipe to be filled with fluid. This or these orifices are then sealed off.
  • the figures 3, 4 and 5 represent the structures of the plates making up the stack forming the heat pipe.
  • the perforated plates, a perforated plate 20 is shown alone on the figure 4 , comprise a first window 24 of larger size and a second window 26 of smaller size separated by an interior upright 30.
  • the first window 24 comprises an exterior upright 32 intended to form part of the first surface.
  • the second window has an outer upright 34 intended to form part of the second surface.
  • the interior upright is parallel to the two exterior uprights 32, 34.
  • the face of the inner upright 30 on the side of the first window is also provided with grooves 38 extending between the two faces of the perforated plate 20 and opening into the two faces.
  • the inner face 32.1 of the outer upright 32 is provided with grooves 36 extending between the two faces of the perforated plate 20 and opening into the two faces.
  • the perforated plate 20 comprises several identical thinner perforated plates assembled together, which makes it possible to simplify the manufacture, for example when the added plate has a thickness greater than 1 mm.
  • the grooved plates 22, one of which is shown alone on the figure 5 comprises grooves 40 extending in the Z direction and of sufficient size along the Z axis to be both in the vapor channels and in the liquid channels.
  • the grooves do not open out at the ends of the plate 22 in the Z direction.
  • the grooves are through in the Y direction, ie they pass through the thickness of the plate.
  • the grooves 40 allow, on the one hand, communication between the steam subchannels between them through the grooves 40, and on the other hand, communication between the liquid subchannels and the steam subchannels along the grooves 40 according to the direction Z.
  • the stack comprises two grooved plates 22 ′ in contact with the closure plate 18, the grooves 40 ′ have a closed bottom, these grooves only serve for circulation between the liquid sub-channels and the vapor sub-channels.
  • the stack comprises intermediate grooved plates 22 arranged across the width of the vapor and liquid channels in the Y direction.
  • each groove 40 is in the same plane as a groove 36 and a groove. 38 then forming a continuous groove bordering the interior of a steam channel. There are therefore as many grooves 40 as there are grooves 36 and 38.
  • the depths of the grooves 36, 38 and 40 are advantageously equal.
  • the stack alternates the perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, and the grooved plates 22.
  • each perforated plate, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, is surrounded. two grooved plates 22.
  • each perforated plate in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, delimits with two grooved plates, a vapor sub-channel and a liquid sub-channel separated by the internal upright.
  • the stack of internal uprights 30 forms a partition wall between the liquid channel and the vapor channel.
  • the grooves 40 allow the liquid to pass between the vapor channel and the liquid channel and between the liquid sub-channels between them and between the vapor sub-channels between them.
  • the groove passing through the transverse wall separating the liquid channel from the vapor channel we can see the groove passing through the transverse wall separating the liquid channel from the vapor channel.
  • the perforated plates in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, are thicker than the grooved plates, they ensure the rigidity of the heat pipe.
  • the grooved plates are advantageously made as thin as possible so as to reduce the quantity of thermal conductive material between the hot surface and the liquid channels, and reduce the risks of the appearance of vapor bubbles in the liquid channels.
  • the grooves have a width of 0.2 mm and a depth of 0.2 mm equal to the thickness of the grooved plates.
  • the distance between the grooves is 0.8 mm.
  • the width of the grooves is for example between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, and the depth of the grooves is for example between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the single-piece perforated plates is for example between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
  • the thinner plates have for example a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the grooved plates is equal to the depth of the grooves, it is therefore for example between 0.2 and 1 mm.
  • the distance between the grooves is for example between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
  • the interval between grooves is for example between 0.5 mm to 10 mm
  • the plates are secured together in a sealed manner, for example by diffusion welding, gluing, etc., the assembly technique depending on the materials of the plates.
  • the stack comprises at least two grooved plates 22 and one perforated plate 20, and preferably at most ten grooved plates 22 and nine perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates.
  • the filling fluids used in the heat pipe and intended to vaporize and condense which can be used, are fluids used in a known manner in heat pipes.
  • the fluid is chosen as a function of the operating and storage temperature range of the device. In addition, other criteria such as pressure, flammability and toxicity of the fluid can be taken into account.
  • the fluid is also chosen so that it is compatible with the materials of the plates and the method of assembly.
  • the ZV vaporizer zone is heated by the hot source through the hot surface, the fluid located in the vapor sub-channels is vaporized, and moves towards the ZC condensation zone through the adiabatic zone in the vapor sub-channels .
  • the vapor which arrives at the condensing zone is cooled through the surface 2.2, the vapor condenses and the liquid is deposited on the walls of the vapor subchannels, on the internal faces of the uprights 30 and 32 and on the grooved plates 22 and 22 '.
  • the liquid then flows to the liquid subchannels in the grooves 40.
  • the grooves 36 and 38 aid in the drainage of the liquid in the condensation zone to the liquid channels.
  • the intermediate grooved plates collect the liquid at the center of the vapor channel, the plates 22 'collect the liquid on the side walls of the vapor channel, and the grooves 40, 40' drain the liquid towards the liquid channel.
  • the liquid in the liquid subchannels at the second end of the heat pipe flows to the first end of the heat pipe in the liquid subchannels.
  • the liquid is then found in the liquid subchannels to the right of the vaporization zone.
  • the liquid then replenishes the vaporization zone by migrating by capillary action from the liquid subchannels to the vapor subchannels in the grooves 40, then circulates in the grooves 36 and is vaporized again.
  • the grooves 40 of the intermediate grooved plates ensure a liquid replenishment of the vaporization zone in the center of the channel and the grooves 40 'ensure circulation of the liquid on the side walls of the vapor channel.
  • the grooves 38 participate in the distribution of the liquid which evaporates over the entire width of the vapor channel.
  • the grooves 36 ensure the distribution of the liquid not yet evaporated near the hot source over the width of the vapor channel.
  • the grooves 36 and 38 increase the evaporation surfaces.
  • the liquid replenishment of the vaporization zone and the collection of liquid in the condensing zone are improved, optimizing the operation of the artery heat pipe.
  • the communication between the vapor sub-channels also allows pressure balancing. Communication between the liquid subchannels allows uniform distribution of the liquid across the width of the liquid channel.
  • the distance between the heated wall 2 and the artery makes it possible to avoid overheating the artery and the appearance of vapor bubbles in it.
  • the grooved plates Due to the structure of the heat pipe, the grooved plates can be made very thin and furthermore are provided with a large number of grooves, the amount of material for conducting heat from the first side to the liquid subchannels is therefore reduced. , which reduces the risk of the liquid heating up in the liquid subchannels and the appearance of vapor bubbles, which would lead to defusing the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe then has improved operation compared to those of the state of the art.
  • the number and spacing of the grooves are chosen so as to ensure the integrity of the grooved plate and limit load losses.
  • the grooves promote capillary pumping from the liquid zone to the vapor zone.
  • the risk of non-supply of liquid to the vaporization zone is reduced.
  • the grooves are present over the entire grooved plate between the vaporization zone and the condensation zone, limiting the heat transfer between the face 2 and the face 4.
  • the vapor channel and the liquid channel are divided into several sub-channels by intermediate grooved plates, a heat pipe in which the vapor channel and the single liquid channel are not divided into sub-channels, ie comprising a perforated plate surrounded by two grooved plates and two end plates does not go beyond the scope of the present invention.
  • grooves 40 may be inclined relative to the Z direction. Further, the grooves may not be parallel to each other.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention can be made of different materials such as, for example, an aluminum alloy, copper or stainless steel.
  • the technique of joining the sheets depends on the material.
  • vacuum brazing with clad sheets for example, in the case of aluminum alloy plates, vacuum brazing with clad sheets, salt bath brazing, inert gas brazing, ultrasonic welding, gluing, etc. can be used.
  • the assembly of aluminum alloy plates is obtained by eutectic brazing.
  • Aluminum alloy plates are used in known manner, one or both faces of which is or are coated with an aluminum alloy with a lower melting point.
  • an alloy sheet of the AA3xxxx series with the core is used, with a coating with a eutectic alloy of the AA4xxxx series comprising silicon with a lower melting point.
  • Coating is typically done by a roll-bond technique.
  • the total thickness of the plates is typically 0.05mm to 5mm, with a coating typically of 5% to 10% of the total thickness.
  • a first capillary pumped heat pipe of the state of the art with rectangular grooves comprises longitudinal grooves 610, as shown in FIG. figure 6 . This is produced by extrusion.
  • Each heat pipe has an evaporator length of 50 mm, an adiabatic zone length of 100 mm, a condenser length of 110 mm
  • Each heat pipe is made of copper.
  • the average heat pipe temperature is 60 ° C, which is approximately the vapor temperature in the adiabatic heat pipe zone.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is significantly more efficient than the heat pipe with rectangular grooves of the state of the art, whatever the inclination of the heat pipe.
  • Curve 1 ′ corresponds to the invention and curve II ′ to the heat pipe according to the invention.
  • the fluid is water.
  • the heat pipe is horizontal.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is significantly more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.
  • Each heat pipe has an evaporator length of 200 mm, an adiabatic zone length of 600 mm, a condenser length of 200 mm
  • Each heat pipe is made of aluminum alloy.
  • the average temperature of the heat pipe is 60 ° C.
  • the heat pipe according to the invention is significantly more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.
  • Plates of a given material are cut to the desired exterior shape for the heat pipe.
  • the windows are produced in all the perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates.
  • the windows are made for example by punching, laser cutting, by water jet cutting or by through chemical etching ...
  • the grooves are made in the plates 22, for example by mechanical machining or chemical etching.
  • the plates are then stacked by alternating the perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, and the grooved plates 22, so as to delimit the vapor sub-channels and the liquid sub-channels.
  • Grooved plates 22 are disposed at the ends so that the end channels also have grooves on both sides thereof, and then closure plates are disposed on the grooved plates 22 to laterally close the channels.
  • the plates are assembled, the assembly technique being chosen as a function of the material (s) of the plates, for example welding, brazing, gluing, etc., the assembly of the plates is sealed.
  • the heat pipe is then filled.
  • a filling orifice was made in one of the closure plates during the manufacture of the plates.
  • the fluid is chosen according to the operating conditions of the heat pipe (operating temperature, etc.) and the compatibility with the material (s) of the heat pipe.
  • the parallelepipedal shape of the heat pipe can facilitate its integration. In addition, it gives it flexibility and a degree of freedom in its realization.

