EP3507016B1 - Méthode pour commander une centrifuge à vis convoyeuse - Google Patents

Méthode pour commander une centrifuge à vis convoyeuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3507016B1
EP3507016B1 EP17728875.0A EP17728875A EP3507016B1 EP 3507016 B1 EP3507016 B1 EP 3507016B1 EP 17728875 A EP17728875 A EP 17728875A EP 3507016 B1 EP3507016 B1 EP 3507016B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
drum
motor
transmission input
input shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17728875.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3507016A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Overberg
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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GEA Mechanical Equipment GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL17728875T priority Critical patent/PL3507016T3/pl
Publication of EP3507016A1 publication Critical patent/EP3507016A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges
    • B04B7/02—Casings; Lids
    • B04B7/06—Safety devices ; Regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
    • B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
    • B04B1/2016—Driving control or mechanisms; Arrangement of transmission gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B13/00—Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B13/00—Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
    • B04B13/003—Rotor identification systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/10—Control of the drive; Speed regulating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring a screw centrifuge.
  • the screw centrifuge to be monitored can be designed, for example, as a solid-bowl screw centrifuge or as a sieve-bowl screw centrifuge.
  • the EP 0 798 046 A1 discloses a centrifuge drive with two motors - a primary motor and a control motor - and a three-stage gear. A torque is either introduced into the gearbox on three shafts or tapped from it.
  • the DE 10 2006 028 804 A1 discloses a screw centrifuge with a centrifuge drive with two motors - a primary motor and a control motor - and a three-stage gear. Torques can be introduced into the first gear stage and the second gear stage or can be tapped from these two gear stages on a total of at least four shafts, with the first and second gear stages also being particularly preferably drivable (and generally also driven) on at least three shafts ), the first motor feeding torque into the housing and torque on two shafts into the first gear stage.
  • the differential speed between the drum and the screw is set by the mechanics of the machine or the control of a control motor.
  • an effect occurs under mostly indefinite operating conditions, which is called the "stick-slip effect”.
  • This stick-slip effect between the drum and the screw is combined with strong torque surges (sometimes even changing torque directions), which stress the drive train and may. can even lead to damage and plant downtime if they are not noticed in time.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method for monitoring a screw centrifuge with which the onset of a stick-slip effect can be determined at an early stage.
  • step b) for example, the measurements of the current angular velocity of a last period, for example the last 10 seconds, are averaged and the mean value is continuously updated in this respect. It also shows the current angular velocity determined and then changes in this value compared to the mean are recorded. Dynamic changes are, in particular, periodic changes.
  • a reference time for one revolution is preferably determined in the no-load state and deviations from this are converted into corresponding angles in the subsequent measurements.
  • the elastic element of the variant of claim 2 is preferably an elastic coupling.
  • the elastic element can also be formed by a drive belt if a belt drive is provided between the output shaft and the transmission input shaft for the secondary motor.
  • a torque-dependent twist angle of the clutch (or the belt drive) between the secondary motor and the transmission input shaft on both sides of the elastic element is preferably measured in high-resolution over time, and harmonic changes in this angle are detected. Because this measurement (s) enables the stick-slip effect to be recognized particularly early. In the case of a belt drive, a translation may be included in the determination accordingly.
  • the pulse generators on the two shafts have a fixed angular relationship, for example with a phase offset, i.e. are arranged with a corresponding angular offset, preferably with a phase offset between 0 ° and 360 °, and if the pulse generators are designed in such a way that one pulse or two or more pulses from the pulse generator are sensed for each rotation of the output shaft. In the latter case in particular, a measurement result that can be evaluated particularly well can be achieved.
  • the output signals of the proximity sensors are preferably read or recorded by the control device, which forms a measuring system with a suitable software measurement program, with a high pulse rate or pulse frequency, the pulse rate being greater, preferably several times greater than the rotational frequency of the transmission input shaft. So it is useful if the duty cycle for a screw speed between 1000 / min and 10000 / min is between 2.5 kHz and 250 kHz. The stiffer the elastic element, in particular the elastic coupling, is, the higher the measurement of the angle of rotation should be respectively. A correspondingly high sampling rate of the sensors is required for this. Natural frequencies can theoretically interfere with the measurement process.
  • Fig. 1a shows a section of a solid bowl screw centrifuge - hereinafter called screw centrifuge for short - with a rotatable drum 1 with an axis of rotation D, which is a horizontal axis of rotation D.
  • a likewise rotatable screw 2 is arranged in the drum 1.
  • the drum is arranged between a drum bearing on the drive side and a drum bearing facing away from the drive, of which only the drum bearing 3 on the drive side is shown here.
  • the screw centrifuge has a centrifuge drive 4 for rotating drum 1 and screw 2.
  • the centrifuge drive 4 has a primary motor 5 and a secondary motor 6 - also called a regulating motor - and a gear 7 arranged between the motors 5, 6 and the drum 1 and the screw 2, into which both motors 5, 6 are in operation apply a torque. If there is no secondary motor 6, then the motor is called the main motor and not the primary motor.
  • the main or primary motor 5 is coupled, for example, via a belt drive 8 to a first input shaft 9 of the transmission 7 and the control motor 6 via an output shaft 10 and an elastic coupling 12 to a preferably second transmission input shaft 11 of the transmission 7.
  • a control device 13 serves to control the motors 5, 6, to which it is connected wirelessly or via lines 14, 15.
