EP3505856A1 - Einzelkammerofen zum hochdruckgasquenchen (hpgq) zur wärmebehandlung von langen werkstücken - Google Patents

Einzelkammerofen zum hochdruckgasquenchen (hpgq) zur wärmebehandlung von langen werkstücken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3505856A1
EP3505856A1 EP17002085.3A EP17002085A EP3505856A1 EP 3505856 A1 EP3505856 A1 EP 3505856A1 EP 17002085 A EP17002085 A EP 17002085A EP 3505856 A1 EP3505856 A1 EP 3505856A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
collectors
chamber
characteristic
height
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17002085.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maciej Korecki
Józef OLEJNIK
Wieslaw Fujak
Bartosz Rybczynski
Marcin ZADWÓRNY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seco/Warwick SA
Original Assignee
Seco/Warwick SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seco/Warwick SA filed Critical Seco/Warwick SA
Priority to EP17002085.3A priority Critical patent/EP3505856A1/de
Publication of EP3505856A1 publication Critical patent/EP3505856A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B2005/062—Cooling elements
    • F27B2005/064—Cooling elements disposed in the furnace, around the chamber, e.g. coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/007—Cooling of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0072—Cooling of charges therein the cooling medium being a gas
    • F27D2009/0075—Cooling of charges therein the cooling medium being a gas in direct contact with the charge