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Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE ET ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURETECHNICAL FIELD AND STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

La présente invention se rapporte à un caloduc à artère à fonctionnement amélioré.The present invention relates to an improved functioning artery heat pipe.

L'invention appartient au domaine des dispositifs d'échange thermique, en particulier des caloducs, plus particulièrement des caloducs à artère. Spécifiquement, l'invention se rapporte aux caloducs à artères tels que définis dans le préambule de la revendication 1, et tels que divulgués dans le document US 7 051 793 .The invention belongs to the field of heat exchange devices, in particular heat pipes, more particularly artery heat pipes. Specifically, the invention relates to arterial heat pipes as defined in the preamble of claim 1, and as disclosed in document US 7,051,793 .

Un caloduc comporte une enceinte hermétiquement close, un fluide de travail et un réseau capillaire. Lors de la fabrication, tout l'air présent dans le tube caloduc est évacué et on introduit une quantité de liquide permettant de saturer le réseau capillaire. Il y a alors établissement d'un équilibre entre la phase liquide et la phase vapeur.A heat pipe comprises a hermetically sealed enclosure, a working fluid and a capillary network. During manufacture, all the air present in the heat pipe is evacuated and a quantity of liquid is introduced which makes it possible to saturate the capillary network. An equilibrium is then established between the liquid phase and the vapor phase.

Sous l'effet d'une source chaude appliquée à l'une des extrémités, désignée évaporateur, le liquide se vaporise en induisant une légère surpression qui provoque le mouvement de la vapeur vers la seconde extrémité, désignée condenseur. Au condenseur, la vapeur se condense et repasse en phase liquide. Le fluide condensé circule dans le réseau capillaire et revient vers l'évaporateur sous l'effet de forces capillaires. Le retour du fluide liquide de la zone condenseur à la zone évaporateur est obtenu par pompage capillaire.Under the effect of a hot source applied to one of the ends, designated the evaporator, the liquid vaporizes by inducing a slight overpressure which causes the movement of the vapor towards the second end, designated the condenser. In the condenser, the vapor condenses and returns to the liquid phase. The condensed fluid circulates in the capillary network and returns to the evaporator under the effect of capillary forces. The return of the liquid fluid from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is obtained by capillary pumping.

Un caloduc à artère est un caloduc dans lequel le retour de la phase liquide de la zone condenseur à la zone évaporateur est physiquement séparé du canal dans lequel circule la vapeur de la zone évaporateur vers la zone condenseur. La circulation du liquide se fait dans une artère qui est adjacente au canal dans lequel circule la vapeur. Un exemple d'un tel caloduc est décrit dans le document US 4 422 501 . Le canal est formé par un tube et l'artère est formée par un tube adjacent. Des rainures sont formées dans la face intérieure du canal de sorte à déboucher dans l'artère, qui assure l'écoulement du liquide du canal vers l'artère au niveau de la zone condenseur, et la réalimentation de la zone évaporateur du canal par le liquide. Les rainures assurent également la distribution dans la zone évaporateur pour maximiser le coefficient d'échange.An arterial heat pipe is a heat pipe in which the return of the liquid phase from the condenser zone to the evaporator zone is physically separated from the channel in which the vapor flows from the evaporator zone to the condenser zone. The circulation of the liquid takes place in an artery which is adjacent to the channel in which the vapor circulates. An example of such a heat pipe is described in the document US 4,422,501 . The canal is formed by a tube and the artery is formed by an adjacent tube. Grooves are formed in the inner face of the channel so as to open into the artery, which ensures the flow of liquid from the channel to the artery at the level of the condenser zone, and the resupply of the evaporator zone of the channel by the liquid. The grooves ensure also distribution in the evaporator zone to maximize the heat exchange coefficient.

En séparant le flux liquide du flux vapeur, les interfaces liquide/vapeur dans la partie adiabatique du caloduc, le flux maximum d'entraînement des particules liquides par la vapeur est annihilé.By separating the liquid flow from the vapor flow, the liquid / vapor interfaces in the adiabatic part of the heat pipe, the maximum entrainment flow of liquid particles by the vapor is annihilated.

Un tel caloduc permet de fonctionner en l'absence de gravité, il est alors généralement utilisé dans le domaine spatial.Such a heat pipe makes it possible to operate in the absence of gravity, it is then generally used in the space field.

Les caloducs à artère peuvent connaître un désamorçage lié à l'apparition de bulle de vapeur dans l'artère liquide, empêchant la réalimentation en eau liquide du canal au niveau de la zone évaporateur. L'apparition de bulles de vapeur est due à la conduction de la chaleur de la zone évaporateur à l'artère via les parois du tube formant le canal.Artery heat pipes may experience defusing linked to the appearance of a vapor bubble in the liquid artery, preventing liquid water from being re-supplied to the channel at the level of the evaporator zone. The appearance of vapor bubbles is due to the conduction of heat from the evaporator zone to the artery via the walls of the tube forming the channel.

En outre, un caloduc à artère comporte parfois une platine support sur la surface extérieure du canal vapeur à l'opposé de l'artère et assurant l'apport de chaleur à la zone évaporateur et l'extraction, de chaleur à la zone condenseur.In addition, an artery heat pipe sometimes includes a support plate on the outer surface of the vapor channel opposite the artery and ensuring the supply of heat to the evaporator zone and the extraction of heat to the condenser zone.

On connait également les caloducs cylindriques à rainures réentrantes utilisées principalement dans le domaine spatial dont une représentation schématique est visible sur la figure 7. La forme des rainures réentrantes est limitée par les contraintes mécaniques sur la filière du procédé de fabrication par extrusion. Une vue de face et une vue arrière de cette filière sont représentées sur les figures 8A et 8B respectivement tirées du document Ömür, Cem, A. Bilge Uygur, İlhami Horuz, H. Gürgüç I

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
k, Sad
Figure imgb0002
k Ayan, et Murat Konar. 2018. « Incorporation of manufacturing constraints into an algorithm for the determination of maximum heat transport capacity of extruded axially grooved heat pipes ». International Journal of Thermal Sciences 123 (January). We also know the cylindrical heat pipes with reentrant grooves used mainly in the space field, a schematic representation of which is visible on the figure 7 . The shape of the reentrant grooves is limited by the mechanical stresses on the die of the manufacturing process by extrusion. A front view and a rear view of this die are shown on the figures 8A and 8B respectively taken from the document Ömür, Cem, A. Bilge Uygur, İlhami Horuz, H. Gürgüç I
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
k, Sad
Figure imgb0002
k Ayan, and Murat Konar. 2018. “Incorporation of manufacturing constraints into an algorithm for the determination of maximum heat transport capacity of extruded axially grooved heat pipes”. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 123 (January).

EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

C'est par conséquent un but de la présente invention d'offrir un caloduc à artère présentant un fonctionnement amélioré, et présentant notamment un risque de désamorçage réduit.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an artery-type heat pipe exhibiting improved operation, and in particular exhibiting a reduced risk of defusing.

Le but énoncé ci-dessus est atteint par caloduc à artère comportant un empilement comprenant entre deux plaques d'extrémité, au moins une plaque structurée ou ajourée de sorte à délimiter un canal vapeur et un canal liquide ou artère et au moins deux plaques rainurées disposées de part et d'autre de la plaque structurée, les rainures mettant en communication le canal vapeur et l'artère. La plaque structurée comporte également des rainures de sorte à relier une rainure d'une plaque rainurée à une rainure de l'autre plaque rainurée.The object stated above is achieved by an artery heat pipe comprising a stack comprising between two end plates, at least one structured or perforated plate so as to delimit a vapor channel and a liquid or artery channel and at least two grooved plates arranged on either side of the structured plate, the grooves placing the vapor channel and the artery in communication. The structured plate also has grooves so as to connect a groove of one grooved plate to a groove of the other grooved plate.

