EP3499636B1 - Rotatorvorrichtung zur verbindung von nicht ausgerichteten wellenleitern und verfahren zur herstellung davon - Google Patents

Rotatorvorrichtung zur verbindung von nicht ausgerichteten wellenleitern und verfahren zur herstellung davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3499636B1
EP3499636B1 EP17306760.4A EP17306760A EP3499636B1 EP 3499636 B1 EP3499636 B1 EP 3499636B1 EP 17306760 A EP17306760 A EP 17306760A EP 3499636 B1 EP3499636 B1 EP 3499636B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotator
passage
section
waveguide
angle
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3499636A1 (de
Inventor
Armel Le Bayon
Denis Tuau
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
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Publication of EP3499636A1 publication Critical patent/EP3499636A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/02—Bends; Corners; Twists
    • H01P1/022—Bends; Corners; Twists in waveguides of polygonal cross-section
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/024—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of rotator device for connecting non-aligned waveguides and a method of manufacture thereof.
  • Devices for rotating the polarisation of an electromagnetic signal transmitted through rectangular waveguides find their application in many microwave systems where polarization rotation is required such as in microwaves links.
  • Microwave links are widely used for connectivity in modern digital IP networks.
  • the ODU OutDoor Unit
  • a 45° or a 90° rotator maybe required to allow the ODU to be mounted in the same orientation whatever the vertical or horizontal antenna polarization.
  • Microwaves components are generally machined with a high accuracy. Several parts may be mounted end to end and the final radioelectric result needs to be in line with stringent customer specifications. Furthermore, it is desirable for the different components to be simple and compact as this not only provides reduced costs but also reduces the risk of machining dimensions exceeding permitted tolerances.
  • US2010/134217 discloses a waveguide junction for connecting two waveguides having an angular offset
  • the waveguide junction comprises transformer sections with a bow tie like cross section, the transformer sections having the same angular offset as the two waveguides that they connect to.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a rectangular waveguide rotator device according to claim 1.
  • the inventors of the present invention recognised that although the conventional form of two waveguides twisted about an angle to provide a desired rotation as is shown in figure 7 provides effective polarisation rotation, such a device suffers from a lack of compactness. They have addressed this by in effect allowing the two angled adjoining portions of waveguide to overlap, by rotating one part of the cross section of the waveguide with respect to the other part.
  • the substantially parallel longer side wall are angled at a point towards the middle of each of the walls, such that the waveguide comprises two angled sections.
  • a ridge is provided that protrudes into the rotator portion. The ridge improves the performance of the rotator device by lowering the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode and raising the cut-off frequency of the next higher order mode.
  • the rotator is arranged so that the longer side walls are substantially parallel with each other and are bent or angled towards a mid-point of the length of the wall.
  • walls are considered to be substantially parallel, if the difference in the distance between the walls at each end is less than 10% of the median distance between the walls.
  • the angle in the longer side walls and the location of the protrusion or ridge occurs towards the centre of the waveguide, so that the length of the longer side walls in each section are the same or differ from each other by less than 25% of the median length of a section's side wall.
  • Arranging the rotator device so that at least some of the rotation of the polarisation of the wave occurs within a section rather than between adjacent sections allows the size of the rotator device to be reduced and a more compact device provided.
  • the rotator device may comprise a single rotator portion while in other embodiments it may comprise a plurality of rotator portions, said first and further sections of each rotator portion being successively rotated with respect to said first and said further sections of a next rotator portion.
  • One rotator portion may be sufficient to provide the polarisation rotation of the transmitted wave that is required for it to travel between the two angled waveguides.
  • the rotation is done in a number of steps using a plurality of rotator portions arranged one after the other within the rotator device.
  • Each rotator portion will be successively rotated with respect to the previous one. In this regard, the first section will be rotated in one direction while the further section will be rotated in the other. The final result being that the polarisation of the wave travelling through the rotated device is rotated through an angle that is equal to the angle between the input and output waveguides that the rotator device connects.
  • the ridges may have an offset with respect to each other in different portions, in some embodiments said ridges of each of said plurality of rotator portions are aligned.
  • each of said at least one rotator portion is located between two adjacent portions, said adjacent portions having a substantially rectangular cross section, one being aligned with said first section and the other being aligned with said further section.