Definitions

  • the present invention is a single-chamber HPGQ vacuum furnace intended for heat treatment of long pieces, and particularly a single-chamber High Pressure Gas Quench (HPGQ) vacuum furnace intended for heat treatment of landing gear struts for passenger and transport aircrafts made of HSLA steel for quenching and tempering.
  • HPGQ High Pressure Gas Quench
  • HPGQ industrial single-chamber vacuum furnaces with inert gas quench systems involving Ar, N 2 or He - referred to as HPGQ in professional literature - where cooling rates sufficient for HSLA steel quenching are achieved at small chamber dimensions and gas pressures of 6-25 bar.
  • the coefficient is equally dependent on the pressure of the cooling gas [p 0.7 ] and on the flow rate of that gas [ w 0.7 ].
  • This defines and distinguishes the capabilities of single-chamber vacuum furnaces with HPGQ technology, where in the case of furnaces with larger heating chambers it is very difficult to install cooling systems that are proportionally larger compared with those used in furnaces with small heating chambers, e.g. 600x600x900 mm.
  • larger furnaces are characterised by significantly lower cooling gas flow rates at the workpiece surface [ ⁇ ] - ca. 1.5-2.5 m/s - which precludes quenching of large-size HSLA steel parts and/or workpieces with larger sections.
  • the essential feature of the single-chamber vacuum furnace design according to the invention consists in the fact that the nozzle system implemented for the purpose of load cooling is divided into two subsystems, the first of which is installed - with blowing nozzle system directed towards the load - on the side walls of the heating chamber, while the second one - built into the insulating wall of the hearth - is executed in the form of collectors placed in a circular arrangement in relation to each workpiece situated vertically on hearth supports, where each collector has a row of blowing nozzles arranged at the height of the workpiece and directed at an angle between 75° and 105°, preferably 90°, towards the workpiece surface.
  • the gas blow nozzles situated in the collectors are placed at 150 - 300 mm from the surface of the workpieces, while the flow rate of supplied cooling gas from the nozzles is forced at 35 - 45 m/s.
  • each collector is made up - along its height - of segments connected by flanges, enabling the installation of collectors up to 3200 mm high, which can consist of segments with nozzles aligned lengthwise along the height, and with a possibility of incorporating a segment with transverse nozzle rows for cooling the crossbars of [T] workpieces.
  • the gas flow collectors have a fixed part built-up to the height of the supporting tray, where a sliding thermal block of a hatch with a pneumatic drive is installed in the passage through the hearth insulation.
  • the nozzle system - arranged lengthwise and along the height of the side walls of the heating chamber - is advantageously divided into 3-4 zones along the height, where each zone has an independent pneumatic closing/opening drive for the nozzle passages situated in this zone.
  • zone control is executed with reversible opening of the zone nozzles on both sides, in order to facilitate gas outflow from the load area to the outlet hatches.
  • the collectors - advantageously made of CFC - ensure thermal stability and low weight, also facilitating installation to the fixed part in the hearth.
  • the segmental division along the length provides possibilities of adjusting the length of the collector to the length of the workpieces to be processed. It is also advantageous to build CFC collectors with square or rectangular sections for easy installation of cooling gas nozzles on the walls with such sections. Additionally, it is possible to manufacture these collectors from thin-walled heat-resistant steel pipes or solid graphite with a circular collector section.
  • the furnace has a vacuum-pressure housing 1 , in which a rectangular heating chamber is installed 2 .
  • the front wall and the bottom wall of the heating chamber are installed on the furnace hearth 3 , which is fitted with a trolley 4.1 , 4.2 enabling hearth movement outside of the furnace for the purpose of loading and unloading.
  • the furnace hearth trolley is equipped with a vacuum-pressure door 5 , which slides together with the hearth after unlocking the quick-opening closure of the vacuum-pressure housing 6 .
  • a front and rear cooling gas recirculation blowers 8 and 9 are placed with outlet hatches 10 and 11 - installed in the route supplying cooling gas from the heating chamber - intended for such gas flow from the heating chamber containing the load, as well as appropriately sized heat exchangers 12 and 13 that enable load and heating chamber cooling from austenitisation temperature to less than 200/300°C in under 9.5 minutes.
  • All internal walls of the heating chamber, including the hearth, feature installed heating element system 14 are divided into relevant control zones.
  • the nozzles of the load cooling system arranged on the side walls of the heating chamber 16 are closed with a block system 17 .
  • Nozzle blocks are connected into zones with one pneumatic drive 18 for each zone.
  • Each wall with the nozzles arranged on it is divided into three to four zones, at the height of the heating chamber.
  • hatches 23 are installed around the axis of the position of, for example, three details 21 , along with vertically positioned cooling gas flow collectors 24 four around each workpiece, whereas central hatches 23 and collectors arranged along the length of the heating chamber 2 serve two workpieces 21 each.
  • Each collector 24 with a hatch in the hearth insulation is extended in a segmental manner to the height of workpiece 21 , which makes it possible each time to adjust the height of the collector to the dimension of the workpiece.
  • each collector made of CFC has a rectangular or square shape in cross-section for the purpose of easy construction of this collector tunnel and mounting flanges, using cheaper, commercially accessible profiles and CFC panels.
  • nozzles 30 are installed along the height for cooling gas inflow onto the workpiece 21 .
  • Nozzle spacing is comparable to that of the HPGQ vacuum furnaces sized 600x600x900 mm or 900x800x1200 mm (e. g. every 250-300 mm) and to the placement of the nozzles from 200 to 300 mm from the workpiece surface.
  • the cooling gas is supplied onto the workpiece from four sides.
  • the nozzles are positioned perpendicularly to the axis of the workpiece; they can also be positioned at a low angle, e.g.
  • Collectors 34 and hatches 23 for cooling gas inflow are characterized by a cross-sectional area equal to or greater than the sum of jet areas of nozzles that can be installed on a given collector using all segments up to a height of 3000 mm. Collectors 34 with a circular cross-section can also be used, e.g. advantageously made of graphite materials or heat-resistant steels.
  • collectors 34 fitted with nozzle (pipes) connections for direct injection of cooling gas into the pipe 35 and/or be means of a metal hose 36 , for example; this enables the supply of cooling gas flow into the workpiece, in various essential workpiece sections characterized by thicker walls.
  • Each collector 34 can be fitted with several flexible connections 36 .
  • Nozzle systems installed in the collectors and nozzle systems installed in the heating chamber walls have a specifically calculated diameter to provide a cooling gas flow at 35-45 m/s, at cooling gas pressures (e.g. nitrogen) up to 16 bar.
  • the units of cooling gas recirculation installed in the front and rear bottom of the furnace housing ensure cooling gas circulation, forced by means of blowers directed onto the load, with gas inflow from two nozzle systems and further through outflow hatches and heat exchangers, where gas is drawn in by the blower fans.
  • the flow should be calculated in such a way so as to ensure divided supply at the level of 50% for the inflow through the nozzles of the heating chamber walls, and 50% for the inflow through the nozzles installed in the collectors.
  • the engine power of installed blowers of the load cooling system is up to 2 x 500 kW.
  • the furnace can also be operated with vertical collectors removed, which enables the heat treatment of bulk loads situated on tray 20 .
  • Furnace loading takes place with the hearth extended.
  • the hearth is moved until the flanges of the vacuum-pressure door 5 are connected to the flange of the housing 1 .
  • the furnace housing is closed in vacuum and pressure-tight manner.
  • a heating and soaking cycle of workpieces is initiated, e.g. for 4340H steel acc. to AISI - at the level of 840°C, while for 300M steel - at the level of 870°C.
  • the housing 1 is filled with nitrogen up to the specified pressure, e.g. in the range of up to 16 bar. Meanwhile, the withdrawal of pneumatic cylinders 18 results in the opening of side nozzle passages in the heating chamber walls 16 , as well as gas outflow hatches 9 and 10 from heating chamber 2 ; next the motors of blowers 7 and 8 are engaged and the valves of cooling water supply to heat exchangers 12 and 13 are opened.
  • the specified pressure e.g. in the range of up to 16 bar.
  • the hatches 23 enabling cooling gas inflow to collectors 24 are opened (with thermal blocks 25 of hatches 23 being pulled by pneumatic cylinders 26 ) and, depending on needs, hatches 31 are opened (with thermal blocks 32 being pulled by pneumatic drive 33 ) for the purpose of supplying cooling gas into the tubular workpieces from the bottom of the workpiece 35 base, or through ducts (bellows pipes) to similar places at the workpiece height 36 .
  • the zones of cooling gas inflow from the side walls can be reversibly closed, in order to facilitate the discharge of cooling gases from the load volume.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
EP17002085.3A 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Einzelkammerofen zum hochdruckgasquenchen (hpgq) zur wärmebehandlung von langen werkstücken Withdrawn EP3505856A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17002085.3A EP3505856A1 (de) 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Einzelkammerofen zum hochdruckgasquenchen (hpgq) zur wärmebehandlung von langen werkstücken