Grâce à l'invention, la conduction de la chaleur de la face du caloduc destinée à être échauffée vers l'artère est réduite, notamment à travers les plaques rainurées qui sont très fines et présentent des rainures. En effet, elles représentent une quantité de matériau conducteur réduite par rapport à des plaques non rainurées. Le risque de désamorçage est réduit.Thanks to the invention, the conduction of heat from the face of the heat pipe intended to be heated towards the artery is reduced, in particular through the grooved plates which are very thin and have grooves. Indeed, they represent a reduced amount of conductive material compared to non-grooved plates. The risk of defusing is reduced.

De préférence, le caloduc comporte plusieurs plaques structurées, chacune entourée par deux plaques rainurées. Ainsi le canal vapeur est séparé en sous-canaux ainsi que le canal liquide. Chaque sous-canal vapeur est réalimenté en liquide par les rainures des plaques rainurées Une réalimentation distribuée dans tout le canal vapeur et non pas uniquement sur les bords, est obtenue, la production de vapeur est améliorée. En outre les plaques rainurées assurent un drainage efficace du liquide vers le canal liquide dans la zone de condensation.Preferably, the heat pipe comprises several structured plates, each surrounded by two grooved plates. Thus the vapor channel is separated into sub-channels as well as the liquid channel. Each vapor sub-channel is supplied with liquid by the grooves of the grooved plates. A recharge distributed throughout the vapor channel and not only on the edges, is obtained, the production of vapor is improved. In addition, the grooved plates ensure efficient drainage of the liquid to the liquid channel in the condensation zone.

La réalisation d'un caloduc à artère par empilements de plaques est simplifiée par rapport à la réalisation d'un caloduc à artère de l'état de la technique comportant deux tubes parallèles, obtenu par extrusion. En outre la réalisation de rainures est simplifiée.The production of an artery heat pipe by stacks of plates is simplified compared to the production of an artery heat pipe of the state of the art comprising two parallel tubes, obtained by extrusion. In addition, the production of grooves is simplified.

En outre, la face destinée aux échanges thermiques est formée par un bord de l'empilement formé par les bords des plaques empilées. Ce bord est par exemple parallèle à la direction d'empilement. La face destinée aux échanges thermique peut donc être avantageusement plane ce qui peut favoriser les échanges thermiques et simplifier la mise en contact du caloduc avec une source chaude. En outre, cette face est formée directement lors de l'empilement. Il n'est donc pas requis de rajouter des faces planes, ce qui est le cas dans les caloducs à rainures de l'état de la technique dans lesquels des faces planes sont prévues sur la face extérieure des tubes, et pour lesquelles il existe une résistance thermique importante malgré le fait qu'elles sont en matériau conducteur thermique.In addition, the face intended for heat exchange is formed by an edge of the stack formed by the edges of the stacked plates. This edge is for example parallel to the stacking direction. The face intended for heat exchange can therefore be advantageously flat, which can promote heat exchange and simplify the placing of the heat pipe in contact with a hot source. In addition, this face is formed directly during stacking. It is therefore not necessary to add flat faces, which is the case in the grooved heat pipes of the state of the art in which the faces planes are provided on the outer face of the tubes, and for which there is significant thermal resistance despite the fact that they are made of a thermally conductive material.

La présente invention a alors pour objet un caloduc à artère comportant une première face, dont une première zone d'extrémité est destinée à être échauffée et une deuxième zone d'extrémité est destinée à être refroidie, une deuxième face opposée à la première face, un canal vapeur et un canal liquide s'étendant entre la première zone d'extrémité et la deuxième zone d'extrémité, le caloduc comportant également un empilement de plaques comprenant :

  • deux plaques d'extrémité,
  • n plaques ajourées, n ≥ 1, chaque plaque ajourée comprenant une première fenêtre comportant un premier montant du côté de la première face, une deuxième fenêtre comportant un deuxième montant du côté de la deuxième face et un troisième montant commun aux première et deuxième fenêtres, les n premières fenêtres délimitant en partie le canal vapeur et les n deuxièmes fenêtres délimitant en partie le canal liquide,
  • n+ 1 plaques rainurées, chaque plaque rainurée comportant des premières rainures, la plaque ajourée étant interposée entre deux plaques rainurées, les premières rainures étant orientées par rapport à la plaque ajourée, de sorte que les premières rainures s'étendent entre la première fenêtre et la deuxième fenêtre, les premières rainures traversant l'épaisseur des plaques rainurées,
  • la première fenêtre comportant des deuxièmes rainures réalisées dans un bord intérieur du troisième montant, les deuxièmes rainures étant disposées de sorte qu'elles relient une première rainure d'une plaque rainurée et une première rainure d'une autre plaque rainurée.
The present invention therefore relates to an artery heat pipe comprising a first face, of which a first end zone is intended to be heated and a second end zone is intended to be cooled, a second face opposite the first face, a vapor channel and a liquid channel extending between the first end zone and the second end zone, the heat pipe also comprising a stack of plates comprising:
  • two end plates,
  • n perforated plates, n ≥ 1, each perforated plate comprising a first window comprising a first upright on the side of the first face, a second window comprising a second upright on the side of the second face and a third upright common to the first and second windows, the first n windows partly delimiting the vapor channel and the n second windows partly delimiting the liquid channel,
  • n + 1 grooved plates, each grooved plate comprising first grooves, the perforated plate being interposed between two grooved plates, the first grooves being oriented relative to the perforated plate, so that the first grooves extend between the first window and the second window, the first grooves crossing the thickness of the grooved plates,
  • the first window comprising second grooves made in an inner edge of the third post, the second grooves being arranged so that they connect a first groove of a grooved plate and a first groove of another grooved plate.

La première fenêtre peut comporter des troisièmes rainures réalisées dans un bord intérieur du premier montant, les troisièmes rainures étant disposées de sorte qu'elles relient une première rainure d'une plaque rainurée, et une première rainure d'une autre plaque rainurée formant avec une deuxième rainure, une rainure fermée bordant l'intérieur de la première fenêtre.The first window may have third grooves made in an inner edge of the first post, the third grooves being arranged so that they connect a first groove of a grooved plate, and a first groove of another grooved plate forming with a second groove, a closed groove bordering the interior of the first window.

Avantageusement, l'épaisseur des n +1 plaques rainurées est comprise entre 0,5 mm et 1 mm et l'épaisseur des n plaques ajourées est comprise entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm.Advantageously, the thickness of the n +1 grooved plates is between 0.5 mm and 1 mm and the thickness of the n perforated plates is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

Dans un exemple de réalisation, ou plusieurs plaques ajourées est ou sont formées par un ensemble de plaques ajourées fines assemblées les unes aux autres.In an exemplary embodiment, or several perforated plates is or are formed by a set of thin perforated plates assembled to each other.

Les premières, deuxièmes et troisièmes rainures ont avantageusement une largeur comprise entre 0,2 mm et 0,5 mm.The first, second and third grooves advantageously have a width of between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm.

Les n + 1 plaques rainurées peuvent comporter des rainures réparties uniformément de la première zone d'extrémité vers la deuxième zone d'extrémité.The n + 1 grooved plates may have grooves distributed uniformly from the first end zone to the second end zone.

Le caloduc peut comporter au moins deux plaques ajourées et trois plaques rainurées et le canal vapeur et le canal liquide sont divisés en sous canaux vapeur et en sous canaux liquide respectivement par des plaques rainurées, lesdits sous-canaux vapeur étant en communication entre eux par les premières rainures et les sous-canaux liquide étant en communication fluidique entre eux par les premières rainures.The heat pipe may comprise at least two perforated plates and three grooved plates and the vapor channel and the liquid channel are divided into vapor sub-channels and liquid sub-channels respectively by grooved plates, said vapor sub-channels being in communication with each other by the first grooves and the liquid subchannels being in fluid communication with each other by the first grooves.

La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un caloduc à artère comportant, à partir de plaques de dimensions extérieures données :

  • Réalisation des plaques ajourées,
  • Réalisation des plaques rainurées,
  • Réalisation des plaques de fermeture,
  • Empilement desdites plaques de sorte qu'une plaque ajourée soit entourée de deux plaques rainurées, et que chaque plaque d'extrémité soit en contact direct avec une plaque rainurée,
  • Solidarisation desdites plaques de sorte à délimiter une enceinte étanche,
  • Remplissage partiel du caloduc avec un fluide sous forme liquide.
The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an artery heat pipe comprising, from plates of given external dimensions:
  • Creation of perforated plates,
  • Realization of grooved plates,
  • Realization of closing plates,
  • Stacking said plates so that a perforated plate is surrounded by two grooved plates, and each end plate is in direct contact with a grooved plate,
  • Joining of said plates so as to define a sealed enclosure,
  • Partial filling of the heat pipe with a fluid in liquid form.

La réalisation chaque plaque ajourée peut comporter l'assemblage de plusieurs plaques fines.The realization each perforated plate can include the assembly of several thin plates.

