EP3475638A1 - Method and facility for recovering thermal energy on a furnace with tubular side members and for converting same into electricity by means of a turbine producing the electricity by implementing a rankine cycle - Google Patents

Method and facility for recovering thermal energy on a furnace with tubular side members and for converting same into electricity by means of a turbine producing the electricity by implementing a rankine cycle

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Publication number
EP3475638A1
EP3475638A1 EP17731598.3A EP17731598A EP3475638A1 EP 3475638 A1 EP3475638 A1 EP 3475638A1 EP 17731598 A EP17731598 A EP 17731598A EP 3475638 A1 EP3475638 A1 EP 3475638A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
organic fluid
heat
organic
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17731598.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3475638B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Giraud
Aurélie GONZALEZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives Stein SA
Original Assignee
Fives Stein SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fives Stein SA filed Critical Fives Stein SA
Publication of EP3475638A1 publication Critical patent/EP3475638A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3475638B1 publication Critical patent/EP3475638B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F27B9/10—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated heated by hot air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F27D2017/006—Systems for reclaiming waste heat using a boiler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat energy recovery from tubular string furnaces and its conversion into electricity by means of a cycle-expansion turbine using a fluid other than water vapor.
  • the invention relates in particular to steel reheating furnaces intended to heat products, especially slabs, blooms, blanks or billets, operating at a temperature suitable for their hot rolling, and particularly mobile beam kilns.
  • a reheating furnace makes it possible to carry the products at high temperatures, for example at a temperature of about 1200 ° C. for a carbon steel.
  • Oven heating is commonly done by burners fed with preheated air and fuel and operating in a slight excess of air.
  • EP0971 192 discloses an example of a sparer furnace equipped with fixed spars, and movable spars.
  • the products are deposited on longitudinal members and are heated by burners arranged above and below the products.
  • the spars consist of cooled andirons and keels.
  • the movable spars allow the products to be transported in the furnace by following a cycle comprising a first phase of climbing by the mobile spars, from an initial position, which makes it possible to lift the products.
  • the first phase is followed by a second phase of horizontal transport by the mobile spars and a third phase of removal of the products on the fixed spars.
  • the products are thus moved one step on the fixed spars before the fourth phase back of the movable spars in their initial position.
  • the andirons of fixed spars are carried by pins integral with the hearth of the furnace.
  • the andirons of the movable spars are carried by pins passing through the hearth of the oven and fixed, under the oven, on a translation frame.
  • the translation chassis is based on a mechanism that ensures a rectangular cycle by the horizontal and vertical movement of the frame assembly, bowling and andirons of the movable spars.
  • the structure of the spars is made by tubes or hollow profiles which are cooled by circulating heat transfer fluid, which is traditionally water at low temperature and low pressure, for example at 55 ° C and 5 bar.
  • the quantity of energy removed per unit of time by the heat transfer fluid is important in order to limit the temperature and to have sufficient mechanical strength of the structure of the side members.
  • the evacuated power is for example 10 MW th for a furnace of one capacity of 450 t / h.
  • the hot water recovered at the outlet of the side members can then be used in the plant, for example for a sanitary use, the heating of buildings, or processes for which relatively low temperatures are required.
  • the cooling of the structure of the side members by a saturated water and steam mixture is advantageous, in particular because it makes it possible to ensure the operation of the structure of the side members at a stable temperature. Indeed, the change of state of the liquid phase to the vapor phase being at a substantially constant temperature, the exit temperature of the cooling fluid of the longitudinal members is constant, whatever the operating speed of the furnace, only the amount of water passing in evolving vapor phase.
  • the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is, for example, 215 ° C. for a fluid pressure of 21 bars absolute.
  • a heat recovery unit is traditionally arranged in a flue of combustion fumes from the furnace. It allows energy recovery on these fumes by preheating the combustion air of the burners and sometimes the fuel. Downstream of this recuperator, the flue gas temperature is still relatively high, for example 300 ° C. It is known to add other heat exchangers, or a recovery boiler, into flues to further exhaust the fumes. In the case where the cooling of the structure of the side members is achieved by superheated water with steam production, it may for example be a superheated water saver or a superheater steam.
  • Steel reheating furnaces operate continuously and have large production capacities, for example 450 t / h. Their operating regime varies frequently, in particular according to the nature and temperature of the products put in the oven and the timing of the oven. As a result, the volume of combustion fumes also varies frequently, this being substantially proportional to the hourly tonnage of the products heated in the oven. The changes in the flue gas flow are also accompanied by a temperature variation of said fumes. These fluctuations on the temperature of the fumes lead to a significant variation in the performance of the exchangers arranged in flues or recovery boilers. At reduced tonnage, the flue gas temperature no longer makes it possible to use the residual energy of the fumes as steam.
  • the products to be heated in the oven must always be heated to the rolling temperature, and this being relatively constant, the temperature of the oven walls varies little.
  • the thermal losses by the beams fluctuate little, the generation of steam by a cooling system of the structure of the side members is less dependent on the hourly tonnage of the furnace.
  • the thermal energies contained in the fumes and the cooling fluid of the side members each represent approximately 10 MW th on a furnace of
  • KR20140036363 describes a solution for energy recovery on a steel reheating furnace making it possible to evaluate the energy losses of the furnace contained in the fumes and in the cooling system of the side members, by exploiting them in a common electricity production installation , while avoiding the problems of variability of these. It implements a power generation facility by a Rankine thermodynamic cycle using an organic fluid as a working fluid.
  • An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) machine for the English acronym Organic Rankine Cycle allows the conversion of medium and low temperature heat into electricity through the use of an organic working fluid. density higher than that of water.
  • ORC machine the working fluid in the liquid state is compressed and vaporized.
  • the organic fluid vapor is then expanded before being condensed.
  • the machine comprises in particular an evaporator, an expansion turbine, a condenser and a booster pump.
  • the expansion turbine is for example of radial or axial type, with one or two stages, the rotation of which drives an alternator which produces electricity.
  • the organic fluid has a low boiling temperature, for example less than 50 ° C at atmospheric pressure, and is of wetting type, that is to say that it is not necessary to superheat the steam of this type. Fluid after evaporation to avoid creating droplets in the turbine during relaxation. This type of fluid can thus, despite a low temperature of the hot source, extract a maximum of work in the turbine and thus have a better performance than a steam cycle at low temperatures, for example. example below 350 ° C.
  • thermodynamic machine that is to say the ratio between available thermal energy and net electricity produced.
  • the calories needed to vaporize the organic fluid of the ORC machine are provided by the energy recovered on the heating furnace, partly on the cooling fluid of the side members and partly on the combustion fumes.
  • the cooling fluid of andirons and keels is a mixture of molten salts.
  • This mixture is for example composed, by mass, of 52% of KNO 3 , 18% of NaNO 3 and 30% of LiNO 3 .
  • the installation comprises a recirculation loop 40 with additional equipment which makes the installation more expensive and relatively complex to exploit compared to a solution in which the cooling fluid is water or a water / steam mixture. Calories of the molten salts are transmitted to the organic fluid of the ORC by means of an exchanger 21.
  • this solution does not make it possible to modulate the heat input of the molten salts to the organic fluid of the ORC. If the ORC is stopped, the continuous intake of calories by the molten salts can lead to a very significant rise in the temperature of the organic fluid, hence a risk for the installation.
  • KR20140036363 describes a solution in which part of the fumes exchanges heat directly with the organic fluid of the ORC by means of an exchanger 51. In case of deterioration of this exchanger, there is a risk of fire if the organic fluid of the ORC comes in contact with the fumes.
  • the state of the art therefore does not allow a double energy recovery on the fumes of the reheating furnace and on the cooling fluid of andirons and keels under conditions allowing optimum energy performance, a flexibility of regulation of the operation of the ORC and safe operating conditions.
  • a method of energy recovery by an energy recovery facility adapted to be connected to at least one longitudinal heating furnace equipped with burners, said furnace reheating apparatus comprising a cooling circuit of said spars, in which water circulates, the latter being in the liquid state at the inlet of the spars and in the liquid / vapor mixing state at the outlet of the spars, said mixture being separated downstream of the spars into liquid water on one side and steam on the other side, the steam yielding directly or indirectly calories to a first intermediate recirculation loop, and further a recovery system of energy to absorb a portion of the calories of the smoke circuit discharged by the oven, said calories being transferred to a second intermediate recirculation loop, said first and second intermediate recirculation loops yielding directly or indirectly calories to an organic fluid loop arranged to feed a turbine producing electricity by implementing a cycle Organic Rankine.
  • the condensation of the vapors in the exchanger allows a significant transfer of calories between the vapor and the organic fluid of the ORC. .
  • the calories coming from the steam and those coming from the flue gas circuit are indirectly transferred to the organic fluid of the ORC, via a first intermediate recirculation loop arranged between a circuit comprising the vapor and the organic fluid, respectively via a second intermediate recirculation loop disposed between the smoke circuit and the organic fluid.
  • the steam circuit is isolated from the organic fluid by at least two devices, for example two exchangers.
  • the flue gas circuit is isolated from the organic fluid by at least two devices, for example two exchangers.
  • the calories from the steam are first transferred to a first intermediate recirculation loop before being transferred to the organic fluid used in the Rankine cycle.
  • the vapor has a very high pressure compared to that of the organic fluid, there is no significant risk of explosion if the exchanger pierces, even if the organic fluid of the ORC is very often a hydrocarbon or a flammable refrigerant, because the vapor can not come into contact with said organic fluid.
  • the calories from the fumes are first transferred to a second intermediate recirculation loop before being transferred to the organic fluid used in the Rankine cycle. Also, there is no possible exchange between the organic fluid used in the Rankine cycle and the fumes, which avoids a risk of fire that is present in the prior art.
  • the method according to the invention thus has more security than that according to the prior art.
  • the combination of the two energy sources from the fumes and the cooling system can stabilize the energy input supplied to the ORC machine.
  • the combination of the two energy sources from the fumes and the cooling system can make the ORC machine work more often in its optimum operating range.
  • a reheat furnace is sized for a nominal production capacity corresponding to the heating of a number of tons per hour of a reference product from an initial temperature to a dewatering temperature. By experience, in operation, the oven operates on average at about 70% of its rated capacity.
  • an ORC machine operates correctly over a wide range of variations of the heat source, the incoming thermal power generally being able to vary between 30% and 100%.
  • the maximum efficiency of the ORC machine is obtained for the maximum design power and decreases with the incoming thermal power.
  • An ORC machine must be stopped when the supply of calories to the organic fluid of the ORC machine is below a minimum threshold generally between 20 and 30% of the maximum capacity allowed by the ORC machine.
  • the invention makes it possible, thanks to the stability and the capacity of the heat source coming from the cooling system of the side members, to never be less than 30% of the thermal load.
  • the ORC machine is always in operation, except when the installation is stopped, and does not require complex regulation.