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17002085.3A EP3505856A1 (de) 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Einzelkammerofen zum hochdruckgasquenchen (hpgq) zur wärmebehandlung von langen werkstücken

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3505856A1 true EP3505856A1 (de) 2019-07-03

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EP17002085.3A Withdrawn EP3505856A1 (de) 2017-12-27 2017-12-27 Einzelkammerofen zum hochdruckgasquenchen (hpgq) zur wärmebehandlung von langen werkstücken

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113899200A (zh) * 2021-11-17 2022-01-07 株洲火炬工业炉有限责任公司 一种碳化铬生产用真空感应烧结炉

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4854860A (en) * 1987-12-02 1989-08-08 Gas Research Institute Convective heat transfer within an industrial heat treating furnace
US4906182A (en) * 1988-08-25 1990-03-06 Abar Ipsen Industries, Inc. Gas cooling system for processing furnace
US7427375B1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2008-09-23 Mnp Corporation Diffuser for an annealing furnace

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4854860A (en) * 1987-12-02 1989-08-08 Gas Research Institute Convective heat transfer within an industrial heat treating furnace
US4906182A (en) * 1988-08-25 1990-03-06 Abar Ipsen Industries, Inc. Gas cooling system for processing furnace
US7427375B1 (en) * 2005-08-29 2008-09-23 Mnp Corporation Diffuser for an annealing furnace

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113899200A (zh) * 2021-11-17 2022-01-07 株洲火炬工业炉有限责任公司 一种碳化铬生产用真空感应烧结炉
CN113899200B (zh) * 2021-11-17 2023-08-25 株洲火炬工业炉有限责任公司 一种碳化铬生产用真空感应烧结炉

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