EP3497418A1 - Dispositif permettant de surveiller des points de liaison mécaniques d'une installation - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant de surveiller des points de liaison mécaniques d'une installation

Info

Publication number
EP3497418A1
EP3497418A1 EP17755092.8A EP17755092A EP3497418A1 EP 3497418 A1 EP3497418 A1 EP 3497418A1 EP 17755092 A EP17755092 A EP 17755092A EP 3497418 A1 EP3497418 A1 EP 3497418A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
images
following
parameters
imaging
imaging device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17755092.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arne Bartschat
Matthias STAMMLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP3497418A1 publication Critical patent/EP3497418A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004Industrial image inspection
    • G06T7/001Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/30Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/30Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/331Mechanical loads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00Control
    • F05B2270/80Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/804Optical devices
    • F05B2270/8041Cameras
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00Control
    • F05D2270/80Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05D2270/804Optical devices
    • F05D2270/8041Cameras
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/95Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass with markings, colours, indicators or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/14Cap nuts; Nut caps or bolt caps
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/9515Objects of complex shape, e.g. examined with use of a surface follower device
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108Industrial image inspection

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering and is concerned with the monitoring of mechanical connection points of equipment, in particular wind turbines.
  • connection points must be stable with the highest reliability, and connections must not come loose, or the risk of loosening must at least be known beforehand.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a most effective and efficient means for monitoring mechanical joints of a system, which at least partially simplifies the service and monitoring and possibly partially replaced.
  • the invention relates to a device for monitoring mechanical connection points of a system, in particular a wind turbine, with at least one optical imaging device which is adapted to repeat optical images of one or more connection points, in particular regularly or continuously, and a processing means for comparing images respectively with reference images or parameters of the images respectively with reference parameters and generating an error signal with respect to the joint depicted in a figure as soon as the deviations of the mapping from a reference image or a parameter of a reference parameter in the image exceeds a specified threshold.
  • the mechanical connection points can be formed, for example, by screw connections, adhesive connections, welded or soldered connections, rivets or bolts, clamps or other connecting elements whose state can be visually recognized. Also, the observation of clamping of parts of the system by clamping or by encapsulation or other joining technique is optically controllable, so that such joints can be monitored.
  • the corresponding optical imaging devices can be formed, for example, by cameras, wherein a single camera can also monitor a plurality of connection points. As well as changes that become apparent by loosening or partially releasing a joint, by a person skilled in the form of a service force by personal revision are recognizable, such changes can also be controlled by an optical imaging system.
  • the device according to the invention is set up to regularly record and monitor corresponding images. In electronic image processing, changes compared to reference images or, after the images have been parameterized, also changes compared to comparison parameters can be detected and signaled.
  • the reference images and / or reference parameters are formed by images previously captured by the device and / or based on them.
  • such reference images can also be idealized standard images, and parameters that can be obtained from such images can also be preset, so that current ones are always preset Figures can be compared with such standard figures and parameter values.
  • the monitoring is particularly simple if, for comparison, older images and parameters derived from these are used.
  • a first image can be detected, which can serve as a reference for later measurements.
  • it can also be alternatively or additionally provided that as
  • a map is used for the reference, which has been generated a certain period of time before the current image in order to determine development trends in the event of changes.
  • Images and parameters recorded in previous measurements are each stored in a memory device and kept available for comparison.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide that it is adapted to compare the position, in particular the angle of rotation, of the screw in the figure with its position in the reference image at least one connection point having a screw connection.