  • an energy recovery installation capable of being connected to at least one longitudinal heating furnace equipped with burners, said heating furnace comprising a cooling circuit of said longitudinal members, in which circulates water, the latter being in the liquid state at the inlet of the side members and in the liquid / vapor mixing state at the outlet of the side members, said mixture being separated downstream of the side members in liquid water on one side and steam on the other, said installation comprising a turbine arranged to produce electricity by the implementation of a Rankine cycle on an organic fluid, said installation further comprising at least exchangers of heat functionally arranged in order to transfer to said organic fluid, at least a portion of the calories contained in combustion fumes of the burners, via a coolant, and at least a portion of the calories contained in the vapor, via a heat transfer fluid.
  • At least one reheating furnace may comprise a heat exchanger which is arranged in a combustion flue of said at least one reheating furnace to collect calories from said combustion fumes and transmit them to the coolant circulating in said heat exchanger.
  • the exchanger placed in the flue gas discharge according to the invention may optionally be disposed downstream in the flue gas flow direction of other energy recovery equipment on the flue gases.
  • Other energy recovery equipment may be, for example, a recuperator preheating burner combustion air.
  • the installation comprises a first heat exchanger functionally arranged so as to directly or indirectly transfer the energy of the vapor to an intermediate heat transfer fluid, and a second heat exchanger disposed of transferring heat energy from said heat transfer medium fluid to the organic fluid of the ORC machine.
  • the heat transfer medium fluid may be an organic fluid in the liquid state, under the conditions of its use, for example a thermal oil.
  • the intermediate coolant fluid is non-flammable at the temperature at which it is used, its ignition temperature being substantially higher than that of the organic fluid of the ORC.
  • This configuration makes it possible to improve the robustness of the equipment by limiting the sudden variations in exchange temperatures with the organic fluid of the ORC in case of stopping of the furnace thanks to the energy storage capacity of the mass. intermediate fluid. It also makes it possible to improve the safety of the exchange system with the heat exchanger from the steam by locally controlling the behavior of this exchange without disturbing the loop supplying the ORC exchanger.
  • the steam being at a pressure substantially higher than that of the intermediate fluid (approximately 20 bar on the steam side for approximately 4 to 7 bars on the intermediate fluid side), in the event of the exchanger being pierced, the fluid flow would be of the steam circuit. towards the intermediate fluid circuit thus avoiding that the intermediate fluid is spread in the andirons and bowling.
  • an additional intermediate loop can be added between the steam and the intermediate fluid described above.
  • a regulation of the supply of calories to the ORC machine can be carried out on the flue gas circuit, by means of a partial bypass of the exhaust gas combustion exchanger placed in the flue or a dilution of the fumes with cold air to lower the temperature. Due to the dimensioning of the ORC for an operation of the furnace at 70% of its nominal capacity, if the heat input to the ORC machine becomes too high, a part of the fumes circumvents the heat exchanger of the exhaust system. combustion or the fumes will be diluted without interfering with the operation of the oven.
  • the coolant used to collect calories from combustion fumes and the one used indirectly to collect calories from andirons and keels can be of the same nature, but this method also allows the use of heat transfer fluids of different properties. This can optimize the recovery of energy with fluids used at different temperature levels and enhance the safety of the installation by choosing fluids minimizing the risk of fire or explosion if contact between smoke or steam and these fluids.
  • the addition of energy storage on the intermediate circuits makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the assembly without disturbing the main exchange circuit towards the ORC.
  • the operation of the cooling circuit of the longitudinal members may not be modified by the presence of the ORC machine.
  • the control of the installation can thus be simplified.
  • the heat output transmitted to a thermal fluid used in the flue gas exhaustion circuit may be directly determined by the temperature rise of said fluid in a heat exchanger of the combustion flue exhaust system.
  • a flue gas baffle placed on the flue gas circuit can prevent heating of the thermal fluid used in the flue gas exhaust circuit.
  • Another method is to use a heat transfer fluid operating at higher temperature on the intermediate loop and / or to reduce the flue gas temperature diluents, for example with an air inlet upstream of the collector placed on the flue gas. Air coolers can also be placed on the superheated water / steam circuit so as to evacuate calories from the side members.
  • the ORC machine is sized according to the average operating speed of the reheating furnace and not according to the nominal capacity of the furnace. This has a double advantage: the ORC machine being smaller, the amount of the investment can be reduced, and the ORC machine can operate a maximum of time on an optimal point (maximum yield) thus producing a maximum of electricity for a faster return on investment.
  • the plant according to the invention may further comprise another heat exchanger functionally arranged so as to transfer thermal energy from at least one other source to the organic fluid.
  • a longitudinal heating furnace equipped with burners characterized in that it is equipped with an energy recovery installation according to the invention, said energy installation being connected to said furnace.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents an installation according to a first embodiment in which the organic fluid of the ORC machine is preheated in series by the recovery of energy on the two sources, steam and fumes,
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents an installation according to a second embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which the organic fluid of the ORC machine is preheated in a single step, after the upstream addition of the two steam and smoke sources.
  • FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents an installation according to a third embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2 in which an additional intermediate circuit is added on the steam side, and
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows an installation according to a fourth embodiment in which organic fluids collecting the calories from the side members and combustion fumes are mixed upstream of the ORC machine and the energy is recovered in parallel.
  • Products 1 are continuously heated in a furnace 2 heating tubular spars.
  • the movement and maintenance of the products in the oven are provided by fixed spars and movable spars.
  • the longitudinal members comprise andirons 3a and 3b keels in which circulates a cooling fluid.
  • Burners 5 provide heating of furnace 2 and products 1. Combustion fumes from the burners 5 are discharged from the furnace by a flue gas flue 6.
  • the cooling fluid is, for example, superheated water at a temperature of 215 ° C and a pressure of 21 bar absolute. During its flow in the side members, the superheated water is partially transformed into saturated steam 4. At the exit of the side members, the cooling fluid is composed of a mixture of superheated water and saturated steam 4. A balloon 7 allows the separation of water in the liquid state and saturated steam 4.
  • the installation comprises an ORC machine implementing a Rankine cycle on an organic fluid 21 circulating in a circuit 13.
  • the installation comprises an intermediate recirculation loop 16 disposed between the steam circuit and the circuit 13 of the ORC machine.
  • An intermediate fluid coolant 17 circulates in the intermediate recirculation loop 16, preferably organic, maintained in the liquid state.
  • the intermediate recirculation loop 16 comprises in particular two heat exchangers 8 and 18 and a circulation pump, not shown.
  • the saturated steam 4 gives calories to the intermediate coolant fluid 17 by means of the exchanger 18 in which it condenses, then the intermediate heat-transfer fluid 17 in turn gives up calories to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine by means of the exchanger 8.
  • the addition of the intermediate recirculation loop 16 can enhance the safety of the installation and use thermal fluids of different properties.
  • the intermediate heat transfer fluid 17 may have a greater compatibility with the vapor than the organic fluid 21 of the ORC thus limiting the risk of fire or explosion.
  • a heat exchanger 9 may be arranged in the flue gas flue 6, possibly downstream, in the flue gas flow direction, with respect to other energy recovery equipment on the flue gases, for example a preheating recuperator. burner combustion air.
  • the heat exchanger 9 may be supplied with a heat transfer fluid 10, preferably organic in the liquid state, circulating in a recirculation loop January 1.
  • the heat transfer fluid 10 may be of the same nature as the intermediate heat transfer fluid 17, steam side, but it may also be of a different nature.
  • the fumes yield part of their heat to the coolant 10 in the heat exchanger 9.
  • a second heat exchanger 12 is disposed on the recirculation loop 1 January. The second heat exchanger 12 allows the transfer of the calories captured by the heat transfer fluid 10 to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine.
  • the organic fluid 21 circulates in the ORC machine in the recirculation loop 13 including in particular, successively in the direction of the flow of the fluid, the heat exchangers 8 and 12, an expansion turbine 14, a condensation exchanger 15 organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine and a booster pump 24.
  • the heat energy transferred to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine in the heat exchangers 8 and 12 can carry it in the vapor phase.
  • the expansion of the steam rotates the expansion turbine 14 which is coupled to an alternator that produces electricity.
  • the exchanger 15 makes it possible to condense the organic fluid 21, before it is returned to the heat exchangers 8 and 12 to undergo a new Rankine cycle.
  • the organic fluid 21 gives up calories in the exchanger 15 to a heat transfer fluid flowing in a circuit 22.
  • a set of registers 23 makes it possible to bypass the heat exchanger 9, by all or part of the combustion fumes.
  • a heat exchanger 25 makes it possible to capture calories from a fluid 26 available on the site and to transmit them to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine.
  • the installation according to the invention thus makes it possible to also valorise one or more other heat sources for increased overall performance of the industrial site on which it is installed.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the smoke calories are supplied to the intermediate fluid 17 and not directly to the fluid 21 of the ORC. Likewise, the complementary supply of calories of the fluid 26 is made to the intermediate fluid 17 and not directly to the fluid 21 of the ORC.
  • This configuration allows a simplified control of the ORC, and increases its safety, with a single heat exchanger in which all the heat gains to the fluid 21 and its vaporization is achieved.
  • FIG 3 schematically represents another embodiment of the invention in which an intermediate loop 30 is added on the vapor side in which circulates a coolant 31.
  • the steam 4 transfers heat to the coolant 31 by condensing in the exchanger 18, then the heat transfer fluid 31 in turn gives these calories to the heat transfer fluid 17 by means of a heat exchanger 32.
  • This configuration makes it possible to reinforce the safety of the installation, and the flexibility of its regulation, the technology of the heat exchangers 8, 18, 31 and the nature of the heat transfer fluids 31, 17, 21 being chosen so as to have proven technologies on the exchangers and to limit the risks fire or explosion in case of contact between the fluids following the drilling of the exchangers.
  • FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents another variant embodiment of the invention in which a mixture is produced between a part of the coolant 10 circulating in the recirculation loop 1 1 and a portion of the intermediate heat-transfer fluid 17, preferably organic, flowing in the recirculation loop 16, the fluids 10 and 17 being of the same nature.
  • This mixture for example made by means of three-way valves 20, is then led to a heat exchanger 19 in which it transfers calories to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine.
  • the fluid mixture is again distributed between the two recirculation loops 1 1 and 16, for example by means of three-way valves.
  • the amount of energy available on the fumes and the cooling fluid of the side members is generally of the same order of magnitude, for example 10 MW th on the fumes and the side members for a furnace with a capacity of 450 t / h.
  • the temperature of the saturated vapor 4 being substantially constant, for example 215 ° C for a pressure of 21 bar absolute, the heat exchange with the intermediate heat transfer fluid 17 of the recirculation loop 16 is always optimum.
  • the flue gas temperature can vary, for example from 300 ° C, for a maximum capacity of the oven, to 280 ° C for 70% of its capacity.
  • the heat exchange with the coolant 10 of the recirculation loop 1 1 is variable and the operating conditions of the common fluid of the loop 20 entering the ORC machine can vary, in the case of a thermal oil, of 225 ° C to 215 ° C temperature and 70 kg / s to 50 kg / s flow respectively according to the two cases of operation described above.
  • the organic fluid 21 of the best adapted ORC machine is pentane, which is carried upstream of the expansion turbine 14 at a temperature for example between 135 ° C and 160 ° C respectively according to two cases of operation, so that the net power delivered by the ORC machine is maximum, respectively
  • the energy recovery installation makes it possible to collect calories from at least two furnaces.
