EP3511650B1 - Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3511650B1
EP3511650B1 EP18020652.6A EP18020652A EP3511650B1 EP 3511650 B1 EP3511650 B1 EP 3511650B1 EP 18020652 A EP18020652 A EP 18020652A EP 3511650 B1 EP3511650 B1 EP 3511650B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
nitrogen
liquid nitrogen
reservoir
circulating flow
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EP18020652.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3511650A1 (fr
Inventor
Lutz Decker
Alexander Alekseev
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Linde Kryotechnik AG
Linde GmbH
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Linde Kryotechnik AG
Linde GmbH
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Publication of EP3511650A1 publication Critical patent/EP3511650A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B19/00—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
    • F25B19/005—Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour the refrigerant being a liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/006—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect boiling cooling systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cooling a consumer and a system with a corresponding device and a consumer according to the preambles of the independent patent claims.
  • High and medium voltage cables and busbars can be designed as high-temperature superconductors (HTSC). Such cables and busbars can carry direct current or alternating current and are also referred to as »HTSC current guides «. They require cooling to a temperature of less than 100 K, preferably less than 80 K.
  • HTSC high-temperature superconductors
  • DE 10 2012 016 292 A1 which is considered to be the closest prior art, discloses a method and a device for cooling objects, in which a cooling medium is fed from a first reservoir via a first cooling medium line to an object to be cooled, brought into thermal contact with it and is then discharged via a second coolant line. After the thermal contact with the object, the cooling medium is fed to a second storage container via the second cooling medium line and stored there until a predetermined filling level is reached in the first or in the second storage container. The cooling medium is then fed from the second reservoir to the object for the purpose of cooling and brought into thermal contact with it and then fed back into the first reservoir, whereupon it is again available for cooling the object. Due to the pendulum guidance of the cooling medium between the two reservoirs, the same flow paths should be able to be used in both flow directions, at least in part. The method and the device should be particularly suitable for cooling superconducting cables.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to remedy this and to provide improved technical possibilities for cooling corresponding consumers using liquid nitrogen with high availability.
  • the present invention proposes a method and a device for cooling a consumer, in particular a power supply, preferably an HTSC power supply, and a system with a corresponding device and a consumer with the features of the independent patent claims.
  • a power supply preferably an HTSC power supply
  • Preferred configurations are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims and the following description.
  • the liquid nitrogen in the systems mentioned at the outset is conveyed by means of a pump (so-called circulation pump) and subcooled to the required cooling temperature in a subcooler.
  • the liquid nitrogen is routed to the consumer, where it is warmed up and fed back to the circulation pump.
  • the liquid nitrogen that is circulated in this way is also referred to as “circulated nitrogen”.
  • «supercooler» is used because liquid nitrogen, after appropriate cooling, is a supercooled liquid.
  • the heat exchanger in a subcooler is a coiled tube that is placed in a nitrogen bath ("bath nitrogen").
  • bath nitrogen The warmer circulating nitrogen is guided inside the pipe coil and cooled by the colder bath nitrogen lying outside.
  • the nitrogen in the bath evaporates continuously.
  • coiled-tube heat exchangers other types of heat exchangers can be used.
  • the pressure in the cooling circuit downstream of the pump is selected in such a way that the circuit nitrogen always remains liquid and no vapor bubbles form. From a thermodynamic point of view, this means that the pressure in the circuit should always be higher than in the subcooler bath and that the circuit nitrogen must not be heated above the boiling point.
  • the lowest temperature of the cycle nitrogen is reached at the exit from the subcooler. This temperature is essentially determined by the temperature of the bath nitrogen used in the subcooler (and the heat transfer in the subcooler). In order to bring about supercooling, the nitrogen bath must therefore be brought to an appropriate temperature.
  • the pressure of the bath nitrogen can be reduced by a pressure reduction in which evaporating nitrogen is continuously pumped off using a mechanical (e.g. oil-lubricated) vacuum pump.
  • the lower limit of the temperature that can be reached by reducing the pressure is about 63 K, which corresponds to a vapor pressure of about 0.13 bar.
  • the nitrogen in the bath would freeze.
  • a corresponding reduction in pressure typically leads to nitrogen and cold losses, because the pumped nitrogen and its cold can usually not be recovered or only with great effort.
  • the losses of bath nitrogen occurring in the subcooler as a result of evaporation are typically compensated for by topping up with fresh liquid nitrogen from a suitable reservoir, for example a cryogenic tank.
  • a suitable reservoir for example a cryogenic tank.
  • the reservoir is filled, for example, using an air separation plant or a nitrogen liquefier.
  • the temperature of the bath nitrogen can also be reduced by incorporating one or more closed loop coolers (also known as cryocoolers) into the subcooler.
  • the one or more refrigerating machines cool and liquefy/recondense the bath nitrogen which evaporates during cooling down to the required cooling temperature; a vacuum pump is not required in this case. In this way, nitrogen and cold losses can be reduced.
