EP3507164A1

EP3507164A1 - Method and device for optimising wear in rail vehicles

Info

Publication number: EP3507164A1
Application number: EP17754132.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marco Nock
Original assignee: Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Current assignee: Knorr Bremse Systeme fuer Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH
Priority date: 2016-09-02
Filing date: 2017-08-09
Publication date: 2019-07-10
Also published as: WO2018041570A1; DE102016116414A1

Abstract

A method for optimising wear in rail vehicles (10) is described, in which states of wear (16) of at least one component of a rail vehicle (10) are determined, and an optimum driving style (22) for the rail vehicle (10) is determined taking into account the wear (16), punctuality and energy consumption, and the speed, accelerations and decelerations of the rail vehicle (10) are controlled in such a way that the optimum driving style (22) is achieved in a driving mode of the rail vehicle (10). In addition, a device for optimising wear in rail vehicles (10) and a driver assistance system (18) for a rail vehicle (10) are described.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Method and device for wear optimization of

rail vehicles

The invention relates to a method and a device for wear optimization of rail vehicles. The invention further relates to a driver assistance system for a rail vehicle. Rail vehicles often have driver assistance systems to the

To support train drivers. Today's driver assistance systems for

Rail vehicles thereby optimize trips in terms of energy efficiency and / or punctuality, i. the consideration or adherence to timetables of the

Rail vehicle. The state of wear of the vehicles or their components is not taken into account. A comprehensively optimizing driver assistance system should therefore take account not only of punctuality and energy efficiency but also the wear of the vehicle or its components. The while driving

Rail vehicles occurring wear is to be optimized. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an improved

Driver assistance system for rail vehicles provide.

This object is achieved by a method for wear optimization of

Rail vehicles with the method steps of claim 1, a device for optimizing the wear of rail vehicles with the features of claim 1 1 and a driver assistance system for a rail vehicle with the features of claim 12 solved. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. In a method according to the invention for wear optimization of

Rail vehicles, at least one state of wear of at least one component of a rail vehicle is initially determined. It can, however, too

Wear conditions of several components are determined simultaneously. In the next Step is then determined an optimal driving for the rail vehicle taking into account the at least one determined state of wear of at least one component, taking into account predetermined timetables and taking into account the energy consumption during driving. The speed, acceleration and deceleration of the rail vehicle are controlled in such a way that optimum driving is achieved in a driving operation of the rail vehicle.

Based on the determined state of wear of one or more components of a rail vehicle is thus determined in addition to the consideration of punctuality and energy consumption, an optimal driving for the rail vehicle, taking into account the determined wear. Thus, in contrast to conventional methods not only punctuality and energy consumption, but also the condition of the individual components can be considered. The recommended driving style can increase the service life of components and prevent or reduce wear-related failures during operation.

In the method according to the invention, an optimal ride in the optimization space wear, punctuality and energy consumption is thus determined depending on the operating concept. The speed, acceleration and deceleration of the

Rail vehicle are controlled so that the determined optimal driving is achieved while driving. The amount of accelerations and decelerations as well as speeds as well as the time course of these quantities can thus also be influenced with consideration of wear aspects. In this case, direct control of, for example, the drive and brakes can be carried out on the basis of the determined optimum driving profile, or recommendations can be issued to a driver via a driver assistance system, so that the driver drives a driving profile that is advantageous even under wear aspects.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of at least one component of the drive train of a rail vehicle is determined and an optimum driving style is a driving style reduced acceleration and / or reduced maximum speed determined. If there is wear on a component of the powertrain, for example at

Electric motors, internal combustion engines or transmissions, so it is advantageous to

To reduce drive power in order to protect the component and to extend its service life or to prevent failures. For this it is advantageous, as optimal driving a driving style with reduced acceleration and / or reduced

Specify maximum speed to reduce the drive power can. By specifying a reduced acceleration curve as the driving recommendation, the drive peak power can be reduced. By reducing the maximum speed, the drive endurance can be reduced. A reduction of the maximum

Acceleration or the maximum speed may result in avoiding the failure of a motor or gearbox during operation or prolonging the life of the component. If the train has multiple engines and the wear only on individual

Engines can be given when determining an optimal driving style, the acceleration or holding the speed only with the not

to realize worn drive. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the energy consumption of components of the rail vehicle at

Acceleration processes of the rail vehicle reduced. For example, ancillaries such as air conditioning and compressors of the brake can be throttled to reduce additional energy needs. This energy then stands for the

