EP3497394A1 - Dispositif de mise a feu par induction - Google Patents
Dispositif de mise a feu par inductionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3497394A1 EP3497394A1 EP17757808.5A EP17757808A EP3497394A1 EP 3497394 A1 EP3497394 A1 EP 3497394A1 EP 17757808 A EP17757808 A EP 17757808A EP 3497394 A1 EP3497394 A1 EP 3497394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shield
- ceramic material
- firing
- barrel
- firing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/58—Electric firing mechanisms
- F41A19/63—Electric firing mechanisms having means for contactless transmission of electric energy, e.g. by induction, by sparking gap
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system or device for firing a munition, of small to large caliber, allowing the ignition by magnetic or electromagnetic induction and the combustion of a propellant charge necessary for the expulsion of said ammunition .
- Systems for firing a propellant charge of a munition in a gun barrel have been known for a long time by triggering an electric arc in the vicinity of the propellant charge in order to trigger its combustion and expulsion. of the projectile. They are for example described in US3859746 or US5074189 publications.
- the application GB2234335 describes such a system in which the induction is carried out by the production of an electric, magnetic or even electromagnetic field.
- the induced field propagates between the shutter and the propellant charge, in which a circuit is arranged. In this circuit the induced current allows heating Joule effect of the load and its explosion.
- the shutter must absorb and dissipate the forces generated by the combustion of the propellant charge.
- the assembly describes a removable system for feeding the projectile, the propellant charge by the breech of the barrel, which is then closed by the shutter itself sealed to the barrel by a closure block.
- the shutter is made in a piece of austenitic steel, electrically conductive and nonmagnetic, optionally provided with a magnetic steel insert in the case of a magnetic induction. AT After firing, the firing system is very quickly damaged in such a way that it is not or almost useless.
- the application EP 0030580 A1 discloses an ignition device by electromagnetic induction of propellant charges of artillery and missiles.
- the inductor is trapped between a shield, a back block and a peripheral steel retaining ring.
- the shield is made of a refractory fibrous material such as asbestos or a glass fiber fabric embedded in a phenolic resin (see Figure 6a and page 10 of the publication) to resist thermomechanical stresses. If it is actually strong enough to be reusable for several shots without being changed to nine, such a system based on fibrous materials and a resin has a high toxicity that makes its use very delicate for the health of the body. operator, especially in a confined environment such as a tank cabin.
- WO 2005/043069 discloses a shield made of an impact resistant material which may be boron nitride, whose face in contact with the chamber is, contrary to the present invention, of conical or curved shape in the direction of the chamber, in order to evacuate the heat and the pressure exerted on the shield and to deflect the debris produced during the firing of the load of the surface of said shield.
- the primary object of the present invention is thus to propose a novel magnetic induction firing device which has sufficient strength and strength to be able to withstand successive firing without alteration and which furthermore has a degree of safety and toxicity. sufficient to allow safe handling by an operator, especially in conditions where access is difficult.
- the present invention thus relates more particularly to a device for firing an ammunition constituted by a projectile and its propellant charge, comprising a bolt adapted to come into contact with a chamber of a barrel charged with said ammunition, said bolt closing said barrel in firing position, wherein said bolt comprises:
- a magnetic or electromagnetic induction starting device for triggering, in particular without contact or without electric discharge, the combustion of the propellant charge and the expulsion of the projectile from said gun
- said shield comprises a ceramic material made of a) an oxide or b) a carbide or c) a nitride or d) an oxynitride or e) a boride, at least one element selected from: silicon, aluminum, zirconium, boron (in particular boron carbide), titanium, tungsten, hafnium, said ceramic material comprising grains whose maximum diameter is less than or equal to 500 micrometers.
- a ceramic material made of a) an oxide or b) a carbide or c) a nitride or d) an oxynitride or e) a boride, at least one element selected from: silicon, aluminum, zirconium, boron (in particular boron carbide), titanium, tungsten, hafnium, said ceramic material comprising grains whose maximum diameter is less than or equal to 500 micrometers.
- Said shield consists essentially of, or even consists of, a ceramic material made of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride or an oxynitride or a boride of at least one element chosen from silicon, aluminum, zirconium, boron, titanium, tungsten, hafnium.
- the grains included in said ceramic material having a maximum diameter of less than or equal to 300 micrometers, more preferably less than or equal to 100 micrometers, and very preferably less than or equal to 50 micrometers.