  • connection point comprises position markings of one or more screws. If a screw loosens, it can, for example, be twisted in the thread, which can easily be determined by the marked position. The angle of rotation of the screw can be observed in the longer term even with small changes
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the position markings by form marks, color markings or attached to the illustrated screw marking element, in particular a screw cap is formed.
  • every screw in the attached state by attaching an added mark, such as a screw cap are easily marked with respect to their position, and the markers can be aligned, for example, together, so that a single dissolved screw is easily recognizable by changing their mark.
  • Markings can also be designed to be fluorescent so that they can be recognized in the dark.
  • the device is adapted to detect at least one connection point, which is formed by a clamping of a component in a potting material, in particular a cast foundation.
  • the imaging device images the parting line between the potting material and the cast-in component.
  • the clamping of the tower in the cast foundation can be imaged by an imaging device. After making this connection, no parting line is initially visible, but this can occur after load or load changes and become recognizable. It can also be recognizable in the no-load condition.
  • the width of the parting line can be measured and stored in the form of a parameter. Changes in the joint width can then be recognized as a trend.
  • the imaging device is set up to image the movement, in particular the amplitude of movement, of the clamped component with respect to the potting material during a vibration and / or a mechanical alternating load of the system, and that the comparison device is configured to exceed it to emit a signal at a reference velocity or reference amplitude.
  • a mark may be attached to the clamped component, and the imaging device may be fixedly mounted on the clamped portion.
  • a relative movement between the position marker and the clamping member which can be statically or dynamically mapped.
  • the tower may bear a mark, and an imaging device may be mounted on the foundation.
  • a parting line will appear between the casting material and the material of the tower, whereby the width of the parting line can be absorbed.
  • it is also possible to dynamically observe a mark on the tower ie, the amplitude of oscillation during load changes can be observed and characterized by a parameter which can be compared with corresponding parameters of previously taken pictures. From this it can be concluded to what extent the clamped part has relaxed in the clamping.
  • the imaging device has one or more cameras.
  • Such cameras are usually designed as digital cameras and can send digital recordings electronically via lines or a radio link to a central office. At the head office, the comparison with previous recordings or the parameter comparison can take place.
  • the control center can be provided on the wind turbine itself or even remotely, and in any case has a data processing device.
  • the imaging device comprises optical deflection devices for supplying one or more images to a camera, in particular in the form of optical waveguides and / or mirrors.
  • This measure can serve, for example, to record images of connection points in inaccessible places by means of an optical system and to forward them to a camera, for example, by means of one or more mirrors.
  • the forwarding by means of optical waveguides or optical fiber bundles is conceivable. As a result, the number of necessary cameras can be reduced, and / or these can be mounted in sheltered places.
  • a further advantageous embodiment may include the information technology connection with an electronic control device of the system.
  • the times of the acquisition of optical images with certain operating parameters of the system and / or with the occurrence of certain conditions can be coordinated.
  • a measurement is made in the case of a particularly high wind load (eg at a wind load maximum and / or a wind load minimum).
  • Ambient temperature can also be a parameter that can be considered for the selection of times to create optical images of the joints.
  • the invention can also provide that at least one element of the imaging device is permanently mounted on a fixed rotor blade bearing part in the case of use in a wind power plant.
  • the mechanical play of the rotor blades in storage by an imaging device can be optically monitored.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a connection of the device is provided directly or indirectly with sensors of the system, as well as a trigger device, the detection of
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by an active cleaning device for one or more interfaces of the imaging device, pass through the imaging beams. Since such a device is intended to help extend the intervals between personal inspections for maintenance, it must be expected that the device itself will also rarely be maintained and the optical imaging devices, in particular cameras, are exposed to environmental influences and are only rarely cleaned can. Lenses and other optical interfaces can then rarely be cleaned by service personnel; Therefore, an active cleaning device, for example in the form of a wiper or an ultrasonic cleaning system for shaking off dust, makes sense.
