EP3470361B1 - Method for securing a lifting movement of a load and associated lifting device - Google Patents

Method for securing a lifting movement of a load and associated lifting device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3470361B1
EP3470361B1 EP18198721.5A EP18198721A EP3470361B1 EP 3470361 B1 EP3470361 B1 EP 3470361B1 EP 18198721 A EP18198721 A EP 18198721A EP 3470361 B1 EP3470361 B1 EP 3470361B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
hook
lifting
value
flexible links
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18198721.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3470361A1 (en
Inventor
Simon GRIMAUD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS
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Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS
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Publication of EP3470361A1 publication Critical patent/EP3470361A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/16Applications of indicating, registering, or weighing devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/22Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
    • B66C1/34Crane hooks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/12Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
    • B66C1/14Slings with hooks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/02Devices for facilitating retrieval of floating objects, e.g. for recovering crafts from water
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/22Control systems or devices for electric drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • B66C23/90Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • B66C23/905Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40Control devices
    • B66D1/48Control devices automatic
    • B66D1/485Control devices automatic electrical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40Control devices
    • B66D1/48Control devices automatic
    • B66D1/50Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control
    • B66D1/505Control devices automatic for maintaining predetermined rope, cable, or chain tension, e.g. in ropes or cables for towing craft, in chains for anchors; Warping or mooring winch-cable tension control electrical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/28Other constructional details
    • B66D1/40Control devices
    • B66D1/48Control devices automatic
    • B66D1/52Control devices automatic for varying rope or cable tension, e.g. when recovering craft from water
    • B66D1/525Control devices automatic for varying rope or cable tension, e.g. when recovering craft from water electrical
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/54Safety gear
    • B66D1/58Safety gear responsive to excess of load
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C2700/00Cranes
    • B66C2700/08Electrical assemblies or electrical control devices for cranes, winches, capstans or electrical hoists

