EP3510372A1 - Assembly and method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines - Google Patents
Assembly and method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft enginesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3510372A1 EP3510372A1 EP17764562.9A EP17764562A EP3510372A1 EP 3510372 A1 EP3510372 A1 EP 3510372A1 EP 17764562 A EP17764562 A EP 17764562A EP 3510372 A1 EP3510372 A1 EP 3510372A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- force
- strain
- transmitting elements
- aircraft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/13—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the tractive or propulsive power of vehicles
- G01L5/133—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the tractive or propulsive power of vehicles for measuring thrust of propulsive devices, e.g. of propellers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2268—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects
- G01L1/2281—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects for temperature variations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines or turbine jet engines.
- thermodynamic variables are concerning measured the cyclic process of the engine ⁇ plant during operation of the aircraft engine and then the supposed thrust ⁇ force thermodynamic parameters and specific models of the thruster building (gas generator method) (the change in momentum of the fluid flow through the engine EPR or
- the methodological error in a shear force determination according to this prior art is - depending on the measurement and calculation method - ⁇ 3 to ⁇ 5% or more.
- the document DE 20 2011 116 975 B3 proposes a Schubkraftmes ⁇ solution via strain gauges, which at appropriate locations be arranged outside of the structure of an aircraft. To compensate for measurement errors, several strain gauges should always be arranged in bridge circuit, the plausibility of the determined thrust should be carried out by spatially separated measurement, each with multiple strain gauges in bridge circuit. The relationship between measured strain and thrust can be calculated or experimentally determined in the form of a characteristic curve.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an arrangement for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines, which is improved over the prior art.
- the invention relates to a method for determining the thrust of an aircraft engine, wherein the aircraft ⁇ engine is mounted on the force-transmitting elements of an engine mount with a known geometry on an aircraft, the force-transmitting elements on the Surface is provided with a number of strain gauge sensors allows for the determination of the strain state of the force-transmitting elements, and the number of strain gauge ⁇ sensors at least corresponding number is provided on temperature sensors for measuring the surface temperature, in each case at least one temperature sensor in close proximity to a respective strain sensor is arranged, with the steps:
- the invention relates to an arrangement for determining the thrust of an aircraft engine, wherein the aircraft ⁇ engine via force-transmitting elements of an engine suspension ⁇ hanging with a known geometry on an aircraft befes- is provided, wherein the force-transmitting elements are provided with a number of strain measurement ⁇ NEN, which allows the determination of the strain state of the force-transmitting elements, and one of the number of strain gauges at least corresponding number of temperature sensors is provided for measuring the surface temperature, wherein in each case a temperature sensor in close proximity to a respective strain gauge sensors are arranged, and wherein the strain measurement ⁇ sensors and temperature sensors are connected to a detection unit for detecting the measurement results of the strain gauge sensors and temperature sensors, wherein said detection unit is connected with an evaluation unit, which is to be formed ⁇ , the thrust of the To determine aircraft engine according to a method of the invention.
- an engine mount always comprises a plurality of force-transmitting elements.
- the invention expressly also includes such engine suspensions, which have only one force-transmitting element.
- the invention has recognized that active temperature compensation is required for high accuracy in determining the thrust of an aircraft engine by strain gauges disposed on the exterior of the engine mount. It has been shown that an exclu ⁇ Lich passive temperature compensation, as example. By suitable bridge circuits can be achieved in the
- Thrust determination of aircraft engines in normal operation does not allow nearly comparable exact thrust force determination. This is especially the high heat output of the engine and rapid changes in ambient temperature ⁇ ture, eg. During takeoff and landing, owed. Due to the high hen heat output of the engine in a contrast significantly cooler environment, it is regularly Temperaturdif ⁇ ferenzen even with closely spaced strain gauges, which can not be compensated by a passive temperature compensation. Furthermore, it comes with strain gauges during rapid temperature changes to error signals fen on the temperature dependence of the Dehnungsmesstrei- are due and can not or only insufficiently be compen ⁇ Siert regularly by a passive temperature compensation.
- the invention has recognized that, for high accuracy in determining the thrust of an aircraft engine, a move away from passive temperature compensation toward active temperature compensation is required.
- active temperature compensation in which the temperature is detected directly in the area of a strain gauge sensor and used to correct the measured values, it is possible to compensate for static and transient influences resulting from the temperature or a temperature change. It is known in the art to determine the effects of tempera ⁇ ture or temperature change on the measurement result of a strain gauge sensor by calculation or experimentally, taking into account the effects so determined in the compensation.
- the inventive method and the erfindungsge ⁇ Permitted arrangement it is possible to measure the physically transmitted between the engine and aircraft thrust. A faulty calculation of the thrust force on auxiliary measures and model calculations with pure assumption of significant factors, as is known from the prior art, is avoided.
