EP3495813B1 - Verfahren zur unterscheidung von voc-quellen in innenräumen und zur schätzung der durch menschen hervorgerufener co2-konzentration - Google Patents

Verfahren zur unterscheidung von voc-quellen in innenräumen und zur schätzung der durch menschen hervorgerufener co2-konzentration Download PDF

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EP3495813B1
EP3495813B1 EP17205584.0A EP17205584A EP3495813B1 EP 3495813 B1 EP3495813 B1 EP 3495813B1 EP 17205584 A EP17205584 A EP 17205584A EP 3495813 B1 EP3495813 B1 EP 3495813B1
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concentration
voc
voc concentration
human generated
eco
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EP3495813A1 (de
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Ronald Schreiber
Christian Meyer
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IDT Europe GmbH
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IDT Europe GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire

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  • the invention relates to a method to distinguish indoor VOC sources and to estimate human generated Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration.
  • Negative effects on human body are dizziness, weakness, dyspnea, unconsciousness up to death.
  • CO 2 is generated by humans, animals and plants by breathing on the one side; and on the other side it is generated by artificial sources like fire, carbonated drinks, etc.
  • CO 2 concentration can be measured with CO 2 sensitive sensors.
  • Known examples are spectroscopic sensors (NDIR), but these are expensive and large.
  • chemical sensors can be used, but these types of sensors often have a high drift and provide only a short lifetime.
  • US6,344,798 discloses a simulation model employing a temporal carbon dioxide rate of change calculation methodology which can differentiate between human and non-human CO2 sources in an indoor environment leading to proper decision making in relation to ventilation issues.
  • VOCs are known as Volatile Organic Compounds, whereas VOC is often used for a single gas. If there is a mixture of VOC gases the abbreviation TVOC will be used, which means total VOC. If someone comes into a meeting room and smells an uncomfortable smell of the exhausted air, this is often caused by the VOC contents.
  • VOC sensitive sensors like metal oxide gas sensors (MOX gas sensors), are used to measure VOC. These sensors can also be used to estimate the CO 2 concentration based on the assumption that CO 2 and VOC are generated in a proportional way. It should be noted that CO 2 is more common to most people than VOC. In order to distinguish between an estimated and a true CO 2 concentration, the name “eCO 2 " is used for the estimated CO 2 concentration.
  • MOX gas sensors metal oxide gas sensors
  • VOC sources which do not generate CO 2 in the same way as humans or animals, for instance deodorants, air freshener, white board cleaner, food preparation, etc. These examples only generate VOC and do not contribute to a CO 2 increase. Therefore, the assumption used for existing eCO 2 technology is not complete and eq. 1 will lead to large errors in the estimated CO 2 concentration. Also, linear low-pass filtering cannot suppress these VOC sources.
  • the accuracy of the estimation of CO 2 can be improved by exploiting the following boundary conditions: First, the CO 2 concentration in the earth's atmosphere is about 400ppm which means that an indoor concentration cannot be lower and hence can be seen as a natural lower concentration limit. Second, it is proved that concentrations above 5000ppm are extremely unlikely at home or indoors.
  • the object of the invention will be solved by a method in accordance with independent claim 1 to improve estimated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) concentration for indoor applications, comprising the following steps:
  • the method according to the invention further comprises comparing the measured change of the VOC concentration with a previous measurement. This makes it possible to determine the change in the VOC concentration.
  • both the human generated VOC concentration and the non-human generated VOC concentration is reduced by the same ratio x%.
  • x indicates the ratio the measured VOC concentration has changed in a pre-defined time interval. The idea is to recognize different artificial events from the time course of the measured VOC concentration. This is indicated by the ratio x in %, and to react accordingly. If the measured change of the VOC concentration is falling by more than x% a ventilation is detected and both the human generated VOC concentration and the non-human generated VOC concentration is reduced by the same factor/ratio as the measured VOC concentration has been fallen. Ventilation always reduces the human and non-human generated VOC.
  • the change of the VOC concentration is added to the non-human generated VOC concentration, otherwise the change of the VOC concentration is added to the human generated VOC concentration.
  • the first threshold is defined by the maximum VOC change rate humans can generate in the room. This depends on the size of the room and the number of humans in the room. Splitting the measured VOC concentration change into human and non-human generated VOC changes allows a better estimation of the human generated CO 2 .
  • the estimated CO 2 concentration can be improved by an improved calculation procedure.
  • eCO 2 concentration is below a lower limit (LL)
  • the natural concentration limit in the earth's atmosphere of CO 2 can be in the range of 300ppm and 600ppm, an average value could be 400ppm, therefore the lower limit (LL) is set to a value in the range of 300ppm and 600ppm as an indoor CO 2 concentration cannot be lower than 300ppm, but the tendency is rising.
  • the upper limit defines also an upper end of a measurement range required by the specific application, and is in the range of 3000ppm and 15000ppm, whereas a UL of 5000ppm can be seen as a maximum indoor CO 2 concentration.
  • the eCO 2 concentration is between the lower limit (LL) and the upper limit (UL), the eCO 2 concentration is reported as the true eCO 2 concentration according to the above-proposed improved calculation procedure.
  • the method is performed by a MOX sensor and an evaluation processing unit, whereas the MOX sensor measures the VOC concentration and the evaluation processing unit splits, accumulates, calculates and reports the eCO 2 concentration.
  • a smoothing filter is applied to the measured VOC concentration. This has the advantage to reduce the measurement noise.