  • closed cooling device is understood here to mean a device in which gaseous nitrogen is not discharged from the system due to the process, but is liquefied and fed back into the system.
  • the cooling section thus extends between the first end and a second end.
  • the liquid nitrogen is in such systems in the form of a circulatory stream repeatedly (i.e. continuously circulating) subjected to a first cooling, fed to the cooling line at the first end, transported from the first end to the second end along the cooling line, the cooling line at the second end removed, subjected to a second cooling, fed back to the cooling line at the second end, transported from the second end to the first end along the cooling line and removed again from the cooling line at the first end.
  • the first cooldown is performed using a first subcooled nitrogen bath in a subcooler and the second cooldown carried out using a second subcooled nitrogen bath in another subcooler.
  • the first nitrogen bath can be at least partially supercooled by means of a closed cooling device and the second nitrogen bath can be at least partially supercooled by pressure reduction to a subatmospheric pressure level.
  • the pressure reduction takes place in that gaseous nitrogen is pumped out of a head space above the nitrogen bath from a subcooler by means of a vacuum pump, in particular a mechanical one, and is in particular discharged to the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the nitrogen losses caused by the pumping out to reduce the pressure are compensated for by feeding in nitrogen from a reservoir, which can be filled with liquid nitrogen, for example using an air separation plant.
  • the reservoir and the closed cooling device can be arranged at the first end of the cooling section, while the vacuum pump required for pressure reduction can be arranged at the other end of the cooling section.
  • a corresponding vacuum pump represents a comparatively small unit that can be accommodated much more easily at the second end, in particular if the installation space at the second end is limited.
  • a corresponding vacuum pump can also be connected via a line to the subcooler provided at the second end of the cooling section and does not have to be arranged in the immediate vicinity of it. This way can a further favorable adaptation to the available space can be made by repositioning.
  • the nitrogen losses occurring in the second nitrogen bath due to the pressure reduction caused by pumping out can also be compensated for from a reservoir, which, however, is now arranged at the opposite end of the cooling section.
  • the nitrogen taken from the reservoir to compensate for the losses is fed into the circulatory flow at the end of the cooling section where the reservoir is located and discharged from the circulatory flow at the other end of the cooling section, where the pressure reduction takes place, and used to fill up the nitrogen bath arranged there.
  • the circulating flow is therefore used to transport this nitrogen.
  • the present invention is based on such a system and improves its availability without requiring full redundancy with regard to the closed cooling device.
  • the present invention is based on a method for cooling a consumer via a cooling section that extends between a first end and a second end.
  • the method is carried out in at least a first time period in a first method mode and in at least a second, different time period in a second method mode.
  • liquid nitrogen is repeated in the form of a circulatory stream, ie continuously in the circuit and in particular without intermediate storage in a container, and in each case successively subjected to a first cooling, fed to the cooling section at the first end, from the first end transported to the second end along the cooling line, removed from the cooling line at the second end, subjected to a second cooling, fed to the cooling line at the second end, transported from the second end to the first end along the cooling line, and removed from the cooling line at the first end .
  • the circulatory flow is in particular always guided in the same direction and is not experienced, as for example in the DE 10 2012 016 292 A1 , a reversal of direction.
  • the first cooling is performed using a first subcooled nitrogen bath and the second cooling is performed using a second subcooled nitrogen bath, wherein the first nitrogen bath is at least partially supercooled in the first process mode by means of a closed cooling device and the second nitrogen bath is at least partially supercooled in the first and in the second process mode by pressure reduction to a subatmospheric pressure level.
  • a quantity of nitrogen evaporating from the second nitrogen bath due to the pressure reduction to the subatmospheric pressure level in the first and in the second process mode is at least partially compensated for in the process from a reservoir.
  • the liquid nitrogen is conducted in the form of the circulating stream through one or more first cooling passages, in particular during transport from the first end to the second end along the cooling section, and through one during transport from the second end to the first end along the cooling section or a plurality of second cooling passages fluidly separated from the one or more first cooling passages.
  • One or more different cooling passages are therefore provided for guiding from the first to the second end than for guiding from the second end to the first end.
  • a “cooling passage” refers to a fluid-guiding structure that is provided with heat-exchange surfaces.
  • the circulatory flow is and can therefore not be performed in the same cooling passages in the context of the present invention, as in the DE 10 2012 016 292 A1 is the case due to the shuttle service there. If a "fluidic separation" of the cooling passages is mentioned here, it is of course not excluded that the cooling passages are open at their terminal ends and are connected to one another via lines that carry the circulating flow.
  • the cooling section comprises a first feed opening, a first extraction opening, a second feed opening and a second extraction opening for the liquid nitrogen, the first feed opening being connected to the first extraction opening in particular via the first Cooling passage(s) and the second feed opening are connected to the second extraction opening in particular via the mentioned second cooling passage(s).
  • the first feed opening and the second removal opening are located at the first end, the first removal opening and the second feed opening at the second end of the cooling section.
  • an “opening” refers to a connection of any type, for example a flange or spigot.