  • a heat exchanger 9 may be disposed in the flue gas flue of each furnace or a single furnace.
  • calories can be recovered from the steam from the stringers of both ovens or from one.
  • the invention makes it possible to recover energy efficiently from the thermal losses of the furnace by the combustion fumes and the side members, thanks to a dimensioning of the ORC machine which is well adapted to the operating speed of the furnace and a the operating stability of the latter resulting from the combination of two heat sources.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

Method and facility for recovering energy, installed on a heating furnace (2) with tubular side members and fitted with burners, comprising a turbine (14) producing electricity by implementing a Rankine cycle on an organic fluid (21) using heat coming in part from the fluid used for cooling the tubular side members by means of a first intermediate circuit, and in part from flue gases from the burners by means of a second intermediate circuit.

Description

PROCEDE ET INSTALLATION DE RECUPERATION D'ENERGIE CALORIFIQUE SUR UN FOUR A LONGERONS TUBULAIRES ET DE CONVERSION DE CELLE-CI EN ELECTRICITE AU MOYEN D'UNE TURBINE PRODUISANT DE L'ELECTRICITE PAR LA MISE EN OEUVRE  METHOD AND INSTALLATION OF RECOVERY OF CALORIFIC ENERGY ON A TUBULAR LONGERON FURNACE AND CONVERTING IT TO ELECTRICITY BY MEANS OF A TURBINE PRODUCING ELECTRICITY BY THE IMPLEMENTATION
D'UN CYCLE DE RANKINE  OF A CYCLE OF RANKINE
L'invention concerne le domaine de la récupération d'énergie calorifique provenant de fours à longerons tubulaires et sa conversion en électricité au moyen d'une turbine à cycle de détente utilisant un autre fluide que la vapeur d'eau. The invention relates to the field of heat energy recovery from tubular string furnaces and its conversion into electricity by means of a cycle-expansion turbine using a fluid other than water vapor.
L'invention concerne notamment les fours de réchauffage sidérurgiques destinés à réchauffer des produits, notamment des brames, des blooms, des ébauches ou des billettes, fonctionnant à une température adéquate pour leur laminage à chaud, et tout particulièrement les fours à longerons mobiles. Un four de réchauffage permet de porter les produits à des températures élevées, par exemple à une température d'environ 1200 °C pour un acier au carbone. Le chauffage du four est communément réalisé par des brûleurs alimentés en air préchauffé et en combustible et fonctionnant en léger excès d'air.  The invention relates in particular to steel reheating furnaces intended to heat products, especially slabs, blooms, blanks or billets, operating at a temperature suitable for their hot rolling, and particularly mobile beam kilns. A reheating furnace makes it possible to carry the products at high temperatures, for example at a temperature of about 1200 ° C. for a carbon steel. Oven heating is commonly done by burners fed with preheated air and fuel and operating in a slight excess of air.
EP0971 192 décrit un exemple de four à longerons équipé de longerons fixes, et de longerons mobiles. Les produits sont déposés sur des longerons et sont chauffés par des brûleurs disposés au-dessus et en dessous des produits. Les longerons sont constitués de chenets et quilles refroidis. Les longerons mobiles permettent le transport des produits dans le four en suivant un cycle comportant une première phase de montée par les longerons mobiles, depuis une position initiale, qui permet de soulever les produits. La première phase est suivie d'une deuxième phase de transport horizontal par les longerons mobiles puis d'une troisième phase de dépose des produits sur les longerons fixes. Les produits sont ainsi déplacés d'un pas sur les longerons fixes avant la quatrième phase de retour en arrière des longerons mobiles dans leur position initiale. Les chenets des longerons fixes sont portés par des quilles solidaires de la sole du four. Les chenets des longerons mobiles sont portés par des quilles traversant la sole du four et fixés, sous le four, sur un châssis de translation. Le châssis de translation repose sur une mécanique qui assure un cycle rectangulaire par le déplacement horizontal et vertical de l'ensemble châssis, quilles et chenets des longerons mobiles.  EP0971 192 discloses an example of a sparer furnace equipped with fixed spars, and movable spars. The products are deposited on longitudinal members and are heated by burners arranged above and below the products. The spars consist of cooled andirons and keels. The movable spars allow the products to be transported in the furnace by following a cycle comprising a first phase of climbing by the mobile spars, from an initial position, which makes it possible to lift the products. The first phase is followed by a second phase of horizontal transport by the mobile spars and a third phase of removal of the products on the fixed spars. The products are thus moved one step on the fixed spars before the fourth phase back of the movable spars in their initial position. The andirons of fixed spars are carried by pins integral with the hearth of the furnace. The andirons of the movable spars are carried by pins passing through the hearth of the oven and fixed, under the oven, on a translation frame. The translation chassis is based on a mechanism that ensures a rectangular cycle by the horizontal and vertical movement of the frame assembly, bowling and andirons of the movable spars.
La structure des longerons est réalisée par des tubes ou des profilés creux qui sont refroidis par un fluide caloporteur en circulation, qui est traditionnellement de l'eau à basse température et basse pression, par exemple 30 à 55 °C et 5 bars. La quantité d'énergie évacuée par unité de temps par le fluide caloporteur est importante afin de limiter la température et d'avoir une résistance mécanique suffisante de la structure des longerons. La puissance évacuée est par exemple de 10 MWth pour un four d'une capacité de 450 t/h. L'eau chaude récupérée en sortie des longerons peut alors être utilisée dans l'usine, par exemple pour un usage sanitaire, le chauffage de bâtiments, ou des procédés pour lesquels des températures relativement basses sont nécessaires. Il est connu que l'on peut remplacer l'eau à basse température et basse pression refroidissant les longerons par de l'eau surchauffée à haute pression, laquelle se transforme partiellement en vapeur saturée dans les chenets. La vapeur obtenue peut être utilisée dans l'usine pour différents besoins. Le refroidissement de la structure des longerons par un mélange eau et vapeur saturée est avantageux, notamment car il permet d'assurer le fonctionnement de la structure des longerons à une température stable. En effet, le changement d'état de la phase liquide à la phase vapeur se faisant à une température sensiblement constante, la température de sortie du fluide de refroidissement des longerons est constante, quel que soit le régime de fonctionnement du four, seule la quantité d'eau passant en phase vapeur évoluant. La température de sortie du fluide de refroidissement est, par exemple, de 215 °C pour une pression du fluide de 21 bars absolus. The structure of the spars is made by tubes or hollow profiles which are cooled by circulating heat transfer fluid, which is traditionally water at low temperature and low pressure, for example at 55 ° C and 5 bar. The quantity of energy removed per unit of time by the heat transfer fluid is important in order to limit the temperature and to have sufficient mechanical strength of the structure of the side members. The evacuated power is for example 10 MW th for a furnace of one capacity of 450 t / h. The hot water recovered at the outlet of the side members can then be used in the plant, for example for a sanitary use, the heating of buildings, or processes for which relatively low temperatures are required. It is known that it is possible to replace the low-temperature and low-pressure water cooling the side members with superheated water at high pressure, which partially transforms into saturated steam in the andirons. The resulting steam can be used in the plant for different needs. The cooling of the structure of the side members by a saturated water and steam mixture is advantageous, in particular because it makes it possible to ensure the operation of the structure of the side members at a stable temperature. Indeed, the change of state of the liquid phase to the vapor phase being at a substantially constant temperature, the exit temperature of the cooling fluid of the longitudinal members is constant, whatever the operating speed of the furnace, only the amount of water passing in evolving vapor phase. The outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is, for example, 215 ° C. for a fluid pressure of 21 bars absolute.
Un récupérateur de chaleur est traditionnellement disposé dans un carneau de fumées de combustion du four. Il permet une récupération d'énergie sur ces fumées par le préchauffage de l'air de combustion des brûleurs et parfois du combustible. En aval de ce récupérateur, la température des fumées est encore relativement élevée, par exemple de 300 °C. Il est connu d'ajouter d'autres échangeurs de chaleur, ou une chaudière de récupération, dans des carneaux pour épuiser davantage les fumées. Dans le cas où le refroidissement de la structure des longerons est réalisé par de l'eau surchauffée avec production de vapeur, il peut par exemple s'agir d'un économiseur d'eau surchauffée ou d'un surchauffeur de vapeur.  A heat recovery unit is traditionally arranged in a flue of combustion fumes from the furnace. It allows energy recovery on these fumes by preheating the combustion air of the burners and sometimes the fuel. Downstream of this recuperator, the flue gas temperature is still relatively high, for example 300 ° C. It is known to add other heat exchangers, or a recovery boiler, into flues to further exhaust the fumes. In the case where the cooling of the structure of the side members is achieved by superheated water with steam production, it may for example be a superheated water saver or a superheater steam.
Les fours de réchauffage sidérurgiques fonctionnent en continu et ont des capacités de production importantes, par exemple de 450 t/h. Leur régime de fonctionnement varie fréquemment, notamment selon la nature et la température des produits enfournés et le cadencement du four. Il en résulte que le volume des fumées de combustion varie également fréquemment, celui-ci étant sensiblement proportionnel au tonnage horaire des produits réchauffés dans le four. Les changements du débit de fumées s'accompagnent également d'une variation de température desdites fumées. Ces fluctuations sur la température des fumées conduisent à une variation importante des performances des échangeurs disposés dans des carneaux ou des chaudières de récupération. A tonnage réduit, la température des fumées ne permet plus de valoriser l'énergie résiduelle des fumées en vapeur.  Steel reheating furnaces operate continuously and have large production capacities, for example 450 t / h. Their operating regime varies frequently, in particular according to the nature and temperature of the products put in the oven and the timing of the oven. As a result, the volume of combustion fumes also varies frequently, this being substantially proportional to the hourly tonnage of the products heated in the oven. The changes in the flue gas flow are also accompanied by a temperature variation of said fumes. These fluctuations on the temperature of the fumes lead to a significant variation in the performance of the exchangers arranged in flues or recovery boilers. At reduced tonnage, the flue gas temperature no longer makes it possible to use the residual energy of the fumes as steam.
Les produits à réchauffer dans le four devant toujours être chauffés à la température de laminage, et celle-ci étant relativement constante, la température des parois du four varie peu. Les pertes thermiques par les longerons fluctuant peu, la génération de vapeur par un système de refroidissement de la structure des longerons est moins dépendante du tonnage horaire du four. The products to be heated in the oven must always be heated to the rolling temperature, and this being relatively constant, the temperature of the oven walls varies little. The thermal losses by the beams fluctuate little, the generation of steam by a cooling system of the structure of the side members is less dependent on the hourly tonnage of the furnace.
Les énergies thermiques contenues dans les fumées et le fluide de refroidissement des longerons représentent chacune environ 10 MWth sur un four deThe thermal energies contained in the fumes and the cooling fluid of the side members each represent approximately 10 MW th on a furnace of
450 t/h avec des températures respectivement de l'ordre de 300 °C et 200° C. L'utilisation d'un cycle eau-vapeur pour la production d'électricité à partir de ces énergies est difficile à mettre en œuvre et n'est pas économiquement rentable avec ces niveaux de températures et de puissance thermique, ainsi que ces amplitudes de variations de puissance. 450 t / h with temperatures respectively of 300 ° C and 200 ° C. The use of a water-steam cycle for the production of electricity from these energies is difficult to implement and n It is not economically profitable with these temperature and thermal power levels, as well as these amplitudes of power variations.