Acceleration of the rail vehicle available, or it can be the load of components of the powertrain can be reduced. When driving downhill, for example, the energy consumption of the ancillaries can be increased again.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of at least one wheel of the rail vehicle is determined, and as optimum driving a driving style with reduced acceleration and / or reduced deceleration and / or reduced maximum speed is determined. In this embodiment of the method thus the wheels are monitored, and it is the current state of wear of a wheel determined. This state of wear is taken into account when determining an optimal driving style. If a wheel has wear, it is advantageous to reduce the acceleration and / or the deceleration or to lower the maximum speed in order to prevent failures of the wheel or to increase the service life of the wheel.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of a wheel, taking into account the introduced in the wheel acceleration and braking energy and the acceleration and

Brake temperatures are determined. The wear of a wheel depends in particular on the energy introduced during acceleration and braking in the wheel. Due to the acceleration and braking energies wear of the wheel on the one hand by abrasion and on the other hand by the resulting during acceleration and during braking temperatures due to the introduced into the wheel heat energy. From a wear model of the wheels can thus be concluded on the basis of the introduced acceleration and braking energy and the temperatures on the wear of the wheels. If wear is detected, can

Traction and braking curves are reduced. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of at least one bogie of the rail vehicle is determined and as optimal driving a driving style with reduced acceleration and / or reduced deceleration and / or reduced maximum speed is determined. The condition of wear of a bogie is monitored. This can be done by mounted on the bogie arranged sensors, for example by

Acceleration sensors, done. About the bogie diagnostics can

Wear conditions are detected on the bogie, such as rolling in a defective rolling damper, flat or bearing damage. If wear of a bogie is detected, so to save the bogie, a

Driving mode are given, in which an acceleration and / or a

Delay be reduced. Also, the maximum speed of the vehicle can be reduced to prevent failures of the bogie during operation and / or to increase the life of the bogie. In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of at least one brake of the rail vehicle is determined, and as optimum driving a driving style with reduced deceleration and / or reduced maximum speed is determined. The wear condition of a brake is determined by the sensor system of the brake system. For example, thicknesses of brake discs or brake linings can be determined. It can also elevated temperatures of the brake, faulty brake pressures, etc. are detected. Depending on the state of wear, the driving style can then be adjusted so that the deceleration of the rail vehicle is reduced in order to protect the brakes, or the maximum speed is reduced in order to maintain a predetermined braking distance can.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of at least one brake of the rail vehicle is determined, and during deceleration the proportions of the individual braking systems of the vehicle are determined

Rail vehicle applied braking forces on the total braking force applied as a function of the state of wear. If a rail vehicle has several brake systems, for example one

Friction brake, a rail brake and / or an electrodynamic brake, the braking forces are applied jointly by the individual brake systems or a part of these brake systems during braking when all or part of said brake systems are active during the braking process. If one or more of these brake systems has wear, it is possible to apply the braking forces more intensively through the other brake systems. This can do that

worn brake system can be spared or failure prevented, and it is possible to maintain the required braking performance by wearing the other braking systems a higher proportion of the braking power. Thus, blending, i. the composition of the individual brake types, for example, from friction brake, rail brake and electrodynamic brake influenced.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the state of wear of at least one brake of the rail vehicle is determined and during deceleration, the distribution of the braking forces over the length of a several rail vehicles existing train association depending on

Wear state specified. If a train has several rail vehicles and wear is detected on one or more brakes, then the

The braking performance of the worn brake systems can be reduced, and the reduced braking performance of the worn brake systems can be compensated by an increased braking performance of the intact braking systems of the train.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is determined whether the rail vehicle arrives punctually at the destination in the driving mode determined by optimization taking into account the criteria of wear, punctuality and energy consumption. In the event that the rail vehicle with the determined driving style does not arrive punctually at the destination, a driver and / or a dispatcher are asked to make a decision on the driving style. This makes it possible for a dispatcher or a driver to make a decision as to whether to wear optimal wear, or whether, at the expense of increased wear of components, primarily punctuality of the rail vehicle should be achieved. This makes it possible for a driver or a dispatcher to make in the rail vehicle independent of the determined optimal driving style specification for driving to be able to take into account further boundary conditions of driving, for example, a fixed time of arrival to ports.

An inventive device for wear optimization of

Rail vehicles is designed so that they can perform a method according to the invention with the method steps described above. The device accordingly has a device for determining at least one

Wear state of at least one component of a rail vehicle, a device for determining an optimal driving style for the rail vehicle, taking into account the at least one determined state of wear under

Consideration of timetables of the rail vehicle and taking into account the energy consumption during driving, and a device for specifying

Speed, acceleration and deceleration of the rail vehicle in this way, that in a ferry operation of the rail vehicle, the optimal driving style is achieved on.