  • the liquid nitrogen in the circulating stream is fed via the first feed opening at the first end of the cooling section to this cooling section or to the first cooling passage or passages and removed via the first removal opening at the second end.
  • the liquid nitrogen if a corresponding circulatory flow is formed, is fed via the second feed opening at the second end of the cooling section to this cooling section or to the second cooling passage or passages and removed via the second removal opening at the first end.
  • a first pressure level of the liquid nitrogen supplied at the first end of the cooling section is always above a second pressure level of the liquid nitrogen removed at the second end of the cooling section.
  • a third pressure level of the liquid nitrogen supplied at the second end of the cooling section is always at or below the second pressure level.
  • a fourth pressure level of the liquid nitrogen removed at the first end of the cooling section is below the third pressure level.
  • the liquid nitrogen is advantageously not subjected to any pressure-increasing measures at the second end of the cooling section. So here is, for example, in contrast to the one mentioned several times DE 10 2012 016 292 A1 , no device for pressure build-up evaporation and no pump. A corresponding increase in pressure takes place within the scope of the present invention, in particular only at the first end of the cooling section using a circulation pump. Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, the liquid nitrogen of the circulating stream is used, ie no switching valves are provided.
  • liquid nitrogen is taken from the reservoir and fed into the circulatory stream before the circulatory stream is fed to the cooling section at the first end, and liquid nitrogen is discharged from the circulatory stream and at least partially fed to the second nitrogen bath after the circulatory stream is fed to the cooling section taken from the second end.
  • the second method mode is therefore carried out within the scope of the present invention.
  • the closed cooling device used at the first end of the cooling section works at full power, so the first process mode represents in particular regular operation.
  • the second process mode is a process mode in which the at the first The closed cooling device used at the end of the cooling section does not work or can at least not work at full capacity. It is therefore an emergency or backup process mode, which is carried out, for example, in the event of a partial or complete unplanned failure of the closed cooling device, but also, for example, in the case of corresponding planned events, for example maintenance that is routinely required.
  • the present invention makes use of the fact that, to compensate for the usual evaporation losses that occur during supercooling at the second end of the cooling section, a reservoir for liquid nitrogen is already available at the first end of the cooling section, the contents of which can now advantageously also be used to bridge periods in which the closed cooling device used at the first end of the cooling section is not working or at least not working at full power.
  • Corresponding nitrogen is advantageously supercooled in any case in a supercooler before it is introduced into the circulation flow mentioned and can therefore be used to fill the first supercooled nitrogen bath at the first end of the cooling section. will be added while a pressure reduction in the first nitrogen bath made by means of a pump, similar to the second nitrogen bath.
  • the method according to the invention comprises that in the second method mode the closed cooling device is not operated or only operated to a reduced extent or with reduced power and, to compensate, further liquid nitrogen is taken from the reservoir, supercooled and fed to the first supercooled nitrogen bath, and that in the second process mode gaseous nitrogen is also pumped out of the first nitrogen bath by means of a pump under pressure reduction to a subatmospheric pressure level in the first supercooled nitrogen bath.
  • a container used to hold the first nitrogen bath ie the corresponding sub-cooler
  • a storage volume that is two to three times that is provided compared to other systems in which no corresponding feed is provided in the second operating mode.
  • a closed cooling device can be used with particular advantage in the context of the present invention, in which one or more refrigerant circuits are formed with one or more refrigerants, which or in the first operating mode using a first number of compressors and in the second operating mode with a second, smaller number of compressors is or will be compressed.
  • the first number of compressors can be two and the second number of compressors can be one.
  • a closed cooling device can be used in which part of the compression and thus refrigeration capacity provided in the first process mode with a larger number of compressors operated can also be provided in the second operating mode, in which fewer or only one compressor be used.
  • This lower refrigeration capacity can be compensated for by the use of liquid nitrogen according to the invention, which is drawn off from the reservoir and fed to the first nitrogen bath.
  • liquid nitrogen according to the invention, which is drawn off from the reservoir and fed to the first nitrogen bath.
  • the liquid nitrogen taken from the reservoir and introduced into the circulatory stream is advantageously introduced into the circulatory stream using a mixing device. In this way, it is possible to avoid unequal temperature distributions and set a homogeneous mixed temperature level, particularly when the introduced nitrogen and the already present circulating nitrogen have different temperature levels.
  • the liquid nitrogen in the form of the circulating stream is therefore advantageously passed through a circulating pump, after it has been removed at the first end of the cooling section and before it is fed in again at the first end of the cooling section, at which a suitable pressure difference can also be set.
  • the liquid nitrogen conducted in the form of the circulating flow can be fed to the circulating pump at a first pressure level of at least 2 bar (abs.).
  • the first pressure level can be about 10 bar (abs.).
  • a corresponding pressure level results in particular from the pressure level downstream of the circulating pump, which can be above the first pressure level and, for example, at approx. 15 bar (abs.), and from the pressure losses over the cooling section.
  • the liquid nitrogen taken from the reservoir and introduced into the circulating stream is added to the reservoir, in particular at a second pressure level above the first pressure levels taken.