- the direct measurement of thrust at the system boundary between the aircraft and the engine provides the Associate possibility schubvermindernde influences directly the flight ⁇ convincing or the engine. For example, it is possible to clearly differentiate between a reduction in thrust by a soiled fuselage of wear effects in the engine itself.
- the determination of the thrust force is further basically in all flight situations possible and not limited to such flight situations, for which a suitable mathematical model for calculation of the net thrust EXISTING ⁇ is the.
- the determination of the strain state is preferably based on a mechanical calibration, in which the sensitivity of the strain gauges is determined by applying a known test force to the force-transmitting elements of the engine mount and / or the aircraft engine. In other words, it is determined how individual defined test forces in the measurement results of the strain gauges wi mirrors, so that a correlation between the measurement results and the size of the test load is created. In this case, it is particularly preferred if the test forces are exerted directly on an aircraft engine-mounted aircraft engine, since the power transmission from the aircraft engine to the engine mount can be taken into account directly during the mechanical calibration. However, it is also possible to carry out the mechanical calibration by means of a test device in which the engine mount is clamped with its connection points and with which the loads occurring during operation of the engine suspension can be simulated in a controlled manner.
- the compensation of temperature influences into account static influences which include the tempera ⁇ turforme change in the material properties of the material of the force-transmitting elements of the engine mount in the area of strain gauge sensors, the temperature coefficient of the strain gauge sensors used and / or the sensitivity change of the strain gauge sensors used.
- static influences which include the tempera ⁇ turforme change in the material properties of the material of the force-transmitting elements of the engine mount in the area of strain gauge sensors, the temperature coefficient of the strain gauge sensors used and / or the sensitivity change of the strain gauge sensors used.
- Engine suspension as a function of the time course of the ambient temperature and / or the course of the temperature coefficient of the strain gauges depending on the course of the ambient temperature include. It has been found that the consideration of transient temperature influences is advantageous for high accuracy in the determination of the thrust force.
- the transient temperature influences primarily on ⁇ fundamentally faster ambient temperature changes, eg. In the climb or descent, or due to different temperature ⁇ structures on the surface of the force-transmitting elements of the engine mount, the flow due to different arrival or local temperature entries, for example. By the engine , can arise.
- the consideration of the transient temperature influences is essential in order to be able to deduce as accurately as possible the measured values of the strain gage sensors for the stress state of the engine suspension or the force-transmitting elements of the engine suspension and, based thereon, on the thrust of the engine.
- the factors required for the compensation of static and transient temperature effects can be determined within the framework of tests on a test stand which, in addition to the application of test forces, may also adjust and change the ambient temperature for the engine suspension. Due to the licensing For aircraft and their components, engine suspensions of one type shall be assumed to be of such a type that the factors determined for one engine suspension for the compensation of static and transient temperature effects shall apply to other engine suspensions of the same type.
- the inventive method allows, in principle, in addition to the temperature calibration is also an extensive mechanical calibration under laboratory conditions ⁇ . A new calibration at the engine is usually not required.
- the mechanical Calib ⁇ turing performed at fully installed on the engine mounting aircraft engine, or at least verified to the engine via the secondary load paths, eg. Via hose, cable or pipe joints of the plane
- the strain gauge sensors can preferably strip strain gauge ⁇ preferably comprise rdnung in quarter, half or Voll stipulatenano-.
- the strain gauge sensors are preferably arranged on a force transmitting element in that it enabled the detection of the union ⁇ strain condition in all spatial directions.
- the inventively provided detection unit is in principle arranged ⁇ on board the aircraft.
- the Ausenseein ⁇ standardized may also arranged directly on board the aircraft ⁇ and be permanently connected to the detection unit, so that, if necessary, even a calculation of the thrust of the aircraft engine ⁇ can be done in real time.
- the measured values of the strain gauges and temperature sensors are detected only by the detection unit.
- the measurement ⁇ detected values can be transferred directly to a arranged outside the aircraft, then evaluation unit that calculates it ⁇ towards the thrust of the aircraft engine.
- Alterna ⁇ tiv the measured values in a Quick Access Recorder (QAR) can be cached, an example.
- Mo ⁇ bile evaluation unit can be connected to the, if necessary, so that the off ⁇ evaluation unit calculated based on the cached data, the thrust of the aircraft engine.
- the inventively provided evaluation unit may be disposed in front ⁇ preferably on board the aircraft and connected to the Data Management Unit (DMU) of the aircraft. Further preferably, the evaluation unit can transmit the determined thrust ⁇ force to the DMU in real time. In other words, the evaluation unit of the DMU regularly available to ermit ⁇ Telte currently provided by an aircraft engine thrust for further processing and control of the aircraft.