  • the imaging device has at least one closure device that can be closed in order to protect at least one interface through which imaging rays pass, from environmental influences, and that can be opened to capture images. In this case, the sensitive surfaces of the imaging devices, such as camera lenses, mirrors or optical fiber ends, may be protected by the shutter device, which is only briefly open for actually making a picture.
  • Such closure devices can be formed, for example, by irises or flaps.
  • a connection of the device is provided directly or indirectly with sensors of the system.
  • the device within a data processing device which serves to control it and to evaluate data, has a device for trend analysis of acquired parameters.
  • a trend analysis device By means of such a trend analysis device, small changes in the images or parameters can be detected at an early stage, which later lead to failures. It can thus be given early signals for personal maintenance by service personnel.
  • a further advantageous embodiment may provide that the device has a device for self-monitoring, which monitors the detected parameters and / or images on expected deviations from previous parameters or figures.
  • the optical images are selectively manipulated at certain intervals at some or all connection points in order to ensure that changes due to the
  • Imaging devices are registered and detected by the monitoring device. For example, it may also be provided that, in the case of larger perceptible changes in the images or parameters, a measurement is immediately repeated to ensure that no incorrect measurement has been made.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a wind turbine
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a plurality of successive lying, monitored by a camera screw heads
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically an illustration of the device with the data processing elements as well
  • FIG. 8 shows an imaging device with a closure device.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a side view, the tower 1 of a wind energy plant with a dome 2 and rotor blades 3, 4, which are fastened to a hub 5.
  • the tower 1 of the wind turbine is cast in a foundation 6, for example made of concrete.
  • screw connections with anchors can be provided in the foundation.
  • the tower 1 can be divided lengthwise into a plurality of sections 1a, 1b, 1c, which can be screwed together by means of flanges ld, le, lf, lg.
  • the flanges ld, le, lf, lg are fixedly connected to one another by means of axially continuous screws distributed around the circumference of the flanges.
  • connecting points 7, 8, 9 in the area of the rotor blade bearings and 10, 11 in the region of the flange connections and 12 in the region of the clamping of the tower 1 in the foundation 6 are shown by way of example.
  • Optical imaging devices may be provided for monitoring the respective connection points.
  • the images of joints can also be routed via optical fibers or mirror optics to corresponding imaging devices.
  • the imaging devices may include, for example, digital cameras.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a rotor blade bearing, wherein the fixed bearing part is denoted by 13.
  • the rotor blade 3 is rotatable about the axis of rotation 14 with respect to the bearing part 13, which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the entire impeller.
  • the angle of attack of the rotor blades 3, 4 can be adjusted.
  • On the fixed bearing part 13 of the rotor bearing a camera 15 is mounted, which registers changes in the position of the rotor blade 3 relative to the bearing and thus determined, for example, bearing clearance or clearance in the attachment of the rotor blade 3 on its shaft.
  • FIG. 3 by way of example, three screw heads 16, 17, 18 are illustrated on a flange 1d, wherein an optical waveguide 19, 20, 21 terminates at each screw head 16, 17, 18, each of which forms an image of the screw head 16, 17, 18 or a position marking receives on the respective screw head and this passes to a receiving device 22.
  • This can for example be designed as a digital camera with or without an imaging optics.
  • Figure 4 shows in perspective a plurality of arranged in a row screw heads 16, 17, 18, each having markings 23 on the cylindrical outer surface of the screw head, wherein the position of the markers 23 for all three screws can be simultaneously captured by the camera 24 in an image. This will reduce the number of imaging devices / cameras needed. Rotation of a single one of the screws 16, 17, 18 immediately results in a change in symmetry in the image, as long as the position marks have been initially aligned. As a result, dissolved compounds are easily recognizable.
  • FIG. 5 shows in a perspective view a screw head 16 with a position marking 25 in the form of a recess or color marking on the front side of the screw head 16.
  • FIG. 6 shows, in a cutaway view, a screw 26 with a screw head 26a, over which a position marking cap 27 has been pulled.
  • a cap 27 carries a position marker and may be slipped over a screw head such that the position marker is at a desired location.
  • rows of screws can be similarly marked by such caps 27 after fastening / tightening such that the position marks are all aligned with each other. In this way, individual dissolved screws can be easily recognized by the fact that the corresponding position marker is no longer aligned with the other position marks of the other screws.
  • Figure 7 shows schematically parts of a device according to the invention with all the necessary elements for data processing.