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lifting machines, more specifically tower cranes, and in particular to means for securing a movement for lifting a load.
  • a tower crane comprises a vertical mast, a jib, carried by the mast and orientable in azimuth around the mast according to a so-called orientation movement, as well as a carriage which is mounted movable in radial translation along of said arrow thus achieving a so-called distribution movement.
  • the carriage carries a hook, suspended from the carriage by a cable, the length of which can be modified by means of a winch which thus controls the vertical movement of said hook, called the lifting movement.
  • the load is mechanically coupled to the hook by means of slings.
  • the transition phase during which the load placed on the ground is lifted in the air, requires special attention.
  • the crane operator ensures that the takeoff of the load is carried out at reduced speed.
  • the security system is configured to block the lifting movement before the latter leaves the ground.
  • the control system may also include, as described in the patent document US 8,708,170 , means for limiting the oscillations observed during the lifting movement, in particular by detecting the passage from the static state where the load is placed on the ground in the suspended state, and by limiting the speed of the lifting movement during the transition between said states.
  • no known command and control system includes means for preventing takeoff of the load placed on the ground, if the slings have not been tensioned before this operation as required by safety rules. Indeed, the latter provide that an operator on the ground fixes the slings relaxed, to the load and to the hook of the crane. Then, at low speed, the crane operator makes a lifting movement to tension the slings, making sure, however, that the load does not take off from the ground. The operator on the ground can then ensure that the sling is properly balanced and that the load remaining on the ground is balanced. If the verification proves conclusive, the crane operator can then initiate a lifting movement to lift the load in the tunes. Once the load in the air only, the crane operator can increase the speed of the lifting movement.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means for generally improving the safety of lifting devices, designed to reduce the risk of wrongly identifying a dangerous situation, typically when the load is already taken off.
  • Another object of the invention is to allow the detection of the occurrence of an abrupt lifting and to make it possible to prohibit / block the corresponding lifting movement before having reached the maximum damage or tilting limits of the device. lifting gear and lifting gear.
  • Another object of the invention is to allow dynamic processing of numerous parameters relevant for the detection of a lifting movement, slings relaxed, said parameters being easily adaptable to each type of crane.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means for improving the safety in general of lifting devices, inexpensive in terms of necessary equipment and labor.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means, in general for improving the safety of lifting devices, reliable over time and robust against breakdowns.
  • an equivalent value for example an equivalent measurement of mechanical torque, a measurement of the current of a lifting motor depending on the value of the charge, etc.
  • the flexible links are in the relaxed state, if the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time is greater than or equal to the threshold of variation, during a temporal sub-period of the transient phase whose duration is longer than a verification period.
  • the verification duration it is possible to determine the lifting speed of the hook, the verification duration then being determined as a function of the lifting speed so that the verification duration is all the shorter as the lifting speed of the hook is big.
  • the initiation of the transient phase is detected only if an initial value of load exerted on the hook is lower or equal to a load threshold, this initial value being established when the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time is detected as being greater than or equal to the variation threshold.
  • the step of transmitting a detection signal of a prohibited lifting situation automatically triggers a step of cutting the lifting movement of the load.
  • the method according to the invention is implemented in a tower crane.
  • the invention relates to a computer program comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method according to the first aspect, when said program is executed by a processor.
  • Each of these programs can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any what other desirable form.
  • the C / C ++ language the languageTM of scripting languages, such as in particular tcl, javascript, python, perl which allow generation of code "on demand” and do not require overloading significant for their generation or modification.
  • the invention relates to a recording medium readable by a computer on which a computer program is recorded comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method according to the first aspect.
  • the information medium can be any entity or any device capable of storing the program.
  • the support may include a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD-ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or else a magnetic recording means, for example a floppy disk or a hard disk.
  • the information medium can be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed by an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
  • the program according to the invention can in particular be downloaded from an Internet or Intranet network.
  • the information medium can be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.
  • the invention also relates to a lifting device comprising a securing module according to the fourth aspect, such as for example a tower crane.
  • the invention can also be applied to other families of cranes - lifting jib crane, etc. - by transposing the calculations made according to the model of the invention to the geometry of said cranes.
  • FIG. 1 On which a system 1 for lifting a load 2 is shown. This system is applicable to a load lifting device such as a tower crane 3.
  • any type of crane 3 comprising a jib 4 which is orientable in yaw around a vertical axis (ZZ '), according to an orientation movement, and which is arranged so that the load 2 is suspended from said boom 4 by means of flexible links 9 (or slings) coupled to a hook 8 carried by a cable 5, and in such a way that said crane 3 can modify the radial distance of said load 2 relative to to the vertical axis, according to a distribution movement, as well as the length of the cable 5 which connects the arrow 4 to the load 2, according to a so-called lifting movement, in order to be able to modify the altitude of the load 2.
  • the crane 3 can thus form for example a crane with lifting jib (tilting jib), a telescopic crane, or, in a particularly preferred manner, a tower crane.
  • Flexible links 9 are flexible lifting accessories, typically made from ropes, cables and / or chains, provided at their ends with fixing devices - such as hooks, shackles or lifting rings, intended to be coupled to hook 8 of the crane.
  • the flexible links 9 are fixed to the load, to allow the crane to move the latter.
  • the flexible links 9 may also also include other fixing elements - for example shackles - so as to allow their mechanical coupling to the load.
  • the tower crane comprises a vertical mast 6, which materializes the vertical axis (ZZ '), an arrow 4 carried by the mast 6 and orientable in azimuth (yaw) around the mast 6, thus that a carriage 7 which is mounted movable in radial translation along said arrow.
  • the slings 9 are secured to the load 2: typically, an operator on the ground surrounds the load 2 with the slings 9, and fixes the latter to the hook 8 of the crane.
  • the slings 9 can be fixed to a platform 90 on which the load 2 is placed. To carry out this operation, the slings 9 must be relaxed.
  • the crane operator begins a lifting movement of the hook 8, at low speed, so as to tension the slings, as shown in the figure 5b .
  • the load remains in the static state, placed on the ground and must not leave the ground.
  • the operator on the ground then ensures proper slinging and balancing of the load remaining on the ground.
  • the crane operator After confirmation by the operator on the ground, the crane operator performs a new lifting movement, the slings being tensioned beforehand, this time carrying load 2 in the air. Load 2 is then in a suspended state (not shown in the figures).
  • the figure 6a shows, on a diagram, the variation over time of the value C of the load exerted on the hook 8, when the lifting movement was carried out while the slings were stretched, at reduced speed.
  • the figure 6b shows, on a diagram, the variation over time of the value C of the load exerted on the hook 8, when the lifting movement was carried out while the slings were relaxed, contrary to what the secure procedure provides. It is observed in particular that the variation over time of the value C of the charge is much greater than in the example of the figure 6a .
  • the command control system 1 comprises in particular a control device 10, a monitoring and control device 20, a controller 30, and a command execution system 40.
  • the command execution system 40 also comprises a measurement system 45 configured to deliver a set MES of physical and mechanical measurements, relating to the driving devices 41-42-43, to the load, as well as to the environment of the crane 3.
  • the measurement system 45 comprises a set of sensors for measuring the value of the vertical load produced by the load 2.
  • the control device 10 is configured to produce CMD lifting speed setpoints as a function of interactions with a crane operator and for transmitting said CMD lifting speed instructions to the monitoring and control device 20.
  • the CMD lifting speed instructions may in particular include positioning, and / or speed, and / or acceleration instructions, intended in particular to be transmitted to the lifting motor device 41.
  • the control device 10 generally comprises a user interface, for example of the joystick type, which is intended to be manipulated by a crane operator to produce the CMD lifting speed setpoints.
  • the CMD lifting speed setpoints can also be produced by other means, such as an automated piloting device.
  • the monitoring and control device 20 is coupled to the control device 10 to receive the lifting speed setpoints CMD and to the measurement system of the command execution system 40 to receive the set of measurements MES.
  • the monitoring and control device 20 is configured to produce, as a function of the lifting speed setpoints CMD and of the set of measurements MES, optimized lifting speed setpoints CMD 'intended to be executed by the motor device 41 of lifting to move the suspended load 2 in a lifting movement, guaranteeing overall safety when the crane is piloted.
  • the monitoring and control device 20 also comprises a security module 21 adapted to identify the prohibited lifting situations, considered to be abnormal and / or dangerous and / or prohibited.
  • the monitoring and control device 20 is further configured to prohibit the implementation of the CMD lifting speed setpoints when the security module 21 has identified a prohibited lifting situation, and / or produce an alert signal intended to safety devices configured to block the lifting movement and / or put the crane in a secure configuration.
  • the controller 30 is coupled to the command execution system 40 and to the monitoring and control device 20 to receive the optimized instructions for optimized lifting speed CMD ′.
  • the controller 30 is configured to control the lifting motor device 41 belonging to the command execution system 40, as a function of the optimized lifting speed setpoints CMD ′.
  • the controller 30 includes automated control means, for example in a closed loop, in order to control, depending on the information transmitted by the sensors of the measurement system and information included in the optimized lifting speed setpoints CMD ′, the positioning, the speed and / or the acceleration of the mechanical organs of the command execution system 40.
  • FIG. 2 On which is shown a block diagram of the steps of a method, according to the invention, for securing a lifting movement of a load 2 mechanically coupled to a hook 8 of a lifting device by flexible links 9.
  • the method can in particular be implemented by the security module 21 of the monitoring and control device 20.
  • the flexible links 9 are likely to be present, when the load is placed on the ground, either in a tense state (as visible in figure 5b ) either in a relaxed state (as seen in figure 5a ).
  • the flexible links 9 are for example slings.
  • the lifting device is a tower crane
  • the hook 8 is suspended from a boom 4 carried by a mast of a crane.
  • the flexible flexible links 9 are in particular in the relaxed state to allow their mechanical coupling to the load 2 and to the hook 8.
  • the flexible links 9 are in particular in the stretched state, when an operator on the ground carries out the checks of safety required before lifting the load in the air, and when the load is in the air.
  • the method includes a step 110 of detecting the initiation of a transient phase between an initial instant when the load is placed on the ground and a final instant when the load is suspended in the air.
  • the method comprises a step 120 of transmitting a signal for detecting a prohibited lifting situation, if the flexible links 9 are, at at least one instant of the transient phase, in the relaxed state.
  • the detection signal is for example transmitted to the monitoring and control device 20 so that the latter can prohibit the implementation of lifting speed instructions which may worsen the situation.
  • the detection signal is also transmitted to one or more safety devices configured to block the lifting movement and / or put the crane in a secure configuration.
  • the method thus makes it possible to detect the occurrence of an abrupt lifting and to cut the movements before having reached the maximum damage or tilting limits of the machine and of the lifting equipment.
  • the derivative DERIV.CH is then compared to a variation threshold S1.
  • the variation threshold S1 corresponds to a percentage of the maximum admissible load at the current range, where this percentage is for example between 1 and 5%, and in particular of the order of 2 to 4 %.
  • the flexible links 9 are identified as being in a relaxed state; otherwise the flexible links 9 are identified as being in a tense state.
  • a verification duration X can be between 100 and 600 ms, and in particular between 150 and 300 ms depending on the crane.
  • step 220 if during step 220, the derivative DERIV.CH is greater than or equal to the variation threshold S1, a timer can be started, the measurement of the value C being periodically updated.
  • the start of the chronometer is illustrated by point "0", and the following points "1, 2, 3, " illustrate the periodic instants of measurement of the value C of the load.
  • the stopwatch is only stopped when the derivative DERIV.CH again falls below the variation threshold S1, and / or when the elapsed time is at least equal to the duration of verification X.
  • the time sub-period SPT thus measured by the chronometer is greater than or equal to the verification duration X, then it can be identified in step 230 that the flexible links 9 are in the relaxed state.
  • the derivative DERIV.CH is less than the variation threshold S1 for a duration less than the duration of verification X, then the flexible links 9 are identified as being in a tense state.
  • the verification duration X is determined, during a step 290, as a function of the lifting speed VL of the hook, obtained during a step 280, so that the verification time X becomes shorter the higher the lifting speed VL of the hook. It is therefore possible to adapt the reactivity of the process by increasing or decreasing the time necessary to identify that the flexible links 9 are in the relaxed state.
  • the lifting speed VL is high, it is advantageous to react quickly, typically taking as verification time X a duration of the order of 150 ms. If the lifting speed is relatively low, the reliability of detection can be preferred and the reaction time reduced, typically taking as verification time X a duration of the order of 300 ms.
  • a low lifting speed VL corresponds to a speed lower than an intermediate speed VIN
  • a high lifting speed VL corresponds to a speed greater than this intermediate speed VIN while remaining and lower than a maximum authorized speed VMA
  • the intermediate speed VIN is between 0.1 and 0.3 m / s
  • the maximum authorized speed VMA is of the order of 1 to 1.5 m / s .
  • step 240 which follows step 230, the load values C exerted on the hook are determined over a time window of analysis, the initiation of the transient phase being detected only if no oscillation of the load values exerted on the hook, for the analysis time window, are not detected.
  • a diagram represents the evolution of the value C of load exerted on the hook over time, corresponding to a case where the load is suspended in the air and oscillates.
  • a diagram representing the evolution of the load value exerted on the hook over time corresponding to a case where the load is placed on the ground and then raised in the air.
  • an average M can be determined, for the time analysis window of duration D, of the values C of load exerted on the hook.
  • the load value C exerted on the hook can be determined.
  • the oscillation threshold A can vary between 9% and 75% of the maximum authorized load at the current range.
  • the condition ⁇ CM ⁇ A is not fulfilled, indicating a detection of an oscillation, which corresponds to the load suspended in the air and which oscillates.
  • the condition ⁇ CM ⁇ A is well fulfilled, reflecting an absence of oscillation and therefore a case of sudden lifting of the load.
  • an initial value Ci of load exerted on the hook is determined (see Figures 7a and 7b ) at the time when the stopwatch is started or at time “1” following, in other words as soon as the derivative DERIV.CH is detected as being greater than or equal to the variation threshold S1.
  • the initial value Ci of load exerted on the hook is less than or equal to a load threshold S2
  • the load is identified as placed on the ground.
  • the initial value Ci of charge is quite low during the initiation of the transitional phase, prior to takeoff of the load.
  • the method makes it possible to effectively identify the situations in which the load takes off, and not those where the latter is already in the air, which makes it possible to reach a final step 260 in which is confirmed that the load was on the ground and took off with the slings 9 stretched.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des engins de levage, plus spécifiquement des grues à tour, et en particulier aux moyens de sécurisation d'un mouvement de levage d'une charge.The present invention relates to the field of lifting machines, more specifically tower cranes, and in particular to means for securing a movement for lifting a load.