KR20140036363 décrit une solution de récupération d'énergie sur un four de réchauffage sidérurgique permettant de valoriser les pertes énergétiques du four contenues dans les fumées et dans le système de refroidissement des longerons, en exploitant celles-ci dans une installation commune de production d'électricité, tout en s'affranchissant des problématiques de variabilités de celles-ci. Elle met en œuvre une installation de génération d'électricité par un cycle thermodynamique de Rankine utilisant un fluide organique comme fluide de travail. Une machine à cycle organique de Rankine, dites « ORC » pour l'acronyme des termes anglais Organic Rankine Cycle, permet de convertir de la chaleur de moyenne ou basse température en électricité, grâce à l'utilisation d'un fluide de travail organique de densité supérieure à celle de l'eau. Dans la machine ORC, le fluide de travail à l'état liquide est comprimé puis vaporisé. La vapeur de fluide organique est ensuite détendue avant d'être condensée. La machine comprend notamment un évaporateur, une turbine de détente, un condenseur et une pompe de surpression. La turbine de détente est par exemple de type radial ou axial, avec un ou deux étages, dont la rotation entraîne un alternateur qui produit l'électricité.  KR20140036363 describes a solution for energy recovery on a steel reheating furnace making it possible to evaluate the energy losses of the furnace contained in the fumes and in the cooling system of the side members, by exploiting them in a common electricity production installation , while avoiding the problems of variability of these. It implements a power generation facility by a Rankine thermodynamic cycle using an organic fluid as a working fluid. An Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) machine for the English acronym Organic Rankine Cycle allows the conversion of medium and low temperature heat into electricity through the use of an organic working fluid. density higher than that of water. In the ORC machine, the working fluid in the liquid state is compressed and vaporized. The organic fluid vapor is then expanded before being condensed. The machine comprises in particular an evaporator, an expansion turbine, a condenser and a booster pump. The expansion turbine is for example of radial or axial type, with one or two stages, the rotation of which drives an alternator which produces electricity.
Le fluide organique a une faible température d'ébullition, par exemple inférieure à 50 °C à la pression atmosphérique, et est de type mouillant, c'est-à-dire qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de surchauffer la vapeur de ce fluide après évaporation pour éviter de créer des gouttelettes dans la turbine lors de la détente. Ce type de fluide peut ainsi permettre, malgré une faible température de la source chaude, d'extraire un maximum de travail dans la turbine et ainsi d'avoir un meilleur rendement qu'un cycle à vapeur d'eau à des températures faible, par exemple inférieures à 350 °C.  The organic fluid has a low boiling temperature, for example less than 50 ° C at atmospheric pressure, and is of wetting type, that is to say that it is not necessary to superheat the steam of this type. fluid after evaporation to avoid creating droplets in the turbine during relaxation. This type of fluid can thus, despite a low temperature of the hot source, extract a maximum of work in the turbine and thus have a better performance than a steam cycle at low temperatures, for example. example below 350 ° C.
Ainsi le choix de la technologie ORC, parmi les différents cycles thermodynamiques permettant de produire de l'électricité, permet d'obtenir un meilleur rendement de machine thermodynamique, c'est-à-dire le rapport entre énergie thermique disponible et électricité nette produite. Les calories nécessaires à la vaporisation du fluide organique de la machine ORC sont apportées par l'énergie récupérée sur le four de réchauffage, en partie sur le fluide de refroidissement des longerons et en partie sur les fumées de combustion. Thus the choice of the ORC technology, among the various thermodynamic cycles for producing electricity, provides a better performance of thermodynamic machine, that is to say the ratio between available thermal energy and net electricity produced. The calories needed to vaporize the organic fluid of the ORC machine are provided by the energy recovered on the heating furnace, partly on the cooling fluid of the side members and partly on the combustion fumes.
Dans la solution divulguée par KR20140036363, le fluide de refroidissement des chenets et quilles est un mélange de sels fondus. Ce mélange est par exemple composé, en masse, de 52 % de KN03, 18 % de NaN03 et 30 % de LiN03. Pour maintenir ces sels fondus dans la plage de températures requises pour un bon fonctionnement du four, et notamment pour leur maintien en phase liquide, l'installation comprend une boucle de recirculation 40 avec des équipements complémentaires ce qui rend l'installation plus coûteuse et relativement complexe à exploiter par rapport à une solution dans laquelle le fluide de refroidissement est de l'eau ou un mélange eau/vapeur. Des calories des sels fondus sont transmises au fluide organique de l'ORC au moyen d'un échangeur 21 . En cas de détérioration de cet échangeur, les sels fondus peuvent venir en contact avec le fluide organique de l'ORC ce qui représente un risque pour l'installation. De plus, cette solution ne permet pas de moduler l'apport calorifique des sels fondus vers le fluide organique de l'ORC. En cas d'arrêt de l'ORC, l'apport continu de calories par les sels fondus peut conduire à une élévation très importante de la température du fluide organique d'où un risque pour l'installation. In the solution disclosed by KR20140036363, the cooling fluid of andirons and keels is a mixture of molten salts. This mixture is for example composed, by mass, of 52% of KNO 3 , 18% of NaNO 3 and 30% of LiNO 3 . To maintain these molten salts in the temperature range required for proper operation of the oven, and especially for maintaining them in the liquid phase, the installation comprises a recirculation loop 40 with additional equipment which makes the installation more expensive and relatively complex to exploit compared to a solution in which the cooling fluid is water or a water / steam mixture. Calories of the molten salts are transmitted to the organic fluid of the ORC by means of an exchanger 21. In case of deterioration of this exchanger, the molten salts can come into contact with the organic fluid of the ORC, which represents a risk for the installation. In addition, this solution does not make it possible to modulate the heat input of the molten salts to the organic fluid of the ORC. If the ORC is stopped, the continuous intake of calories by the molten salts can lead to a very significant rise in the temperature of the organic fluid, hence a risk for the installation.
Par ailleurs, KR20140036363 décrit une solution dans laquelle une partie des fumées échange directement des calories avec le fluide organique de l'ORC au moyen d'un échangeur 51 . En cas de détérioration de cet échangeur, il y a un risque d'incendie si le fluide organique de l'ORC vient en contact avec les fumées.  Moreover, KR20140036363 describes a solution in which part of the fumes exchanges heat directly with the organic fluid of the ORC by means of an exchanger 51. In case of deterioration of this exchanger, there is a risk of fire if the organic fluid of the ORC comes in contact with the fumes.
L'état de la technique ne permet donc pas une double récupération d'énergie sur les fumées du four de réchauffage et sur le fluide de refroidissement des chenets et quilles dans des conditions permettant une performance énergétique optimale, une souplesse de régulation du fonctionnement de l'ORC et des conditions d'exploitation sûres.  The state of the art therefore does not allow a double energy recovery on the fumes of the reheating furnace and on the cooling fluid of andirons and keels under conditions allowing optimum energy performance, a flexibility of regulation of the operation of the ORC and safe operating conditions.
Cet objectif est atteint avec, selon un premier aspect de l'invention, un procédé de récupération d'énergie par une installation de récupération d'énergie, apte à être reliée à au moins un four de réchauffage à longerons équipé de brûleurs, ledit four de réchauffage comprenant un circuit de refroidissement desdits longerons, dans lequel circule de l'eau, celle-ci étant à l'état liquide à l'entrée des longerons et à l'état mélange liquide/vapeur à la sortie des longerons, ledit mélange étant séparé en aval des longerons en de l'eau liquide d'un côté et de la vapeur de l'autre, la vapeur cédant directement ou indirectement des calories à une première boucle de recirculation intermédiaire, et en outre un système de récupération d'énergie permettant d'absorber une partie des calories du circuit de fumées évacuées par le four, lesdites calories étant cédées à une seconde boucle de recirculation intermédiaire, lesdites première et seconde boucles de recirculation intermédiaire cédant directement ou indirectement des calories à une boucle de fluide organique disposée de manière à alimenter une turbine produisant de l'électricité par la mise en œuvre d'un cycle de Rankine organique. This object is achieved with, according to a first aspect of the invention, a method of energy recovery by an energy recovery facility, adapted to be connected to at least one longitudinal heating furnace equipped with burners, said furnace reheating apparatus comprising a cooling circuit of said spars, in which water circulates, the latter being in the liquid state at the inlet of the spars and in the liquid / vapor mixing state at the outlet of the spars, said mixture being separated downstream of the spars into liquid water on one side and steam on the other side, the steam yielding directly or indirectly calories to a first intermediate recirculation loop, and further a recovery system of energy to absorb a portion of the calories of the smoke circuit discharged by the oven, said calories being transferred to a second intermediate recirculation loop, said first and second intermediate recirculation loops yielding directly or indirectly calories to an organic fluid loop arranged to feed a turbine producing electricity by implementing a cycle Organic Rankine.
Dans une configuration dans laquelle le refroidissement des chenets et quilles est réalisé par de l'eau et un mélange eau/vapeur, la condensation des vapeurs dans l'échangeur permet un transfert important de calories entre la vapeur et le fluide organique de l'ORC.  In a configuration in which the cooling of the andirons is done by water and a water / steam mixture, the condensation of the vapors in the exchanger allows a significant transfer of calories between the vapor and the organic fluid of the ORC. .
Selon l'invention, les calories provenant de la vapeur et celles provenant du circuit de fumées sont cédées de manière indirecte au fluide organique de l'ORC, par l'intermédiaire d'une première boucle de recirculation intermédiaire disposée entre un circuit comportant la vapeur et le fluide organique, respectivement par l'intermédiaire d'une seconde boucle de recirculation intermédiaire disposée entre le circuit des fumées et le fluide organique.  According to the invention, the calories coming from the steam and those coming from the flue gas circuit are indirectly transferred to the organic fluid of the ORC, via a first intermediate recirculation loop arranged between a circuit comprising the vapor and the organic fluid, respectively via a second intermediate recirculation loop disposed between the smoke circuit and the organic fluid.
Le circuit de vapeur est isolé du fluide organique par au moins deux équipements, par exemple deux échangeurs.  The steam circuit is isolated from the organic fluid by at least two devices, for example two exchangers.
Le circuit des fumées est isolé du fluide organique par au moins deux équipements, par exemple deux échangeurs.  The flue gas circuit is isolated from the organic fluid by at least two devices, for example two exchangers.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, les calories provenant de la vapeur sont d'abord cédées à une première boucle de recirculation intermédiaire avant d'être cédées au fluide organique mis en œuvre dans le cycle de Rankine. Aussi, bien que la vapeur présente une pression très élevée par rapport à celle du fluide organique, il n'y a pas de risque important d'explosion si l'échangeur se perce, même si le fluide organique de l'ORC est très souvent un hydrocarbure ou un fluide frigorigène inflammable, car la vapeur ne peut pas venir en contact avec ledit fluide organique.  Thus, according to the invention, the calories from the steam are first transferred to a first intermediate recirculation loop before being transferred to the organic fluid used in the Rankine cycle. Also, although the vapor has a very high pressure compared to that of the organic fluid, there is no significant risk of explosion if the exchanger pierces, even if the organic fluid of the ORC is very often a hydrocarbon or a flammable refrigerant, because the vapor can not come into contact with said organic fluid.