  • the rotator portions may be located adjacent to each other while in other embodiments there are intermediate or adjacent portions located on either side of each rotator portion and these are substantially rectangular in shape and aligned with one of the first or further sections. These adjacent portions do not have a bend such that the longer side walls are substantially straight. They may in some embodiments have a ridge extending across them while in other embodiments, there may be no ridge. Where there is a ridge in the adjacent portion, then it will be aligned with the ridge in the rotator portion.
  • the adjacent portions are thinner than the rotator portions.
  • the length of this section may need to have a certain size for this to be effective, the adjacent portions can be thinner and the device will still function well.
  • said rotator device comprises adjacent portions at each end of the device, one of said end adjacent portions being configured to connect to said first rectangular waveguide, and the other of said end adjacent portions being configured to connect to said second waveguide.
  • the adjacent portions not having a bend in them are substantially the same shape as the waveguides to which the rotator device is to connect and thus, there may be adjacent portions at either end of the rotator device arranged to connect with the waveguides.
  • the adjacent portions align with the waveguide to which they connect while in others one or both of them is offset to the waveguide providing the first rotational step.
  • the angle to which they are offset may be the same or less than the angle between the first and further sections.
  • the rotator device rotates the wave in a single twist then the rotator device will comprise one rotator portion with two adjacent portions, on either side these adjacent portions connecting to the waveguides.
  • said first waveguide is a different size to said second waveguide
  • an end of said rotator device configured to connect with the larger waveguide comprises a connecting portion and two linking portions for linking said connecting portion to a closest rotator portion, a first of said two linking portions adjacent to said connecting portion comprising a first section aligned with said adjacent connecting portion and a further section aligned with a first section of said closest rotator portion, and a second of said two linking portions comprising a substantially rectangular cross section aligned with said first section of said adjacent rotator portion.
  • the two waveguides being connected by the rotator device have the same dimensions, but in some embodiments they may have different dimensions and in which case there may be a linking or transition portion that enables the transition from one size waveguide to the other, this transition portion may also provide some rotation.
  • this transition portion may also provide some rotation.
  • conventional systems where there are different sized waveguides to be connected there is generally a separate transition portion for transitioning one waveguide to the size of the other.
  • a length and width at a widest point of said rotator portions are substantially the same as a length and width of said rectangular waveguides.
  • the dimensions of the rotator device may vary, in some embodiments, they are substantially the same as the waveguides to which they connect, in that the longest length and largest width of the passage within the rotator device are the same or are within 10% of the corresponding lengths and widths of the waveguides to which they are connected. Where the cross section does not vary greatly through the device, the machining is made simpler and is able to be performed within a single metallic piece which leads to a cost effective and robust device.
  • said at least one rotator portion comprises curved corners between said longer side and shorter end walls.
  • said ridges of said at least one rotator portion comprise a substantially triangular cross section.
  • the ridge may have a number of forms provided that it protrudes into the passage and disrupts some modes of the polarisation, in some embodiments it comprises a substantially triangular cross-section.
  • the ridge which may have a symmetric or a non-symmetric shape, acts to lower the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode and raise the cut-off frequency of the next higher order mode.
  • the width of the at least one rotator portion at its widest point is between a fifth and a half of its length.
  • the rotator portion may have a number of forms, in some embodiments it is found that the dimensions outlined above provide a device which is particularly effective for rotating microwaves. It should be noted that the adjacent portions will have the same restriction on dimensions as the rotator portion.
  • an angle between said first and further sections of said at least one rotator portion is between 10° and 25°.
  • the two waveguides being connected by the rotator device may be arranged at any angles with respect to each other, in some embodiments they are arranged at an angle of 45°.
  • microwave antenna horizontal and vertically polarised waves may be received and transmitted and thus, it may be convenient for an outdoor box to be arranged with a waveguide half way between the two, at say 45°.
  • a rotator device to provide the rotation from the vertical to 45° and a further rotator device from the horizontal to the 45° is required.
  • the waveguides may be configured to transmit a number of different waves, in some embodiments they are configured to transmit microwaves.
  • Microwaves are generally transmitted along rectangular waveguides and their rotation using a rotator device according to embodiments is particularly effective.
  • a second aspect provides a microwave antenna comprising an antenna dish, a linking waveguide for transmitting at least one of horizontally polarised and vertically polarised waves, at least one outdoor unit comprising a waveguide port arranged at an angle of 45°, said microwave antenna further comprising at least one rotator device according to a first aspect, arranged between said linking waveguide and said at least one outdoor box.
