EP3529861A1 - Antenne - Google Patents
AntenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP3529861A1 EP3529861A1 EP17787428.6A EP17787428A EP3529861A1 EP 3529861 A1 EP3529861 A1 EP 3529861A1 EP 17787428 A EP17787428 A EP 17787428A EP 3529861 A1 EP3529861 A1 EP 3529861A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflecting surface
- antenna
- wave
- partially reflecting
- antenna according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
- H01Q15/0066—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces said selective devices being reconfigurable, tunable or controllable, e.g. using switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/148—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures with means for varying the reflecting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/23—Combinations of reflecting surfaces with refracting or diffracting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna, in particular a cavity antenna.
- Conventional beam misalignment antennas consist of antenna arrays powered by variable phase shifters. These are complex, expensive and bulky assemblies that are not suitable for use on mobile carriers, such as an airplane or helicopter.
- hybrid electromechanical antennas that are also heavy and bulky. These antennas comprise a fixed electronic antenna placed on a mobile mechanical support.
- EP 2,266,166 discloses a purely electronic misalignment antenna based on a misalignment of the receiving and emission beam of the electronically controlled beam.
- the cavity antenna described in EP 2,266,166 is delimited by a partially reflecting flat surface and a totally reflecting flat surface facing each other.
- the partially reflecting flat surface consists of an array of resonant cells forming micro-antennas.
- the radiating source placed in the center of the cavity illuminates these micro-antennas which then radiate outside the cavity.
- the radiation from the micro antennas interfere to form emission beams in the directions where these interferences are constructive.
- the phase of the micro-antennas is controlled using varicaps diodes. It is thus possible to control the misalignment of the antenna and its transmission frequency.
- These antennas must fulfill very constrained specifications since they must be able to follow the movement of a satellite while being themselves mobile since generally placed on a mobile carrier. For example, when a satellite passes under the horizon, the antenna must be able to jump to the next satellite with the shortest possible switching time.
- the inventors have found that it is possible to improve the properties of these antennas in order to obtain important misalignments, for example greater than 60 ° with respect to the vertical.
- the invention proposes an antenna comprising
- a partially reflecting surface comprising an array of resonant cells, each resonant cell forming a micro-antenna,
- a radiating source disposed in said resonant cavity and configured to radiate a wave between the partially reflecting surface and the totally reflecting surface, said illuminating wave of the resonant cells of the partially reflecting surface, wherein the partially reflecting surface comprises a dielectric substrate having a gradient of dielectric permittivity.
- the use of a dielectric substrate having a dielectric permittivity gradient makes it possible to achieve very large misalignments of up to 70 °, thus fulfilling the specifications of most aircraft manufacturers.
- the antenna according to the invention may also comprise one or more of the following characteristics, considered individually or in any technically possible combination:
- the partially reflective surface dielectric substrate has a dielectric permittivity gradient in the mean plane of the antenna.
- the partially reflecting surface comprises at least one inductive network and a capacitive network; and or said radiating source generates a rectilinear polarization wave whose electric field component is substantially parallel to a direction of said inductive network and the magnetic field component is substantially parallel to another direction of said capacitive network orthogonal to said first direction of said inductive network; and / or the capacitive network is configured to have a capacitive gradient; and or
- the capacitive network comprises a capacitive grid whose tracks or metal patches have a variable width according to their position on the partially reflecting surface;
- variable electronic capabilities can also be inserted between the metal tracks or patches of the capacitive network; and or
- the inductive network is configured to have an inductance gradient
- the inductive network comprises an inductive gate whose metal tracks have a variable width according to their position on the partially reflecting surface; and or
- h denotes said reference dimension
- ⁇ denotes the wavelength of said wave in the dielectric medium of the cavity
- N denotes the number of the resonance mode of said resonant cavity
- d> _PRS denotes the phase shift introduced to said wave generated by reflection on said partially reflecting surface
- ⁇ _ ⁇ designates the phase shift introduced into said wave generated by reflection on said totally reflecting surface.
- said radiating source is frequency-controlled, the radiation frequency being adjusted in a frequency range comprised between plus and minus 15% of a central frequency corresponding to the wavelength of said wave in the dielectric medium of the cavity; and / or - said radiant source belongs to the group of radiating elements consisting of planar antennas, dipoles and elementary antenna arrays.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an antenna according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a dielectric substrate of an antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents an example of a resonant cell of a partially reflecting surface of the antenna of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a partially reflecting surface according to one embodiment of the invention allowing dynamic control of the antenna.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b are respectively simulated and measured radiation diagrams of an antenna according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an antenna 10 according to the invention.
- the antenna 10 comprises a resonant cavity 12 and a radiating source
- the resonant cavity is delimited by a partially reflecting surface 16 and a totally reflecting surface 18 facing the partially reflecting surface 16.
- the totally reflecting surface 18 is for example made by placing a metal plate on a dielectric element.
- the partially reflecting surface 16 comprises an array of resonant cells, each resonant cell forming a micro-antenna.
- the partially reflective surface 16 is made using a dielectric substrate having a dielectric permittivity gradient.
- the dielectric substrate of the partially reflective surface has a dielectric permittivity gradient in the mean plane of the antenna.
- the dielectric substrate can be designed by changing the dielectric spatial distribution. For example, holes of cylindrical shape, and of different dimensions can be distributed in the dielectric substrate.
- the dielectric substrate is divided into six different regions.
- the first region consists of air and the last region is made of a dielectric material with a relative permittivity of 2.8.