  • imaging devices 15, 24, 28, 29, which can all be the same or different.
  • some of the imaging devices may be configured as cameras, others as sensor arrays, at which optical fibers terminate, or as sensor arrays or cameras that receive mirrored images.
  • the imaging devices direct the images to a processing device 30, which compares the images and / or parameters derived therefrom with reference images or reference parameters from a memory device 31 and evaluates any deviations ascertained if necessary.
  • Pre-determined reference parameters and reference images may be stored in the memory device 31, but there may also be stored reference data obtained with the imaging devices 13, 24, 28, 29.
  • a signal is output by the processing device 30 by means of a signal device 32.
  • This can for example contain a communication module, by means of which an operator of the system is notified.
  • the processing and comparison device 30 may be connected directly to the controller 33 of the system to exchange data therewith.
  • This data can be, for example, operating data, at one Wind turbine, for example, the instantaneous power or wind load and the time remaining until the next maintenance.
  • the processing device 30 can also be directly coupled to sensors 34, 35, 36 of the system, which are used to measure physical parameters such as wind load, wind speed, temperature or similar parameters.
  • sensors 34, 35, 36 of the system which are used to measure physical parameters such as wind load, wind speed, temperature or similar parameters.
  • Mapped images can be compared with previously acquired mappings to perform plausibility tests. It can also be provided that a position mark is specifically manipulated at a connection point in order to test whether the device according to the invention signals an error.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a camera 38 whose optic 39 is protected by an iris diaphragm 40. It can remain closed as long as no image is captured and opened only to take a picture. As a result, the optic 39 is protected from environmental influences and from contamination.
  • the camera 38 takes pictures of the screws 41, 42, wherein the screw 42 or a mark on its head by two mirrors 43, 44 is directed to the camera 38.
  • the mirror 44 is exemplarily provided with a dust removing device 45, which applies an ultrasonic pulse to the mirror 44 to vibrate it so as to deposit dirt and dust deposited on the surface. It may also be provided a wiper device which moves over one or both of the mirrors 43, 44 to remove dirt and to maintain the quality of the optical image even under adverse environmental conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant de surveiller des points de liaison mécaniques d'une installation, en particulier d'une éolienne, comprenant au moins un dispositif d'imagerie optique qui est conçu pour acquérir de manière numérisée des images optiques d'un ou plusieurs points de liaison de manière répétée, en particulier régulièrement ou en continu, et un dispositif de comparaison servant à comparer des images respectivement avec des images de référence ou à comparer des paramètres des images respectivement avec des paramètres de référence et servant à générer un signal d'erreur relatif au point de liaison représenté dans une image dès que les écarts entre l'image et une image de référence ou entre un paramètre et un paramètre de référence dépassent un seuil défini lors de l'imagerie. Ainsi, la surveillance de points de liaison mécaniques peut être automatisée et systématisée et les coûts d'entretien peuvent être réduits. De plus, le fonctionnement de l'installation surveillée est plus sûr.
EP17755092.8A 2016-08-08 2017-08-07 Dispositif permettant de surveiller des points de liaison mécaniques d'une installation Pending EP3497418A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016214705.6A DE102016214705B4 (de) 2016-08-08 2016-08-08 Einrichtung zur Überwachung von mechanischen Verbindungsstellen einer Anlage
PCT/EP2017/069965 WO2018029153A1 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-07 Dispositif permettant de surveiller des points de liaison mécaniques d'une installation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3497418A1 true EP3497418A1 (fr) 2019-06-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17755092.8A Pending EP3497418A1 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-07 Dispositif permettant de surveiller des points de liaison mécaniques d'une installation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11920561B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3497418A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016214705B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018029153A1 (fr)

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JAE-HYUNG PARK ET AL: "Novel bolt-loosening detection technique using image processing for bolt joints in steel bridges", THE 2015 WORLD CONGRESS ON ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS, ASEM15, 29 August 2015 (2015-08-29), XP055640557, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.i-asem.org/publication_conf/asem15/5.ICSSS15/1w/W4E.5.MS581_2517F.pdf> [retrieved on 20191108] *

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112520064A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-19 中国航空工业集团公司成都飞机设计研究所 一种基于应变监测的损伤自动识别方法

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DE102016214705A1 (de) 2018-02-08
US20200191122A1 (en) 2020-06-18

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