  • the microwave antenna may have a linking waveguide for both horizontally polarised and vertically polarised waves and it may have two outdoor units, each comprising a waveguide port at an angle of 45°.
  • the microwave antenna may have two rotator devices according to a first aspect arranged between the linking waveguide and the two outdoor boxes, one outdoor box treating the originally horizontally polarised waves and the other outdoor box treating the originally vertically polarised waves.
  • a third aspect provides a method of manufacturing a rotator device according to a first aspect, said method comprising: machining in a metal block a substantially rectangular first passage to a first depth; continuing to machine a fraction of a cross section of said passage, such that said fraction of said first passage extends to a further depth; machining a substantially rectangular second passage in an opposing end of said block and at a corresponding position to said first passage to a second depth, said rectangular second passage being at an angle to said first passage and machining a fraction of said second passage to a further depth said fraction of said second passage overlapping in depth with a fraction of an other passage, said fraction of said other passage joining with said fraction of said passage and being at an angle therewith.
  • said further depths overlap such that said first and further fractions meet to form a twisted mid section; wherein said machining of said fractions is done such that a ridge is provided between said two fractions.
  • said first depth and second depth are equal.
  • said substantially rectangular passages have rounded corners.
  • the rotator device may be machined from either side in two steps. Where there are additional rotator portions additional steps may be required and a machining tool with a lateral cutting edge may be required.
  • the total length of the rotator is greater than half the longest depth that the first passage is machined to plus the longest depth that the second passage is machined to and less than the sum of their longest depths.
  • Embodiments provide a rotator device for rotating the polarisation of waves, such that two rectangular waveguides angled with respect to each other can be connected.
  • the rotator device is designed so that it can be machined in one part and yet provides the performance of a rotator device formed of multiple parts. Furthermore, owing to the design of a bent waveguide portion, which in effect, squeezes two adjacent sections of non-aligned waveguides into a single section improved compactness is achieved.
  • a twist is imparted within a waveguide portion rather than between two different waveguide portions and a ridge is provided to lower the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode and raise the cut-off frequency of the next higher modes.
  • machining can be effectively provided within a single component using a machining tool.
  • Figure 1 shows one waveguide arranged here at o° and a further waveguide arranged at 45°.
  • a rotator device Between the two waveguides is a rotator device according to an embodiment.
  • This rotator device comprises straight sided adjacent portions for connecting to the waveguides and a rotator portion lying between them.
  • This rotator portion has one section that is aligned with one adjacent portion and one section that is aligned with the other adjacent portion and has a bend in the middle allowing the two sections to be differently aligned.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows how a single twist rotator device such as that shown in Figure 1 is machined in two steps.
  • a first step machines from one end of a metallic piece that will form the rotator device, a passage comprising a substantially rectangular cross section corresponding to the cross section of the waveguide to which it is to be connected. The machining is performed such that the whole rectangular cross section is machined to a first depth and then a section, shown here as the lower half of the cross section, is machined to a greater depth.
  • a second step which may comprise machining from the other end of the metallic piece machines a substantially rectangular cross section corresponding to the cross section of the waveguide to which it is to be connected, this rectangular cross section being angled with respect to the first machined cross section.
  • the machining is performed such that the whole rectangular cross section is machined to a first depth and then a section, shown here as the upper section is machined to a greater depth that overlaps with the other extended depth, such that a rotator portion is formed in the middle of two fractions or sections of non-aligned passages.
  • a ridge is provided in the point at which the two sections join.
  • the rotator device can be manufactured by a two step machining process.
  • One step machines a passage or partial passage oriented at one angle, while the other step provides a passage machined from the other end of the device at a different angle.
  • the mid part is formed as a combination of the two machining steps, one of the steps forming one section of the mid part, while the other machining step forms the other section of the mid part.
  • the machining from one end provides a complete substantially rectangular passage at one end and is continued further into the solid body to form say an upper section of a mid part
  • the machining from the other end provides a substantially rectangular passage at a different angle to the passage at the one end, this machining continuing for say the lower section of the mid part.
  • the mid part is formed of an "upper" section oriented one way and a "lower” section oriented at an angle to this and a slight geometric modification is provided between the two sections in the form of a triangular ridge.
  • the result is a compact rotator device that is machined in one piece and has the performances of a 2 component twist and which can achieve -40dB return loss value on 25% frequency band for a 45° rotation.
  • Embodiments were described above for a 45° twist using 2 steps. Embodiments can be used for other angular values and/or with more steps and with further rotator portions.