An inventive driver assistance system for a rail vehicle is designed so that there is an optimal driving style for a rail vehicle

Consideration of wear, punctuality as compliance or consideration of timetables, and can determine energy consumption. The driver assistance system is further designed such that it can specify speeds, accelerations and decelerations of the rail vehicle such that in a driving operation of the vehicle

Railway vehicle, the optimum driving style is achieved. The driver assistance system according to the invention thus receives, for example, diagnostic systems

Information about the wear of individual components. For example, from timetables it receives information about the required time of arrival. Under

Consideration of wear, adherence to schedules as well as of the

Energy consumption during driving determines the driver assistance system thus an optimal driving style for a rail vehicle. The determined optimum driving style is then to be implemented while driving the rail vehicle. On the one hand, this can be done by specifications to a driver who meets the specifications of the

Driver assistance system is followed in order to achieve the optimum driving style, or by direct control of, for example, the drive and the brakes of the

Rail vehicle, whereby the driver assistance system controls the vehicle so that the optimal driving style is achieved.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the driver assistance system is designed so that it can determine an optimal driving style of the rail vehicle, as achieved by the method described above.

Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

1 shows the sequence of the method according to the invention for wear optimization of rail vehicles, 2 shows an inventive driver assistance system.

Fig. 1 shows the sequence of a method according to the invention for wear optimization of rail vehicles. In the first step S10, the wear of one or more components of the rail vehicle is determined. This can be done by diagnostic systems or CBM systems (Condition Based Monitoring). In the

Wear detection can be, for example, the wear of components of the

Powertrain, of wheels, brakes, bogies, doors, etc. are determined. In this example, components can be monitored by sensors, for example, to detect the thickness of brake pads or brake discs,

To measure accelerations that indicate damage to wheels or bogies, or to monitor doors for wear and defects, for example. The monitoring can also be done indirectly. For example, the

Wear state of a wheel can also be determined by a wear model taking into account introduced into the wheel acceleration and braking energy and the resulting acceleration and braking temperatures.

Taking into account the wear determined in step S10, an optimum driving style is determined in step S12. Here, an optimization of the driving style in addition to the consideration of the wear of components further below

Consideration of punctuality as compliance or consideration of

Timetables and taking into account the energy consumption during driving. In the optimization, a weighting of the factors mentioned can be made. If, for example, a punctual arrival is absolutely necessary, the punctuality can be weighted higher, so that the recommended driving under

Acceptance of higher wear and higher energy consumption is determined. If, on the other hand, it is intended to drive wear-resistant in order to increase the service life of components or to prevent failures, then it can

considering higher wear, so that, for example, a deteriorated punctuality is accepted. The determination of the optimal driving style taking into account the three criteria mentioned can be achieved by known optimization methods, for example by the

Use of artificial neural networks, to be performed. As a result of the determination of the optimum driving mode in step S12, a driving profile with predetermined speed profiles and corresponding accelerations and decelerations is obtained, which is to be based on the control of the rail vehicle, the required optimization of wear, punctuality as compliance or consideration of timetables and energy consumption to be able to reach while driving. In step S14, the speed, acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle are controlled by interventions in the drive and brake due to the determined in step S12 optimum driving style to implement the determined optimum driving style while driving. On the one hand, this can be done on the basis of specifications for a driver by, for example, setting a speed profile which the driver drives with the speed controller, or else there is a direct influence on the drive and braking systems of the vehicle, so that without the interposition of the driver directly the optimum

Driving style is achieved in the rail vehicle. FIG. 2 shows the systems of a rail vehicle 10 having a driver assistance system 18 according to the invention. The rail vehicle 10 has various systems 12, which may be, for example, drive systems, brake systems, door systems, etc. The wear of these systems 12 of the

Rail vehicle 10 is determined. This can be done by self-diagnosis in the individual systems, a condition-based monitoring system 14 or even, for example, the wheels on the basis of the stresses caused by acceleration and deceleration during driving and the resulting temperatures in the wheels.

The wear information 16 determined in this way is sent to the

Driver assistance system 18 transmitted. The driver assistance system 18, taking into account optimization criteria 20, determines an optimal driving recommendation 22. In the optimization, punctuality, energy consumption and the criteria are used as criteria

Wear information 16 taken into account. These criteria may be required be weighted so that with the issued driving recommendation 22 either priority punctuality, energy consumption or wear optimization can be achieved. In the wear determination 14, for example, the wear of components of the drive train, wheels, bogies, brakes or doors can be determined. These wear conditions 16 can in

Driver assistance system 18 are taken into account in determining the optimal driving recommendation 22.

With recognized wear of drivetrain components, driving with reduced acceleration and / or reduced maximum speed may be recommended, for example, as the optimal driving style to avoid the worn ones

Spare components.

Likewise, when wear of wheels of the rail vehicle is detected, a driving style may be recommended in which accelerations, decelerations and / or maximum speeds are reduced. Such driving may also be recommended if bogie wear is detected.

