EP3535767A1 - Transformateur electrique haute tension a boitier isolant - Google Patents
Transformateur electrique haute tension a boitier isolantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3535767A1 EP3535767A1 EP17797709.7A EP17797709A EP3535767A1 EP 3535767 A1 EP3535767 A1 EP 3535767A1 EP 17797709 A EP17797709 A EP 17797709A EP 3535767 A1 EP3535767 A1 EP 3535767A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- transformer according
- groove
- transformer
- magnetic circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
- H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
- H01F30/16—Toroidal transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2895—Windings disposed upon ring cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
- H01F27/324—Insulation between coil and core, between different winding sections, around the coil; Other insulation structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of high voltage electrical transformers.
- a high-voltage electrical transformer is intended to be integrated in an electrical network in which the operating voltage is greater than 1000 V AC or 1500 V DC.
- the invention will be more particularly described in the context of a high electrical voltage.
- a high-voltage electrical transformer has the function of converting an AC voltage to its input (primary voltage) into a new AC voltage of the same frequency and level identical or different at its output (secondary voltage).
- the transformer must also provide a certain level of electrical insulation between the primary and secondary windings and between the windings and the magnetic circuit.
- some transformers include:
- At least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding each comprising a conductor which is wound in the form of turns around the magnetic circuit
- an electrically insulating casing which encapsulates the magnetic circuit and which has an outer casing surface on which are wound the primary and secondary windings and an inner casing surface which defines an internal volume in which the magnetic circuit is received.
- the transformer according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a module in a modular combination of high voltage electrical transformers, with associated modules in series and / or in parallel.
- an electrical transformer according to the invention is not necessarily subjected to a high voltage between the terminals of its primary or secondary winding, but this voltage can be distributed on each of several modules, hereinafter called elementary transformers, electrically connected in series.
- elementary transformers electrically connected in series.
- the high-voltage dielectric strength is provided by solid insulation.
- the insulation material is for example a solid material injected.
- solid vacuum injection isolation processes very often cause the presence of vacuoles inside the insulator, these vacuoles being conducive to the appearance of partial discharges that can greatly limit the life of the apparatus.
- the problem of partial discharges can be overcome by imposing significant distances in the air between the coils, but this is to the detriment of the compactness and volume / weight characteristics of the apparatus.
- a transformer according to the invention may in particular be implemented within a power converter.
- the medium-frequency transformers for example between 500 Hz and 100 kHz, in particular in the power converter applications, must have relatively low leakage inductances. This characteristic is antagonistic with the need to have high inter-winding distances in order to guarantee high dielectric voltage withstandings without the appearance of partial discharges.
- the invention therefore aims to provide a high voltage transformer having a high dielectric strength.
- the invention proposes a high-voltage electrical transformer comprising:
- At least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding each comprising at least one conductor which is wound in the form of turns around the magnetic circuit;
- an electrically insulating casing which encapsulates the magnetic circuit and which has an outer casing surface on which are wound the primary and secondary windings and an inner casing surface which defines an internal volume in which the magnetic circuit is received.
- Such a transformer is characterized in that each turn of a winding is received in a winding groove which is formed in the outer casing surface of the insulating casing, and in that each winding groove is provided with a conductive layer throat.
- the throat conductive layer may be affixed to, or integrated with, the surface of the winding groove.
- the throat conductive layer may extend opposite the corresponding winding over the entire winding length of the winding around the insulating housing.
- the conductive throat layer may extend facing the winding continuously over the entire winding length of the winding around the insulating housing.
- the conductive groove layer of a winding groove may extend in part also on the outer envelope surface of the insulating housing.
- Two separate conductive layers of grooves corresponding to two distinct winding grooves for separate windings having distinct electrical potentials are preferably not in electrical contact with each other.
- the insulating housing may comprise a continuous winding groove which extends over the outer envelope surface of the box so that the winding conductor is received in the winding groove on any its winding length around the insulating housing.
- the winding groove may have a sectional shape that allows it to completely receive the conductor of the corresponding winding.
- the winding groove accommodates a single conductor of the corresponding winding.
- the winding groove accommodates a plurality of conductors belonging to separate windings and having the same potential level.