Selon une configuration usuelle, une grue à tour comprend un mât vertical, une flèche, portée par le mât et orientable en azimut autour du mât selon un mouvement dit d'orientation, ainsi qu'un chariot qui est monté mobile en translation radiale le long de ladite flèche réalisant ainsi un mouvement dit de distribution. Le chariot porte un crochet, suspendu au chariot par un câble dont la longueur est modifiable au moyen d'un treuil qui commande ainsi le mouvement vertical dudit crochet, dit mouvement de levage. La charge est couplée mécaniquement au crochet au moyen d'élingues.According to a usual configuration, a tower crane comprises a vertical mast, a jib, carried by the mast and orientable in azimuth around the mast according to a so-called orientation movement, as well as a carriage which is mounted movable in radial translation along of said arrow thus achieving a so-called distribution movement. The carriage carries a hook, suspended from the carriage by a cable, the length of which can be modified by means of a winch which thus controls the vertical movement of said hook, called the lifting movement. The load is mechanically coupled to the hook by means of slings.

Il est connu de munir une grue d'un système embarqué de sécurité configuré pour bloquer/interdire l'exécution, par les organes moteurs de la grue, de commandes produites selon les instructions du grutier, susceptibles d'engendrer des mouvements considérés comme dangereux ou inappropriés.It is known to provide a crane with an on-board safety system configured to block / prohibit the execution, by the crane's driving members, of commands produced according to the instructions of the crane operator, likely to cause movements considered to be dangerous or inappropriate.

La phase de transition, au cours de laquelle la charge posée au sol est soulevée en l'air, requiert une attention particulière. Ainsi, dans le cas d'un levage traditionnel, le grutier s'assure que le décollage de la charge s'effectue à vitesse réduite. Dans l'hypothèse où la valeur de la charge mesurée dépasse un seuil déterminé, le système de sécurité est configuré pour bloquer le mouvement de levage avant que cette dernière ne quitte le sol. Le système de contrôle commande peut encore comporter, comme décrit dans le document de brevet US 8 708 170 , des moyens pour limiter les oscillations observées lors du mouvement de levage, notamment par détection du passage de l'état statique où la charge est posée au sol à l'état suspendu, et par limitation de la vitesse du mouvement de levage lors de la transition entre lesdits états.The transition phase, during which the load placed on the ground is lifted in the air, requires special attention. Thus, in the case of a traditional lifting, the crane operator ensures that the takeoff of the load is carried out at reduced speed. In the event that the value of the measured load exceeds a determined threshold, the security system is configured to block the lifting movement before the latter leaves the ground. The control system may also include, as described in the patent document US 8,708,170 , means for limiting the oscillations observed during the lifting movement, in particular by detecting the passage from the static state where the load is placed on the ground in the suspended state, and by limiting the speed of the lifting movement during the transition between said states.

Cependant, aucun système de contrôle commande connu ne comporte de moyens pour interdire le décollage de la charge posée au sol, si les élingues n'ont pas été tendues préalablement à cette opération comme le requièrent les règles de sécurité. En effet, ces dernières prévoient qu'un opérateur au sol fixe les élingues détendues, à la charge et au crochet de la grue. Puis, à faible vitesse, le grutier réalise un mouvement de levage pour tendre les élingues, en s'assurant toutefois que la charge ne décolle pas du sol. L'opérateur au sol peut alors s'assurer du bon élinguage et de l'équilibrage de la charge restée au sol. Si la vérification s'avère concluante, le grutier peut alors déclencher un mouvement de levage pour soulever la charge dans les airs. Une fois la charge en l'air seulement, le grutier peut augmenter la vitesse du mouvement de levage.However, no known command and control system includes means for preventing takeoff of the load placed on the ground, if the slings have not been tensioned before this operation as required by safety rules. Indeed, the latter provide that an operator on the ground fixes the slings relaxed, to the load and to the hook of the crane. Then, at low speed, the crane operator makes a lifting movement to tension the slings, making sure, however, that the load does not take off from the ground. The operator on the ground can then ensure that the sling is properly balanced and that the load remaining on the ground is balanced. If the verification proves conclusive, the crane operator can then initiate a lifting movement to lift the load in the tunes. Once the load in the air only, the crane operator can increase the speed of the lifting movement.