- the grains included in said ceramic material having a maximum diameter greater than or equal to 1 micrometer, more preferably a maximum diameter greater than or equal to 10 microns.
- At least one of the surfaces of the shield has a roughness Ra less than 5 micrometers, more preferably less than 3 micrometers and very preferably less than 1.5 micrometers or even less than 1 micrometer, as measured according to the IS04287 standard.
- the material constituting the shield has a toughness greater than or equal to 2 MPa.m 1 2 , in particular greater than or equal to 2.5 MPa.m 1 2 .
- the shield is a straight cylinder of circular base.
- the grains included in the ceramic material of the shield has an average diameter less than or equal to 300 microns, more preferably less than or equal to 100 microns, and very preferably less than or equal to 50 microns.
- the grains included in the ceramic material of the shield has an average diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 micrometer, more preferably greater than or equal to 5 micrometers.
- the open porosity of the ceramic material constituting the shield is less than 15%, more preferably less than 10%, or even less than 5% or even less than 1%.
- the bulk density of the shield is at least 85%, or even at least 90%, or even at least 95%, or even at least 98%, and more preferably more than 99% of the absolute density material constituting it.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield is chosen from carbides, in particular the carbides of at least one element chosen from boron, titanium, hafnium or tungsten.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield is chosen from oxides, in particular oxides of at least one element chosen from among aluminum, silicon, titanium, zirconium or Hafnium, and especially mullite, aluminum titanate, hafnium oxide or zirconium oxide.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield is chosen from nitrides, in particular the nitrides of at least one element chosen from silicon or titanium.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield is chosen from oxynitrides, in particular the oxynitrides of at least one element chosen from silicon and aluminum, in particular SiAlON.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield consists essentially of zirconia. According to another embodiment of the invention, the ceramic material constituting the shield consists essentially of alumina.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield is based on silicon carbide SiC (for example the ceramic material comprises more than 80% by weight of SiC, or even more than 95% by weight of SiC) . More preferably, said material consists essentially of silicon carbide. According to another embodiment of the invention, the ceramic material constituting the shield consists essentially of silicon nitride.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield consists essentially of carbide of at least one element chosen from boron or tungsten or hafnium.
- the material according to the invention is monolithic.
- the device comprises a metal ring substantially surrounding the entire side surface of the shield.
- the device comprises a metal support plate or composite fabric / resin shield, disposed opposite the combustion chamber.
- the ceramic material constituting the shield has a relative magnetic permeability at 20 ° C of less than 10, preferably less than 5.
- the ceramic material contains less than 1% by weight of Fe 2 0 3 .
- the shield has chamfered or rounded corners.
- the density of the body is greater than 2.0, or even greater than 3.0 g / cm 3 ,
- the material according to the invention is monolithic that is to say formed of a single piece (or shape) massive. In particular, it is not a fabric or does not contain ceramic fibers.
- the shield has chamfered edges or fillets. This feature is particularly advantageous for ammunition systems means or large calibres (that is to say greater than or equal to 90mm in diameter) generating high pressure during firing. This is to limit the initiation of cracks on the edges of the shield during firing and to facilitate the hooping operation, that is to say the insertion of the shield in the cylindrical body.
- the radius of curvature of the chamfer is typically between 1.5 and 1000 mm, preferably between 2 and 500 mm and even more preferably between 4 and 100 mm.
- the shape of the shield is as simple as possible in order to limit the concentrations of stresses, that is to say typically a disk with preferably plane faces.
- the flatness of the disc is determined by measuring the maximum disc thickness gap that is placed on one of its two faces.
- the difference in thickness is less than 0.5 mm per meter of disk diameter, preferably less than 0.3 mm per meter, more preferably less than or equal to 0.2 mm per meter of disk diameter.
- the shield may have a draft preferably of less than 45 °.
- the diameter of the shield obviously depends on the diameter of the cylinder. As the shield is fretted the clearance between the outer diameter of the shield and the inner diameter of the cylindrical body is almost zero. The thickness of the shield depends on the type of ammunition and the maximum range of the artillery used. - The shield has no shoulder to avoid stress concentration areas, the cylinder head may have a shoulder to ensure a perfect seal to prevent any passage of combustion gases from the firing chamber to the device of induction.