- the partially reflecting surface 16 comprises an inductive network and a capacitive network.
- the partially reflective surface 16 comprises an inductive gate GL comprising a set of metal zones separated by dielectric zones.
- the partially reflecting surface 16 also comprises a capacitive gate GC comprising a set of metal zones separated by dielectric zones.
- the inductive gate GL and the capacitive gate GC are superimposed so that the gates GL and GC are arranged parallel to each other, the metal zones of the inductive gate GL and the capacitive gate GC being arranged according to substantially orthogonal directions.
- the partially reflecting surface 16 can be made by two metal track grids, respectively etched on both sides of a dielectric substrate. Such an embodiment reduces the manufacturing cost.
- the tracks of each grid being perpendicular, one will play the role of capacitive gate GC and the other of inductive gate GL following the polarization of the electric field E.
- a resonant cell Cn is thus an LC resonator type cell comprising an inductance L and a capacitance C in parallel.
- a resonant cell Cn has a small size in front of the operating wavelength ⁇ of the antenna 10.
- Figure 3 shows an example of Cn resonant cells.
- the cell Cn comprises a capacitor Ci and an inductor Li, arranged on either side of the dielectric substrate.
- the resonant cavity 12 is a Fabry-Perot type cavity.
- the partially reflecting surface 16 and the totally reflecting surface 18, which delimit the cavity 12, are separated by a distance h forming a reference dimension of the resonant cavity 12.
- ⁇ denotes the wavelength in the dielectric medium of the resonant cavity 12
- N denotes the resonant mode number of the resonant cavity 12
- _PRS denotes the phase shift introduced to the wave generated by reflection on the partially reflecting surface 16
- ⁇ _ ⁇ denotes the phase shift introduced into the wave generated by reflection on said totally reflecting surface 18.
- a partially reflective surface 12 comprising adjustable phase resonant cells makes it possible to remove the restriction on the half-wavelength ( ⁇ / 2) thickness generally imposed for a Fabry-Perot type cavity.
- the reference dimension h can thus be chosen such that h "A / 2. It is therefore possible to make ultra-compact antennas, for example about 0.5 mm for a frequency of 8 GHz.
- the radiating source 14 may be frequency-controlled, the radiation frequency being adjusted within a frequency range comprised between plus and minus 15% of a center frequency corresponding to the wavelength of the wave in the dielectric medium of the resonant cavity.
- the radiating source 14 is disposed in the resonant cavity 21, close to the totally reflecting surface 18.
- the radiating source 3 is for example a patch antenna, a dipole, a planar antenna, or an array of elementary antennas.
- the radiating source 14 is configured to radiate a predefined frequency wave, between the partially reflecting surface 16 and the totally reflecting surface 18.
- the wave thus illuminates the resonant cells Cn.
- the source 14 and the partially reflecting surface 16 are arranged so that all Cn cells are illuminated by successive reflections on the walls of the resonant cavity.
- the capacitive network is configured to have a capacitive gradient.
- the capacitive gradient can be obtained by the use of a capacitive gate whose tracks or metal patches have a variable width according to their position on the partially reflecting surface.
- Capacitive gradient can also be actively controlled using variable capacitance diodes (varactors).
- FIG. 4 represents an active control embodiment in which two adjacent electrical contacts of the capacitive gate GC are electrically connected by a variable capacitance diode (varactors).
- phase shift introduced on the incident wave by a resonant cell Cn can then be adjusted dynamically by modifying the bias voltage of the variable capacitance diode, for example as described in document EP 2 266 166.
- the inductive network is configured to have an inductance gradient.
- the inductive network may comprise an inductive gate whose metal tracks have a variable width depending on their position on the partially reflecting surface.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate radiation diagrams for an antenna according to an embodiment of the invention obtained respectively by simulation and by measurement.
- the antenna under test comprises a capacity gradient capacitive network, an inductive gradient inductive network and a dielectric substrate having a dielectric permittivity gradient.
- the misalignment obtained is approximately 70 ° to 5.4 GHz.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1660273A FR3058002B1 (fr) | 2016-10-24 | 2016-10-24 | Antenne |
PCT/EP2017/077068 WO2018077830A1 (fr) | 2016-10-24 | 2017-10-24 | Antenne |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3529861A1 true EP3529861A1 (fr) | 2019-08-28 |
Family
ID=58347473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17787428.6A Withdrawn EP3529861A1 (fr) | 2016-10-24 | 2017-10-24 | Antenne |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3529861A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3058002B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018077830A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109390689A (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-26 | 舟山麦克斯韦物联网科技有限公司 | 一种小型化宽频带高增益谐振腔天线 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2843238B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-31 | 2006-07-21 | Cit Alcatel | Antenne multisources notamment pour un systeme a reflecteur |
FR2858469B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-11-18 | Univ Rennes | Antenne a cavite resonante, reconfigurable |
EP2266166B1 (fr) | 2008-03-18 | 2017-11-15 | Université Paris Sud (Paris 11) | Antenne hyperfréquence orientable |
GB2497328A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | Canon Kk | Method of making a dielectric material with a varying permittivity |
-
2016
- 2016-10-24 FR FR1660273A patent/FR3058002B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-10-24 WO PCT/EP2017/077068 patent/WO2018077830A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2017-10-24 EP EP17787428.6A patent/EP3529861A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018077830A1 (fr) | 2018-05-03 |
FR3058002A1 (fr) | 2018-04-27 |
FR3058002B1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 |
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