Les systèmes de sécurité connus n'étant pas configurés pour détecter un levage brusque de la charge attachée au crochet avec des élingues détendues, la charge peut donc être soulevée dans les airs, bien qu'elle dépasse la charge maximale autorisée. En effet, la vitesse du mouvement de levage étant élevée et les élingues étant détendues, il est possible que la mesure de la valeur de la charge ne puisse être réalisée qu'une fois la charge dans les airs. Ces manipulations peuvent donc provoquer le basculement de la grue, ou encore la casse de certains composants - câble, élingues, oreille de levage, partie de chariot, partie de moufle, flèche, etc.Known safety systems are not configured to detect an abrupt lifting of the load attached to the hook with slings relaxed, the load can therefore be lifted in the air, although it exceeds the maximum authorized load. Indeed, the speed of the lifting movement being high and the slings being relaxed, it is possible that the measurement of the value of the load can only be carried out once the load in the air. These manipulations can therefore cause the crane to tip over, or even break certain components - cable, slings, lifting lug, carriage part, muffle part, boom, etc.

C'est pourquoi il existe encore un besoin pour des moyens aptes à détecter, afin de les interdire, les mouvements de levage d'une charge posée au sol dans les airs, si les élingues couplées mécaniquement à la charge et au crochet ne sont pas tendues.This is why there is still a need for means capable of detecting, in order to prohibit them, the lifting movements of a load placed on the ground in the air, if the slings mechanically coupled to the load and to the hook are not tense.

Un des objets de l'invention est d'améliorer la sécurité de manière générale des dispositifs de levage équipés de moyens de traitement et d'un capteur apte à mesurer la valeur de la charge exercé sur le crochet. Un autre objet de l'invention est de réduire le risque de basculement d'une grue ou de la casse de matériel lié à un mouvement de levage, élingues détendues.One of the objects of the invention is to improve the safety in general of lifting devices equipped with processing means and a sensor capable of measuring the value of the load exerted on the hook. Another object of the invention is to reduce the risk of a crane tipping over or breaking of equipment linked to a lifting movement, slings relaxed.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir des moyens pour améliorer la sécurité de manière générale des dispositifs de levage, conçus pour réduire le risque d'identifier, à tort, une situation dangereuse, typiquement lorsque la charge est déjà décollée.Another object of the invention is to provide means for generally improving the safety of lifting devices, designed to reduce the risk of wrongly identifying a dangerous situation, typically when the load is already taken off.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de permettre la détection de l'occurrence d'un levage brusque et de permettre d'interdire/bloquer le mouvement de levage correspondant avant d'avoir atteint les limites maximales d'endommagement ou de basculement du dispositif de levage et des apparaux de levage.Another object of the invention is to allow the detection of the occurrence of an abrupt lifting and to make it possible to prohibit / block the corresponding lifting movement before having reached the maximum damage or tilting limits of the device. lifting gear and lifting gear.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de permettre un traitement dynamique de nombreux paramètres pertinents pour la détection d'un mouvement de levage, élingues détendues, lesdits paramètres étant facilement adaptables à chaque type de grue.Another object of the invention is to allow dynamic processing of numerous parameters relevant for the detection of a lifting movement, slings relaxed, said parameters being easily adaptable to each type of crane.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir des moyens pour améliorer la sécurité de manière générale des dispositifs de levage, peu coûteux en termes de matériel nécessaire et de main d'œuvre.Another object of the invention is to provide means for improving the safety in general of lifting devices, inexpensive in terms of necessary equipment and labor.

Un autre objet de l'invention est de fournir des moyens, pour améliorer la sécurité de manière générale des dispositifs de levage, fiables dans le temps et robuste aux pannes.Another object of the invention is to provide means, in general for improving the safety of lifting devices, reliable over time and robust against breakdowns.

Un ou plusieurs de ces objets sont remplis par le dispositif selon la revendication indépendante. Les revendications dépendantes fournissent en outre des solutions à ces objets et/ou d'autres avantages.One or more of these objects are fulfilled by the device according to the independent claim. The dependent claims further provide solutions to these objects and / or other advantages.

Plus particulièrement, selon un premier aspect, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de sécurisation d'un mouvement de levage d'une charge couplée mécaniquement à un crochet d'un dispositif de levage par des liens souples, les liens souples étant susceptibles de se présenter, lorsque la charge est posée au sol, soit dans un état tendu soit dans un état détendu. Le procédé comporte les étapes suivantes:

  • une étape de détection de l'initiation d'une phase transitoire entre un instant initial où la charge est posée au sol et un instant final où la charge est suspendue dans les airs;
  • une étape d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite, si les liens souples se trouvent, à au moins un instant de la phase transitoire, dans l'état détendu.
More particularly, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for securing a lifting movement of a load mechanically coupled to a hook of a lifting device by flexible links, the flexible links being capable of present themselves, when the load is placed on the ground, either in a tense or in a relaxed state. The process includes the following steps:
  • a step of detecting the initiation of a transient phase between an initial instant when the load is placed on the ground and a final instant when the load is suspended in the air;
  • a step of transmitting a detection signal of a prohibited lifting situation, if the flexible links are, at at least one instant of the transient phase, in the relaxed state.

Au cours de l'étape d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite, on peut déterminer si les liens souples se trouvent dans l'état détendu en:

  • déterminant une valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet;
  • déterminant la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps;
  • identifiant que les liens souples se trouvent dans l'état détendu si la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps est supérieure ou égale à un seuil de variation.
During the step of transmitting a detection signal of a prohibited lifting situation, it can be determined whether the flexible links are in the relaxed state by:
  • determining a load value exerted on the hook;
  • determining the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time;
  • identifying that the flexible links are in the relaxed state if the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time is greater than or equal to a variation threshold.

À la place de la valeur de la charge exercée sur le crochet, il est également possible d'utiliser une valeur équivalente, par exemple une mesure de couple mécanique équivalente, une mesure de courant d'un moteur de levage fonction de la valeur de la charge, etc.Instead of the value of the load exerted on the hook, it is also possible to use an equivalent value, for example an equivalent measurement of mechanical torque, a measurement of the current of a lifting motor depending on the value of the charge, etc.

Au cours de l'étape d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite, on peut identifier que les liens souples se trouvent dans l'état détendu, si la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps est supérieure ou égale au seuil de variation, pendant une sous-période temporelle de la phase transitoire dont la durée est supérieure à une durée de vérification. En particulier, avantageusement, on peut déterminer la vitesse de levage du crochet, la durée de vérification étant alors déterminée en fonction de la vitesse de levage de sorte que la durée de vérification est d'autant plus courte que la vitesse de levage du crochet est grande.During the step of transmitting a detection signal of a prohibited lifting situation, it can be identified that the flexible links are in the relaxed state, if the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time is greater than or equal to the threshold of variation, during a temporal sub-period of the transient phase whose duration is longer than a verification period. In particular, advantageously, it is possible to determine the lifting speed of the hook, the verification duration then being determined as a function of the lifting speed so that the verification duration is all the shorter as the lifting speed of the hook is big.