- the shield may not be in contact with the priming device, a space may be provided between the two or a support plate may extend under all or part of the shield, since the material of the support plate is a material non - magnetic or does not disturb the magnetic field induced by the priming device.
- the invention also relates to an assembly comprising:
- a cannon comprising at its base a chamber for an ammunition constituted by a projectile and its propellant charge
- a device for igniting by induction of said propellant charge as described above comprising in a cylinder head a device for initiating by magnetic induction of the charge and a shield, the firing device being mounted movably on the gun of such that in the firing position and after loading the barrel, the breech of the firing device hermetically closes said barrel and in such a way that the shield is disposed between the induction device of said device and the chamber of said barrel.
- grain diameter also called equivalent grain diameter in the literature
- equivalent grain diameter is meant the half-sum of the longest grain length and the largest grain width, measured in a direction perpendicular to the greater length.
- apparent density of a ceramic piece is meant in the sense of the present invention, the ratio equal to the mass of the room divided by the volume occupied by it. It is classically determined by the method of Archimedes.
- the ISO 5017 standard specifies, for example, the conditions of such a measurement. This standard also makes it possible to measure open porosity.
- absolute density is understood to mean the ratio of the dry mass of said product after grinding to a fineness such that substantially no closed porosity remains, divided by the volume of this mass after said grinding. It is typically measured by helium pycnometer, for example using Micromeritics® AccuPyc 1330 equipment.
- Toughness is measured according to ASTM C 1820.
- Roughness is measured according to IS04287.
- an arithmetic average deviation Ra is expressed as the integral mean of the absolute deviations between the projections and troughs with respect to a mean line determined from the sectional profile survey.
- the control of this roughness is performed by machining, grinding and / or polishing. All sides of the shield may be affected, the most sensitive for crack initiation however being the rear face of the shield. To allow hooping, the roughness of the slices of the shield can also be rectified.
- the ceramic grains retain substantially the shape and the chemical nature they present in the feedstock.
- the grains may represent up to 100% of the total mass of the final ceramic piece.
- phase composition of the material constituting the monolithic ceramic body is normally obtained by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis.
- the ceramic shield member according to the invention can in particular be obtained by a sintering process, such as a solid phase sintering process, in the liquid phase, or a reactive sintering process comprising the following steps:
- step c) optionally, demolding after curing or drying; such demolding step being particularly useful in the case where the shaping and drying steps are distinct (in particular such a step is not necessarily necessary if hot pressing is carried out during step b)),
- the following solid phase sintering method can be used: a) preparing a starting charge by atomizing a ceramic suspension comprising:
- a powder of a solid phase sintering additive based on carbon and / or boron
- the shield material according to the invention is in particular obtained by a process as described above, preferably in the presence of a sintering additive chosen from carbon, carbides of boron, titanium, zirconium or zirconium borides. , titanium, alone or in admixture.
- a sintering additive chosen from carbon, carbides of boron, titanium, zirconium or zirconium borides. , titanium, alone or in admixture.
- additive By sintering additive, often more simply called “additive” in the present description means a compound usually known to allow and / or accelerate the kinetics of the sintering reaction.
- the method according to the invention may also have one or more of the following optional features:
- an initial silicon carbide powder is used whose median particle diameter is less than 100 micrometers, preferably less than 50 micrometers, or even less than 20 micrometers, or even less than 5 micrometers.
- the pressure exerted on the feedstock may advantageously be between 150 and 850 kg / cm 2 .
- the feedstock contains a binder and / or a lubricant and / or a surfactant. In one embodiment, the feedstock does not contain a binder.
- the mixing is carried out so as to obtain a good homogeneity of distribution of the various elements, the mixing time being able to be adapted to achieve this result.
- the mixture of the initial reactants is carried out in a jar mill, the mixing time being greater than 12 hours.
- a mixing time of 24 hours is well suited.
- the mixture can be atomized or granulated, for example by "freeze granulation", to obtain granules that will be shaped, for example by pressing to obtain a ceramic preform.
- Other shaping techniques can be used, such as injection, slip casting. After shaping, the preform can be machined.
- the preform is then sintered.
- the ceramic material can in particular be obtained by sintering in the presence of a pressure applied during the cooking on the raw preform.