  • the introduced nitrogen is in particular also fed to the circulation pump together with the circulation flow.
  • a corresponding setting of the first and second pressure levels always results in a mandatory flow direction from the reservoir to the point of entry into the circulatory flow.
  • the injected nitrogen is typically expanded from the second to the first pressure level by means of a suitable valve before it is introduced into the circulating stream.
  • cooling can be used.
  • the liquid nitrogen carried in the form of the circulating flow can be subjected to the first cooling before and/or after it is passed through the circulating pump. Details are also explained in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which the Figures 4 to 6 embodiments of the present invention shown provide cooling before and after the circulation pump.
  • the liquid nitrogen in the reservoir is typically in a non-supercooled state, while subcooled nitrogen is present in the recycle stream, if the nitrogen injected from the reservoir is not subjected to any further cooling prior to being injected into the recycle stream, a significant cooling will occur Temperature increase that must be compensated for by a corresponding cooling capacity in the assigned subcooler. Therefore, as already mentioned, it is advantageously provided within the scope of the present invention that the liquid nitrogen taken from the reservoir and introduced into the circulation stream is cooled using a third supercooled nitrogen bath before it is introduced into the circulation stream. The third supercooled nitrogen bath is also used for supercooling the liquid nitrogen fed into the first supercooled nitrogen bath in the second operating mode.
  • Such cooling of the liquid nitrogen introduced into the circulating flow and, in the second process mode, fed into the first supercooled nitrogen bath can therefore be carried out in particular by using a further, ie third, supercooled nitrogen bath.
  • the third supercooled nitrogen bath is provided in that further liquid nitrogen is removed from the reservoir at the first pressure level and expanded to a third pressure level with partial evaporation.
  • the third pressure level can, for example, be at atmospheric pressure or slightly, ie in particular at most 0.5 bar, above atmospheric pressure. In this way, corresponding additional cold can be generated and there is a partial evaporation of the expanded nitrogen.
  • a portion of the additional liquid nitrogen from the reservoir that is not vaporized during the expansion to the third pressure level can be at least partially fed to the third nitrogen bath and a portion of the additional liquid nitrogen from the reservoir that has evaporated during the expansion to the third pressure level can be at least partially used as a coolant in the closed cooling device can be used.
  • a cooling device with a Brayton cooler is used in particular as the closed cooling device, there is a further saving in energy.
  • the present invention also extends to a device for cooling a consumer via a cooling path that extends between a first end and a second end.
  • the apparatus is operable in a first mode of operation for at least a first period of time and in a second mode of operation for at least a second, different period of time and comprises means adapted to supply liquid nitrogen in the form of a circulating stream, i.e.
  • the means are set up in particular to always lead in the same direction, so that this is not, as for example in the DE 10 2012 016 292 A1 , experiences a reversal of direction.
  • These means include, in particular, corresponding lines and a circulation pump.
  • the device has means which are set up to carry out the first cooling using a first supercooled nitrogen bath and the second cooling using a second supercooled nitrogen bath in the first and in the second operating mode.
  • the first and the second nitrogen bath or corresponding containers are part of the device.
  • It also has a closed cooling device that is set up to cool the first nitrogen bath in the first operating mode, and means that are set up to supercool the second nitrogen bath in the first and in the second operating mode at least partially by reducing the pressure to a subatmospheric pressure level.
  • the latter include in particular a vacuum pump.
  • Means are also provided which are set up in the first and in the second operating mode to at least partially compensate for the amount of nitrogen evaporating from the second nitrogen bath due to the pressure reduction to the subatmospheric pressure level from a reservoir, for which purpose the device has corresponding lines and in particular corresponding valves.
  • the device is characterized in particular by means that are set up to remove liquid nitrogen from the reservoir for the named equalization and introduce it into the circulatory flow before the circulatory flow is fed to the cooling section at the first end, and liquid nitrogen from the circulatory flow discharge and at least partially fed to the second nitrogen bath, after the circulatory flow of the cooling section is removed at the second end.
  • means are provided which are set up to remove further liquid nitrogen from the reservoir, to supercool it and to feed it to the first supercooled nitrogen bath whenever the closed cooling device is not operated in the second operating mode or is only operated with reduced power. Furthermore, a pump is provided which is set up to pump gaseous nitrogen out of the first nitrogen bath in the second operating mode while reducing the pressure to a subatmospheric pressure level.
  • control device that is set up to output a control specification to the device so that it works in the first or in the second operating mode.
  • the control device can, for example, also be set up to recognize that the closed cooling device cannot be operated or can only be operated with reduced power and to switch from the first to the second operating mode on this basis.
  • one or more first cooling passages are provided for transporting the liquid nitrogen in the form of the circulating flow from the first end to the second end along the cooling section and one or more second cooling passages are provided for transporting from the second end to the first end along the cooling section is or are fluidly separated from the one or more first cooling passages.
  • FIG 1 a system according to an embodiment not according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation.