Au cours de l'étape de détection de l'initiation de la phase transitoire, on peut déterminer, sur une fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, les valeurs de charge exercée sur le crochet, l'initiation de la phase transitoire étant détectée seulement si aucune oscillation des valeurs de charge exercée sur le crochet, pour la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, n'est détectée. Dans un mode de réalisation, au cours de l'étape de détection de l'initiation de la phase transitoire :

  • on détermine une moyenne, pour la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, des valeurs de charge exercée sur le crochet;
  • à l'issue d'une période d'attente après la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, on détermine la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet;
    l'initiation de la phase transitoire étant détectée, au cours de l'étape de détection de l'initiation de la phase transitoire, seulement si la différence entre d'une part la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet à l'issue de la période d'attente et d'autre part la moyenne, pour la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, des valeurs de charge exercée, est inférieure ou égale à un seuil d'oscillation.
During the step of detecting the initiation of the transient phase, it is possible to determine, over a time window of analysis, the load values exerted on the hook, the initiation of the transient phase being detected only if none oscillation of the load values exerted on the hook, for the analysis time window, is not detected. In one embodiment, during the step of detecting the initiation of the transient phase:
  • an average is determined, for the analysis time window, of the load values exerted on the hook;
  • at the end of a waiting period after the analysis time window, the load value exerted on the hook is determined;
    the initiation of the transient phase being detected, during the step of detecting the initiation of the transient phase, only if the difference between on the one hand the load value exerted on the hook at the end of the waiting period and on the other hand the average, for the analysis time window, of the load values exerted, is less than or equal to an oscillation threshold.

Lorsque la charge est suspendue, les dynamiques provoquées par les mouvements de levage et de distribution, provoquent des oscillations du système et perturbent la mesure de la valeur charge. Ces perturbations peuvent créer des évolutions de charge brusques identiques au phénomène de décollage élingues détendues. La détection de ces oscillations permet donc de distinguer les cas de décollage de charge élingues détendues des cas d'oscillations du système dues à une utilisation considérée comme normale du dispositif de levage.When the load is suspended, the dynamics caused by the lifting and distributing movements cause the system to oscillate and disturb the measurement of the load value. These disturbances can create sudden load changes identical to the loose slings takeoff phenomenon. The detection of these oscillations therefore makes it possible to distinguish the cases of loose sling load takeoff from the cases of system oscillations due to use considered as normal of the lifting device.

Au cours de l'étape de détection de l'initiation de la phase transitoire, l'initiation de la phase transitoire étant détectée, l'initiation de la phase transitoire est détectée seulement si une valeur initiale de charge exercée sur le crochet est inférieure ou égale à un seuil de charge, cette valeur initiale étant établie au moment où la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps est détectée comme étant supérieure ou égale au seuil de variation.During the step of detecting the initiation of the transient phase, the initiation of the transient phase being detected, the initiation of the transient phase is detected only if an initial value of load exerted on the hook is lower or equal to a load threshold, this initial value being established when the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time is detected as being greater than or equal to the variation threshold.

Ainsi, il est possible de réduire des détections abusives, en vérifiant que la valeur de la charge est relativement faible au moment où la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps est forte, condition remplie lorsque la phase transitoire est initiée.Thus, it is possible to reduce abusive detections, by checking that the value of the load is relatively low at the moment when the derivative of the value of load exerted on the hook compared to time is strong, condition fulfilled when the transient phase is initiated.

Dans une réalisation avantageuse, l'étape d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite déclenche automatiquement une étape de coupure du mouvement de levage de la charge.In an advantageous embodiment, the step of transmitting a detection signal of a prohibited lifting situation automatically triggers a step of cutting the lifting movement of the load.

Dans une réalisation favorite, et non limitative, le procédé selon l'invention est mis en œuvre dans une grue à tour.In a preferred and non-limiting embodiment, the method according to the invention is implemented in a tower crane.

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention se rapporte à un programme d'ordinateur comportant des instructions pour l'exécution des étapes du procédé selon le premier aspect, lorsque ledit programme est exécuté par un processeur.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a computer program comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method according to the first aspect, when said program is executed by a processor.

Chacun de ces programmes peut utiliser n'importe quel langage de programmation, et être sous la forme de code source, code objet, ou de code intermédiaire entre code source et code objet, tel que dans une forme partiellement compilée, ou dans n'importe quelle autre forme souhaitable. □En particulier, il est possible d'utiliser le langage C/C++, le langageTM des langages de script, tels que notamment tcl, javascript, python, perl qui permettent une génération de code « à la demande » et ne nécessitent pas de surcharge significative pour leur génération ou leur modification.Each of these programs can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any what other desirable form. □ In particular, it is possible to use the C / C ++ language, the languageTM of scripting languages, such as in particular tcl, javascript, python, perl which allow generation of code "on demand" and do not require overloading significant for their generation or modification.

Selon un troisième aspect, l'invention se rapporte à un support d'enregistrement lisible par un ordinateur sur lequel est enregistré un programme d'ordinateur comprenant des instructions pour l'exécution des étapes du procédé selon le premier aspect.According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a recording medium readable by a computer on which a computer program is recorded comprising instructions for the execution of the steps of the method according to the first aspect.

Le support d'informations peut être n'importe quelle entité ou n'importe quel dispositif capable de stocker le programme. Par exemple, le support peut comporter un moyen de stockage, tel qu'une ROM, par exemple un CD-ROM ou une ROM de circuit microélectronique, ou encore un moyen d'enregistrement magnétique, par exemple une disquette ou un disque dur. D'autre part, le support d'informations peut être un support transmissible tel qu'un signal électrique ou optique, qui peut être acheminé par un câble électrique ou optique, par radio ou par d'autres moyens. Le programme selon l'invention peut être en particulier téléchargé sur un réseau Internet ou Intranet. Alternativement, le support d'informations peut être un circuit intégré dans lequel le programme est incorporé, le circuit étant adapté pour exécuter ou pour être utilisé dans l'exécution du procédé en question.The information medium can be any entity or any device capable of storing the program. For example, the support may include a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD-ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or else a magnetic recording means, for example a floppy disk or a hard disk. On the other hand, the information medium can be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed by an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means. The program according to the invention can in particular be downloaded from an Internet or Intranet network. Alternatively, the information medium can be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.

Selon un quatrième aspect, l'invention se rapporte également à un module de sécurisation, adapté à mettre en œuvre le procédé selon le premier aspect, d'un mouvement de levage d'une charge couplée mécaniquement à un crochet d'un dispositif de levage par des liens souples, les liens souples étant susceptibles de se présenter, lorsque la charge est posée au sol, soit dans un état tendu soit dans un état détendu. Le module comporte:

  • des moyens de détection de l'initiation d'une phase transitoire entre un instant initial où la charge est posée au sol et un instant final où la charge est suspendue dans les airs;
  • des moyens d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite, si les liens souples se trouvent, à au moins un instant de la phase transitoire, dans l'état détendu.
According to a fourth aspect, the invention also relates to a security module, suitable for implementing the method according to the first aspect, of a lifting movement of a load mechanically coupled to a hook of a lifting device by flexible links, flexible links being liable to arise, when the load is placed on the ground, either in a tense state or in a relaxed state. The module includes:
  • means for detecting the initiation of a transient phase between an initial instant when the charge is placed on the ground and a final instant when the charge is suspended in the air;
  • means for transmitting a signal for detecting a prohibited lifting situation, if the flexible links are, at at least one instant of the transient phase, in the relaxed state.