If wear on brakes is detected, then the optimal driving recommendation 22 recommends a driving style in which the deceleration is reduced, so that the braking forces to be applied are reduced, and in which also the

Maximum speed is reduced so that it can always be stopped within the specified braking distances despite the wear of individual brake components.

Even with established wear of doors, it may be necessary from the

Normal behavior deviating driving recommendations 22 output. in the

Meeting traffic of high-speed trains creates a high pressure on the vehicle doors. If a higher level of wear has already occurred on a door, it makes sense to use the driver assistance system for reasons of wear optimization Train encounter at reduced speed recommended to delay or prevent door failure.

In addition to the above components, the wear of any other components that affect the handling of the rail vehicle 10 and whose wear is influenced by the driving profile of the rail vehicle 10, monitored, and due to the observed wear optimal

Driving recommendation 22 can be specified. The optimal driving recommendation 22 can on the one hand directly to the drive and

Brake control systems of the vehicle 10 are passed, or it can

For example, by visualization recommendations for the driver are issued, which this can follow when driving the rail vehicle 10.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

S10 wear detection

S12 Determination of the optimal driving style

S14 Control of speed, acceleration and deceleration of the

vehicle

10 rail vehicle

12 rail vehicle systems

14 Wear detection

16 wear information

18 driver assistance system

20 optimization criteria

22 optimal driving recommendation

Claims

1 . Method for wear optimization of rail vehicles (10),

characterized by the following steps:

Determining (S10) at least one state of wear (16) of at least one component (12) of a rail vehicle (10),

Determining (S12) an optimum driving style (22) for the rail vehicle (10) taking into account the at least one determined state of wear (16), taking into account timetables of the rail vehicle and taking into account the energy consumption during driving,

Controlling (S12) speed, acceleration and deceleration of the

Rail vehicle (10) such that in a driving operation of the rail vehicle (10), the optimal driving style (22) is achieved.

2. The method according to claim 1,

wherein the state of wear (16) of at least one component (12) of the

Powertrain of the rail vehicle (10) is determined and as an optimal driving (22) a driving style with reduced acceleration and / or reduced

Maximum speed is determined.

3. The method according to claim 2,

wherein the energy consumption of components of the rail vehicle (10) during acceleration operations of the rail vehicle (10) is reduced.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the state of wear (16) of at least one wheel of the rail vehicle (10) is determined and, as the optimum driving mode (22), a driving mode with reduced acceleration and / or reduced deceleration and / or reduced speed

Maximum speed is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4,

wherein the state of wear (16) of the at least one wheel below

Considering the introduced into the wheel acceleration and braking energy and the acceleration and braking temperatures is determined.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the state of wear (16) of at least one bogie of the

Rail vehicle (10) is determined and as the optimal driving (22) a driving with reduced acceleration and / or reduced deceleration and / or reduced maximum speed is determined.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the state of wear (16) of at least one brake of the rail vehicle (10) is determined and an optimum driving style (22) is determined with a reduced deceleration and / or reduced maximum speed.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the state of wear (16) of at least one brake of the rail vehicle is determined and when decelerating the proportions of the braking forces applied by the individual braking systems of the rail vehicle to a total braking force depending on the state of wear (16) are predetermined.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the state of wear (16) of at least one brake of the rail vehicle is determined and the deceleration of the distribution of braking forces over the length of a train of several rail vehicles (10) existing train association in dependence on the state of wear (16) is predetermined.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein it is determined whether the rail vehicle (10) in the determined driving style (22) adhering to schedules of the rail vehicle (10) arrives at the destination and in the event that the rail vehicle (10) with the determined driving style (22) not in compliance timetable of the rail vehicle (10) arrives at the destination, a driver and / or a dispatcher are requested to

Deciding on the driving style.

1 1. Device for the wear optimization of rail vehicles (10), in particular for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising means (14) for determining at least one wear state (16) of at least one component (12) of a rail vehicle (10),

a device for determining an optimal driving style (22) for the

Rail vehicle (10) taking into account the at least one determined state of wear (16), taking into account schedules of

Rail vehicle and taking into account the energy consumption in driving, and

a device for specifying speed, acceleration and

Delay of the rail vehicle (10) such that in a driving operation of the rail vehicle (10) the optimal driving style (22) is achieved.

12. driver assistance system (18) for a rail vehicle (10),

wherein the driver assistance system (18) is designed such that it can determine an optimal driving style (22) for a rail vehicle (10) taking into account wear (16), consideration of railroad timetables and energy consumption,

and wherein the driver assistance system (18) is configured to

Speeds, accelerations and decelerations of the rail vehicle (10) can specify such that in a driving operation of the rail vehicle (10) the optimal driving style (22) is achieved.

13. driver assistance system (18) according to claim 12,

wherein the driver assistance system (18) is designed such that it can determine an optimal driving style (22) of the rail vehicle (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10.