  • Figure 1 shows the temporal characteristic of the CO 2 and VOC concentration indoors if a human enters the room. At first there is a constant CO 2 and VOC concentration inside the room. If a human enters the room than the concentrations of CO 2 and VOC will increase proportionally but in a very slow way. The slow rise in the CO 2 and VOC concentration indicates that the concentration change is generated by a human source.
  • Figure 2 shows the temporal characteristic of CO 2 and VOC concentration generated by non-human VOC sources. At first there is a constant CO 2 and VOC concentration inside the room. If the concentration of VOC rises suddenly and the CO 2 concentration remains unchanged this indicates that the fast VOC concentration change is caused by a non-human VOC source.
  • Figure 3 shows the temporal characteristic of CO 2 and VOC concentration, if ventilation happens. At first, a high level of CO 2 and VOC concentration is present. A fast decrease of both CO 2 and VOC concentrations indicate that ventilation is used in order to decrease the CO 2 and VOC concentrations simultaneously.
  • Figure 4 shows the temporal characteristic of CO 2 and VOC concentration for a real life scenario.
  • the lines at the top of the figure mark the duration of an object which stays in a room.
  • the objects examined in the figure are a first human, a second human and an artificial VOC source, as well as a ventilation event.
  • the diagrams show the process of the CO 2 concentration and the VOC concentration in that room. If non object, neither a human nor a non-human source is inside the room, a constant concentration of CO 2 and VOC will be detected in the room. If a first human enters the room the CO 2 as well as the VOC concentration will be increased slowly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Verbessern der geschätzten CO2-Konzentration (eCO2) für Innenraumanwendungen, das die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Beobachten einer zeitlichen Änderung einer VOC-Konzentration durch Messen einer aktuellen VOC-Konzentration und Vergleichen des Ergebnisses mit einer früheren VOC-Konzentration einer früheren Messung der VOC-Konzentration,
    - Aufteilen der Änderung der VOC-Konzentration in eine vom Menschen hervorgerufene Änderung der VOC-Konzentration und eine nicht vom Menschen hervorgerufene Änderung der VOC-Konzentration,
    - Akkumulieren der Änderung der vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration zu einer vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration, was zu einer gesamten vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration (humanVOC) führt,
    - Berechnen einer geschätzten CO2-Konzentration (eCO2) nur aus der gesamten vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration, wobei die geschätzte CO2-Konzentration ein Teil der gesamten vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration ist und die eCO2-Konzentration gemäß eCO 2 = b · humanVOC berechnet wird, wobei b das Verhältnis zwischen der vom Menschen hervorgerufenen CO2- und VOC-Konzentration ist, wobei die Messung durch einen VOC-empfindlichen Sensor durchgeführt wird und das Aufteilen, Akkumulieren und Berechnen durch eine Auswerteeinheit durchgeführt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei, wenn die gemessene Änderung der VOC-Konzentration um ein Verhältnis x % abnimmt, sowohl die vom Menschen hervorgerufene VOC-Konzentration als auch die nicht vom Menschen hervorgerufene VOC-Konzentration um dasselbe Verhältnis x % verringert werden.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei, wenn die gemessene Änderung der VOC-Konzentration um mehr als einen ersten Schwellenwert ansteigt, die Änderung der VOC-Konzentration zu der nicht vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration addiert wird, andernfalls wird die Änderung der VOC-Konzentration zu der vom Menschen hervorgerufenen VOC-Konzentration addiert.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei, wenn die eCO2-Konzentration unter einem unteren Grenzwert (LL) liegt, die vom Menschen hervorgerufene VOC-Konzentration an humanVOC = LL b
    Figure imgb0006
     angepasst und eCO2 = LL gemeldet wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei LL im Bereich von 300 ppm bis 600 ppm liegt.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei, wenn die eCO2-Konzentration über einem oberen Grenzwert (UL) liegt, die vom Menschen hervorgerufene VOC-Konzentration an humanVOC = UL b
    Figure imgb0007
     angepasst und eCO2 = UL gemeldet wird.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei UL ein oberes Ende eines für die Anwendung erforderlichen Messbereichs ist und im Bereich von 3000 ppm und 15000 ppm liegt.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei, wenn die eCO2-Konzentration zwischen dem unteren Grenzwert (LL) und dem oberen Grenzwert (UL) liegt, die eCO2-Konzentration gemeldet wird.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Glättungsfilter auf die gemessene VOC-Konzentration angewendet wird.
EP17205584.0A 2017-12-06 2017-12-06 Verfahren zur unterscheidung von voc-quellen in innenräumen und zur schätzung der durch menschen hervorgerufener co2-konzentration Active EP3495813B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17205584.0A EP3495813B1 (de) 2017-12-06 2017-12-06 Verfahren zur unterscheidung von voc-quellen in innenräumen und zur schätzung der durch menschen hervorgerufener co2-konzentration
PCT/EP2018/069997 WO2019110155A1 (en) 2017-12-06 2018-07-24 Method to distinguish indoor voc sources and to estimate human generated co2 concentration

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EP17205584.0A EP3495813B1 (de) 2017-12-06 2017-12-06 Verfahren zur unterscheidung von voc-quellen in innenräumen und zur schätzung der durch menschen hervorgerufener co2-konzentration

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US11813926B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-14 Denso International America, Inc. Binding agent and olfaction sensor
US11636870B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-04-25 Denso International America, Inc. Smoking cessation systems and methods
US11760170B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods
US11760169B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors
US11932080B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-03-19 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods
US11881093B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-01-23 Denso International America, Inc. Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles
US11828210B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-28 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction
JP7491467B2 (ja) 2021-09-21 2024-05-28 株式会社村田製作所 計測装置、計測方法、計測プログラム、および判定システム

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US6344798B1 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-02-05 Edwards Systems Technology, Inc. Using carbon dioxide to indicate oxygen depletion
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