En particulier, les moyens d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite peuvent être configurés pour déterminer si les liens souples se trouvent dans l'état détendu en:

  • déterminant une valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet;
  • déterminant la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps;
  • identifiant que les liens souples se trouvent dans l'état détendu si la dérivée de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet par rapport au temps est supérieure ou égale à un seuil de variation.
In particular, the means for transmitting a signal for detecting a prohibited lifting situation can be configured to determine whether the flexible links are in the relaxed state by:
  • determining a load value exerted on the hook;
  • determining the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time;
  • identifying that the flexible links are in the relaxed state if the derivative of the load value exerted on the hook with respect to time is greater than or equal to a variation threshold.

Selon un cinquième aspect, l'invention se rapporte également à un dispositif de levage comportant un module de sécurisation selon le quatrième aspect, comme par exemple une grue à tour.According to a fifth aspect, the invention also relates to a lifting device comprising a securing module according to the fourth aspect, such as for example a tower crane.

L'invention peut aussi s'appliquer à d'autres familles de grues - grue à flèche relevable, etc. - en transposant les calculs réalisés selon le modèle de l'invention à la géométrie desdites grues.The invention can also be applied to other families of cranes - lifting jib crane, etc. - by transposing the calculations made according to the model of the invention to the geometry of said cranes.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront, dans la description ci-après de modes de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma d'architecture d'un système de contrôle de levage d'une charge, selon un mode de réalisation;
  • la figure 2 est un synoptique des étapes d'un procédé de sécurisation d'un mouvement de levage d'une charge selon l'invention;
  • la figure 3 est un synoptique des étapes d'un procédé de sécurisation d'un mouvement de levage d'une charge, selon un mode de réalisation détaillée par l'invention;
  • la figure 4 représente, un schéma de principe utilisé pour décrire une grue à tour ;
  • la figure 5a représente schématiquement la charge posée au sol entourée par des élingues détendues fixées au crochet;
  • la figure 5b représente schématiquement la charge posée au sol entourée par des élingues tendues, fixé au crochet;
  • la figure 6a est un diagramme représentant la variation au cours du temps t de la valeur C de la charge exercée sur le crochet, lorsque le mouvement de levage a été réalisé alors que les élingues étaient tendues, à vitesse réduite;
  • la figure 6b est un diagramme représentant la variation au cours du temps t de la valeur C de la charge exercée sur le crochet, lorsque le mouvement de levage a été réalisé alors que les élingues étaient détendues;
  • la figure 7a est un diagramme représentant un signal de variation de la valeur C de la charge au cours du temps t, correspondant à un cas où la charge est suspendue dans les airs et oscille;
  • la figure 7b est un diagramme représentant un signal de variation de la valeur C de la charge au cours du temps t, correspondant à un cas où la charge est posée au sol avant d'être suspendue dans les airs.
Other particularities and advantages of the present invention will appear in the description below of embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is an architectural diagram of a load lifting control system, according to one embodiment;
  • the figure 2 is a block diagram of the steps of a method for securing a movement for lifting a load according to the invention;
  • the figure 3 is a block diagram of the steps of a method for securing a movement for lifting a load, according to an embodiment detailed by the invention;
  • the figure 4 represents, a block diagram used to describe a tower crane;
  • the figure 5a schematically represents the load placed on the ground surrounded by relaxed slings attached to the hook;
  • the figure 5b schematically represents the load placed on the ground surrounded by tensioned slings, attached to the hook;
  • the figure 6a is a diagram representing the variation over time t of the value C of the load exerted on the hook, when the lifting movement has been carried out while the slings were tensioned, at reduced speed;
  • the figure 6b is a diagram representing the variation over time t of the value C of the load exerted on the hook, when the lifting movement was carried out while the slings were relaxed;
  • the figure 7a is a diagram representing a signal for variation of the value C of the load over time t, corresponding to a case where the load is suspended in the air and oscillates;
  • the figure 7b is a diagram representing a signal for variation of the value C of the load over time t, corresponding to a case where the load is placed on the ground before being suspended in the air.

On se réfère à la figure 1, sur laquelle est représenté un système 1 de contrôle de levage d'une charge 2. Ce système est applicable à un dispositif de levage de charges tel qu'une grue 3 à tour.We refer to the figure 1 , on which a system 1 for lifting a load 2 is shown. This system is applicable to a load lifting device such as a tower crane 3.

En référence à la figure 4, il est envisageable d'appliquer le système 1 à tout type de grue 3 comprenant une flèche 4 qui est orientable en lacet autour d'un axe vertical (ZZ'), selon un mouvement d'orientation, et qui est agencée de sorte que la charge 2 soit suspendue à ladite flèche 4 au moyen de liens souples 9 (ou élingues) couplés à un crochet 8 porté par un câble 5, et ce de telle manière que ladite grue 3 puisse modifier la distance radiale de ladite charge 2 par rapport à l'axe vertical, selon un mouvement de distribution, ainsi que la longueur du câble 5 qui relie la flèche 4 à la charge 2, selon un mouvement dit de levage, afin de pouvoir modifier l'altitude de la charge 2.With reference to the figure 4 , it is conceivable to apply the system 1 to any type of crane 3 comprising a jib 4 which is orientable in yaw around a vertical axis (ZZ '), according to an orientation movement, and which is arranged so that the load 2 is suspended from said boom 4 by means of flexible links 9 (or slings) coupled to a hook 8 carried by a cable 5, and in such a way that said crane 3 can modify the radial distance of said load 2 relative to to the vertical axis, according to a distribution movement, as well as the length of the cable 5 which connects the arrow 4 to the load 2, according to a so-called lifting movement, in order to be able to modify the altitude of the load 2.

La grue 3 peut ainsi former par exemple une grue à flèche relevable (flèche basculante), une grue télescopique, ou, de façon particulièrement préférentielle, une grue à tour.The crane 3 can thus form for example a crane with lifting jib (tilting jib), a telescopic crane, or, in a particularly preferred manner, a tower crane.

Les liens souples 9, autrement appelés élingues, sont des accessoires de levage souple, fabriquées typiquement à partir de cordes, câbles et/ou chaînes, pourvus à leurs extrémités de dispositifs de fixation - tel que des crochets, manilles ou anneaux de levage, destinés à être couplés au crochet 8 de la grue.Flexible links 9, otherwise known as slings, are flexible lifting accessories, typically made from ropes, cables and / or chains, provided at their ends with fixing devices - such as hooks, shackles or lifting rings, intended to be coupled to hook 8 of the crane.

Une fois positionnées, les liens souples 9 sont fixés à la charge, pour permettre à la grue de déplacer cette dernière. Les liens souples 9 peuvent encore également comporter d'autres éléments de fixation - par exemple des manilles - de sorte à permettre leur couplage mécanique à la charge.Once positioned, the flexible links 9 are fixed to the load, to allow the crane to move the latter. The flexible links 9 may also also include other fixing elements - for example shackles - so as to allow their mechanical coupling to the load.