- the insulating housing may comprise at least one primary winding groove and at least one secondary winding groove which each extend in a helical path in the outer envelope surface.
- the insulating housing may have at least one primary winding groove and at least one secondary winding groove which extend each in a helical path in the outer envelope surface, the two helical paths being nested.
- the outer envelope surface of the insulating housing may have a geometry defined as the envelope generated by a closed generating curve flowing in a closed arrangement line about a central axis.
- the outer casing surface of the casing may have a crown geometry having an outer portion facing away from a central axis, an inner portion facing the central axis, and axial end portions joining the inner portions; and outdoor.
- Each winding groove may have, on the outer portion of the external envelope surface of the housing, outer portions which extend from one axial end portion to the other and which are non-parallel to the central axis .
- Each winding groove may have, on the inner portion of the outer casing surface of the housing, inner portions which extend from one axial end portion to the other and which are non-parallel to the central axis .
- Each winding groove may have, on the axial end portion of the outer casing surface of the housing, axial end portions which extend between the inner and outer portions and which are contained in a radial plane containing the central axis.
- the transformer may comprise, between the insulating housing and the magnetic circuit, an inner conductive layer which surrounds the magnetic circuit.
- the inner conductive layer may be affixed to, or integrated with, the inner envelope surface of the insulating housing.
- the conductive layer may be formed of a material having a strong conductive material having a resistivity of less than 10 Ohm. m, preferably between 10-6 and 10 10 ohm.m, more preferably between 10 ⁇ 6 and 10 10 ohm.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a DC-DC voltage converter having a plurality of divisional converters, each having a divisional transformer.
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates a divisional transformer of the converter of FIG. 1, itself comprising a plurality of elementary transformers, here connected in series, capable of being produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
- FIG 3 illustrates, in perspective, the magnetic circuit and the primary and secondary windings of an embodiment of an elementary transformer according to the invention.
- Figure 4 illustrates, in perspective, an insulating housing within which the magnetic circuit of FIG. 3 is intended to be encapsulated, and around which the primary and secondary windings of FIG. 3 are intended to be wound.
- Figures 5 and 6 illustrate, in perspective in two different directions, the winding of the two primary and secondary windings around the housing of FIG. 4.
- Figure 7 illustrates the construction of a divisional transformer as shown in FIG. 2, comprising a combination of elementary transformers as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 6.
- Figure 8 is a sectional view through a radial plane containing the central axis Al of the assembly of FIG. 5.
- Figures 9A and 9B are each a partial sectional view along the plane of line IX of FIG. 8, for different embodiments of a winding groove.
- Figure 10 illustrates a DC-DC voltage converter comprising a single-phase transformer consisting of three elementary transformers associated in parallel.
- Figure 11 illustrates a DC-DC voltage converter comprising a three-phase transformer consisting of three single-phase elementary transformers associated in a star-star pattern.
- the application case is that of a continuous-DC voltage converter 10 operating in continuous high voltage (HVDC) input and / or output, for example for a service voltage of between 1.5 kV and 50kV.
- the converter consists for example of a stack of "n" divisional converters 10.1, 10.2, ... 10, ..., ⁇ . ⁇ .
- the converter 10 taken as a whole, has an input at the first DC voltage, for example 40 kV, and an output at the second DC voltage lower, here for example 4kV.
- Each divisional converter 10.sub.i may be of the "Dual Active Bridge” (DAB) type in which medium frequency transformers (TMF) 14 must be inserted.
- DAB Direct Active Bridge
- TMF medium frequency transformers
- Each divisional converter 10. i comprises a divisional inverter 12, a divisional transformer 14 and a divisional rectifier 16. Between the divisional inverter and the divisional rectifier, each divisional converter is configured to work at medium frequency, for example between 500 Hz and 100 Hz. kHz, for example between 5 kHz and 50 kHz. Each divisional transformer is therefore configured to work at medium frequency, for example between 500 Hz and 100 kHz, in particular between 5 kHz and 50 kHz.