Par exemple, les plaques comportent à cœur un alliage d'aluminium et sur ses faces extérieures un alliage d'aluminium eutectique à point de fusion inférieur à celui de l'alliage d'aluminium à cœur et la solidarisation est obtenue par brasure eutectique.For example, the plates have an aluminum alloy at the core and on its outer faces an eutectic aluminum alloy with a lower melting point than that of the core aluminum alloy and the connection is obtained by eutectic brazing.

BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

La présente invention sera mieux comprise sur la base de la description qui va suivre et des dessins en annexe sur lesquels:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un caloduc à artère selon un exemple de réalisation,
  • - la figure 2A est une vue en coupe selon un plan A-A orthogonal à l'axe du caloduc,
  • - la figure 2B est une vue en coupe selon un plan B-B incliné par rapport au plan A-A,
  • - la figure 3 est une vue éclatée du caloduc de la figure 1,
  • - la figure 4 est une vue d'une plaque de l'empilement de la figure 3,
  • - la figure 5 est une vue d'une autre plaque de l'empilement de la figure 3,
  • - - la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un caloduc à artère de l'état de la technique,
  • - - la figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un caloduc à rainures réentrantes de l'état de la technique,
  • - les figures 8A et 8B sont des vues avant et arrière de la filière utilisée pour réaliser les rainures réentrantes lors de la réalisation par extrusion du caloduc de la figure 7,
  • - la figure 9 est un graphique représentant les variations de limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de l'inclinaison du caloduc de la figure 1 et du caloduc de la figure 6 utilisant l'eau comme fluide de travail, ceci à une température de 60°.
  • - la figure 10 est un graphique représentant les variations de la limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de la température du caloduc dans le cas du caloduc de la figure 1 et du caloduc de la figure 6 utilisant de l'eau comme fluide de travail, ceci à une inclinaison de 0° par rapport à l'horizontale,
  • - La figure 11 est un graphique représentant les variations de la limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de la température du caloduc dans le cas du caloduc de la figure 1 et du caloduc de la figure 7 utilisant de l'ammoniac comme fluide de travail, ceci à une inclinaison de 0° par rapport à l'horizontal.
The present invention will be better understood on the basis of the description which follows and the appended drawings in which:
  • - the figure 1 is a perspective view of an artery heat pipe according to an exemplary embodiment,
  • - the figure 2A is a sectional view along a plane AA orthogonal to the axis of the heat pipe,
  • - the figure 2B is a sectional view along a plane BB inclined with respect to the plane AA,
  • - the figure 3 is an exploded view of the heat pipe of the figure 1 ,
  • - the figure 4 is a view of a plate of the stack of the figure 3 ,
  • - the figure 5 is a view of another plate of the stack of the figure 3 ,
  • - - the figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an artery heat pipe of the state of the art,
  • - - the figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a heat pipe with reentrant grooves of the state of the art,
  • - the figures 8A and 8B are front and rear views of the die used to make the reentrant grooves during the production by extrusion of the heat pipe of the figure 7 ,
  • - the figure 9 is a graph representing the variations of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the inclination of the heat pipe of the figure 1 and the heat pipe of the figure 6 using water as the working fluid, this at a temperature of 60 °.
  • - the figure 10 is a graph representing the variations of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the temperature of the heat pipe in the case of the heat pipe of the figure 1 and the heat pipe of the figure 6 using water as the working fluid, this at an inclination of 0 ° from the horizontal,
  • - The figure 11 is a graph showing the variations of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the temperature of the heat pipe in the case of the heat pipe of the figure 1 and the heat pipe of the figure 7 using ammonia as working fluid, this at an inclination of 0 ° with respect to the horizontal.

EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERSDETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS

Sur la figure 1, on peut voir une vue en perspective d'un caloduc selon un exemple de réalisation.On the figure 1 , we can see a perspective view of a heat pipe according to an exemplary embodiment.

Dans l'exemple représenté, le caloduc à une forme parallélépipédique rectangle, cette forme n'est pas limitative, comme cela sera décrit dans la suite de la description.In the example shown, the heat pipe has a rectangular parallelepipedal shape, this shape is not limiting, as will be described in the remainder of the description.

Le caloduc s'étend le long d'un axe longitudinal X. Les axes Y et Z sont orthogonaux entre eux et à l'axe X. La direction Y correspond à l'épaisseur du caloduc et la direction Z correspond à la hauteur du caloduc.The heat pipe extends along a longitudinal axis X. The Y and Z axes are orthogonal to each other and to the X axis. The Y direction corresponds to the thickness of the heat pipe and the Z direction corresponds to the height of the heat pipe .

Il comporte une première face 2 à travers laquelle les échanges thermiques vont avoir lieu, et une deuxième face 4 opposée à la première face 2. Les première et deuxième faces sont reliées par des parois latérales 6 et des parois d'extrémité 8.It comprises a first face 2 through which the heat exchanges will take place, and a second face 4 opposite the first face 2. The first and second faces are connected by side walls 6 and end walls 8.

La première face 2 comporte à une première extrémité longitudinale 2.1 une surface destinée à être en contact thermique avec une source de chaleur et désignée surface chaude, et à une deuxième extrémité longitudinale 2.2, une surface destinée à être en contact thermique avec une source froide, et désignée surface froide.The first face 2 comprises at a first longitudinal end 2.1 a surface intended to be in thermal contact with a heat source and designated hot surface, and at a second longitudinal end 2.2, a surface intended to be in thermal contact with a cold source, and designated cold surface.

L'apport de chaleur à la surface chaude est symbolisé par les flèches F.The heat input to the hot surface is symbolized by the arrows F.

Le caloduc comporte une zone de vaporisation ZV située dans le caloduc au droit de la surface chaude, une zone de condensation ZC située dans le caloduc au droit de la surface froide. La zone de vaporisation ZV et la zone de condensation ZC sont reliées par une zone adiabatique ZAThe heat pipe includes a ZV vaporization zone located in the heat pipe to the right of the hot surface, a ZC condensation zone located in the heat pipe to the right of the cold surface. The ZV vaporization zone and the ZC condensation zone are connected by an adiabatic zone ZA

L'intérieur d'un caloduc à artère, comme celui de l'invention, est divisé en un canal CV dans lequel circule la vapeur de la zone de vaporisation à la zone de condensation, et un canal CL ou artère dans lequel circule le liquide de la deuxième extrémité à la première extrémité.The interior of an arterial heat pipe, like that of the invention, is divided into a CV channel in which the vapor circulates from the vaporization zone to the condensation zone, and a CL or artery channel in which the liquid circulates. from the second end to the first end.

Sur les figures 2A et 2B, on peut voir une vue en coupe du caloduc. Le canal vapeur CV est divisé en sous-canaux 14, désignés sous-canaux vapeur, et le canal liquide CL est divisé en sous-canaux 16, désignés sous-canaux liquide.On the figures 2A and 2B , we can see a sectional view of the heat pipe. The vapor channel CV is divided into subchannels 14, referred to as vapor subchannels, and the liquid channel CL is divided into subchannels 16, referred to as liquid subchannels.

Les sous-canaux vapeur 14 et les sous-canaux liquides 16 s'étendent entre la première extrémité et la deuxième extrémité. Comme cela sera expliqué ci-dessous, les sous-canaux vapeur sont en communication fluidique entre eux et les sous-canaux liquides sont en communication fluidique entre eux. En outre, les sous-canaux liquides sont en communication fluidique avec les sous-canaux vapeur. Le corps du caloduc est obtenu en empilant et en solidarisant des plaques de structure différente pour délimiter les canaux vapeur et liquide et établir les communications entre les canaux liquide et vapeur.The steam subchannels 14 and the liquid subchannels 16 extend between the first end and the second end. As will be explained below, the vapor subchannels are in fluid communication with each other and the liquid subchannels are in fluid communication with each other. Further, the liquid subchannels are in fluid communication with the vapor subchannels. The body of the heat pipe is obtained by stacking and joining together plates of different structure to delimit the vapor and liquid channels and establish communications between the liquid and vapor channels.

Dans l'exemple représenté, l'empilement d'axe Y comporte des plaques de trois types :

  • des plaques d'extrémité 18 formant les parois latérales du caloduc et destinées à fermer de manière étanche les canaux,
  • des plaques ajourées 20 structurées de sorte à délimiter la partie vapeur et la partie liquide,
  • des plaques rainurées 22 délimitant les canaux et assurant la communication entre la partie vapeur et la partie liquide.
In the example shown, the Y-axis stack has three types of plates:
  • end plates 18 forming the side walls of the heat pipe and intended to seal the channels,
  • perforated plates 20 structured so as to delimit the vapor part and the liquid part,
  • grooved plates 22 delimiting the channels and ensuring communication between the vapor part and the liquid part.

Dans l'exemple représenté, toutes les plaques 18, 20 et 22 ont les mêmes dimensions extérieures.In the example shown, all the plates 18, 20 and 22 have the same external dimensions.

Les plaques d'extrémité 18 sont pleines. Au moins l'une d'entre elles comporte un ou deux orifices (non représentés) pour permettre de remplir le caloduc en fluide. Ce ou ces orifices sont ensuite obturés de manière étanche.The end plates 18 are solid. At least one of them has one or two orifices (not shown) to allow the heat pipe to be filled with fluid. This or these orifices are then sealed off.