Par ailleurs, selon l'invention, les calories provenant des fumées sont d'abord cédées à une seconde boucle de recirculation intermédiaire avant d'être cédées au fluide organique mis en œuvre dans le cycle de Rankine. Aussi, il n'y a pas d'échange possible entre le fluide organique mis en œuvre dans le cycle de Rankine et les fumées, ce qui évite un risque d'incendie qui est présent dans l'art antérieur.  Furthermore, according to the invention, the calories from the fumes are first transferred to a second intermediate recirculation loop before being transferred to the organic fluid used in the Rankine cycle. Also, there is no possible exchange between the organic fluid used in the Rankine cycle and the fumes, which avoids a risk of fire that is present in the prior art.
Le procédé selon l'invention présente donc plus de sécurité que celui selon l'art antérieur.  The method according to the invention thus has more security than that according to the prior art.
La combinaison des deux sources d'énergie provenant des fumées et du système de refroidissement permet d'une part de pouvoir augmenter la production d'électricité globale annuelle et d'autre part de pouvoir limiter l'investissement. En effet, cette combinaison permet d'obtenir une plus grande quantité d'énergie exploitable dans une seule machine ORC de grande capacité (avec un meilleur rendement et moins coûteux), que si les deux sources de chaleur étaient exploitées séparément par deux machines ORC de plus petite capacité (à plus faible rendement et proportionnellement plus cher). The combination of the two energy sources coming from the fumes and the cooling system makes it possible on the one hand to be able to increase the annual global electricity production and on the other hand to be able to limit the investment. In fact, this combination makes it possible to obtain a greater quantity of usable energy in a single high-capacity ORC machine (with a better efficiency and less expensive), if both heat sources were operated separately by two smaller capacity ORC machines (lower efficiency and proportionately more expensive).
En outre, la combinaison des deux sources d'énergie provenant des fumées et du système de refroidissement peut permettre de stabiliser l'apport énergétique fourni à la machine ORC. La combinaison des deux sources d'énergie provenant des fumées et du système de refroidissement peut permettre de faire plus souvent fonctionner la machine ORC dans sa plage de fonctionnement optimale.  In addition, the combination of the two energy sources from the fumes and the cooling system can stabilize the energy input supplied to the ORC machine. The combination of the two energy sources from the fumes and the cooling system can make the ORC machine work more often in its optimum operating range.
Le dimensionnement de la machine ORC permet de limiter le montant de l'investissement, et donc le temps nécessaire pour le retour sur investissement, accroissant ainsi l'intérêt économique de sa mise en œuvre. Lors de sa conception, un four de réchauffage est dimensionné pour une capacité de production nominale correspondant au chauffage d'un nombre de tonnes par heure d'un produit de référence d'une température initiale à une température de défournement. Par expérience, en exploitation, le four fonctionne en moyenne à environ 70 % de sa capacité nominale.  The dimensioning of the ORC machine makes it possible to limit the amount of the investment, and therefore the time necessary for the return on investment, thus increasing the economic interest of its implementation. In its design, a reheat furnace is sized for a nominal production capacity corresponding to the heating of a number of tons per hour of a reference product from an initial temperature to a dewatering temperature. By experience, in operation, the oven operates on average at about 70% of its rated capacity.
Par ailleurs, une machine ORC fonctionne correctement sur une large plage de variations de la source de chaleur, la puissance thermique entrante pouvant généralement varier entre 30 % et 100 %. Le rendement maximum de la machine ORC est obtenu pour la puissance maximale de dimensionnement et il diminue avec la puissance thermique entrante. Une machine ORC doit être arrêtée lorsque l'apport en calories au fluide organique de la machine ORC est inférieur à un seuil minimum généralement compris entre 20 et 30 % de la capacité maximale admise par la machine ORC.  Moreover, an ORC machine operates correctly over a wide range of variations of the heat source, the incoming thermal power generally being able to vary between 30% and 100%. The maximum efficiency of the ORC machine is obtained for the maximum design power and decreases with the incoming thermal power. An ORC machine must be stopped when the supply of calories to the organic fluid of the ORC machine is below a minimum threshold generally between 20 and 30% of the maximum capacity allowed by the ORC machine.
En combinant les deux sources d'énergie thermique, l'invention permet, grâce à la stabilité et à la capacité de la source de chaleur provenant du système de refroidissement des longerons, de ne jamais être inférieur à 30 % de la charge thermique. Ainsi la machine ORC est toujours en fonctionnement, sauf en cas d'arrêt de l'installation, et ne nécessite pas de régulation complexe.  By combining the two sources of thermal energy, the invention makes it possible, thanks to the stability and the capacity of the heat source coming from the cooling system of the side members, to never be less than 30% of the thermal load. Thus the ORC machine is always in operation, except when the installation is stopped, and does not require complex regulation.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé une installation de récupération d'énergie apte à être reliée à au moins un four de réchauffage à longerons équipé de brûleurs, ledit four de réchauffage comprenant un circuit de refroidissement desdits longerons, dans lequel circule de l'eau, celle-ci étant à l'état liquide à l'entrée des longerons et à l'état mélange liquide/vapeur à la sortie des longerons, ledit mélange étant séparé en aval des longerons en de l'eau liquide d'un côté et de la vapeur de l'autre, ladite installation comprenant une turbine agencée pour produire de l'électricité par la mise en œuvre d'un cycle de Rankine sur un fluide organique, ladite installation comprenant en outre au moins des échangeurs de chaleur fonctionnellement disposés de manière à transférer audit fluide organique, au moins une partie des calories contenues dans des fumées de combustion des brûleurs, via un fluide caloporteur, et au moins une partie des calories contenues dans la vapeur, via un fluide caloporteur. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an energy recovery installation capable of being connected to at least one longitudinal heating furnace equipped with burners, said heating furnace comprising a cooling circuit of said longitudinal members, in which circulates water, the latter being in the liquid state at the inlet of the side members and in the liquid / vapor mixing state at the outlet of the side members, said mixture being separated downstream of the side members in liquid water on one side and steam on the other, said installation comprising a turbine arranged to produce electricity by the implementation of a Rankine cycle on an organic fluid, said installation further comprising at least exchangers of heat functionally arranged in order to transfer to said organic fluid, at least a portion of the calories contained in combustion fumes of the burners, via a coolant, and at least a portion of the calories contained in the vapor, via a heat transfer fluid.
Selon une possibilité de l'installation, au moins un four de réchauffage peut comporter un échangeur de chaleur qui est disposé dans un carneau d'évacuation de fumées de combustion dudit au moins un four de réchauffage pour collecter des calories provenant desdites fumées de combustion et les transmettre au fluide caloporteur circulant dans ledit échangeur de chaleur.  According to one possibility of the installation, at least one reheating furnace may comprise a heat exchanger which is arranged in a combustion flue of said at least one reheating furnace to collect calories from said combustion fumes and transmit them to the coolant circulating in said heat exchanger.
L'échangeur placé dans le carneau d'évacuation des fumées selon l'invention peut être éventuellement disposé en aval dans le sens d'écoulement des fumées d'autres équipements de récupération d'énergie sur les fumées. Les autres équipements de récupération d'énergie peuvent être, par exemple, un récupérateur de préchauffage de l'air de combustion des brûleurs.  The exchanger placed in the flue gas discharge according to the invention may optionally be disposed downstream in the flue gas flow direction of other energy recovery equipment on the flue gases. Other energy recovery equipment may be, for example, a recuperator preheating burner combustion air.
Selon l'un des aspects de l'invention, l'installation comprend un premier échangeur de chaleur fonctionnellement disposé de manière à transférer directement ou indirectement de l'énergie de la vapeur à un fluide intermédiaire caloporteur, et un second échangeur de chaleur disposé de manière à transférer de l'énergie thermique dudit fluide intermédiaire caloporteur au fluide organique de la machine ORC.  According to one of the aspects of the invention, the installation comprises a first heat exchanger functionally arranged so as to directly or indirectly transfer the energy of the vapor to an intermediate heat transfer fluid, and a second heat exchanger disposed of transferring heat energy from said heat transfer medium fluid to the organic fluid of the ORC machine.
Selon l'invention, le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur peut être un fluide organique à l'état liquide, dans les conditions de son utilisation, par exemple une huile thermique. Avantageusement, le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur est non inflammable à la température à laquelle il est utilisé, sa température d'inflammation étant sensiblement supérieure à celle du fluide organique de l'ORC.  According to the invention, the heat transfer medium fluid may be an organic fluid in the liquid state, under the conditions of its use, for example a thermal oil. Advantageously, the intermediate coolant fluid is non-flammable at the temperature at which it is used, its ignition temperature being substantially higher than that of the organic fluid of the ORC.
Cette configuration permet d'améliorer la robustesse de l'équipement en limitant les variations brusques de températures d'échange avec le fluide organique de l'ORC en cas d'arrêt du four grâce à la capacité d'accumulateur d'énergie de la masse de fluide intermédiaire. Elle permet en outre d'améliorer la sécurité du système d'échange avec l'échangeur de calories provenant de la vapeur en contrôlant localement les comportements de cet échange sans perturber la boucle alimentant l'échangeur ORC. La vapeur étant à une pression sensiblement plus élevée que celle du fluide intermédiaire (environ 20 bars côté vapeur pour environ 4 à 7 bars côté fluide intermédiaire), en cas de percement de l'échangeur, l'écoulement de fluide se ferait du circuit vapeur vers le circuit de fluide intermédiaire évitant ainsi que le fluide intermédiaire ne se répande dans les chenets et quilles.  This configuration makes it possible to improve the robustness of the equipment by limiting the sudden variations in exchange temperatures with the organic fluid of the ORC in case of stopping of the furnace thanks to the energy storage capacity of the mass. intermediate fluid. It also makes it possible to improve the safety of the exchange system with the heat exchanger from the steam by locally controlling the behavior of this exchange without disturbing the loop supplying the ORC exchanger. The steam being at a pressure substantially higher than that of the intermediate fluid (approximately 20 bar on the steam side for approximately 4 to 7 bars on the intermediate fluid side), in the event of the exchanger being pierced, the fluid flow would be of the steam circuit. towards the intermediate fluid circuit thus avoiding that the intermediate fluid is spread in the andirons and bowling.