- each divisional converter 10.sub.1 the two terminals on the AC side of the divisional inverter 12 are connected to a primary circuit 13 of the divisional transformer 14, which comprises a primary winding 131, and a secondary circuit 15 of the divisional transformer 14, which comprises a secondary winding 151 and which is connected to the reciprocating side of the divisional rectifier 16.
- Divisional converters can be wired in different ways.
- the divisional inverters 12 may be connected in series, so that each divisional inverter receives at its input on the DC side a voltage U 'I, here equal to the first DC voltage U1 divided by the number of divisional converters. .
- the divisional rectifiers 16 can be connected to each other in parallel, each with a ground terminal and a terminal at the potential of the second voltage, so that each divisional rectifier 16 delivers, on its output DC side, a current under the second DC voltage U'2, here equal for all the divisional rectifiers which are connected in parallel to their output and therefore representing the output voltage of the converter 10, currents adding.
- Other wirings between the divisional converters are possible, both at the input and output of the converter, including serial / parallel wiring.
- the divisional transformer 14 is a transformer for which the alternating voltages to primary U "1 and secondary U" 2 are equal.
- each division transformer 14 or at least one of them a transformer having a single magnetic circuit.
- Such a transformer may be described as an elementary transformer comprising a single elementary magnetic circuit.
- the divisional transformers 14 are made in the form of an assembly of elementary transformers 18 each having a single elementary magnetic circuit 20, that is to say a transformer all of which turns, primary or secondary, are wound around the same single elementary magnetic circuit.
- a single elementary magnetic circuit of an elementary transformer 18 may comprise a stack of magnetic circuits, the stack forming an elementary magnetic circuit around which are wound the turns of the primary and secondary of the elementary transformer.
- An elementary transformer is characterized by the number of turns of the primary and secondary which are arranged around the elementary magnetic circuit for a given operating voltage and power.
- FIG. 2 there is illustrated a divisional transformer 14 formed of a series of elementary transformers 18.
- Each elementary transformer 18 thus comprises:
- a magnetic circuit 20 considered in this case as a single elementary magnetic circuit
- At least one primary winding 22 and at least one secondary winding 24 each having a conductor which is wound in the form of turns around the magnetic circuit. Each winding has a desired number of turns around the magnetic circuit.
- the primary windings 22 of the elementary transformers 20 are interconnected to form the primary circuit 13 of the divisional transformer 14
- the primary windings are simply connected in series.
- Other configurations, in parallel or series / parallel are also possible.
- the secondary windings 24 of the elementary transformers 18 are interconnected to form the secondary circuit 15 of the divisional transformer 14
- the secondary windings are simply connected in series.
- FIG. 10 there is illustrated a DC-DC voltage converter (which could be a division converter in a higher order converter as described with reference to Fig. 1) comprising a transformer 14 formed by the combination of three elementary transformers. 18 partners in parallel.
- the primary windings of the three elementary transformers 18 are connected in parallel, and the secondary windings of the three elementary transformers 18 are also connected in parallel.
- FIG. 11 there is illustrated a DC-DC voltage converter comprising a three-phase transformer 11 combining three transformers 14 which can be made in the form of an assembly of elementary transformers according to the invention, and which are associated in a star-shaped arrangement. star.
- the transformers 14 could be associated according to other known schemes for a three-phase transformer, in particular according to a triangle-triangle, zigzag-star, triangle-star, etc. scheme.
- a transformer 18 according to the invention which may be used as an elementary transformer, will be described below in a converter 10 as described below.
- Such an elementary transformer will simply be called a transformer, insofar as it is not necessarily and solely for use in a combination of transformers as described above.
- FIG. 3 the magnetic circuit 20, a primary winding 22 and a secondary winding 24 of a transformer 18 according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 it is deliberately omitted to represent an insulating casing intended to provide electrical insulation between the primary winding 22 and the secondary winding 24 on the one hand, and between the windings 22, 24 and the magnetic circuit 20 on the other hand .
- Such an insulative housing 26 is illustrated in FIG. 4.
- a transformer 18 according to the invention comprises the combination of a magnetic circuit, contained inside the housing 26, and at least one primary winding 22 and at least one secondary winding 24, wrapped around the housing 26, so around the magnetic circuit 20, as shown in Figs.5 and 6.