Les figures 3, 4 et 5 représentent les structures des plaques composant l'empilement formant le caloduc.The figures 3, 4 and 5 represent the structures of the plates making up the stack forming the heat pipe.

Les plaques ajourées, une plaque ajourée 20 est représentée seule sur la figure 4, comportent une première fenêtre 24 de plus grande taille et une deuxième fenêtre 26 de plus petite taille séparées par un montant intérieur 30. La première fenêtre 24 comporte un montant extérieur 32 destiné à former une partie de la première surface. La deuxième fenêtre comporte un montant extérieur 34 destiné à former une partie de la deuxième surface. Le montant intérieur est parallèle aux deux montants extérieurs 32, 34.The perforated plates, a perforated plate 20 is shown alone on the figure 4 , comprise a first window 24 of larger size and a second window 26 of smaller size separated by an interior upright 30. The first window 24 comprises an exterior upright 32 intended to form part of the first surface. The second window has an outer upright 34 intended to form part of the second surface. The interior upright is parallel to the two exterior uprights 32, 34.

La face du montant intérieur 30 du côté de la première fenêtre est également munie de rainures 38 s'étendant entre les deux faces de la plaque ajourée 20 et débouchant dans les deux faces. De manière avantageuse, la face intérieure 32.1 du montant extérieur 32 est munie de rainures 36 s'étendant entre les deux faces de la plaque ajourée 20 et débouchant dans les deux faces.The face of the inner upright 30 on the side of the first window is also provided with grooves 38 extending between the two faces of the perforated plate 20 and opening into the two faces. Advantageously, the inner face 32.1 of the outer upright 32 is provided with grooves 36 extending between the two faces of the perforated plate 20 and opening into the two faces.

Dans un exemple avantageux, la plaque ajourée 20 comporte plusieurs plaques identiques plus fines ajourées assemblées ensemble, ce qui permet de simplifier la fabrication, par exemple lorsque la plaque ajoutée a une épaisseur supérieure à 1 mm.In an advantageous example, the perforated plate 20 comprises several identical thinner perforated plates assembled together, which makes it possible to simplify the manufacture, for example when the added plate has a thickness greater than 1 mm.

Les plaques rainurées 22, dont une est représentée seule sur la figure 5, comporte des rainures 40 s'étendant dans la direction Z et de dimension le long de l'axe Z suffisante pour être à la fois dans les canaux vapeur et dans les canaux liquide. Les rainures ne débouchent pas au niveau des extrémités de la plaque 22 dans la direction Z. les rainures sont traversantes dans la direction Y, i.e. elles traversent l'épaisseur de la plaque.The grooved plates 22, one of which is shown alone on the figure 5 , comprises grooves 40 extending in the Z direction and of sufficient size along the Z axis to be both in the vapor channels and in the liquid channels. The grooves do not open out at the ends of the plate 22 in the Z direction. The grooves are through in the Y direction, ie they pass through the thickness of the plate.

Les rainures 40 permettent d'une part une communication entre les sous-canaux vapeur entre eux à travers les rainures 40, et d'autre part la communication entre les sous-canaux liquide et les sous-canaux vapeur le long des rainures 40 selon la direction Z.The grooves 40 allow, on the one hand, communication between the steam subchannels between them through the grooves 40, and on the other hand, communication between the liquid subchannels and the steam subchannels along the grooves 40 according to the direction Z.

L'empilement comporte deux plaques rainurées 22' en contact avec les plaque de fermeture 18, les rainures 40' présente un fond fermé, ces rainures ne servent qu'à la circulation entre les sous-canaux liquide et les sous-canaux vapeur. L'empilement comporte des plaques rainures 22 intercalaires disposées dans la largeur des canaux vapeur et liquide dans la direction Y.The stack comprises two grooved plates 22 ′ in contact with the closure plate 18, the grooves 40 ′ have a closed bottom, these grooves only serve for circulation between the liquid sub-channels and the vapor sub-channels. The stack comprises intermediate grooved plates 22 arranged across the width of the vapor and liquid channels in the Y direction.

En outre l'espacement entre les rainures 40 le long de la direction X est identique à celui des rainures 36 et 38 de sorte qu'une fois les plaques empilées, chaque rainure 40 est dans le même plan qu'une rainure 36 et une rainure 38 formant alors une rainure continue bordant l'intérieur d'un canal vapeur. Il y a donc autant de rainures 40 que de rainures 36 et 38. Les profondeurs des rainures 36, 38 et 40 sont avantageusement égales.Further, the spacing between the grooves 40 along the X direction is the same as that of the grooves 36 and 38 so that once the plates are stacked, each groove 40 is in the same plane as a groove 36 and a groove. 38 then forming a continuous groove bordering the interior of a steam channel. There are therefore as many grooves 40 as there are grooves 36 and 38. The depths of the grooves 36, 38 and 40 are advantageously equal.

L'empilement alterne les plaques ajourées 20, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées, et les plaques rainurées 22. Ainsi chaque plaque ajourée, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées, est entourée de deux plaques rainurées 22.The stack alternates the perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, and the grooved plates 22. Thus each perforated plate, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, is surrounded. two grooved plates 22.

Sur la figure 2A, on peut voir la structure intérieure du caloduc obtenue par l'empilement des plaques. Chaque plaque ajourée, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées, délimite avec deux plaques rainurées, un sous-canal vapeur et un sous-canal liquide séparé par le montant intérieur. L'empilement des montants intérieurs 30 forme une paroi de séparation entre le canal liquide et le canal vapeur.On the figure 2A , we can see the internal structure of the heat pipe obtained by stacking the plates. Each perforated plate, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, delimits with two grooved plates, a vapor sub-channel and a liquid sub-channel separated by the internal upright. The stack of internal uprights 30 forms a partition wall between the liquid channel and the vapor channel.

Les rainures 40 permettent au liquide de passer entre le canal vapeur et le canal liquide et entre les sous-canaux liquides entre eux et entre les sous-canaux vapeurs entre eux. Sur la figure 2B, on peut voir la rainure traversant la paroi transversale séparant le canal liquide du canal vapeur.The grooves 40 allow the liquid to pass between the vapor channel and the liquid channel and between the liquid sub-channels between them and between the vapor sub-channels between them. On the figure 2B , we can see the groove passing through the transverse wall separating the liquid channel from the vapor channel.

Les plaques ajourées, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées, sont plus épaisses que les plaques rainurées, elles assurent la rigidité du caloduc. Les plaques rainurées sont réalisées avantageusement les plus fines possible de sorte à réduire la quantité de matériau conducteur thermique entre la surface chaude et les canaux liquide, et réduire les risques d'apparition des bulles de vapeur dans les canaux liquides.The perforated plates, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, are thicker than the grooved plates, they ensure the rigidity of the heat pipe. The grooved plates are advantageously made as thin as possible so as to reduce the quantity of thermal conductive material between the hot surface and the liquid channels, and reduce the risks of the appearance of vapor bubbles in the liquid channels.

Par exemple, les rainures ont une largeur de 0,2 mm et une profondeur de 0,2 mm égale à l'épaisseur des plaques rainurées. La distance entre les rainures est de 0,8 mm.For example, the grooves have a width of 0.2 mm and a depth of 0.2 mm equal to the thickness of the grooved plates. The distance between the grooves is 0.8 mm.

La largeur des rainures est par exemple comprise entre 0,2 mm et 1 mm, et la profondeur des rainures est par exemple comprise entre 0,2 mm et à 1 mm. L'épaisseur des plaques ajourées d'un seul tenant est par exemple comprise entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm. Dans le cas des plaques ajourées comportant un ensemble de plaques plus fines, par exemple lorsque les plaques ajourées ont une épaisseur supérieure à 1 mm, les plaques plus fines ont par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 mm et 1 mm. L'épaisseur des plaques rainurées est égale à la profondeur des rainures, elle est donc par exemple comprise entre 0,2 et 1mm.The width of the grooves is for example between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, and the depth of the grooves is for example between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. The thickness of the single-piece perforated plates is for example between 0.5 mm and 5 mm. In the case of perforated plates comprising a set of thinner plates, for example when the perforated plates have a thickness greater than 1 mm, the thinner plates have for example a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The thickness of the grooved plates is equal to the depth of the grooves, it is therefore for example between 0.2 and 1 mm.

La distance entre les rainures est par exemple comprise entre 0, 5 mm et 10 mm.The distance between the grooves is for example between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.

L'intervalle entre rainures est compris par exemple entre 0,5 mm à 10 mm
Les plaques sont solidarisées entre elles de manière étanche, par exemple par soudure diffusion, collage...la technique d'assemblage dépendant des matériaux des plaques.The interval between grooves is for example between 0.5 mm to 10 mm
The plates are secured together in a sealed manner, for example by diffusion welding, gluing, etc., the assembly technique depending on the materials of the plates.

L'empilement comporte au moins deux plaques rainurées 22 et une plaque ajourée 20, et de préférence au plus dix plaques rainurées 22 et neuf plaques ajourées 20, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées.The stack comprises at least two grooved plates 22 and one perforated plate 20, and preferably at most ten grooved plates 22 and nine perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates.