- DMU Data Management Unit
- the detection unit and / or the associated data management unit of the aircraft are trained to send the measured values determined via an Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS).
- ACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System
- together with other data relating to the flight status of the aircraft can be determined by a located on the ground location comprising an evaluation unit, the thrust of the aircraft ⁇ kerugtriebwerks and if necessary determine if and, if so, which repair measures on the aircraft or an engine if necessary are.
- Figure 1 a schematic representation of an inventive
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN arrangement 1 for determining the thrust of an aircraft engine 2 of an aircraft (not shown).
- the aircraft engine is connected via an engine mount 3 comprising force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ with the wing 4 and dar ⁇ about with the aircraft.
- the geometry of the drive ⁇ plant mounting 3 comprises the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ between the connection points to the aircraft engine 2 and the wings 4 are known and beyond identical between the ver ⁇ different planes of the same type with the same aircraft engines. 2
- the arrangement 1 comprises a total of four strain measuring sensors 10 and four temperature measuring sensors 11, of which only two are shown, since the other two are on the opposite ⁇ and thus not shown in Figure 1 side of the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ .
- the strain gauges 10 each comprise strain gauges in full bridge configuration, each allowing full biaxial determination of the strains on the surface of the force transmitting elements of the engine mount 3. By providing four strain gauges 10, considering the geometry of the engine mount 3, the strain state of the engine mount 3 can be determined in basically all spatial directions.
- the provided temperature sensors 11 are each arranged in the immediate vicinity of the strain gauges 10. Again, two of the temperature sensors 11 on the not shown in Figure 1 side of the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ of the engine mount 3 are again arranged. Via the temperature sensors 11, the respective local surface temperature of the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ can be determined. Due to the immediate proximity to the strain gauges 10, the measured temperatures are also valid for the respective adjacent strain gauge sensor 10.
- the strain measurement sensors 10 and the temperature sensors 11 are connected to an evaluation unit 20 via analog-to-digital converters 21 and a detection unit 22.
- the evaluation unit 20 is adapted from the strain of the ⁇ measuring sensors 10 and the temperature sensors 11 derived measurement data the current thrust of the aircraft engine 2 to ermit ⁇ stuffs.
- the evaluation unit 20 performs the following
- Temperature compensation takes into account both static and transient temperature influences.
- the static temperature influences include the temperature-dependent change in the material properties of the material of the engine mount 3 or the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ in the range of the strain gauges 10, the temperature coefficient of the strain gauges used 10 and the sensitivity change of the strain gauges used 10.
- the transient temperature influences include uneven heating of the drive ⁇ factory suspension 3 and the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ over their cross section, the course of the heating of the force-transmitting elements 3 ⁇ as a function of the time course of the ambient temperature and the course of the temperature coefficient of the strain gauge 10 as a function of the course of the ambient ⁇ ambient temperature.
- an exact value of the thrust transferred from the aircraft engine 2 to the wing 4 and thus to the aircraft can be determined on the basis of the mechanical calibration in each flight state.
- the actual thrust is detected, and not a result of Mo ⁇ della took from auxiliary variables calculated thrust.
- the thrust determined by the evaluation unit 20 is in real time to the Data Management Unit 23 of the aircraft übertra ⁇ gen and taken into account there in controlling the aircraft. From the Data Management Unit 23, the thrust force determined by the evaluation ⁇ unit 20 is further transmitted together with walls ⁇ ren values over the flight condition of the aircraft via an air- craft Communication Addressing and Reporting System 24 to a receiver on the ground (not shown) where this information can be further evaluated.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016216931.9A DE102016216931A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2016-09-07 | Arrangement and method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines |
PCT/EP2017/072415 WO2018046575A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Assembly and method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3510372A1 true EP3510372A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
Family
ID=59829368
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17764562.9A Ceased EP3510372A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Assembly and method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11067461B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3510372A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016216931A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018046575A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MX2019010977A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2019-12-11 | Imflux Inc | Method for controlling a rate or force of a clamp in a molding system using one or more strain gauges. |
DE102017211829B4 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2022-04-28 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | multicopter |
DE102018212769A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Aircraft propulsion system with thrust-dependent control |
DE102019210371B4 (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-05-17 | Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH | Method for measuring deformations of a vehicle component of a motor vehicle, measuring device and motor vehicle |