Par ailleurs, la présence d'un circuit intermédiaire entre le circuit vapeur et le circuit de l'ORC, permet d'éviter que de la vapeur n'entre en contact avec le fluide organique de l'ORC, ledit contact pouvant être source d'explosion. Cette solution permet également l'utilisation d'un échangeur de technologie robuste pour l'échange entre le fluide intermédiaire et le fluide organique de l'ORC, les deux fluides ayant des propriétés similaires. Elle permet ainsi de renforcer la sécurité de fonctionnement de la machine ORC en cas de problème sur le circuit vapeur de refroidissement des longerons. Moreover, the presence of an intermediate circuit between the steam circuit and the ORC circuit makes it possible to prevent the vapor from coming into contact with the organic fluid of the ORC, said contact being able to be a source of 'explosion. This solution also allows the use of a robust technology exchanger for the exchange between the intermediate fluid and the organic fluid of the ORC, the two fluids having similar properties. It thus makes it possible to reinforce the operating safety of the ORC machine in the event of a problem on the steam cooling circuit of the longitudinal members.
Pour renforcer encore la sécurité de l'installation, une boucle intermédiaire supplémentaire peut être ajoutée entre la vapeur et le fluide intermédiaire décrit précédemment.  To further enhance the safety of the installation, an additional intermediate loop can be added between the steam and the intermediate fluid described above.
Une utilisation d'un fluide organique intermédiaire pour récupérer des calories provenant de fumées de combustion qui reste à l'état liquide, quelles que soient les fluctuations de température et de volume des fumées de combustion dans le carneau, a pour avantage de faciliter grandement l'exploitation de l'installation par rapport à la mise en œuvre d'une chaudière de récupération dans laquelle un changement de phase dans l'échangeur s'opère à plus haute pression.  Using an intermediate organic fluid to recover calories from combustion fumes that remain in the liquid state, regardless of the temperature and volume fluctuations of the flue gases in the flue, has the advantage of greatly facilitating operation of the installation with respect to the implementation of a recovery boiler in which a phase change in the exchanger takes place at higher pressure.
Avantageusement selon l'invention, une régulation de l'apport de calories à la machine ORC peut être réalisée sur le circuit de fumées, au moyen d'un contournement partiel de l'échangeur d'épuisement de fumées de combustion placé dans le carneau ou une dilution des fumées avec de l'air froid pour en baisser la température. Du fait du dimensionnement de l'ORC pour un fonctionnement du four à 70% de sa capacité nominale, si l'apport calorifique à la machine ORC devient trop important, une partie des fumées contourne l'échangeur du circuit d'épuisement de fumées de combustion ou bien les fumées seront diluées sans que cela n'interfère sur le fonctionnement du four.  Advantageously according to the invention, a regulation of the supply of calories to the ORC machine can be carried out on the flue gas circuit, by means of a partial bypass of the exhaust gas combustion exchanger placed in the flue or a dilution of the fumes with cold air to lower the temperature. Due to the dimensioning of the ORC for an operation of the furnace at 70% of its nominal capacity, if the heat input to the ORC machine becomes too high, a part of the fumes circumvents the heat exchanger of the exhaust system. combustion or the fumes will be diluted without interfering with the operation of the oven.
Le fluide caloporteur utilisé pour collecter des calories provenant des fumées de combustion et celui utilisé indirectement pour collecter des calories provenant des chenets et quilles peuvent être de même nature, mais cette méthode permet aussi d'utiliser des fluides caloporteurs de propriétés différentes. Cela peut permettre d'optimiser la récupération d'énergie avec des fluides utilisés à des niveaux de températures différentes et de renforcer la sécurité de l'installation en choisissant des fluides minimisant les risques d'incendie ou d'explosion en cas de contact entre les fumées ou la vapeur et ces fluides.  The coolant used to collect calories from combustion fumes and the one used indirectly to collect calories from andirons and keels can be of the same nature, but this method also allows the use of heat transfer fluids of different properties. This can optimize the recovery of energy with fluids used at different temperature levels and enhance the safety of the installation by choosing fluids minimizing the risk of fire or explosion if contact between smoke or steam and these fluids.
En variante de réalisation, l'ajout d'un stockage d'énergie sur les circuits intermédiaires permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de l'ensemble sans perturber le circuit d'échange principal vers l'ORC.  In an alternative embodiment, the addition of energy storage on the intermediate circuits makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the assembly without disturbing the main exchange circuit towards the ORC.
Avantageusement, le fonctionnement du circuit de refroidissement des longerons peut ne pas être modifié par la présence de la machine ORC. Le pilotage de l'installation peut ainsi être simplifié. La puissance calorifique transmise à un fluide thermique utilisé dans le circuit d'épuisement des fumées peut être directement déterminée par l'élévation de température dudit fluide dans un échangeur du circuit d'épuisement de fumées de combustion. Advantageously, the operation of the cooling circuit of the longitudinal members may not be modified by the presence of the ORC machine. The control of the installation can thus be simplified. The heat output transmitted to a thermal fluid used in the flue gas exhaustion circuit may be directly determined by the temperature rise of said fluid in a heat exchanger of the combustion flue exhaust system.
En cas d'arrêt de la machine ORC, un contournement des fumées disposé sur le circuit des fumées peut permettre d'éviter réchauffement du fluide thermique utilisé dans le circuit d'épuisement des fumées. Une autre méthode consiste à utiliser un fluide caloporteur fonctionnant à plus haute température sur la boucle intermédiaire et/ou à diminuer la température des fumées en les diluants, par exemple avec une entrée d'air en amont du récupérateur placé sur le carneau de fumées. Des aéroréfrigérants peuvent par ailleurs être disposé sur le circuit eau surchauffée/vapeur de sorte d'évacuer des calories provenant des longerons.  If the ORC machine stops, a flue gas baffle placed on the flue gas circuit can prevent heating of the thermal fluid used in the flue gas exhaust circuit. Another method is to use a heat transfer fluid operating at higher temperature on the intermediate loop and / or to reduce the flue gas temperature diluents, for example with an air inlet upstream of the collector placed on the flue gas. Air coolers can also be placed on the superheated water / steam circuit so as to evacuate calories from the side members.
Avantageusement selon l'invention, la machine ORC est dimensionnée selon le régime de fonctionnement moyen du four de réchauffage et non selon la capacité nominale du four. Cela présente un double avantage : la machine ORC étant plus petite, le montant de l'investissement peut être réduit, et la machine ORC peut fonctionner un maximum du temps sur un point optimal (rendement maximum) produisant donc un maximum d'électricité pour un retour sur investissement plus rapide.  Advantageously according to the invention, the ORC machine is sized according to the average operating speed of the reheating furnace and not according to the nominal capacity of the furnace. This has a double advantage: the ORC machine being smaller, the amount of the investment can be reduced, and the ORC machine can operate a maximum of time on an optimal point (maximum yield) thus producing a maximum of electricity for a faster return on investment.
L'installation selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre un autre échangeur de chaleur fonctionnellement disposé de sorte à transférer de l'énergie thermique d'au moins une autre source au fluide organique.  The plant according to the invention may further comprise another heat exchanger functionally arranged so as to transfer thermal energy from at least one other source to the organic fluid.
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un four de réchauffage à longerons équipé de brûleurs, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé d'une installation de récupération d'énergie selon l'invention, ladite installation d'énergie étant reliée audit four.  According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a longitudinal heating furnace equipped with burners, characterized in that it is equipped with an energy recovery installation according to the invention, said energy installation being connected to said furnace.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront à la lumière de la description des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention accompagnée des figures dans lesquelles :  Other features and advantages will become apparent in the light of the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention accompanied by the figures in which:
. la Figure 1 représente schématiquement une installation selon un premier mode de réalisation dans laquelle le fluide organique de la machine ORC est préchauffé en série par la récupération d'énergie sur les deux sources, vapeur et fumées,  . FIG. 1 schematically represents an installation according to a first embodiment in which the organic fluid of the ORC machine is preheated in series by the recovery of energy on the two sources, steam and fumes,
. la Figure 2 représente schématiquement une installation selon un second mode de réalisation similaire à celui de la figure 1 , mais dans lequel le fluide organique de la machine ORC est préchauffé en une seule étape, après l'addition en amont des deux sources vapeur et fumées, . la Figure 3 représente schématiquement une installation selon un troisième mode de réalisation similaire à celui de la figure 2 dans lequel un circuit intermédiaire supplémentaire est ajouté coté vapeur, et, . 2 schematically represents an installation according to a second embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, but in which the organic fluid of the ORC machine is preheated in a single step, after the upstream addition of the two steam and smoke sources. , . FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents an installation according to a third embodiment similar to that of FIG. 2 in which an additional intermediate circuit is added on the steam side, and
. la Figure 4 représente schématiquement une installation selon un quatrième mode de réalisation dans lequel des fluides organiques collectant les calories provenant des longerons et des fumées de combustion sont mélangés en amont de la machine ORC et l'énergie est récupérée parallèlement. . Figure 4 schematically shows an installation according to a fourth embodiment in which organic fluids collecting the calories from the side members and combustion fumes are mixed upstream of the ORC machine and the energy is recovered in parallel.
Ces modes de réalisation n'étant nullement limitatifs, on pourra notamment réaliser des variantes de l'invention ne comprenant qu'une sélection de caractéristiques décrites par la suite, telles que décrites ou généralisées, isolées des autres caractéristiques décrites, si cette sélection de caractéristiques est suffisante pour conférer un avantage technique ou pour différencier l'invention par rapport à l'état de la technique.  These embodiments being in no way limiting, it will be possible in particular to make variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described hereinafter, as described or generalized, isolated from the other characteristics described, if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the art.
Sur la Figure 1 , on peut voir schématiquement représentée une installation selon un premier exemple de réalisation de l'invention. Pour simplifier la description, ne sont représentés sur cette figure que les équipements nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention. Des équipements indispensables au fonctionnement de l'installation, tels que pompes, vannes, bâche alimentaire, vase d'expansion, etc., ne sont pas représentés sur cette figure et les suivantes, ni décrits dans cette description, l'homme du métier sachant les définir, les dimensionner et les implanter au mieux sur l'installation.  In Figure 1, we can see schematically represented an installation according to a first embodiment of the invention. To simplify the description, only the equipment necessary for understanding the invention is shown in this figure. Equipment essential to the operation of the installation, such as pumps, valves, food cover, expansion tank, etc., are not shown in this figure and the following, nor described in this description, the skilled person knowing define them, size them and implement them at best on the installation.
Des produits 1 sont réchauffés en continu dans un four 2 de réchauffage à longerons tubulaires. Le déplacement et le maintien des produits dans le four sont assurés par des longerons fixes et des longerons mobiles. Les longerons comprennent des chenets 3a et des quilles 3b dans lesquels circule un fluide de refroidissement. Des brûleurs 5 assurent le chauffage du four 2 et des produits 1 . Des fumées de combustion provenant des brûleurs 5 sont évacuées hors du four par un carneau de fumées 6.  Products 1 are continuously heated in a furnace 2 heating tubular spars. The movement and maintenance of the products in the oven are provided by fixed spars and movable spars. The longitudinal members comprise andirons 3a and 3b keels in which circulates a cooling fluid. Burners 5 provide heating of furnace 2 and products 1. Combustion fumes from the burners 5 are discharged from the furnace by a flue gas flue 6.