Les fluides de remplissage mis en œuvre dans le caloduc et destinés à se vaporiser et à se condenser, utilisables, sont des fluides utilisés de manière connue dans les caloducs. Le fluide est choisi en fonction de la gamme de température de fonctionnement et de stockage du dispositif. En outre, peuvent être pris en compte d'autres critères tels que la pression, l'inflammabilité, la toxicité du fluide. Le fluide est également choisi de sorte qu'il soit compatible avec les matériaux des plaques et le mode d'assemblage.The filling fluids used in the heat pipe and intended to vaporize and condense, which can be used, are fluids used in a known manner in heat pipes. The fluid is chosen as a function of the operating and storage temperature range of the device. In addition, other criteria such as pressure, flammability and toxicity of the fluid can be taken into account. The fluid is also chosen so that it is compatible with the materials of the plates and the method of assembly.

A titre d'exemple, dans le cas d'un caloduc réalisé en alliage d'aluminium assemblé par brasure eutectique, l'ammoniac, l'acétone, le méthanol, le n-heptane, le R134a et autres fluides frigorigènes fluorés peuvent être utilisés.By way of example, in the case of a heat pipe made of aluminum alloy assembled by eutectic brazing, ammonia, acetone, methanol, n-heptane, R134a and other fluorinated refrigerants can be used. .

Le fonctionnement du caloduc va maintenant être décrit.The operation of the heat pipe will now be described.

La zone vaporisateur ZV est échauffée par la source chaude à travers la surface chaude, le fluide situé dans les sous-canaux vapeurs est vaporisé, et se déplace en direction de la zone de condensation ZC à travers la zone adiabatique dans les sous-canaux vapeur. La vapeur qui arrive à la zone de condensation est refroidie à travers la surface 2.2, la vapeur se condense et la liquide se dépose sur les parois des sous-canaux vapeur, sur les faces intérieures des montants 30 et 32 et sur les plaques rainurées 22 et 22'. Le liquide s'écoule alors vers les sous-canaux liquides dans les rainures 40. Les rainures 36 et 38 aident au drainage du liquide dans la zone de condensation vers les canaux liquide. Les plaques rainurées intercalaires assurent une collecte du liquide au centre du canal vapeur, les plaques 22' assurent une collecte du liquide sur les parois latérales du canal vapeur, et les rainures 40, 40' drainent le liquide vers le canal liquide.The ZV vaporizer zone is heated by the hot source through the hot surface, the fluid located in the vapor sub-channels is vaporized, and moves towards the ZC condensation zone through the adiabatic zone in the vapor sub-channels . The vapor which arrives at the condensing zone is cooled through the surface 2.2, the vapor condenses and the liquid is deposited on the walls of the vapor subchannels, on the internal faces of the uprights 30 and 32 and on the grooved plates 22 and 22 '. The liquid then flows to the liquid subchannels in the grooves 40. The grooves 36 and 38 aid in the drainage of the liquid in the condensation zone to the liquid channels. The intermediate grooved plates collect the liquid at the center of the vapor channel, the plates 22 'collect the liquid on the side walls of the vapor channel, and the grooves 40, 40' drain the liquid towards the liquid channel.

Le liquide situé dans les sous-canaux liquide au niveau de la deuxième extrémité du caloduc circule vers la première extrémité du caloduc dans les sous-canaux liquide. Le liquide se trouve alors dans les sous-canaux liquides au droit de la zone de vaporisation. Le liquide réalimente alors la zone de vaporisation en migrant par capillarité des sous-canaux liquides aux sous-canaux vapeurs dans les rainures 40, puis circule dans les rainures 36 et est à nouveau vaporisé. Les rainures 40 des plaques rainurées intercalaires assurent une réalimentation en liquide de la zone de vaporisation au centre du canal et les rainures 40' assurent une circulation du liquide sur les parois latérales du canal vapeur. Les rainures 38 participent à la distribution du liquide qui s'évapore sur toute la largeur du canal vapeur. Les rainures 36 assurent la distribution du liquide non encore évaporé à proximité de la source chaude sur la largeur du canal vapeur. Les rainures 36 et 38 augmentent les surfaces d'évaporation.The liquid in the liquid subchannels at the second end of the heat pipe flows to the first end of the heat pipe in the liquid subchannels. The liquid is then found in the liquid subchannels to the right of the vaporization zone. The liquid then replenishes the vaporization zone by migrating by capillary action from the liquid subchannels to the vapor subchannels in the grooves 40, then circulates in the grooves 36 and is vaporized again. The grooves 40 of the intermediate grooved plates ensure a liquid replenishment of the vaporization zone in the center of the channel and the grooves 40 'ensure circulation of the liquid on the side walls of the vapor channel. The grooves 38 participate in the distribution of the liquid which evaporates over the entire width of the vapor channel. The grooves 36 ensure the distribution of the liquid not yet evaporated near the hot source over the width of the vapor channel. The grooves 36 and 38 increase the evaporation surfaces.

Selon une variante, les plaques 22' sont omises aux extrémités, néanmoins l'équilibre thermique des cellules des bords peut être affecté.Alternatively, the plates 22 'are omitted at the ends, however the thermal balance of the edge cells may be affected.

La réalimentation en liquide de la zone de vaporisation et la collecte du liquide dans la zone de condensation sont améliorées, optimisant le fonctionnement du caloduc à artère.The liquid replenishment of the vaporization zone and the collection of liquid in the condensing zone are improved, optimizing the operation of the artery heat pipe.

La communication entre les sous-canaux vapeurs permet en outre un équilibrage des pressions. La communication entre les sous-canaux liquides permet une répartition uniforme du liquide dans toute la largeur du canal liquide.The communication between the vapor sub-channels also allows pressure balancing. Communication between the liquid subchannels allows uniform distribution of the liquid across the width of the liquid channel.

En outre, la distance entre la paroi chauffée 2 et l'artère permet d'éviter de trop chauffer l'artère et l'apparition de bulles de vapeur dans celle ci
Du fait de la structure du caloduc, les plaques rainurées peuvent être réalisées très fines et sont en outre munies d'un grand nombre de rainures, la quantité de matériau pour conduire la chaleur de la première face vers les sous-canaux liquides est donc réduite, ce qui réduit les risques d'échauffements du liquide dans les sous-canaux liquides et l'apparition de bulles de vapeur, qui conduirait au désamorçage du caloduc. Le caloduc présente alors un fonctionnement amélioré par rapport à ceux de l'état de la technique. Le nombre et l'espacement des rainures sont choisis de sorte à assurer l'intégrité de la plaque rainurée et limiter les pertes de charger.In addition, the distance between the heated wall 2 and the artery makes it possible to avoid overheating the artery and the appearance of vapor bubbles in it.
Due to the structure of the heat pipe, the grooved plates can be made very thin and furthermore are provided with a large number of grooves, the amount of material for conducting heat from the first side to the liquid subchannels is therefore reduced. , which reduces the risk of the liquid heating up in the liquid subchannels and the appearance of vapor bubbles, which would lead to defusing the heat pipe. The heat pipe then has improved operation compared to those of the state of the art. The number and spacing of the grooves are chosen so as to ensure the integrity of the grooved plate and limit load losses.

Les rainures favorisent le pompage capillaire de la zone liquide vers la zone vapeur. Ainsi le risque de non alimentation en liquide de la zone de vaporisation est réduit. Plus le pompage du canal liquide vers le canal vapeur est favorisé, plus le retour du liquide dans les sous-canaux liquides est favorisé.The grooves promote capillary pumping from the liquid zone to the vapor zone. Thus the risk of non-supply of liquid to the vaporization zone is reduced. The more the pumping of the liquid channel towards the vapor channel is favored, the more the return of the liquid in the liquid subchannels is favored.

De manière préférée, les rainures sont présentes sur toute la plaque rainurée entre la zone de vaporisation et la zone de condensation, limitant le transfert de chaleur entre la face 2 et la face 4.Preferably, the grooves are present over the entire grooved plate between the vaporization zone and the condensation zone, limiting the heat transfer between the face 2 and the face 4.

Dans l'exemple représenté, le canal vapeur et le canal liquide sont divisées en plusieurs sous-canaux par des plaques rainurées intercalaires, un caloduc dans lequel le canal vapeur et le seul canal liquide ne sont pas divisés en sous-canaux, i.e. comportant une plaque ajourée entourée de deux plaques rainurées et deux plaques d'extrémité ne sort pas du cadre de la présente invention.In the example shown, the vapor channel and the liquid channel are divided into several sub-channels by intermediate grooved plates, a heat pipe in which the vapor channel and the single liquid channel are not divided into sub-channels, ie comprising a perforated plate surrounded by two grooved plates and two end plates does not go beyond the scope of the present invention.

En outre, les rainures 40 peuvent être inclinées par rapport à la direction Z, En outre, les rainures peuvent ne pas être parallèles entre elles.Further, the grooves 40 may be inclined relative to the Z direction. Further, the grooves may not be parallel to each other.