  • the design of the transmission 7 and the control device 13 is preferably such that a differential speed can be set between the speed of the drum 1 and the speed of the screw 2 during operation.
  • the screw centrifuge is provided with a monitoring device or a measuring system.
  • This monitoring device makes it possible to measure a - torque-dependent - twist angle of an elastic element - here the coupling 12 - between the output shaft 10 of the secondary motor 6 and the transmission input shaft 11 and to detect (in particular harmonic) changes in this angle.
  • the monitoring device has two or more proximity sensors 18, 19 connected to the control device 13 and pulse generators 16, 17 respectively assigned to them.
  • the pulse generator 16 is arranged on the output shaft 10 of the secondary motor 6 and is designed such that one signal or two or more signals can be sensed per revolution.
  • pins are arranged or formed on the shaft 10 in two positions of the shaft which are offset by 180 ° to one another.
  • the proximity sensor 18 is assigned to the pulse generator 16, which is arranged in such a way and which is designed such that it senses one pulse of the pulse generator 16 per revolution when the output shaft 10 rotates, or two or more pulses of the pulse generators 16, 16 'per revolution.
  • the pulse generator 17, is arranged on the transmission input shaft 11 and in turn (like the pulse generator 16) is designed such that one signal or two or more signals can be sensed per revolution.
  • the pulse generator 17 is assigned the proximity sensor 19, which is arranged in such a way and which is designed such that when the transmission input shaft 11 rotates, it receives one pulse from the pulse generator 17 per revolution or two or more pulses from the pulse generators 17, 17 'per revolution. senses.
  • the pulse generators 17, 16 are arranged on the two shafts 10 and 11 in a fixed angular relationship, for example with a phase offset, ie with a corresponding angular offset.
  • This angular offset is an example (see also the 1a to 1c ) 90 °.
  • the proximity sensors 18, 19 (which are designed, for example, as inductive proximity sensors, Hall sensors or reed contact sensors) are monitored by the control device 13, which forms a measuring system with a suitable software measurement program, with a sufficiently high pulse rate or pulse frequency. This pulse rate is 100 kHz, for example.
  • the current angular offset between the pulse generators 16, 17 during operation is determined during the rotation of the drum 1 and the screw 2. Without torque loading, the measured angular misalignment coincides with that of a reference measurement, which was taken, for example, when the machine was first installed (e.g. 90 ° in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ).
  • a torque that is constant over time leads to a static deflection of the clutch 12 and thus to a different phase or angular offset.
  • This static angular offset is not important for the onset of the stick-slip effect.
  • the angular offset between the pulse generators 16, 17 can even be determined several times per revolution of the shafts 10, 11.
  • angular offsets are determined with the aid of the proximity sensors 18, 19 and the control device 13 and recorded over a period of time and then an or the amplitude spectrum of the sequence is determined via a transformation, for example an FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation).
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a measurement that results without load and without stick-slip effect. There is no twisting of the clutch 12 and the signals from the proximity sensors 18, 19, which occur twice per revolution, are received exactly with a phase shift of 90 °.
  • the flexible coupling 12 twists under load, so that the relative angular position of the shafts 10 and 11 changes with respect to one another. This change can be analyzed.
  • the 3 to 4 illustrate the method according to the invention using example measurements.
  • the Fig. 3 shows in the upper area angular offsets which were determined in ten seconds on the basis of measurement signals from the proximity sensors 18, 19.
  • the two pulse generators 16, 17 are here offset by approximately 60 ° to one another and deliver two pulses per revolution. In the example, only two of the four possible angular misalignments are evaluated per revolution, resulting in 242 measured angular misalignments in ten seconds (upper third of the Fig. 3 ).
  • the angular offset is alternately above and below 60 °. This is due to the fact that in one of the pulse generators 16, 17 the two edges are not 180 ° opposite one another, but this is not important for the evaluation, since this frequency is no longer detectable.
  • the Figure 4 shows the same signals and evaluations for a state with an artificially generated vibration of a frequency of 0.5 Hz. This is reflected in the Spectra quite clearly low. From the clear amplitude fluctuations of the transformation over time, it can be concluded that the adhesive slip effect changes over time between drum 1 and screw 2, which can be understood as an indicator of the stick-slip effect.
  • the method described can in principle be used for a wide variety of decanters with a driven or braked transmission input shaft 11.
  • a dynamic angular deviation of the two pulleys from the normal transmission ratio and to determine the stick-slip effect which is starting by means of a corresponding evaluation.
  • Fig. 5 shows a structure for realizing another variant to prevent the stick-slip effect.
  • the main motor 5 is then designed to drive the drum 1 and the screw 2. Therefore, two belt drives 8a, 8b are provided, which couple the main motor 5 once to the first input shaft 9 of the transmission 7 and once directly to a second transmission input shaft 11 of the transmission 7.
  • the control device 13 serves to control the motor 5.
  • the design of the transmission 7 and the control device 13 is preferably such that a differential speed can be set between the speed of the drum 1 and the speed of the screw 2 during operation.
  • the screw centrifuge is provided with a variant of the monitoring device or a measuring system.
  • This monitoring device enables torque-dependent fluctuations in the rotations of the transmission input shaft 11 in high resolution over time to measure and (especially harmonic) changes in this angle to be detected.
  • the monitoring device has one or more proximity sensors 18 connected to the control device 13 and pulse generators 16 respectively assigned to them.
  • the pulse generator 16 is arranged on the transmission input shaft 11 and configured in such a way that one signal or two or more signals can be sensed per revolution.
  • the gear input shaft 11 for the worm 2 could alternatively be driven by a secondary motor (with or without elastic element 12) instead of a belt drive 8b.
  • a secondary motor with or without elastic element 12