Dans l'exemple non limitatif suivant, la grue à tour comprend un mât 6 vertical, qui matérialise l'axe vertical (ZZ'), une flèche 4 portée par le mât 6 et orientable en azimut (lacet) autour du mât 6, ainsi qu'un chariot 7 qui est monté mobile en translation radiale le long de ladite flèche.In the following nonlimiting example, the tower crane comprises a vertical mast 6, which materializes the vertical axis (ZZ '), an arrow 4 carried by the mast 6 and orientable in azimuth (yaw) around the mast 6, thus that a carriage 7 which is mounted movable in radial translation along said arrow.

Dans ce qui suit, on assimilera, par simple commodité de description, les moyens de couplage mécanique de la charge 2 au crochet 8 de la grue à des élingues 9 formant pour rappel des liens souples.In what follows, for convenience of description, the means for mechanically coupling the load 2 to the hook 8 of the crane will be assimilated to slings 9 forming, as a reminder, flexible links.

On décrit maintenant la procédure sécurisée requise selon les règles de l'art pour entrainer la charge 2 dans un mouvement de levage depuis le sol jusque dans les airs, en référence aux figures 5a et 5b dans lesquelles est représentée la charge 2 posée au sol, dans un état statique.We now describe the secure procedure required according to the rules of the art to entrain the load 2 in a lifting movement from the ground to the air, with reference to Figures 5a and 5b in which is shown the load 2 placed on the ground, in a static state.

Dans un premier temps, représenté sur la figure 5a, les élingues 9 sont solidarisées de la charge 2: typiquement, un opérateur au sol entoure la charge 2 avec les élingues 9, et fixe ces dernières au crochet 8 de la grue. En variante, les élingues 9 peuvent être fixées à une plateforme 90 sur laquelle est posée la charge 2. Pour réaliser cette opération, les élingues 9 doivent être détendues.First, represented on the figure 5a , the slings 9 are secured to the load 2: typically, an operator on the ground surrounds the load 2 with the slings 9, and fixes the latter to the hook 8 of the crane. As a variant, the slings 9 can be fixed to a platform 90 on which the load 2 is placed. To carry out this operation, the slings 9 must be relaxed.

Puis, dans un deuxième temps, le grutier débute un mouvement de levage du crochet 8, à faible vitesse, de sorte à tendre les élingues, comme représenté sur la figure 5b. La charge demeure dans l'état statique, posée au sol et ne doit pas quitter le sol. L'opérateur au sol s'assure alors du bon élinguage et équilibrage de la charge restée au sol. Après confirmation par l'opérateur au sol, le grutier procède à un nouveau mouvement de levage, les élingues étant préalablement tendues, entrainant cette fois la charge 2 dans les airs. La charge 2 se trouve alors dans un état suspendu (non représenté sur les figures).Then, in a second step, the crane operator begins a lifting movement of the hook 8, at low speed, so as to tension the slings, as shown in the figure 5b . The load remains in the static state, placed on the ground and must not leave the ground. The operator on the ground then ensures proper slinging and balancing of the load remaining on the ground. After confirmation by the operator on the ground, the crane operator performs a new lifting movement, the slings being tensioned beforehand, this time carrying load 2 in the air. Load 2 is then in a suspended state (not shown in the figures).

La transition de l'état statique vers l'état suspendue de la charge 2 doit impérativement, pour des raisons de sécurité, être réalisée uniquement lorsque les élingues sont tendues.The transition from the static state to the suspended state of the load 2 must imperatively, for safety reasons, be carried out only when the slings are tensioned.

La figure 6a montre, sur un diagramme, la variation au cours du temps de la valeur C de la charge exercée sur le crochet 8, lorsque le mouvement de levage a été réalisé alors que les élingues étaient tendues, à vitesse réduite. Par contraste, la figure 6b montre, sur un diagramme, la variation au cours du temps de la valeur C de la charge exercée sur le crochet 8, lorsque le mouvement de levage a été réalisé alors que les élingues étaient détendues, contrairement à ce que prévoit la procédure sécurisée. On constate en particulier que la variation au court du temps de la valeur C de la charge est bien plus importante que dans l'exemple de la figure 6a.The figure 6a shows, on a diagram, the variation over time of the value C of the load exerted on the hook 8, when the lifting movement was carried out while the slings were stretched, at reduced speed. In contrast, the figure 6b shows, on a diagram, the variation over time of the value C of the load exerted on the hook 8, when the lifting movement was carried out while the slings were relaxed, contrary to what the secure procedure provides. It is observed in particular that the variation over time of the value C of the charge is much greater than in the example of the figure 6a .

Le système 1 de contrôle de commande comporte en particulier un dispositif de pilotage 10, un dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20, un contrôleur 30, et un système d'exécution de commandes 40.The command control system 1 comprises in particular a control device 10, a monitoring and control device 20, a controller 30, and a command execution system 40.

Le système d'exécution de commandes 40 comporte typiquement :

  • un dispositif moteur 41 de levage couplé au treuil, apte à déplacer la charge 2 selon un mouvement de levage, en fonction de consignes reçues;
  • un dispositif moteur 42 de distribution couplé au chariot 7, apte à déplacer ledit chariot 7 selon un mouvement de distribution, en fonction de consignes reçues;
  • un dispositif moteur 43 d'orientation couplé à la flèche 4, apte à déplacer ladite flèche, et donc le chariot 7 et la charge 2 selon un mouvement d'orientation, en fonction des consignes reçues.
The command execution system 40 typically comprises:
  • a lifting motor device 41 coupled to the winch, able to move the load 2 in a lifting movement, according to instructions received;
  • a dispensing motor device 42 coupled to the carriage 7, capable of moving said carriage 7 according to a distribution movement, as a function of instructions received;
  • an orientation motor device 43 coupled to the arrow 4, capable of moving said arrow, and therefore the carriage 7 and the load 2 according to an orientation movement, according to the instructions received.

Le système d'exécution de commandes 40 comporte également un système de mesure 45 configuré pour délivrer un ensemble MES de mesures physiques et mécaniques, relatives aux dispositifs moteurs 41-42-43, à la charge, ainsi qu'à l'environnement de la grue 3.The command execution system 40 also comprises a measurement system 45 configured to deliver a set MES of physical and mechanical measurements, relating to the driving devices 41-42-43, to the load, as well as to the environment of the crane 3.

Plus particulièrement, le système de mesure 45 comporte un ensemble de capteurs pour mesurer la valeur de la charge verticale produite par la charge 2.More particularly, the measurement system 45 comprises a set of sensors for measuring the value of the vertical load produced by the load 2.