A l'entrée des longerons, le fluide de refroidissement est, par exemple, de l'eau surchauffée à une température de 215 °C et à une pression de 21 bars absolus. Lors de son écoulement dans les longerons, l'eau surchauffée se transforme partiellement en vapeur saturée 4. A la sortie des longerons, le fluide de refroidissement est composé d'un mélange d'eau surchauffée et de vapeur saturée 4. Un ballon 7 permet la séparation de l'eau à l'état liquide et de la vapeur saturée 4.  At the inlet of the side members, the cooling fluid is, for example, superheated water at a temperature of 215 ° C and a pressure of 21 bar absolute. During its flow in the side members, the superheated water is partially transformed into saturated steam 4. At the exit of the side members, the cooling fluid is composed of a mixture of superheated water and saturated steam 4. A balloon 7 allows the separation of water in the liquid state and saturated steam 4.
L'installation comporte une machine ORC mettant en œuvre un cycle de Rankine sur un fluide organique 21 en circulation dans un circuit 13.  The installation comprises an ORC machine implementing a Rankine cycle on an organic fluid 21 circulating in a circuit 13.
L'installation comprend une boucle de recirculation intermédiaire 16 disposée entre le circuit vapeur et le circuit 13 de la machine ORC. Un fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17 circule dans la boucle de recirculation intermédiaire 16, de préférence organique, maintenu à l'état liquide. The installation comprises an intermediate recirculation loop 16 disposed between the steam circuit and the circuit 13 of the ORC machine. An intermediate fluid coolant 17 circulates in the intermediate recirculation loop 16, preferably organic, maintained in the liquid state.
La boucle de recirculation intermédiaire 16 comprend notamment deux échangeurs de chaleur 8 et 18 et une pompe de circulation non représentée. Ainsi la vapeur saturée 4 cède des calories au fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17 au moyen de l'échangeur 18 dans lequel elle se condense, puis le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17 cède à son tour des calories au fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC au moyen de l'échangeur 8.  The intermediate recirculation loop 16 comprises in particular two heat exchangers 8 and 18 and a circulation pump, not shown. Thus the saturated steam 4 gives calories to the intermediate coolant fluid 17 by means of the exchanger 18 in which it condenses, then the intermediate heat-transfer fluid 17 in turn gives up calories to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine by means of the exchanger 8.
L'ajout de la boucle de recirculation intermédiaire 16 peut permettre de renforcer la sécurité de l'installation et d'utiliser des fluides thermiques de propriétés différentes. Ainsi le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17 pourra avoir une compatibilité plus grande avec la vapeur que le fluide organique 21 de l'ORC limitant ainsi le risque d'incendie ou d'explosion.  The addition of the intermediate recirculation loop 16 can enhance the safety of the installation and use thermal fluids of different properties. Thus the intermediate heat transfer fluid 17 may have a greater compatibility with the vapor than the organic fluid 21 of the ORC thus limiting the risk of fire or explosion.
Un échangeur de chaleur 9 peut être disposé dans le carneau de fumées 6, éventuellement en aval, dans le sens d'écoulement des fumées, par rapport à d'autres équipements de récupération d'énergie sur les fumées, par exemple un récupérateur de préchauffage de l'air de combustion des brûleurs.  A heat exchanger 9 may be arranged in the flue gas flue 6, possibly downstream, in the flue gas flow direction, with respect to other energy recovery equipment on the flue gases, for example a preheating recuperator. burner combustion air.
L'échangeur de chaleur 9 peut être alimenté avec un fluide caloporteur 10, de préférence organique à l'état liquide, circulant dans une boucle de recirculation 1 1 . Le fluide caloporteur 10 peut être de même nature que le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17, côté vapeur, mais il peut également être de nature différente. Les fumées cèdent une partie de leurs calories au fluide caloporteur 10 dans l'échangeur de chaleur 9. Un deuxième échangeur de chaleur 12 est disposé sur la boucle de recirculation 1 1 . Le deuxième échangeur 12 permet le transfert des calories captées par le fluide caloporteur 10 au fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC.  The heat exchanger 9 may be supplied with a heat transfer fluid 10, preferably organic in the liquid state, circulating in a recirculation loop January 1. The heat transfer fluid 10 may be of the same nature as the intermediate heat transfer fluid 17, steam side, but it may also be of a different nature. The fumes yield part of their heat to the coolant 10 in the heat exchanger 9. A second heat exchanger 12 is disposed on the recirculation loop 1 January. The second heat exchanger 12 allows the transfer of the calories captured by the heat transfer fluid 10 to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine.
Le fluide organique 21 circule dans la machine ORC dans la boucle de recirculation 13 comprenant notamment, de préférences successivement dans le sens de l'écoulement du fluide, les échangeurs de chaleur 8 et 12, une turbine de détente 14, un échangeur 15 de condensation du fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC et une pompe de surpression 24. L'énergie thermique cédée au fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC dans les échangeurs de chaleur 8 et 12 permet de porter celui-ci en phase vapeur. La détente de la vapeur entraîne en rotation la turbine de détente 14 qui est accouplée à un alternateur qui produit de l'électricité. En sortie de la turbine de détente 14, l'échangeur 15 permet de condenser le fluide organique 21 , avant qu'il ne soit retourné vers les échangeurs de chaleur 8 et 12 pour subir un nouveau cycle de Rankine. Le fluide organique 21 cède des calories dans l'échangeur 15 à un fluide caloporteur circulant dans un circuit 22. Un ensemble de registres 23 permet de faire contourner l'échangeur de chaleur 9, par tout ou partie des fumées de combustion. The organic fluid 21 circulates in the ORC machine in the recirculation loop 13 including in particular, successively in the direction of the flow of the fluid, the heat exchangers 8 and 12, an expansion turbine 14, a condensation exchanger 15 organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine and a booster pump 24. The heat energy transferred to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine in the heat exchangers 8 and 12 can carry it in the vapor phase. The expansion of the steam rotates the expansion turbine 14 which is coupled to an alternator that produces electricity. At the outlet of the expansion turbine 14, the exchanger 15 makes it possible to condense the organic fluid 21, before it is returned to the heat exchangers 8 and 12 to undergo a new Rankine cycle. The organic fluid 21 gives up calories in the exchanger 15 to a heat transfer fluid flowing in a circuit 22. A set of registers 23 makes it possible to bypass the heat exchanger 9, by all or part of the combustion fumes.
Un échangeur thermique 25 permet de capter des calories d'un fluide 26 disponible sur le site et de les transmettre au fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC. L'installation selon l'invention permet ainsi de valoriser également une ou plusieurs autres sources de chaleur pour une performance globale accrue du site industriel sur lequel elle est installée.  A heat exchanger 25 makes it possible to capture calories from a fluid 26 available on the site and to transmit them to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine. The installation according to the invention thus makes it possible to also valorise one or more other heat sources for increased overall performance of the industrial site on which it is installed.
La Figure 2 représente schématiquement une variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle les calories des fumées sont apportées au fluide intermédiaire 17 et non directement au fluide 21 de l'ORC. De même, l'apport complémentaire de calories du fluide 26 se fait au fluide intermédiaire 17 et non directement au fluide 21 de l'ORC. Cette configuration permet un contrôle simplifié de l'ORC, et renforce sa sécurité, avec un seul échangeur dans lequel est réalisé l'ensemble des apports calorifiques au fluide 21 et sa vaporisation.  Figure 2 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the smoke calories are supplied to the intermediate fluid 17 and not directly to the fluid 21 of the ORC. Likewise, the complementary supply of calories of the fluid 26 is made to the intermediate fluid 17 and not directly to the fluid 21 of the ORC. This configuration allows a simplified control of the ORC, and increases its safety, with a single heat exchanger in which all the heat gains to the fluid 21 and its vaporization is achieved.
La Figure 3 représente schématiquement une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle une boucle intermédiaire 30 est ajoutée côté vapeur dans laquelle circule un fluide caloporteur 31 . La vapeur 4 cède des calories au fluide caloporteur 31 en se condensant dans l'échangeur 18, puis le fluide caloporteur 31 cède à son tour ces calories au fluide caloporteur 17 au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur 32. Cette configuration permet de renforcer la sécurité de l'installation, et la souplesse de sa régulation, la technologie des échangeurs 8, 18, 31 et la nature des fluides caloporteurs 31 , 17, 21 étant choisis de sorte de disposer de technologies éprouvées sur les échangeurs et de limiter les risques d'incendie ou d'explosion en cas de contact entre les fluides suite au perçage des échangeurs.  3 schematically represents another embodiment of the invention in which an intermediate loop 30 is added on the vapor side in which circulates a coolant 31. The steam 4 transfers heat to the coolant 31 by condensing in the exchanger 18, then the heat transfer fluid 31 in turn gives these calories to the heat transfer fluid 17 by means of a heat exchanger 32. This configuration makes it possible to reinforce the safety of the installation, and the flexibility of its regulation, the technology of the heat exchangers 8, 18, 31 and the nature of the heat transfer fluids 31, 17, 21 being chosen so as to have proven technologies on the exchangers and to limit the risks fire or explosion in case of contact between the fluids following the drilling of the exchangers.
La Figure 4 représente schématiquement une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle un mélange est réalisé entre une partie du fluide caloporteur 10 circulant dans la boucle de recirculation 1 1 et une partie du fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17, de préférence organique, circulant dans la boucle de recirculation 16, les fluides 10 et 17 étant de même nature. Ce mélange, par exemple réalisé au moyen de vannes trois voies 20, est ensuite conduit à un échangeur de chaleur 19 dans lequel il cède des calories au fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC. En sortie de l'échangeur 19, le mélange de fluide est de nouveau réparti entre les deux boucles de recirculation 1 1 et 16, par exemple au moyen de vannes trois voies.  FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents another variant embodiment of the invention in which a mixture is produced between a part of the coolant 10 circulating in the recirculation loop 1 1 and a portion of the intermediate heat-transfer fluid 17, preferably organic, flowing in the recirculation loop 16, the fluids 10 and 17 being of the same nature. This mixture, for example made by means of three-way valves 20, is then led to a heat exchanger 19 in which it transfers calories to the organic fluid 21 of the ORC machine. At the outlet of the exchanger 19, the fluid mixture is again distributed between the two recirculation loops 1 1 and 16, for example by means of three-way valves.
La quantité d'énergie disponible sur les fumées et le fluide de refroidissement des longerons est généralement du même ordre de grandeur, par exemple de 10 MWth sur les fumées et sur les longerons pour un four d'une capacité de 450 t/h. Sur l'échangeur de chaleur 18, la température de la vapeur saturée 4 étant sensiblement constante, par exemple de 215 °C pour une pression de 21 bars absolus, l'échange thermique avec le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur 17 de la boucle de recirculation 16 est toujours optimum. The amount of energy available on the fumes and the cooling fluid of the side members is generally of the same order of magnitude, for example 10 MW th on the fumes and the side members for a furnace with a capacity of 450 t / h. On the heat exchanger 18, the temperature of the saturated vapor 4 being substantially constant, for example 215 ° C for a pressure of 21 bar absolute, the heat exchange with the intermediate heat transfer fluid 17 of the recirculation loop 16 is always optimum.