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour la surveillance d'une centrifugeuse à vis, en particulier d'une centrifugeuse à vis à bol plein ou à bol perforé, comprenant : un tambour rotatif (1), une vis sans fin rotative (2) disposée dans le tambour (1), un moteur principal ou primaire (5) pour entraîner au moins le tambour (1), un moteur d'entraînement pour entraîner la vis sans fin (2), qui peut être le moteur principal ou primaire ou un moteur secondaire (6), ainsi qu'un engrenage (7) disposé entre le moteur (5) ou les moteurs (5, 6) et le tambour (1) ainsi que la vis sans fin (2), des arbres d'entrée d'engrenage (9, 11) pour le moteur principal et le moteur d'entraînement de la vis sans fin (2), dans lequel sont disposés au moins sur l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) pour la vis sans fin (2) un ou plusieurs générateurs d'impulsions (16, 17) associés chacun à un capteur de proximité (18), comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) préparation de la centrifugeuse à vis et traitement d'un produit avec la centrifugeuse à vis, au cours duquel le produit est épuré de matières solides qui sont acheminées par la vis sans fin (2) hors du tambour (1),
    b) détermination d'une vitesse angulaire actuelle et détermination d'une vitesse angulaire moyenne dans le temps de l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) pour la vis sans fin (2),
    c) analyse des mesures de l'étape b) et
    d) émission d'un signal d'avertissement et/ou modification d'un ou plusieurs paramètres de fonctionnement de la centrifugeuse à vis si des changements dynamiques de la vitesse angulaire sont déterminés lors de l'analyse dans l'étape c).
  2. Procédé pour la surveillance d'une centrifugeuse à vis, en particulier d'une centrifugeuse à vis à bol plein ou à bol perforé, comprenant : un tambour rotatif (1), une vis sans fin rotative (2) disposée dans le tambour (1), un moteur primaire (5) pour entraîner le tambour et un moteur secondaire (6) pour entraîner la vis sans fin (2), ainsi qu'un engrenage (7) disposé entre les moteurs (5, 6) et le tambour (1) ainsi que la vis sans fin (2), des arbres d'entrée d'engrenage (9, 11) pour le moteur primaire (5) et le moteur secondaire (6), un élément élastique entre un arbre de sortie (10) du moteur secondaire (6) et l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) pour le moteur secondaire (6), dans lequel sont disposés de part et d'autre de l'élément élastique sur l'arbre de sortie (10) du moteur secondaire (6) et l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) des générateurs d'impulsions (16, 17) à chacun desquels des capteurs de proximité (18, 19) sont associés, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) préparation de la centrifugeuse à vis et traitement d'un produit avec la centrifugeuse à vis, au cours duquel le produit est épuré de matières solides qui sont acheminées par la vis sans fin (2) hors du tambour (1),
    b) mesure d'un décalage angulaire relatif dans le temps entre l'arbre de sortie (10) et l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) de part et d'autre de l'élément élastique qui les relie,
    c) analyse des mesures de l'étape b) et
    d) émission d'un signal d'avertissement et/ou modification d'un ou plusieurs paramètres de fonctionnement de la centrifugeuse à vis si des changements dynamiques du décalage angulaire sont déterminés lors de l'analyse dans l'étape c).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un angle de torsion (dépendant du couple) de l'élément élastique entre l'arbre de sortie (10) du moteur secondaire (6) et l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) est mesuré de part et d'autre de l'élément élastique avec une résolution élevée dans le temps et en ce que les changements de cet angle dans le temps sont déterminés.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément élastique est un accouplement (12).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément élastique est une courroie d'entraînement.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les générateurs d'impulsions (17, 16) sont disposés sur les deux arbres (10 et 11) dans une relation angulaire fixe.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les générateurs d'impulsions (17, 16) sont disposés sur les deux arbres (10 et 11) avec un décalage de phase de 0° à 360°.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les générateurs d'impulsions (16, 17) sont conçus de telle sorte que lors de rotations de l'arbre de sortie (10), une impulsion ou deux ou plusieurs impulsions des générateurs d'impulsions (16, 17) soient détectées à chaque tour.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les signaux de sortie des capteurs de proximité (18, 19) sont lus par le dispositif de commande (13), qui forme un système de mesure avec un logiciel de mesure approprié, à un taux ou une fréquence d'acquisition élevée, plus grande, de préférence plusieurs fois plus grande, que la fréquence de rotation de l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le taux d'acquisition pour une vitesse de rotation de la vis sans fin comprise entre 1000 tr./min et 10 000 tr./min est compris entre 2,5 kHz et 250 kHz.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les mesures du décalage angulaire entre l'arbre de sortie (10) et l'arbre d'entrée d'engrenage (11) sont analysées dans l'étape c) à l'aide d'une méthode de transformation mathématique.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la méthode de transformation est une transformation de Fourier, en particulier une transformation de Fourier rapide.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape d), la vitesse de rotation différentielle, la vitesse de rotation du tambour ou le débit d'arrivée du produit est modifié.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que dans l'étape d), la centrifugeuse à vis est arrêtée si une valeur limite est dépassée dans l'étape c).
EP17728875.0A 2016-09-01 2017-06-12 Méthode pour commander une centrifuge à vis convoyeuse Active EP3507016B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17728875T PL3507016T3 (pl) 2016-09-01 2017-06-12 Sposób monitorowania wirówki ślimakowej