- the elementary transformer 18 comprises a single primary winding 22 and a single secondary winding 24.
- a transformer according to the invention may comprise a plurality of primary windings and / or a plurality of secondary windings.
- the housing 26 is made to be electrically insulating. It is therefore formed of an insulating material. It may advantageously be made of a polymer material, for example polyamide.
- the insulating housing 26 may be a preformed housing, that is to say that its shape is obtained, for example by molding, by machining and / or additive manufacturing type 3D printing, before being assembled around the magnetic circuit 20, in contrast to an insulating housing which is overmoulded directly around the magnetic circuit 20, for example by injection around the magnetic circuit 20.
- the insulating casing 26 encapsulates the magnetic circuit 20. It has an outer casing surface 28 on which are wound the primary and secondary windings and an inner casing surface 30 which defines an internal volume in which the magnetic circuit 20 is received.
- the outer envelope surface 28 of the housing 26 has a geometry defined as the envelope generated by a closed generating curve flowing in a closed arrangement line about a central axis A1.
- the closed generating curve is a rectangle having two longitudinal edges parallel to the central axis A1 and two transverse edges which connect the longitudinal edges, each at an axial end of the longitudinal edges, and perpendicular to the axis. central Al.
- the closed generating curve is shifted with respect to the central axis Al, so that the central axis Al does not cut the closed generating curve.
- the closed generating curve could be for example a square, circular, oval curve, etc. or have a non-regular shape.
- the closed generating curve is defined in a radial plane containing the central axis Al
- the closed arrangement line is, in the exemplary embodiment, a circle whose central axis coincides with the central axis A1.
- the surfaces generated by the closed generating curve flowing along the line d Arrangement closed around a central axis A1 are surfaces of revolution around the central axis A1.
- the closed layout line could be for example a square, a rectangle, a triangle, an oval or a curve not regular.
- the closed arrangement line is defined in a plane perpendicular to the central axis A1.
- the outer casing surface 28 of the casing has a crown geometry having an outer portion 32 turned at a distance of opposite to the central axis A1, an inner portion 34 facing the central axis A1, and axial end portions 36 of junction of the inner and outer portions.
- the outer envelope surface 28 extends over a section of cylindrical tube of revolution about the axis Al.
- the outer and inner surfaces of the section of cylindrical tube of revolution respectively form the inner portion 32 and the outer portion 34 of the outer surface 28 of the housing 26.
- the crown geometry could take the form of an open torus generated by the rotation of a circle around the center axis Al, the circle being located in a plane radial axis containing the axis Al and with a distance between the central axis Al and the center of the circle greater than the radius of the circle.
- the crown geometry could of course take other forms.
- the crown geometry of the outer envelope surface 28 is close, to a near homothety, to the geometry of the magnetic circuit 20 which is intended to be encapsulated in the housing 26.
- the inner envelope surface 30 delimits an internal volume in which the magnetic circuit 20 is received.
- the magnetic circuit 20 has, like the case 26, a crown shape, more particularly in this case a sectional shape. of cylindrical tube having as axis the central axis Al, but of dimensions smaller than those of the insulating housing 26 to be contained within the internal volume defined by the inner envelope surface 30.
- the inner envelope surface 30 and the outer envelope surface 28 and define a wall of the insulating housing 26 which has a certain thickness. This thickness is chosen in particular to ensure the required level of electrical insulation between, on the one hand, the primary and secondary windings and, on the other hand, the magnetic circuit.
- the outer envelope surface 28 of the housing 26, and therefore the wall that it determines is continuous so as to completely encapsulate the magnetic circuit 20.
- the latter is thus electrically isolated but also mechanically protected inside the housing , and also protected from chemical aggression.
- the housing 26 can be made of several parts which together define the housing.
- the elementary magnetic circuit has a geometry and an iron section which make it possible to develop the level of magnetic induction necessary for the given number of turns, at the voltage of maximum operation.
- the elementary magnetic circuit 20 of the elementary transformer 18 may comprise a stack of subdivisional magnetic circuits forming, together, the elementary magnetic circuit. A winding of a winding surrounds all the subdivisional magnetic circuits of an elementary magnetic circuit.