  • Embodiments are based on one or more rotator portions within a rotator device which has 2 sections arranged with a step twist and has a light geometric modification of the middle part to improve the radioelectrical performances.
  • This light geometric modification may have the form of a ridge and may have a symmetric or non-symmetric shape and will lower the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode and raise the cut-off frequency of the next higher order modes.
  • Figure 3 shows the dimensions of a rotator according to an embodiment.
  • the angle between the 2 sections is ⁇ .
  • the dimensions of this angle are: 10° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 25° .
  • the width a of the rotator and the height b are very close to the corresponding values of the input or output waveguides.
  • l1 is the length of the portion machined in the first step, while l2 is the length of the portion machined in the second step.
  • the dimensions are such that
  • l1 can be seen as the length of the first machining step it corresponds to the width of the straight portion adjacent to the rotator portion plus the width of the rotator portion, while the second machining step corresponds to the width of the straight portion adjacent to the other side of the rotator portion plus the width of the rotator portion.
  • the height h of the central part is and the width w is
  • Figure 4 shows the Return Loss values for a rotator according to an embodiment in the 5.5 - 9 GHz frequency band.
  • a length of around 30mm is generally required.
  • Embodiments of the invention provide a device with similar characteristics and a length of just 21.6mm, providing a 28% reduction in length.
  • embodiments provide a reduction in size of the rotator device, a simplification of the machining process and a reduced cost.
  • Figures 1 to 4 disclose a two step, single twist device, while Figure 5 shows a further embodiment with an additional rotator portion.
  • the rotator device may be formed of a number of rotator portions depending on the desired angle of rotation and supported bandwidth. Rotating the polarisation in several steps may improve performance but does reduce compactness.
  • the machining of the device may be done in a single piece of material, owing to the similar dimensions of each piece. A machining tool with a cutting portion that extends laterally from the tool may be required, where there are several rotator portions.
  • FIG. 6 shows a microwave antenna according to an embodiment.
  • the antenna comprises an antenna dish 10 for receiving and transmitting microwaves a linking waveguide, which in this embodiment comprises an orthomode transducer 20 for transmitting both horizontally and vertically polarised waves from the antenna towards two outdoor units 40 which each receive one of the vertically or horizontally polarised waves.
  • Rotator devices 30 according to an embodiment are located between the orthomode transducer 20 and the outdoor units and act to rotate the polarisation of the waves from the vertical or horizontal to the 45° of the input waveguide of the devices.

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Claims (13)

  1. Eine rechteckige Wellenleiter-Rotatorvorrichtung zur Verbindung eines ersten und zweiten Wellenleiters, wobei der erste und zweite Wellenleiter in einem Winkel zueinander in Bezug auf eine gemeinsame Längsachse ausgerichtet sind, wobei diese Rotatorvorrichtung umfasst:
    mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitt, wobei der mindestens eine Rotatorabschnitt einen Durchgang mit einem Querschnitt senkrecht zur Längsachse aufweist, der durch Außenwände gebildet wird, die zwei längere Seitenwände besitzen, die über zwei kürzere Endwände miteinander verbunden sind;
    den Querschnitt des Durchgangs mindestens eines Rotatorabschnitts mit einem überstehenden Grat von jeder längeren Seitenwand in diesen Durchgang des Wellenleiter-Rotatorabschnitts über eine Breite dieser längeren Seitenwände, wobei dieser Grat den Rotatorabschnitt in einen ersten und einen weiteren Bereich unterteilt, sodass ein Teil der längeren Seitenwände mit der Endwand auf einer Seite dieses Grats einen ersten Bereich aufweist und ein anderer Teil der längeren Seitenwände mit der Endwand auf der anderen Seite dieses Grats den weiteren Bereich aufweist;
    wobei der erste und die weiteren Bereiche dieses Rotatorabschnitts so konfiguriert sind, dass ihre jeweiligen Teile der längeren Seitenwände im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander sind und unter einem Winkel in Bezug auf die Teile der längeren Seitenwände des anderen Bereichs angeordnet sind, wobei ein Bereich der ersten und weiteren Bereiche unter dem Winkel in Bezug auf den anderen Bereich um seine Längsachse gedreht wird.
  2. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die eine Vielzahl von Rotatorabschnitten aufweist, wobei der erste und die weiteren Bereiche jedes Rotatorabschnitts hintereinander in Bezug auf den ersten und die weiteren Bereiche eines nächsten Rotatorabschnitts gedreht werden.