Le caloduc selon l'invention peut être réalisé en différents matériaux tels que, par exemple un alliage d'aluminium, en cuivre, en acier inoxydable.The heat pipe according to the invention can be made of different materials such as, for example, an aluminum alloy, copper or stainless steel.

La technique d'assemblage des tôles dépend du matériau.The technique of joining the sheets depends on the material.

Par exemple, dans le cas de plaques en alliage d'aluminium, on peut utiliser la brasure sous vide avec tôles cladées, la brasure au bain de sel, la brasure sous gaz inerte, le soudage par ultrasons, le collage...For example, in the case of aluminum alloy plates, vacuum brazing with clad sheets, salt bath brazing, inert gas brazing, ultrasonic welding, gluing, etc. can be used.

Dans le cas de plaque en cuivre, en acier inoxydable ou en superalliage, on peut utiliser la soudure diffusion, la brasure diffusion, le collage...In the case of copper, stainless steel or superalloy plate, diffusion welding, diffusion brazing, bonding, etc. can be used.

A titre d'exemple, l'assemblage de plaques en alliage d'aluminium est obtenu par brasure eutectique. On utilise de manière connue des plaques en alliage d'aluminium dont une ou les deux faces est ou sont revêtue(s) d'un alliage aluminium à plus bas point de fusion.By way of example, the assembly of aluminum alloy plates is obtained by eutectic brazing. Aluminum alloy plates are used in known manner, one or both faces of which is or are coated with an aluminum alloy with a lower melting point.

Par exemple, on utilise une tôle en alliage de la série AA3xxxx à cœur, avec un revêtement avec un alliage eutectique de la série AA4xxxx comprenant du silicium à plus bas point de fusion.For example, an alloy sheet of the AA3xxxx series with the core is used, with a coating with a eutectic alloy of the AA4xxxx series comprising silicon with a lower melting point.

Le revêtement se fait typiquement par une technique de roll-bond.Coating is typically done by a roll-bond technique.

L'épaisseur totale des plaques est typiquement de 0,05 mm à 5 mm, avec un revêtement typiquement de 5% à 10% de l'épaisseur totale.The total thickness of the plates is typically 0.05mm to 5mm, with a coating typically of 5% to 10% of the total thickness.

En pressant à chaud deux plaques d'aluminium ainsi revêtues à une température supérieure à la température de fusion de l'eutectique, mais inférieure à la température de l'alliage à cœur, l'alliage eutectique en surface fond et forme un alliage de brasure d'assemblage étanche entre les deux plaques.By hot pressing two aluminum plates thus coated at a temperature above the melting point of the eutectic, but below the temperature of the core alloy, the eutectic alloy on the surface melts and forms a brazing alloy. tight assembly between the two plates.

Nous allons maintenant comparer les performances de caloducs selon l'invention et de caloducs à pompage capillaire de l'état de la technique.We will now compare the performance of heat pipes according to the invention and of capillary pumping heat pipes of the state of the art.

Un premier caloduc à pompage capillaire de l'état de la technique avec rainures rectangulaires comporte des rainures longitudinales 610, tel que représenté sur la figure 6. Celui-ci est réalisé par extrusion.A first capillary pumped heat pipe of the state of the art with rectangular grooves comprises longitudinal grooves 610, as shown in FIG. figure 6 . This is produced by extrusion.

Chaque caloduc présente une longueur de l'évaporateur de 50 mm, une longueur de la zone adiabatique de 100 mm, une longueur du condenseur de 110 mmEach heat pipe has an evaporator length of 50 mm, an adiabatic zone length of 100 mm, a condenser length of 110 mm

Chaque caloduc est réalisé en cuivre. La température moyenne du caloduc est de 60°C, qui est approximativement la température vapeur dans la zone adiabatique de caloduc.Each heat pipe is made of copper. The average heat pipe temperature is 60 ° C, which is approximately the vapor temperature in the adiabatic heat pipe zone.

Le caloduc à pompage capillaire à rainures rectangulaires de la figure 6 de l'état de la technique présente les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • Diamètre intérieur Di : 10 mm,
  • Diamètre extérieur De : 12 mm,
  • Largeur de rainure Le: 0,2 mm,
  • Profondeur de rainure Pe : 0,2 mm,
  • Nombre de rainures : 44.
The rectangular grooved capillary pumped heat pipe of the figure 6 of the state of the art has the following characteristics:
  • Internal diameter Di: 10 mm,
  • External diameter From: 12 mm,
  • Groove width Le: 0.2 mm,
  • Groove depth Pe: 0.2 mm,
  • Number of grooves: 44.

Le caloduc à artère selon l'invention présente les caractéristiques suivantes (figure 2A) :

  • Dimension extérieure Le: 12 mm,
  • Hauteur extérieure He: 12 mm,
  • Largeur du canal vapeur Lv : 10 mm,
  • Hauteur du canal vapeur Hv : 7,5 mm,
  • Largeur du canal liquide LI: 10 mm,
  • Hauteur du canal liquide HI : 1,5 mm,
  • Largeur de rainures Lr : 0,2 mm,
  • Profondeur des rainures Pr: 0,5 mm.
The artery heat pipe according to the invention has the following characteristics ( figure 2A ):
  • External dimension Le: 12 mm,
  • External height He: 12 mm,
  • Steam channel width Lv: 10 mm,
  • Height of the steam channel Hv: 7.5 mm,
  • LI liquid channel width: 10 mm,
  • HI liquid channel height: 1.5 mm,
  • Groove width Lr: 0.2 mm,
  • Groove depth Pr: 0.5 mm.

Sur la figure 9, on peut voir la variation de la limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de l'angle d'inclinaison α du caloduc en °, i.e. l'inclinaison de l'axe X par rapport à la direction horizontale. La courbe I correspond à l'invention et la courbe II au caloduc selon l'invention. Les valeurs d'inclinaison négatives correspondent à des positions du caloduc dans lesquelles l'évaporateur est au-dessus du condenseur. Le fluide est de l'eau.On the figure 9 , we can see the variation of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the angle of inclination α of the heat pipe in °, ie the inclination of the axis X with respect to the horizontal direction. Curve I corresponds to the invention and curve II to the heat pipe according to the invention. Negative tilt values correspond to heat pipe positions where the evaporator is above the condenser. The fluid is water.

On constate que le caloduc selon l'invention est sensiblement plus performant que le caloduc à rainures rectangulaires de l'état de la technique, quelle que soit l'inclinaison du caloduc.It can be seen that the heat pipe according to the invention is significantly more efficient than the heat pipe with rectangular grooves of the state of the art, whatever the inclination of the heat pipe.

Sur la figure 10, on peut voir la variation de la limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de la température moyenne adiabatique du caloduc. La courbe l' correspond à l'invention et la courbe II' au caloduc selon l'invention. Le fluide est de l'eau. Le caloduc est à l'horizontal.On the figure 10 , we can see the variation of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the average adiabatic temperature of the heat pipe. Curve 1 ′ corresponds to the invention and curve II ′ to the heat pipe according to the invention. The fluid is water. The heat pipe is horizontal.

On constate que le caloduc selon l'invention est sensiblement plus performant que le caloduc de l'état de la technique, quelle que soit la température du caloduc.It is noted that the heat pipe according to the invention is significantly more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.

Sur la figure 7, on peut voir un deuxième caloduc à pompage capillaire cylindrique de l'état de la technique, à rainures réentrantes longitudinales, tel que représenté. Celui-ci est réalisé par extrusion.On the figure 7 , one can see a second heat pipe with cylindrical capillary pumping of the state of the art, with longitudinal reentrant grooves, as shown. This is produced by extrusion.

Chaque caloduc présente une longueur de l'évaporateur de 200 mm, une longueur de la zone adiabatique de 600 mm, une longueur du condenseur de 200 mmEach heat pipe has an evaporator length of 200 mm, an adiabatic zone length of 600 mm, a condenser length of 200 mm

Chaque caloduc est réalisé en alliage d'aluminium. La température moyenne du caloduc est de 60°C.Each heat pipe is made of aluminum alloy. The average temperature of the heat pipe is 60 ° C.

Le caloduc cylindrique à pompage capillaire à rainures réentrantes de la figure 7 de l'état de la technique présente les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • Diamètre intérieur Di : 8,5 mm,
  • Diamètre extérieur De : 13,2 mm,
  • Largeur de rainure Le: 0,5 mm,
  • Diamètre des canaux réentrants : 1,1 mm,
  • Nombre de rainures : 21.
The reentrant grooved capillary pumped cylindrical heat pipe of the figure 7 of the state of the art has the following characteristics:
  • Internal diameter Di: 8.5 mm,
  • Outside diameter De: 13.2 mm,
  • Groove width Le: 0.5 mm,
  • Diameter of reentrant channels: 1.1 mm,
  • Number of grooves: 21.