  • the system shown comprises a consumer 1, which, as mentioned, can in particular be an (HTSL) cable system.
  • the consumer 1 is cooled using liquid nitrogen, which is conducted in a circulatory flow 2 .
  • the liquid nitrogen in cycle stream 2 is cooled in a heat exchanger 3 in the example shown, fed to a circulation pump 4, cooled in another heat exchanger 5 and used again to cool consumer 1.
  • a circulation pump 4 cooled in another heat exchanger 5 and used again to cool consumer 1.
  • only one of the two heat exchangers 3 and 5 can also be provided.
  • the heat exchangers 3 and 5, if present, are each arranged in a subcooled nitrogen bath in a subcooler 6.
  • the nitrogen in the circulating stream 2 can be cooled to a temperature level of, for example, approximately 67 K and can be used at this temperature level to cool the consumer 1 .
  • cooling consumer 1 heats up to a temperature level of, for example, approx. 73 K.
  • the sub-cooling of the nitrogen bath in the sub-cooler 6 is effected by pressure reduction using a pump 7 which pumps out nitrogen evaporating from the nitrogen bath and in this way reduces the pressure level in the sub-cooler 6 .
  • the nitrogen pumped out is, for example, discharged to the atmosphere (amb). Nitrogen losses caused by pumping out are compensated for by liquid nitrogen from a reservoir 8 via a valve 9 .
  • the reservoir 8 can be fed by means of an air separation plant.
  • the reservoir 8 is provided with a pressure build-up evaporator 10 here.
  • a bidirectional connection, not specifically designated, to the reservoir 8 is provided in the example shown.
  • the pressure level of the nitrogen in the circulating flow 2 upstream of the circulating pump 4 and at the same time in the reservoir is typically above 2 bar (abs.), for example approximately 10 bar (abs.).
  • the pressure level of the nitrogen in the circulating stream 2 downstream of the Circulation pump 4 is above this, for example at about 15 bar (abs.).
  • the pressure level in the subcooler 6 is below atmospheric pressure, in particular at 0.1 to 0.5 bar (abs.), for example at approx. 0.2 bar (abs.).
  • FIG 2 a system according to a further embodiment not according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation.
  • a closed cooling device 11 can also be used, which is used in the system according to FIG figure 2 is provided in addition to the pump 7.
  • the nitrogen from the sub-cooler 6 is additionally cooled using a suitable refrigeration machine, which can in particular include one or more Stirling coolers and/or one or more Brayton coolers operated using neon and/or helium.
  • the nitrogen enters the cooling device 11 in gaseous form and is returned to the subcooler 6 in liquid form.
  • a pressure control device 21 is provided, which instead of in the system according to figure 1 provided connection is set up with the reservoir 8 for pressure adjustment. In this way the pressure level in the reservoir 8 can be adjusted to a value which is independent of the pressure level upstream of the circulation pump 4 .
  • FIG 3 a system according to a further embodiment not according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation.
  • the system according to figure 3 is particularly advantageous when a longer cooling distance is to be covered.
  • a further sub-cooler 12 with a heat exchanger 13 is arranged at one end of the consumer 1 or a corresponding cooling section of the sub-cooler 6 with the heat exchangers 3 and/or 5 and at the other end of the consumer 1 or the cooling section.
  • the sub-cooler 6 is provided with the pump 7
  • the further sub-cooler 12 is equipped with the cooling device 11 . In this way, excessive heating of the nitrogen in the circulating stream 2 over the (long) cooling section can be prevented.
  • FIG 4 a system according to a further embodiment not according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation.
  • the cooling device 11 and the reservoir 8 at the same end of the consumer 1 or a corresponding cooling section and are assigned to the subcooler 6 arranged there.
  • the subcooler 12 arranged at the other end is equipped with the pump 7 .
  • the pump 7, on the other hand can be arranged at the other end, taking up little installation space, at which there may be a lack of space or where other devices are arranged.
  • nitrogen is introduced from the reservoir 8 at one end into the circulating flow 2 via the valve 9 and not into a corresponding subcooler.
  • This additionally injected nitrogen is mixed into the circulating flow 2 by means of a mixing device 14 .
  • this nitrogen is removed from the circulating stream 2 again and fed via a valve 15 and a corresponding line to the subcooler 12 provided there.
  • the pressure level in the reservoir 8 is therefore (slightly) higher than the pressure level of the nitrogen in the circulatory stream 2 upstream of the circulatory pump 4.
  • the pressure difference used can in principle be higher or lower than the pressure level of the nitrogen in the circulatory stream 2 upstream of the circulatory pump 4.
  • FIG 5 a system according to a further embodiment not according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation.
  • another sub-cooler 18 with a corresponding heat exchanger 16 is used here.
  • the nitrogen to be fed into the circulating stream 2 is expanded by means of the valve 9 after it has been removed from the reservoir 8 and passed through the heat exchanger 16 .