- the subdivisional magnetic circuits may be in the form of rings having as their axis the central axis A1 and be stacked in the direction of the central axis Al.
- the stack thus constituted is disposed inside the insulating casing 26.
- the section of magnetic material involved sometimes referred to generically as "section of iron", determines the level of induction of work as a function of the level of tension applied and the number of turns, in accordance with the Boucherot formula. In an exemplary application, this section, for an elementary transformer, is between 20 and 150 square centimeters, for example 50 cm 2 .
- the materials used to form the magnetic circuit must have low iron losses.
- Materials of the nanocrystalline or ferrite type are candidates capable of performing this function.
- the nanocrystalline materials of the CooIBLUE® range of the company Magnetec, available commercially, are suitable for producing a transformer according to the invention.
- the primary 22 and secondary windings 24 which are wound around the insulating housing 26 each comprise one or more conductors, a conductor optionally comprising several strands.
- a conductor for each winding, for example a conductor type Litz wire, to limit skin effects and limit copper losses.
- a conductor may be round or flat type.
- the conductor is wound in the form of turns around the magnetic circuit.
- the transformer 18 converts an AC voltage to its input into a new AC voltage of the same frequency and the same level at its output.
- the processor must also ensure a certain level of electrical insulation between the primary and secondary windings.
- each elementary transformer 18 has a voltage conversion ratio of 1, and therefore has the same number of turns at the primary and secondary.
- the transformation ratio of the divisional transformer 14, comprising the combination of several elementary transformers is managed by the ratio between the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings and by the type of modularity, which notably includes the number of elementary transformers and the series and / or parallel association of these elementary transformers.
- the elementary transformer 18 comprises a number of reduced turns, in particular less than 50, preferably less than 20.
- the primary winding 22 of the elementary transformer 18 comprises 5 turns, just like the secondary winding 24.
- each turn of the primary winding and each turn of the secondary winding is received in a winding groove which is formed in the outer casing surface of the casing .
- the insulating housing 26 comprises a winding groove 38, 40, one intended to receive a primary winding 22, and the other intended to receive a secondary winding 24.
- Each The winding groove is continuous along its length along its winding path and extends over the outer envelope surface of the box so that the winding conductor is received in the winding groove over its entire length. winding length around the housing 26, thus around the magnetic circuit 20.
- the winding path of each of the winding grooves 38, 40 has outer sections formed in the outer portion 32 of the outer envelope surface 28, inner portions formed in the inner portion 34 of the surface. outer shell 28, and end sections which are formed in the axial end portions of junction 36 of the outer shell surface 28 and which each connect an inner portion to an outer portion of the winding groove.
- the path of a winding groove 38, 40 therefore corresponds to the geometry of the winding 22, 24 corresponding.
- the insulating housing 26 comprises at least one primary winding groove 38 and at least one secondary winding groove 40 which each extend in a helical path in the outer envelope surface. It is thus possible to have a winding groove 38, 40 which has, on the outer portion 32 of the outer casing surface 28 of the casing, external sections which extend from one axial end portion 36 to the other and which are not parallel to the central axis. Alternatively, or in addition, it is possible to have the same winding groove 38, 40 which has, on the inner portion 34 of the outer casing surface of the casing, inner sections which extend from an axial end portion 36 to the other and which are not parallel to the central axis A1.
- both the outer section and the inner section of a winding groove 38, 40 form a helix, respectively on the portions.
- each winding groove 38, 40 has, on the axial end portion of the outer casing surface 28 of the casing 26, axial end sections which extend between the inner and outer portions of the casing. the outer envelope surface 28 and which are each contained in a radial plane containing the central axis Al.
- the winding groove has a cross-sectional shape, in a plane perpendicular to its path, which, in a preferred embodiment as schematically illustrated in FIG. 9B, allows it to completely receive the driver of the corresponding winding.
- dimension in section of the conductor for example its diameter or its thickness does not exceed the depth of the groove.
- the sectional shape is substantially that of a flared bowl that connects without a sharp angle with the outer envelope surface 28.
- the throat receives the driver only partially, to the extent that its depth is less than the dimension in section of the driver.