Le caloduc plat à artère selon l'invention présente les caractéristiques suivantes (figure 2A) :

  • Dimension extérieure Le: 13,2 mm,
  • Hauteur extérieure He: 13,2 mm,
  • Largeur du canal vapeur Lv : 10,2 mm,
  • Hauteur du canal vapeur Hv : 3,6 mm
  • Largeur du canal liquide LI: 10,2 mm,
  • Hauteur du canal liquide HI : 2,5 mm,
  • Largeur de rainures Lr : 0,5 mm,
  • Profondeur des rainures Pr: 0,5 mm.
The flat artery heat pipe according to the invention has the following characteristics ( figure 2A ):
  • External dimension Le: 13.2 mm,
  • External height He: 13.2 mm,
  • Steam channel width Lv: 10.2 mm,
  • Height of the steam channel Hv: 3.6 mm
  • LI liquid channel width: 10.2 mm,
  • HI liquid channel height: 2.5 mm,
  • Groove width Lr: 0.5 mm,
  • Groove depth Pr: 0.5 mm.

Sur la figure 11, on peut voir la variation de la limite capillaire Lc en Watt en fonction de la température moyenne adiabatique du caloduc. La courbe I" correspond à l'invention et la courbe II" au caloduc selon l'invention. Le fluide est de l'ammoniac.On the figure 11 , we can see the variation of the capillary limit Lc in Watt as a function of the average adiabatic temperature of the heat pipe. Curve I "corresponds to the invention and curve II" to the heat pipe according to the invention. The fluid is ammonia.

On constate que le caloduc selon l'invention est sensiblement plus performant que le caloduc de l'état de la technique, quelle que soit la température du caloduc.It is noted that the heat pipe according to the invention is significantly more efficient than the heat pipe of the state of the art, whatever the temperature of the heat pipe.

Il sera compris que les différents exemples et variantes de réalisation ne sont pas exclusives les uns des autres et peuvent être combinées tout ou en partie.It will be understood that the different examples and variant embodiments are not mutually exclusive and can be combined in whole or in part.

Un exemple de procédé de réalisation va maintenant être décrit.An exemplary production method will now be described.

Des plaques en un matériau données sont découpées suivant la forme extérieure souhaitée pour le caloduc.Plates of a given material are cut to the desired exterior shape for the heat pipe.

Lors d'une étape suivante, les fenêtres sont réalisées dans toutes les plaques ajourée 20, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées. Les fenêtres sont réalisées par exemple par poinçonnage, découpe laser, par découpe au jet d'eau ou par gravure chimique traversante...In a following step, the windows are produced in all the perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates. The windows are made for example by punching, laser cutting, by water jet cutting or by through chemical etching ...

Les rainures sont réalisées dans les plaques 22, par exemple par usinage mécanique ou gravure chimique.The grooves are made in the plates 22, for example by mechanical machining or chemical etching.

Les plaques sont ensuite empilées en alternant les plaques ajourées 20, d'un seul tenant ou comportant une pluralité de plaques fines ajourées, et les plaques rainurées 22, de sorte à délimiter les sous-canaux vapeur et les sous-canaux liquide. Des plaques rainurées 22 sont disposées aux extrémités de sorte que les canaux d'extrémité comportent également des rainures sur leurs deux faces, et ensuite des plaques de fermetures sont disposées sur les plaques rainurées 22 pour fermer latéralement les canaux. Les plaques sont assemblées, la technique d'assemblage étant choisie en fonction du ou des matériaux des plaques, par exemple soudage, brasage, collage...l'assemblage des plaques est étanche.The plates are then stacked by alternating the perforated plates 20, in one piece or comprising a plurality of thin perforated plates, and the grooved plates 22, so as to delimit the vapor sub-channels and the liquid sub-channels. Grooved plates 22 are disposed at the ends so that the end channels also have grooves on both sides thereof, and then closure plates are disposed on the grooved plates 22 to laterally close the channels. The plates are assembled, the assembly technique being chosen as a function of the material (s) of the plates, for example welding, brazing, gluing, etc., the assembly of the plates is sealed.

Le caloduc est ensuite rempli. Un orifice de remplissage a été ménagé dans une des plaques de fermeture lors de la fabrication des plaques. Le fluide est choisi en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du caloduc (température de fonctionnement...) et de la compatibilité avec le ou les matériaux du caloduc.The heat pipe is then filled. A filling orifice was made in one of the closure plates during the manufacture of the plates. The fluid is chosen according to the operating conditions of the heat pipe (operating temperature, etc.) and the compatibility with the material (s) of the heat pipe.

La réalisation d'un caloduc selon l'invention est simplifiée par rapport à celle de caloducs à artère de l'état de la technique.The production of a heat pipe according to the invention is simplified compared to that of artery heat pipes of the state of the art.

En outre la forme parallélépipédique du caloduc, ou au moins muni de faces planes peut faciliter son intégration. De plus elle lui confère une souplesse et un degré de liberté dans sa réalisation.In addition, the parallelepipedal shape of the heat pipe, or at least one provided with flat faces, can facilitate its integration. In addition, it gives it flexibility and a degree of freedom in its realization.

Claims (10)

  1. An artery heat pipe including a first face (2) of which a first end zone is for being heated and a second end zone is for being cooled, a second face (4) opposite to the first face, a vapour channel (CV) and a liquid channel (CL) extending between the first end zone and the second end zone, wherein the heat pipe also includes a stack of plates comprising:
    - two end plates (18),
    - n perforated plates (20), n ≥ 1, each perforated plate comprising a first window (24) including a first post (32) on the side of the first face (2), a second window (26) including a second post (34) on the side of the second face (4) and a third post (30) common to the first (24) and second (26) windows, the n first windows (24) partly delimiting the vapour channel (CV) and the n second windows (26) partly delimiting the liquid channel (CL),
    - n+1 grooved plates (22), each grooved plate (22) including first grooves (40), the perforated plate (20) being interposed between two grooved plates (22), the first grooves (40) being oriented relative to the perforated plate (20), so that the first grooves (40) extend between the first window (24) and the second window (26), the first grooves (40) passing through the thickness of the grooved plates (22), the artery heat pipe being characterised in that
    - the first window (24) includes second grooves (38) made in a lower edge of the third post (30), the second grooves (38) being disposed so as to connect a first groove (40) of a grooved plate (22) and a first groove (40) of another grooved plate (22).
  2. The artery heat pipe according to claim 1, wherein the first window (24) includes third grooves (36) made in an inner edge of the first post (32), the third grooves (36) being disposed so as to connect a first groove (40) of a grooved plate (22) and a first groove (40) of another grooved plate (22) forming with a second groove (38), a closed groove bordering the inside of the first window (24).
  3. The artery heat pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the n+1 grooved plates (22) is between 0.5mm and 1mm and the thickness of the n perforated plates (20) is between 0.5mm and 5mm.
  4. The artery heat pipe according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein one or more perforated plates is/are formed by an assembly of thin perforated plates assembled to each other.
  5. The artery heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first (40), second (38) and third (36) grooves have a width between 0.2mm and 0.5mm.
  6. The artery heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the n+1 grooved plates (22) include grooves (40) evenly distributed from the first end zone to the second end zone.
  7. The artery heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein n ≥ 2 and wherein the vapour channel (CV) and liquid channel (CL) are divided into vapour sub-channels (14) and liquid sub-channels (16) respectively by grooved plates, said vapour sub-channels (14) being in communication with each other through the first grooves (22) and the liquid sub-channels (16) being in fluid communication with each other through the first grooves (22).
  8. A method for manufacturing an artery heat pipe according to one of claims 1 to 7, said method including, from plates with given external dimensions:
    - making perforated plates,
    - making grooved plates,
    - making closing plates,
    - stacking said plates so that a perforated plate is surrounded by two grooved plates, and that each end plate is in direct contact with a grooved plate,
    - securing said plates so as to delimit a sealed enclosure,
    - partially filling the heat pipe with a fluid in liquid form.
  9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein making each perforated plate includes assembling several thin plates.
  10. The manufacturing method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the plates include an aluminium alloy therewithin and on its outer faces, a eutectic aluminium alloy with a melting point lower than that of the aluminium alloy therewithin and wherein securing is achieved through eutectic soldering.
EP19168585.8A 2018-04-11 2019-04-11 Improved heat pipe Active EP3553444B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1853172A FR3080170B1 (en) 2018-04-11 2018-04-11 ARTERED HEAT PIPE WITH IMPROVED OPERATION

Publications (2)

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EP3553444A1 EP3553444A1 (en) 2019-10-16
EP3553444B1 true EP3553444B1 (en) 2020-11-04

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EP19168585.8A Active EP3553444B1 (en) 2018-04-11 2019-04-11 Improved heat pipe

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EP (1) EP3553444B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3080170B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3138943A1 (en) 2022-08-17 2024-02-23 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Heat pipe with non-cylindrical cross section, including an evaporator with improved vapor/liquid interface structure to increase the boiling limit.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7051793B1 (en) * 1998-04-20 2006-05-30 Jurgen Schulz-Harder Cooler for electrical components
JP5455503B2 (en) * 2009-08-11 2014-03-26 モレックス インコーポレイテド Heat transport unit, electronic equipment
EP2811251A1 (en) * 2013-06-04 2014-12-10 ABB Research Ltd. Cooling apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
FR3080170A1 (en) 2019-10-18
EP3553444A1 (en) 2019-10-16
FR3080170B1 (en) 2020-11-27

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