  • a nitrogen bath in the further subcooler 18 is provided by further nitrogen which is taken from the reservoir 8 and expanded to atmospheric pressure or slightly above by means of a further valve 17 . Some of the nitrogen released via the valve 17 evaporates. The vaporized portion is vented to the atmosphere (atm). The portion that remains in liquid form is supercooled and can therefore be used as a cooling medium.
  • the pressure level in the further sub-cooler 18 is at or slightly above atmospheric pressure, i.e. typically a maximum of 0.5 bar.
  • the nitrogen to be fed into the circulating flow 2 is already at a temperature level of typically less than 80 K, so that corresponding losses during mixing in via the mixing device are avoided.
  • the required cooling capacity of the cooling device 11 can also be reduced to a corresponding extent in this way.
  • FIG 6 a system according to a further embodiment not according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation.
  • gaseous nitrogen flowing out of the further subcooler 18 is also used as a cooling medium in the cooling device 11, which can have a Brayton cooler here in particular.
  • a corresponding heat exchanger 19 is provided for this purpose. In this way, energy losses can be further reduced.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B 1 shows a system according to an embodiment of the present invention in a simplified schematic representation in a first and a second operating or method mode and is denoted by 100 .
  • the first operating or process mode which is Figure 7A is shown corresponds essentially to the (single) operating or method mode in the system according to FIG figure 6 is possible.
  • a compressor that compresses one or more refrigerants in one or more refrigeration circuits in the closed cooling device 11, shown explicitly and denoted by 20.
  • Such a compressor can also be used in the cooling device of the system according to FIG figure 6 be provided.
  • the vaporized nitrogen from the subcooler 15 is not, partially or fully used as a cooling medium in the closed cooling device 11 or is instead discharged to the atmosphere (atm) is basically optional.
  • a valve 22 and a pump 23 are also shown, which in accordance with the first mode of operation Figure 7A are closed or not in operation. This is additionally illustrated by dashed flow arrows.
  • the entire cooling capacity for cooling the nitrogen bath in the subcooler 6 is provided by the closed cooling device 11. Occurs in the system 100 according to the Figures 7A and 7B If the closed cooling device 11 is at least partially switched off or is at least partially switched off, the second operating or method mode according to FIG Figure 7B carried out or initiated. The inactivation of the closed cooling device 11 in the second operating mode is indicated by corresponding dashed elements in FIG Figure 7B illustrated.
  • the closed cooling device 11 is not operated or is only operated with reduced power and further liquid nitrogen is removed from the reservoir 8, supercooled via the valve 22 and fed to the first supercooled nitrogen bath, ie the subcooler 6.
  • gaseous nitrogen is also pumped out of the first nitrogen bath, ie from the subcooler 6, by means of the pump 19 by means of the pump 23, with the pressure being reduced to a subatmospheric pressure level.
  • FIG. 8A and 8B a system according to a further embodiment of the present invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation in a first and a second operating or method mode and is denoted by 200 .
  • the system 200 differs from the system 100 essentially in that the closed cooling device 11 is provided with two compressors or compressor stages of a compressor, denoted here by 20a and 20b. If one of them fails, as with regard to the second operating mode in Figure 8B shown, the correspondingly reduced cooling capacity can be compensated for by feeding in the nitrogen from the reservoir 8 .
  • control device 50 is also illustrated in a highly simplified manner, which is set up to output a control specification to the device so that it works in the first or in the second operating mode.
  • the control device 50 can also be set up, for example, to recognize that the closed cooling device 11 cannot be operated or can only be operated with reduced power and to switch from the first to the second operating mode on this basis.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a cooling line that can be provided in a system according to the previous figures. This is summarized here with 1000.
  • a consumer is indicated by 1 and a circulating stream by 2.
  • Cooling passages are illustrated at 1010 and 1020 separated by a dashed line 1100 .
  • the cooling passages 1010 and 1020 are for transporting the liquid nitrogen in the form of the circulating stream 2 from the first end to the second end along the cooling line on the one hand (“first cooling passage” 1010) and for transporting it from the second end to the first end along the cooling line on the other hand (“second cooling passage” 1020) provided and fluidically separated from each other in the sense explained above.
  • the first end of the cooling section 1000 has the reference number 1001, the second end of the cooling section has the reference number 1002.
  • a feed opening (for the circulating flow 2 at the first end 1001 into the cooling section 1000 or the first cooling passage 1010) is denoted by 1011 ("first feed opening”).
  • a removal opening (for the circuit stream 2 at the second end 1002 from the cooling section 1000 or the first cooling passage 1010) is denoted by 1012 ("first removal opening”).
  • a feed opening (for the circuit stream 2 at the second end 1002 in the cooling section 1000 or the second cooling passage 1020) is denoted by 1021 ("second feed opening”).
  • a bleed port (for the recycle flow 2 at the first end 1001 from the cooling section 1000 or the second cooling passage 1020) is denoted by 1022 ("second removal opening").