Sur l'échangeur de chaleur 9, la température des fumées peut varier, par exemple de 300 °C, pour une capacité maximale du four, à 280 °C pour 70 % de sa capacité. Ainsi, l'échange thermique avec le fluide caloporteur 10 de la boucle de recirculation 1 1 est variable et les conditions de fonctionnement du fluide commun de la boucle 20 entrant dans la machine ORC peuvent varier, dans le cas d'une huile thermique, de 225 °C à 215 °C en température et de 70 kg/s à 50 kg/s en débit respectivement selon les deux cas de fonctionnement décrits plus haut. Pour de telles températures, le fluide organique 21 de la machine ORC le mieux adapté est le pentane, celui-ci étant porté en amont de la turbine de détente 14 à une température par exemple comprise entre 135 °C et 160 °C respectivement selon les deux cas de fonctionnement, afin que la puissance nette délivrée par la machine ORC soit maximale, respectivement On the heat exchanger 9, the flue gas temperature can vary, for example from 300 ° C, for a maximum capacity of the oven, to 280 ° C for 70% of its capacity. Thus, the heat exchange with the coolant 10 of the recirculation loop 1 1 is variable and the operating conditions of the common fluid of the loop 20 entering the ORC machine can vary, in the case of a thermal oil, of 225 ° C to 215 ° C temperature and 70 kg / s to 50 kg / s flow respectively according to the two cases of operation described above. For such temperatures, the organic fluid 21 of the best adapted ORC machine is pentane, which is carried upstream of the expansion turbine 14 at a temperature for example between 135 ° C and 160 ° C respectively according to two cases of operation, so that the net power delivered by the ORC machine is maximum, respectively
Selon un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, l'installation de récupération d'énergie permet de collecter des calories provenant d'au moins deux fours. Un échangeur de chaleur 9 peut être disposé dans le carneau de fumées de chaque four ou d'un seul four. De même, des calories peuvent être récupérées sur la vapeur provenant des longerons des deux fours ou d'un seul.  According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the energy recovery installation makes it possible to collect calories from at least two furnaces. A heat exchanger 9 may be disposed in the flue gas flue of each furnace or a single furnace. Likewise, calories can be recovered from the steam from the stringers of both ovens or from one.
Comme nous venons de le voir, l'invention permet une récupération d'énergie efficace sur les pertes thermiques du four par les fumées de combustion et les longerons, grâce à un dimensionnement de la machine ORC bien adapté au régime de fonctionnement du four et une stabilité de fonctionnement de celui-ci qui résulte de la combinaison de deux sources de chaleur.  As we have just seen, the invention makes it possible to recover energy efficiently from the thermal losses of the furnace by the combustion fumes and the side members, thanks to a dimensioning of the ORC machine which is well adapted to the operating speed of the furnace and a the operating stability of the latter resulting from the combination of two heat sources.
Bien sûr, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits et de nombreux aménagements peuvent être apportés à ces exemples sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. De plus, les différentes caractéristiques, formes, variantes et modes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent être associés les uns avec les autres selon diverses combinaisons dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas incompatibles ou exclusifs les uns des autres.  Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples that have just been described and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, the various features, shapes, variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de récupération d'énergie par une installation de récupération d'énergie apte à être reliée à au moins un four de réchauffage (2) à longerons équipé de brûleurs (5), ledit four de réchauffage comprenant un circuit de refroidissement desdits longerons, dans lequel circule de l'eau, celle-ci étant à l'état liquide à l'entrée des longerons et à l'état mélange liquide/vapeur à la sortie des longerons, ledit mélange étant séparé en aval des longerons en de l'eau liquide d'un côté et de la vapeur (4) de l'autre, ladite installation comprenant une turbine (14) produisant de l'électricité par la mise en œuvre d'un cycle de Rankine sur un fluide organique (21 ), ledit procédé comprenant une étape de transfert direct ou indirect d'énergie thermique provenant de la vapeur (4) à un fluide intermédiaire caloporteur (17), de préférence organique à l'état liquide, au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur (18), une étape de transfert d'énergie thermique dudit fluide intermédiaire caloporteur au fluide organique (21 ) au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur (8, 19), et une étape de transfert d'énergie thermique direct ou indirect d'au moins une partie des fumées de combustion des brûleurs (5) au fluide organique (21 ) au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur (12, 19) fonctionnellement disposé de manière à transférer audit fluide organique (21 ), au moins une partie des calories contenues dans des fumées de combustion des brûleurs (5), via un fluide caloporteur (10) et un échangeur (9). A method for recovering energy from an energy recovery installation capable of being connected to at least one reheat furnace (2) equipped with burners (5), said reheating furnace comprising a cooling circuit for said longitudinal members in which water circulates, the latter being in the liquid state at the inlet of the side members and in the liquid / vapor mixing state at the outlet of the side members, the said mixture being separated downstream of the side members by liquid water on one side and steam (4) on the other, said plant comprising a turbine (14) producing electricity by performing a Rankine cycle on an organic fluid (21) said method comprising a step of directly or indirectly transferring thermal energy from the vapor (4) to an intermediate coolant fluid (17), preferably organic in the liquid state, by means of a heat exchanger (18). ), a step of energy transfer ther of said intermediate heat-exchanging medium to the organic fluid (21) by means of a heat exchanger (8, 19), and a step of direct or indirect thermal energy transfer of at least a portion of the combustion fumes of the burners ( 5) to the organic fluid (21) by means of a heat exchanger (12, 19) operably arranged to transfer to said organic fluid (21) at least a portion of the calories contained in combustion fumes of the burners (5). ), via a coolant (10) and an exchanger (9).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel le fluide caloporteur (10) destiné à transférer au moins une partie des calories contenues dans des fumées de combustion des brûleurs (5) au fluide organique (21 ) est un fluide organique à l'état liquide, de préférence une huile thermique. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the coolant (10) for transferring at least a portion of the calories contained in combustion fumes of the burners (5) to the organic fluid (21) is an organic fluid in the state liquid, preferably a thermal oil.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le fluide caloporteur (10) destiné à transférer au moins une partie des calories contenues dans des fumées de combustion des brûleurs (5) au fluide organique (21 ) et le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur (17) destiné à transférer de l'énergie thermique au fluide organique (21 ) sont de même nature, ces deux fluides caloporteur (10, 17) étant mélangés en amont de l'échangeur (19) dans lequel est réalisé le transfert thermique entre ces fluides et le fluide organique (21 ). 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat transfer fluid (10) for transferring at least a portion of the calories contained in combustion fumes from the burners (5) to the organic fluid (21) and the intermediate coolant ( 17) for transferring thermal energy to the organic fluid (21) are of the same nature, these two heat transfer fluids (10, 17) being mixed upstream of the exchanger (19) in which the heat transfer between these fluids and the organic fluid (21).
4. Installation de récupération d'énergie apte à être reliée à au moins un four de réchauffage (2) à longerons équipé de brûleurs (5), ledit four de réchauffage comprenant un circuit de refroidissement desdits longerons, dans lequel circule de l'eau, celle-ci étant à l'état liquide à l'entrée des longerons et à l'état mélange liquide/vapeur à la sortie des longerons, ledit mélange étant séparé en aval des longerons en de l'eau liquide d'un côté et de la vapeur (4) de l'autre, ladite installation comprenant une turbine (14) agencée pour produire de l'électricité par la mise en œuvre d'un cycle de Rankine sur un fluide organique (21 ), ladite installation comprenant un échangeur de chaleur (18) fonctionnellement disposé de manière à transférer directement ou indirectement de l'énergie thermique de la vapeur (4) à un fluide intermédiaire caloporteur (17), de préférence organique à l'état liquide, l'au moins un échangeur de chaleur (8, 19) étant disposé de manière à transférer de l'énergie thermique dudit fluide intermédiaire caloporteur au fluide organique (21 ), ladite installation comprenant en outre au moins un échangeur de chaleur (12, 19) fonctionnellement disposé de manière à transférer directement ou indirectement audit fluide organique (21 ), au moins une partie des calories contenues dans des fumées de combustion des brûleurs (5), via un fluide caloporteur (10) et un échangeur (9). 4. Energy recovery installation adapted to be connected to at least one reheat furnace (2) equipped with burners (5), said reheating furnace comprising a cooling circuit of said longitudinal members, in which water circulates, the latter being in the liquid state at the inlet of the side members and in the liquid / vapor mixing state at the outlet of the side members, said mixture being separated downstream of the spars in liquid water on one side and steam (4) in the other, said installation comprising a turbine (14) arranged to produce electricity by implementing a cycle of Rankine on an organic fluid (21), said plant comprising a heat exchanger (18) operably arranged to directly or indirectly transfer heat energy from the vapor (4) to an intermediate coolant fluid (17), organic preference in the liquid state, the at least one heat exchanger (8, 19) being arranged to transfer thermal energy of said intermediate heat transfer fluid to the organic fluid (21), said installation further comprising at least one a heat exchanger (12, 19) operably arranged to transfer directly or indirectly to said organic fluid (21) at least a portion of the calories contained in combustion fumes of the burners (5) via a coolant (10). ) and an exchanger (9).
Installation selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle l'au moins un four de réchauffage (2) comporte l'échangeur de chaleur (9) qui est disposé dans un carneau (6) d'évacuation de fumées de combustion dudit au moins un four de réchauffage pour collecter des calories provenant desdites fumées de combustion et les transmettre au fluide caloporteur (10) circulant dans ledit échangeur de chaleur. Plant according to Claim 4, in which the at least one reheating furnace (2) comprises the heat exchanger (9) which is arranged in a flue (6) for exhausting combustion fumes from the at least one furnace reheating to collect calories from said combustion fumes and transmit them to the heat transfer fluid (10) flowing in said heat exchanger.
Installation selon les revendications 4 ou 5, dans laquelle le fluide caloporteur (10) et le fluide intermédiaire caloporteur (17) sont de même nature. Installation according to claims 4 or 5, wherein the coolant (10) and the intermediate heat transfer fluid (17) are of the same kind.
Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, comprenant en outre un autre échangeur de chaleur (25) fonctionnellement disposé de sorte à transférer directement ou indirectement de l'énergie thermique d'au moins une autre source (26) au fluide organique (21 ). Plant according to any one of claims 4 to 6, further comprising another heat exchanger (25) operably arranged to directly or indirectly transfer heat energy from at least one other source (26) to the organic fluid (21).
EP17731598.3A 2016-06-27 2017-06-26 Method and facility for recovering thermal energy on a furnace with tubular side members and for converting same into electricity by means of a turbine producing the electricity by implementing a rankine cycle Active EP3475638B1 (en)

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FR1655976A FR3053105B1 (en) 2016-06-27 2016-06-27 INSTALLATION FOR RECOVERING CALORIFIC ENERGY ON A TUBULAR LONGERON OVEN AND CONVERTING IT WITH ELECTRICITY BY MEANS OF A TURBINE PRODUCING ELECTRICITY BY IMPLEMENTING A RANKINE CYCLE
PCT/EP2017/065646 WO2018001931A1 (en) 2016-06-27 2017-06-26 Method and facility for recovering thermal energy on a furnace with tubular side members and for converting same into electricity by means of a turbine producing the electricity by implementing a rankine cycle

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