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016116391.0A DE102016116391B3 (de) 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Schneckenzentrifuge
PCT/EP2017/064255 WO2018041432A1 (fr) 2016-09-01 2017-06-12 Procédé de surveillance d'une centrifugeuse à vis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3507016A1 EP3507016A1 (fr) 2019-07-10
EP3507016B1 true EP3507016B1 (fr) 2020-04-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17728875.0A Active EP3507016B1 (fr) 2016-09-01 2017-06-12 Méthode pour commander une centrifuge à vis convoyeuse

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10744518B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3507016B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016116391B3 (fr)
DK (1) DK3507016T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3507016T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018041432A1 (fr)

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CN111894816A (zh) * 2020-08-03 2020-11-06 远景能源有限公司 风力发电机组的螺栓监测系统及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016116391B3 (de) * 2016-09-01 2018-02-01 Gea Mechanical Equipment Gmbh Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Schneckenzentrifuge

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DE4333526C2 (de) * 1993-10-01 1997-03-27 Westfalia Separator Ag Antriebseinrichtung für Schneckenzentrifugen
EP0868215B1 (fr) * 1995-12-01 2002-01-30 Baker Hughes Incorporated Procede de commande et de surveillance d'une centrifugeuse a alimentation en continu et appareil correspondant
FR2746675B1 (fr) * 1996-03-29 1998-05-07 Guinard Centrifugation Decanteuse centrifuge a module redex
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DE102006028804A1 (de) 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Westfalia Separator Ag Schneckenzentrifuge mit Antriebsvorrichtung
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JP5442099B2 (ja) * 2012-06-05 2014-03-12 巴工業株式会社 遠心分離装置
GB2513358A (en) 2013-04-24 2014-10-29 Nat Oilwell Varco Lp A centrifuge and a control system therefor
US9283572B2 (en) * 2013-09-09 2016-03-15 Derrick Corporation Centrifuge with automatic sampling and control and method thereof
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CN111894816A (zh) * 2020-08-03 2020-11-06 远景能源有限公司 风力发电机组的螺栓监测系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3507016T3 (pl) 2020-10-19
EP3507016A1 (fr) 2019-07-10
DE102016116391B3 (de) 2018-02-01
WO2018041432A1 (fr) 2018-03-08
DK3507016T3 (da) 2020-07-20
US20190224691A1 (en) 2019-07-25
US10744518B2 (en) 2020-08-18

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