- Hot pressing techniques Hot Pressing
- hot isostatic pressing Hot Isostatic Pressing
- SPS Spark Plasma Sintering
- the ceramic material can also be obtained by reactive sintering or sintering reaction consisting in synthesizing during the heat treatment a matrix binding the granular fraction, said matrix being obtained either by reaction of components previously added to the mixture of the preform and / or by reaction with the baking atmosphere that combines with one or more components of the preform to form said binder matrix.
- the term "sintering" refers to a heat treatment whereby the final product forms a microstructure consisting of a granular fraction whose grains are joined together.
- impurities is meant the inevitable constituents, introduced involuntarily and necessarily with the raw materials or resulting from reactions with these constituents. Impurities are not necessary constituents, but only tolerated.
- Such an impurity is in particular constituted by Fe 2 O 3 iron oxide, the amount of which must be limited so as not to excessively modify the magnetic field enabling the charge to be ignited by magnetic induction.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention.
- a gun comprising a barrel 1 and a firing device 2 also according to the invention.
- a hinge 12 allows the rotation of the firing device 2 to come close hermetically the barrel 1, in firing position.
- the chamber 6, delimited by the walls 11 of the barrel 1, is then loaded with a munition formed by the projectile or shell 4 and its propellant charge 5.
- the firing device 2 comprises a cylinder head 13 in which has been arranged a housing for the introduction of a device 7 for remote priming by magnetic induction of the load 5.
- Feed son 8 allow the control of the priming device.
- a protective element or shield 3 whose function is the thermal and mechanical protection of the barrel 13. induction device 7 during firing.
- this piece is made of a ceramic material whose main characteristics have been described previously and are the subject of the appended claims. It has been found by the applicant company that such features are necessary to effectively solve the technical problem discussed above.
- the ceramic part constituting the shield is normally cylindrical, in the form of a straight cylinder of circular base, in particular a disc with preferably flat faces.
- At least one of the surfaces of the shield is advantageously ground so that its roughness is reduced to a value of its Ra less than 5 micrometers, under the measurement conditions described above. .
- Such conditions of surface roughness further limit the risk of cracking of the ceramic piece serving as shield during successive shots.
- the ceramic shield 3 can also advantageously be further surrounded by a ring 10 or rest on a support plate 9, these two remaining elements however optional according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1657627A FR3054880B1 (fr) | 2016-08-08 | 2016-08-08 | Dispositif de mise a feu par induction |
| PCT/FR2017/052192 WO2018029423A1 (fr) | 2016-08-08 | 2017-08-04 | Dispositif de mise a feu par induction |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3497394A1 true EP3497394A1 (fr) | 2019-06-19 |
| EP3497394B1 EP3497394B1 (fr) | 2023-04-05 |
Family
ID=57750053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17757808.5A Active EP3497394B1 (fr) | 2016-08-08 | 2017-08-04 | Dispositif de mise à feu par induction |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3497394B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3054880B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018029423A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110440636B (zh) * | 2019-09-21 | 2021-07-30 | 朱幕松 | 环形加速电磁炮 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2048743A1 (de) | 1970-10-03 | 1973-05-30 | Mauser Werke Ag | Vorrichtung zum ausloesen einer initialzuendung fuer die treibladung von patronen auf elektrischem wege |
| FR2438820A1 (fr) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-05-09 | France Etat | Dispositif electrique d'allumage d'une substance pyrotechnique |
| GB2234335B (en) | 1980-07-07 | 1991-06-26 | Marconi Co Ltd | Systems for firing propellant charges |
| FR2593908B1 (fr) * | 1986-02-03 | 1990-04-20 | France Etat Armement | Dispositif d'allumage capacitif pour charge propulsive |
| US5074189A (en) | 1989-12-22 | 1991-12-24 | Legend Ammunition, Inc. | Electrically-fired and magnetically actuated firearm |
| WO2005043069A1 (fr) * | 2003-10-30 | 2005-05-12 | Gamma Kdg Systems Sa | Mecanisme de mise de feu a impulsion electromagnetique pour armes a feu et artillerie de gros calibre |
-
2016
- 2016-08-08 FR FR1657627A patent/FR3054880B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-08-04 EP EP17757808.5A patent/EP3497394B1/fr active Active
- 2017-08-04 WO PCT/FR2017/052192 patent/WO2018029423A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3054880B1 (fr) | 2019-05-31 |
| EP3497394B1 (fr) | 2023-04-05 |
| FR3054880A1 (fr) | 2018-02-09 |
| WO2018029423A1 (fr) | 2018-02-15 |
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