  3. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitts zwischen zwei angrenzenden Abschnitten angeordnet ist, wobei die angrenzenden Abschnitte einen im Wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei einer davon auf den ersten Bereich und der andere auf den weiteren Bereich ausgerichtet ist.
  4. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei mindestens einer der angrenzenden Abschnitte einen Grat aufweist, der aus jeder der längeren Seitenwände der angrenzenden Abschnitte in eine Richtung senkrecht zu den längeren Seitenwänden verlängert wird, wobei dieser Grat auf den Grat des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitts ausgerichtet ist.
  5. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei diese Rotatorvorrichtung an jedem Ende angrenzende Abschnitte aufweist, wobei einer dieser angrenzenden Endabschnitte so konfiguriert ist, dass er mit dem ersten rechteckigen Wellenleiter verbunden ist, und der andere angrenzende Endabschnitt so konfiguriert ist, dass er mit dem zweiten Wellenleiter verbunden ist.
  6. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Länge und Breite an einem breitesten Punkt dieser Rotatorabschnitte im Wesentlichen mit der Länge und Breite der rechteckigen Wellenleiter übereinstimmen.
  7. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens ein Rotatorabschnitt gekrümmte Ecken zwischen den längeren und kürzeren Endwänden aufweist.
  8. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Grate des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitts einen im Wesentlichen dreieckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
  9. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Breite des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitts zwischen den Graten größer als die Hälfte der Breite des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitts an dessen breitesten Punkt ist.
  10. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Breite des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitt an dessen breitesten Punkt zwischen einem Fünftel und der Hälfte seiner Länge beträgt.
  11. Eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Winkel zwischen dem ersten und dem weiteren Bereich des mindestens einen Rotatorabschnitts zwischen 1 und 2 liegt.
  12. Eine Mikrowellenantenne mit einer Antennenschüssel, einem Verbindungswellenleiter zum Übertragen mindestens einer der horizontal polarisierten und vertikal polarisierten Wellen, wobei mindestens eine Außeneinheit einen Wellenleiteranschluss umfasst, der unter einem Winkel von 45° angeordnet ist, wobei diese Mikrowellenantenne weiter mindestens eine Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche umfasst, die zwischen dem Verbindungswellenleiter und mindestens einem Außengehäuse angeordnet ist.
  13. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Rotatorvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Bearbeiten, in einem Metallblock, eines im Wesentlichen rechteckigen ersten Durchgangs zu einer ersten Tiefe;
    Weiterbearbeiten eines Bruchteils eines Querschnitts des ersten Durchgangs, sodass dieser Bruchteil des ersten Durchgangs bis zu einer weiteren Tiefe verlängert wird;
    Bearbeiten eines im Wesentlichen rechteckigen zweiten Durchgangs an einem gegenüberliegenden Ende des Blocks und an einer entsprechenden Position zum ersten Durchgang zu einer zweiten Tiefe, wobei der rechteckige zweite Durchgang unter einem Winkel zum ersten Durchgang steht; und
    Bearbeiten eines Bruchteils des zweiten Durchgangs zu einer weiteren Tiefe, wobei sich der Bruchteil des zweiten Durchgangs in der Tiefe mit einem Bruchteil eines anderen Durchgangs überschneidet, wobei sich der Bruchteil des anderen Durchgangs mit dem Bruchteil dieses Durchgangs verbindet und unter einem Winkel dazu angeordnet ist.
EP17306760.4A 2017-12-13 2017-12-13 Rotatorvorrichtung zur verbindung von nicht ausgerichteten wellenleitern und verfahren zur herstellung davon Active EP3499636B1 (de)

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CN111293015B (zh) * 2020-02-20 2021-04-30 电子科技大学 一种紧凑型回旋行波管输入系统
CN115732873B (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-07-21 电子科技大学 一种超宽带薄片式90°扭波导

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JPS60129702U (ja) * 1984-02-08 1985-08-30 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置
DE10037554A1 (de) * 2000-08-02 2002-02-14 Alcatel Sa Anordnung zum Verbinden von zwei identischen elektromagnetischen Hohlleitern
GB2429119A (en) * 2005-08-10 2007-02-14 Marconi Comm Gmbh Waveguide junction with angular offset
ES2425201T3 (es) * 2010-02-16 2013-10-14 Radiacion Y Microondas, S.A. Girador de polarización con múltiples secciones en forma de pajarita

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