- this sectional shape is substantially that of a U whose two branches are substantially perpendicular to the outer envelope surface 28 and whose base, which constitutes the bottom of the groove, is rounded.
- the winding groove is here open in the outer envelope surface 28 to allow the engagement of the driver in the groove.
- sectional shapes would be possible, for example a shape of an arc, a parabola, etc., preferably without a sharp angle.
- the winding groove may have a constant depth along its path relative to the outer envelope surface 28, but a variable depth could be provided, especially with increased depth in the areas where the driver must undergo strong curvatures.
- the winding groove 38, 40 accommodates a single conductor of the winding corresponding to a single turn of a winding.
- the same winding groove could accommodate multiple conductors having the same voltage level and each belonging to a separate winding.
- the conductors of these two windings can be received in the same winding groove.
- the inductance of leakage between the primary and the secondary of the transformer is also used to achieve power transfer.
- the primary windings 22 and secondary 24 be interleaved.
- the insulating housing 26 has at least one primary winding groove 38 and at least one secondary winding groove 40 which each extend in a helical path in the outer envelope surface 28, 32, 34, 36 , the two propeller paths being nested.
- the arrangement in which both the inner sections and the outer sections are not parallel to the axis A1, for example arranged in a helix, while the axial end sections are oriented radially with respect to the axis Al is a configuration which is particularly favorable for maintaining, in a given space, a maximum spacing between two consecutive winding grooves 38, 40 corresponding to separate windings, along their path in the outer envelope surface 28.
- This spacing makes it possible to promote electrical insulation between a turn of the primary winding and the turn immediately adjacent to the secondary winding, especially when the two windings are interleaved.
- each winding groove 38, 40 is provided with a throat conductive layer 42.
- This throat conductive layer 42 is preferably arranged on the surface of the throat, or in any case very close to the surface of the throat.
- the conductive layer 42 is affixed to, or integrated with, the surface of the winding groove 38, 40.
- the throat conductive layer 42 may extend over the entire surface of the winding groove, or over a portion only of the groove when considered in section, preferably at the bottom of the groove.
- the conductive groove layer 42 extends opposite the corresponding winding over the entire winding length of the winding around the insulating housing 26. It preferably extends with electrical continuity over the entire winding length of the winding. winding around the insulating housing 26, so the entire length of the winding path of the groove.
- the groove conductive layer 42 of a winding groove 38, 40 may also extend in part also to the outer envelope surface 28 in the immediate vicinity of the corresponding groove.
- the throat conductive layer 42 may have a width, measured in a direction perpendicular to the winding path and tangential to the outer envelope surface 28 at the groove, in projection on this direction, between 0.5 and 5 times the width of the corresponding conductor, preferably between 0.5 and 3 times the width of the conductor.
- two conductive layers of grooves 42 corresponding to two distinct winding grooves 38, 40 for windings separate potentials with distinct potentials are not in electrical contact with each other. On the contrary, they are preferably separated from each other.
- the elementary transformer 18 comprises, between the insulating housing 26 and the magnetic circuit 20, an inner conductive layer 44 which surrounds the magnetic circuit 20.
- the inner conductive layer 44 may for example be affixed to or integrated in the inner envelope surface 30 of the insulating housing 26. It may also be in the form of a cage surrounding the magnetic circuit 20.
- the throat conductive layer 42, or inner layer 44 is formed by a conductive material having a resistivity of less than 10 ohm. m, preferably less than or equal to 10 6 Ohm. m.
- This material may comprise a strong conductive material having a resistivity of less than 10 -6 ohm.m, for example a metal or metal alloy, and / or a weak conductor having a resistivity of between 10 ⁇ 6 and 10 10 ohm. preferably between 10 "6 and 10 6 Ohm. m.
- the conductive layer 42, 44 is formed by a weak conductive material having a resistivity of between 10 -6 and 10 10 ohm, preferably between 10 -6 and 10 6 ohm. m.
- the conductive layer 42, 44 may comprise a weak conductive material comprising a mixture of a polymer material, for example polyethylene, and conductive particles, for example graphite.