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de refroidissement d'un consommateur (1) par le biais d'une ligne de refroidissement, qui s'étend entre une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité, dans lequel
    - le procédé est effectué dans au moins un premier intervalle de temps dans un premier mode de procédé et dans au moins un deuxième intervalle de temps différent dans un deuxième mode de procédé,
    - dans le premier et dans le deuxième mode de procédé, de l'azote liquide sous la forme d'un flux de circulation (2) est soumis en continu et en circulation répétée à un premier refroidissement, alimenté à la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la première extrémité, transporté de la première extrémité à la deuxième extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement, prélevé de la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la deuxième extrémité, soumis à un deuxième refroidissement, alimenté à la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la deuxième extrémité, transporté de la deuxième extrémité à la première extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement et prélevé de la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la première extrémité,
    - dans le premier et dans le deuxième mode de procédé, le premier refroidissement est réalisé à l'aide d'un premier bain d'azote sous-refroidi et le deuxième refroidissement est réalisé à l'aide d'un deuxième bain d'azote sous-refroidi, dans le premier mode de procédé le premier bain d'azote étant sous-refroidi au moins partiellement au moyen d'un dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11) et dans le premier et dans le deuxième mode de procédé le deuxième bain d'azote étant sous-refroidi au moins partiellement par réduction de pression à un niveau de pression sous-atmosphérique,
    - dans le premier et dans le deuxième mode de procédé, une quantité d'azote s'évaporant du deuxième bain d'azote en raison de la réduction de pression à un niveau de pression sous-atmosphérique est compensée au moins partiellement à partir d'un réservoir (8), en prélevant de l'azote liquide du réservoir (8), en le sous-refroidissant et en l'introduisant dans le flux de circulation (2) avant que le flux de circulation (2) ne soit alimenté à la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la première extrémité, et en soutirant de l'azote liquide du flux de circulation (2) et en l'introduisant au moins partiellement dans le deuxième bain d'azote après que le flux de circulation (2) ait été prélevé de la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la deuxième extrémité,
    - dans le deuxième mode de procédé le dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11) n'est pas utilisé ou utilisé seulement avec une puissance réduite et que de l'azote liquide supplémentaire est prélevé du réservoir (8), sous-refroidi et introduit dans le premier bain d'azote sous-refroidi, et
    - dans le deuxième mode de procédé de l'azote gazeux est en outre pompé du premier bain d'azote au moyen d'une pompe (19) en réduisant la pression à un niveau de pression sous-atmosphérique, caractérisé en ce que
    que dans lequel l'azote liquide sous forme de flux de circulation (2) est guidé, lors du transport de la première extrémité à la deuxième extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement, à travers un ou plusieurs premiers passages de refroidissement et, lors du transport de la deuxième extrémité à la première extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement, à travers un ou plusieurs deuxièmes passages de refroidissement, qui sont séparés fluidiquement dudit un ou desdits plusieurs premiers passages de refroidissement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, en guise de dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11), un dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11) est utilisé, dans lequel un ou plusieurs circuits de refroidissement comprenant un ou plusieurs fluides réfrigérants sont formés, lequel ou lesquels est ou sont comprimé(s) dans le premier mode de fonctionnement en utilisant un premier nombre de compresseurs (20a, 20b) et dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement avec un deuxième nombre inférieur de compresseurs (20a).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'azote liquide guidé sous forme de flux de circulation (2) est guidé, après son prélèvement au niveau de la première extrémité de la ligne de refroidissement et avant une nouvelles alimentation au niveau de la première extrémité de la ligne de refroidissement, à travers une pompe de circulation (4).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'azote liquide guidé sous forme de flux de circulation (2) est alimenté à la pompe de circulation (4) à un premier niveau de pression d'au moins 2 bars (abs.).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'azote liquide prélevé du réservoir (8) et introduit dans le flux de circulation (2) est prélevé du réservoir (8) à un deuxième niveau de pression supérieur au premier.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'azote liquide guidé sous forme de flux de circulation (2) est soumis au premier refroidissement avant et/ou après avoir été guidé à travers la pompe de circulation (4).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, dans lequel l'azote liquide prélevé du réservoir (8) et introduit dans le flux de circulation (2) est introduit dans le flux de circulation (2) avant que le flux de circulation (2) ne soit guidé à travers la pompe de circulation (4).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, dans lequel l'azote liquide prélevé du réservoir (8) dans le premier et dans le deuxième mode de procédé et introduit dans le flux de circulation (2) ainsi que l'azote liquide supplémentaire prélevé du réservoir (8) dans le deuxième mode de procédé et introduit dans le premier bain d'azote sous-refroidi est refroidi en utilisant un troisième bain d'azote sous-refroidi avant d'être introduit dans le flux de circulation (2).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le troisième bain d'azote sous-refroidi est préparé en ce que de l'azote liquide supplémentaire est prélevé du réservoir (8) au premier niveau de pression et détendu par évaporation partielle à un troisième niveau de pression.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel une proportion de l'azote liquide supplémentaire provenant du réservoir (8), non évaporée lors de la détente au troisième niveau de pression est alimentée au moins partiellement au troisième bain d'azote et une proportion de l'azote liquide supplémentaire provenant du réservoir (8), évaporée lors de la détente au troisième niveau de pression est utilisée au moins partiellement comme moyen de refroidissement dans le dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel, en guise de dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11), un dispositif de refroidissement pourvu d'un refroidisseur Brayton est utilisé.