CN112763176B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-04-18 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | High-precision ground calibration system and method for wing load |
CN113945386B (en) * | 2021-09-19 | 2023-08-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Thrust determination method for ground pulley dynamic test engine of hair extension system |
US11674450B1 (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-13 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | System and method for synthesizing engine thrust |
CN116907716B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2024-01-26 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Thermal noise suppression based torsion pendulum type micro-thrust measuring device and method |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1120754B (en) | 1960-07-18 | 1961-12-28 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Thrust dynamometer for power transmission means |
US4328703A (en) | 1980-02-14 | 1982-05-11 | Avco Corporation | Thrust measuring test stand |
GB2338793B (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2002-02-13 | Secretary Trade Ind Brit | Force measurement system |
US7957851B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2011-06-07 | American Airlines, Inc. | System and method for utilization of transmitted digital flight data acquisition information to accomplish vibration balance solutions |
US7430926B2 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2008-10-07 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for measuring bearing thrust load |
EP1962164B1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2011-10-26 | Rolls-Royce plc | Lift measurement |
FR2950429B1 (en) | 2009-09-24 | 2011-11-18 | Airbus Operations Sas | DEVICE FOR MEASURING A TORSOR OF THE EFFORTS AND MOMENTS GENERATED BY A PROPELLANT AIRCRAFT ASSEMBLY |
US20110135474A1 (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-06-09 | Matthias Thulke | Method for temperature calibration of blade strain gauges and wind turbine rotor blade containing strain gauges |
DE102011116975B3 (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2013-03-21 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Method for determining shear force of engine mounted in vehicle e.g. aircraft, involves determining shear force of engine as effective force component in the predetermined thrust direction of vehicle |
-
2016
- 2016-09-07 DE DE102016216931.9A patent/DE102016216931A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-09-07 US US16/330,776 patent/US11067461B2/en active Active
- 2017-09-07 EP EP17764562.9A patent/EP3510372A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-09-07 WO PCT/EP2017/072415 patent/WO2018046575A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20190187014A1 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
US11067461B2 (en) | 2021-07-20 |
DE102016216931A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
WO2018046575A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3510372A1 (en) | Assembly and method for on-wing thrust measurement of aircraft engines | |
DE102005058081B4 (en) | Method for the reconstruction of gusts and structural loads in aircraft, in particular commercial aircraft | |
EP3273015B1 (en) | Calibration device for carrying out a disassembly method for gas turbines | |
DE102015008754B4 (en) | Condition monitoring of an actuator in an aircraft | |
DE102013213675A1 (en) | Wind tunnel scale and system with wing model and wind tunnel scale | |
DE10065314A1 (en) | Method for condition monitoring of wind turbine rotor blades in which sound and vibration sensors are used to generate signals that can be compared with an existing database of signals so that rapid damage assessment can be made | |
WO2009153033A2 (en) | Aircraft conduit monitoring system and method | |
DE4240600C1 (en) | Structural defect detection system for aircraft - uses modal analysis via detected oscillation of aircraft structure and comparison with aircraft model | |
CN107766612B (en) | Method for measuring wing load in connecting wing structure form | |
Ganguli et al. | Simulation of helicopter rotor-system structural damage, blade mistracking, friction, and freeplay | |
DE102011116975B3 (en) | Method for determining shear force of engine mounted in vehicle e.g. aircraft, involves determining shear force of engine as effective force component in the predetermined thrust direction of vehicle | |
CN112478197A (en) | Dynamic measurement method for clearance of airplane control surface | |
DE102020105403A1 (en) | Method for determining the degree of contamination of a filter element | |
Dilger et al. | Eurofighter a safe life aircraft in the age of damage tolerance | |
Perry et al. | Plans and status of wind-tunnel testing employing an aeroservoelastic semispan model | |
Mironov et al. | The demonstrator of helicopter Structural Health Monitoring technique | |
Schulz et al. | Estimation of global structural aircraft loads due to atmospheric disturbances for structural fatigue estimation | |
Miller et al. | X-57 Wing Structural Load Testing | |
Bauer et al. | Measurement quality assessment of an on-wing engine thrust measurement system | |
Lokos et al. | Wing torsional stiffness tests of the active aeroelastic wing F/A-18 airplane | |
Jiménez et al. | Development of a prototype test system for certification of curved fuselage panels | |
Leski et al. | Full scale fatigue test of the Su-22 aircraft–Assumptions, process and preliminary conclusions | |
Vaccaro et al. | Ground structural coupling testing and model updating in the aeroservoelastic qualification of a combat aircraft | |
Gerkens et al. | The iron bird for the Fairchild-Dornier 728 | |
Davis | Improved Strain Gage Instrumentation Strategies for Rotorcraft Blade Measurements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20190213 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BLUME-WERRY, MALTE Inventor name: FRIEDRICHS, JENS Inventor name: WULFF, DETLEV Inventor name: WERNER-SPATZ, CHRISTIAN Inventor name: BAUER, MARC |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20201104 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R003 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20230416 |