- the conductive layer 42, 44 has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
- the conductive layer 42, 44 may be deposited in the form of a paint or varnish. It can be deposited by additive manufacturing, for example 3D printing, dipping, spraying, CVD ("chemical vapor deposition") or PVD (physical vapor deposition) - physical vapor deposition ), etc. It can also be performed in the form of an insert in the corresponding groove or on the inner envelope surface 30 of the housing, or for the inner conductive layer 44, on an outer surface of the magnetic circuit.
- the conductive layer 42, 44 can be made by directly adding, during manufacture, conductive particles in the insulating material constituting the insulating housing 26, in the surface of the housing 26, to give it, locally, the desired semiconducting properties.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 42, 44 may be less than 1 mm.
- this conductive layer 42, 44 is to homogenize the electric potential levels along the conductive layer considered. This makes it possible to reinforce the dielectric strength of the elementary transformer, in particular by avoiding the creation of partial discharges that could damage the insulation.
- each winding primary 22 and secondary 24, has two terminations 22a, 22b, 24a, 24b.
- each winding has a termination 22a, 24a at a first axial end of the housing and a second terminal 22b, 24b at the other axial end of the housing.
- the two terminations 22a, 22b of the same winding are not necessarily arranged at the same angular position about the central axis A1 with respect to the insulating housing 26.
- each elementary transformer has connection terminals connected to each of the terminations of its windings.
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrated how elementary transformers 18 thus designed, here in the number of 5, can be stacked coaxially along the central axis Al and be arranged so that an output termination of one of the windings of one of the elementary transformers can easily be connected with an input termination of a corresponding winding of a adjacent elementary transformer in the stack.
- the elementary transformer 18 may comprise a body (not shown) in which is received the housing 26 which encapsulates the magnetic circuit 20 and on which are wound the primary windings 22 and secondary 24.
- each divisional transformer 14 must hold the full insulation voltage of the network, set here at 40. kV DC. For this purpose, it is provided, for example, that each divisional transformer 14 must satisfy the following characteristics:
- An exemplary embodiment consists of constructing each divisional transformer 14 of 400 kVA from a series of five elementary transformers 18 having the following technical characteristics:
- Insulation level greater than 60 kVDC, preferably greater than 80 kVDC, and capable of reaching or exceeding 100 kVDC;
- an elementary transformer 18 as described above makes it possible to achieve these characteristics without the need for isolation by vacuum or by an insulating fluid (liquid oil or gas, for example SF6).
- the required insulation levels can be obtained in the ambient air, the ambient air being in contact with the windings and the external envelope surface. This makes maintenance much easier.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1660601A FR3058255B1 (fr) | 2016-11-02 | 2016-11-02 | Transformateur electrique haute tension a boitier isolant |
PCT/FR2017/052988 WO2018083409A1 (fr) | 2016-11-02 | 2017-10-30 | Transformateur electrique haute tension a boitier isolant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3535767A1 true EP3535767A1 (fr) | 2019-09-11 |
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EP17797709.7A Withdrawn EP3535767A1 (fr) | 2016-11-02 | 2017-10-30 | Transformateur electrique haute tension a boitier isolant |
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EP (1) | EP3535767A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3058255B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018083409A1 (fr) |
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AT522601A1 (de) * | 2019-05-13 | 2020-12-15 | Omicron Electronics Gmbh | Hochspannungstransformator, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Hochspannungstransformators sowie Prüfsystem und Prüfsignalvorrichtung mit einem Hochspannungstransformator |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3319207A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1967-05-09 | Davis Jesse | Grooved toroidal body with metal filling |
JPH0241852Y2 (fr) * | 1985-03-20 | 1990-11-08 | ||
US8922311B2 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-12-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Electrical inductor assembly and method of cooling an electrical inductor assembly |
EP2808879B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-29 | 2015-10-14 | ABB Technology AG | Agencement d'enroulements d'un transformateur d'isolation haute tension |
-
2016
- 2016-11-02 FR FR1660601A patent/FR3058255B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-10-30 EP EP17797709.7A patent/EP3535767A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-10-30 WO PCT/FR2017/052988 patent/WO2018083409A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3058255A1 (fr) | 2018-05-04 |
WO2018083409A1 (fr) | 2018-05-11 |
FR3058255B1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 |
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