  12. Dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur (1) par le biais d'une ligne de refroidissement, qui s'étend entre une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité, dans lequel le dispositif peut fonctionner dans au moins un premier intervalle de temps dans un premier mode de fonctionnement et dans au moins un deuxième intervalle de fonctionnement dans un deuxième mode de fonctionnement et présente :
    - des moyens, comprenant des échangeurs de chaleur (3, 5, 13) et une pompe de circulation (4), qui sont conçus pour, dans le premier et deuxième mode de fonctionnement, en continu en circulation et de manière répétée soumettre l'azote liquide sous la forme d'un flux de circulation (2) à un premier refroidissement, l'alimenter à la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la première extrémité, le transporter de la première extrémité à la seconde extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement, le prélever de la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la seconde extrémité, le soumettre à un deuxième refroidissement, l'alimenter à la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la deuxième extrémité, le transporter de la deuxième extrémité à la première extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement et le prélever de la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la première extrémité,
    - des moyens qui sont conçus pour, dans le premier et le deuxième mode de fonctionnement, effectuer le premier refroidissement en utilisant un premier bain d'azote sous-refroidi et le deuxième refroidissement en utilisant un deuxième bain d'azote sous-refroidi, un dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11) qui est conçu pour, dans le premier mode de fonctionnement, refroidir le premier bain d'azote et des moyens, comprenant une pompe à vide (7) qui est conçue pour sous-refroidir, dans le premier et le deuxième mode de fonctionnement, le deuxième bain d'azote au moins partiellement par la réduction de pression à un niveau de pression sous-atmosphérique, et
    - des moyens qui sont conçus pour compenser une quantité d'azote s'évaporant du deuxième bain d'azote en raison de la réduction de pression à un niveau de pression sous-atmosphérique au moins partiellement à partir d'un réservoir (8), en prélevant de l'azote liquide du réservoir et en l'introduisant dans le flux de circulation (2) avant que le flux de circulation (2) ne soit alimenté à la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la première extrémité, et en soutirant de l'azote liquide du flux de circulation (2) et en l'introduisant au moins partiellement dans le deuxième bain d'azote après que le flux de circulation (2) ait été prélevé de la ligne de refroidissement au niveau de la deuxième extrémité,
    - des moyens qui sont conçus pour, chaque fois que, dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement, le dispositif de refroidissement fermé (11) n'est pas utilisé ou utilisé seulement avec une puissance réduite, prélever de l'azote liquide supplémentaire du réservoir (8), le sous-refroidir et l'introduire dans le premier bain d'azote sous-refroidi,
    - une pompe (19) qui est conçue pour, dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement, pomper de l'azote gazeux du premier bain d'azote en réduisant la pression à un niveau de pression sous-atmosphérique, et
    - un dispositif de commande (50) qui est conçue pour émettre une indication de commande au dispositif, de telle sorte que celui-ci fonctionne dans le premier ou dans le deuxième mode de fonctionnement, caractérisé en ce que dans lequel, pour le transport
    de l'azote liquide sous forme de flux de circulation de la première extrémité à la seconde extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement, un ou plusieurs premiers passages de refroidissement est ou sont mis à disposition et, pour le transport de la seconde extrémité à la première extrémité le long de la ligne de refroidissement, un ou plusieurs deuxièmes passages de refroidissement, qui sont séparés fluidiquement dudit un ou desdits plusieurs premiers passages de refroidissement, est ou sont mis à disposition.
  13. Système (100, 200) comprenant un consommateur (1) à refroidir, caractérisé par un dispositif selon la revendication 12.
EP18020652.6A 2018-01-12 2018-12-21 Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un consommateur et système comprenant un dispositif correspondant et consommateur Active EP3511650B1 (fr)

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EP3943833A1 (fr) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-26 Linde GmbH Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement d'un câble supraconducteur et système correspondant

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DE19755484A1 (de) 1997-12-13 1999-06-17 Univ Dresden Tech Verfahren zur Kälteerzeugung im Temperaturbereich von 50,1 bis 63 Kelvin und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE10217092A1 (de) 2002-04-17 2003-11-06 Linde Ag Kühlung von Hochtemperatursupraleitern
US7263845B2 (en) * 2004-09-29 2007-09-04 The Boc Group, Inc. Backup cryogenic refrigeration system
US20060150639A1 (en) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-13 Zia Jalal H Cable cooling system
DE102012016292B4 (de) 2012-08-16 2023-02-23 Messer Industriegase Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Objekten
DE102013011212B4 (de) 2013-07-04 2015-07-30 Messer Group Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Kühlen eines Verbrauchers mit einer unterkühlten Flüssigkeit in einem Kühlkreislauf

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