Le dispositif de pilotage 10 est configuré pour produire des consignes de vitesse de levage CMD en fonction d'interactions avec un opérateur de grue et pour transmettre lesdites consignes de vitesse de levage CMD au dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20. Les consignes de vitesse de levage CMD peuvent comporter notamment des consignes de positionnement, et/ou de vitesse, et/ou d'accélération, destinées en particulier à être transmises au dispositif moteur 41 de levage.The control device 10 is configured to produce CMD lifting speed setpoints as a function of interactions with a crane operator and for transmitting said CMD lifting speed instructions to the monitoring and control device 20. The CMD lifting speed instructions may in particular include positioning, and / or speed, and / or acceleration instructions, intended in particular to be transmitted to the lifting motor device 41.

Le dispositif de pilotage 10 comprend généralement une interface utilisateur, par exemple du genre joystick, qui est destinée à être manipulée par un opérateur de grue pour produire les consignes de vitesse de levage CMD. Toutefois, les consignes de vitesse de levage CMD peuvent également être produites par d'autres moyens, tel un dispositif automatisé de pilotage.The control device 10 generally comprises a user interface, for example of the joystick type, which is intended to be manipulated by a crane operator to produce the CMD lifting speed setpoints. However, the CMD lifting speed setpoints can also be produced by other means, such as an automated piloting device.

Le dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20 est couplé au dispositif de pilotage 10 pour recevoir les consignes de vitesse de levage CMD et au système de mesure du système d'exécution de commandes 40 pour recevoir l'ensemble MES de mesures.The monitoring and control device 20 is coupled to the control device 10 to receive the lifting speed setpoints CMD and to the measurement system of the command execution system 40 to receive the set of measurements MES.

Le dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20 est configuré pour produire, en fonction des consignes de vitesse de levage CMD et de l'ensemble MES de mesures, des consignes de vitesse de levage optimisées CMD' destinées à être exécutées par le dispositif moteur 41 de levage pour déplacer selon un mouvement de levage la charge suspendue 2, en garantissant la sécurité globale lors du pilotage de la grue. Selon l'invention, le dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20 comporte encore un module de sécurisation 21 adapté à identifier les situations proscrites de levage, considérées comme anormales et/ou dangereuses et/ou interdites. Le dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20 est en outre configuré pour interdire la mise en œuvre des consignes de vitesse de levage CMD lorsque le module de sécurisation 21 a identifié une situation proscrite de levage, et/ou produire un signal d'alerte destiné à des dispositifs de sécurité configurés pour bloquer le mouvement de levage et/ou mettre la grue dans une configuration sécurisée.The monitoring and control device 20 is configured to produce, as a function of the lifting speed setpoints CMD and of the set of measurements MES, optimized lifting speed setpoints CMD 'intended to be executed by the motor device 41 of lifting to move the suspended load 2 in a lifting movement, guaranteeing overall safety when the crane is piloted. According to the invention, the monitoring and control device 20 also comprises a security module 21 adapted to identify the prohibited lifting situations, considered to be abnormal and / or dangerous and / or prohibited. The monitoring and control device 20 is further configured to prohibit the implementation of the CMD lifting speed setpoints when the security module 21 has identified a prohibited lifting situation, and / or produce an alert signal intended to safety devices configured to block the lifting movement and / or put the crane in a secure configuration.

Le contrôleur 30 est couplé au système d'exécution de commandes 40 et au dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20 pour recevoir les consignes optimisées de vitesse de levage optimisées CMD'.The controller 30 is coupled to the command execution system 40 and to the monitoring and control device 20 to receive the optimized instructions for optimized lifting speed CMD ′.

Le contrôleur 30 est configuré pour contrôler le dispositif moteur 41 de levage appartenant au système d'exécution de commandes 40, en fonction des consignes optimisées de vitesse de levage optimisées CMD'.The controller 30 is configured to control the lifting motor device 41 belonging to the command execution system 40, as a function of the optimized lifting speed setpoints CMD ′.

Typiquement, le contrôleur 30 comporte des moyens automatisés de contrôle, par exemple en boucle fermée, afin de contrôler, en fonction des informations transmises par les capteurs du système de mesure et des informations comprises dans les consignes de vitesse de levage optimisées CMD', le positionnement, la vitesse et/ou l'accélération des organes mécaniques du système d'exécution de commandes 40.Typically, the controller 30 includes automated control means, for example in a closed loop, in order to control, depending on the information transmitted by the sensors of the measurement system and information included in the optimized lifting speed setpoints CMD ′, the positioning, the speed and / or the acceleration of the mechanical organs of the command execution system 40.

On se réfère à la figure 2, sur laquelle est représenté un synoptique des étapes d'un procédé, selon l'invention, de sécurisation d'un mouvement de levage d'une charge 2 couplée mécaniquement à un crochet 8 d'un dispositif de levage par des liens souples 9. Le procédé peut en particulier être mis en oeuvre par le module de sécurisation 21 du dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20.We refer to the figure 2 , on which is shown a block diagram of the steps of a method, according to the invention, for securing a lifting movement of a load 2 mechanically coupled to a hook 8 of a lifting device by flexible links 9. The method can in particular be implemented by the security module 21 of the monitoring and control device 20.

Les liens souples 9 sont susceptibles de se présenter, lorsque la charge est posée au sol, soit dans un état tendu (comme visible en figure 5b) soit dans un état détendu (comme visible en figure 5a). Les liens souples 9 sont par exemple des élingues. Dans le cas où le dispositif de levage est une grue à tour, le crochet 8 est suspendu à une flèche 4 portée par un mât d'une grue. Les liens souples 9 souples se trouvent en particulier dans l'état détendu pour permettre leur couplage mécanique à la charge 2 et au crochet 8. Les liens souples 9 se trouvent notamment dans l'état tendu, lorsque un opérateur au sol effectue les contrôles de sécurité nécessaires avant le levage de la charge dans les airs, et lorsque la charge est dans les airs.The flexible links 9 are likely to be present, when the load is placed on the ground, either in a tense state (as visible in figure 5b ) either in a relaxed state (as seen in figure 5a ). The flexible links 9 are for example slings. In the case where the lifting device is a tower crane, the hook 8 is suspended from a boom 4 carried by a mast of a crane. The flexible flexible links 9 are in particular in the relaxed state to allow their mechanical coupling to the load 2 and to the hook 8. The flexible links 9 are in particular in the stretched state, when an operator on the ground carries out the checks of safety required before lifting the load in the air, and when the load is in the air.

Le procédé comporte une étape 110 de détection de l'initiatialisation d'une phase transitoire entre un instant initial où la charge est posée au sol et un instant final où la charge est suspendue dans les airs.The method includes a step 110 of detecting the initiation of a transient phase between an initial instant when the load is placed on the ground and a final instant when the load is suspended in the air.

Le procédé comporte une étape 120 d'émission d'un signal de détection d'une situation de levage proscrite, si les liens souples 9 se trouvent, à au moins un instant de la phase transitoire, dans l'état détendu.The method comprises a step 120 of transmitting a signal for detecting a prohibited lifting situation, if the flexible links 9 are, at at least one instant of the transient phase, in the relaxed state.

Le signal de détection est par exemple transmis au dispositif de surveillance et de contrôle 20 de sorte que ce dernier puisse interdire la mise en œuvre de consignes de vitesse de levage susceptible d'aggraver la situation. Le signal de détection est également être transmis à un ou plusieurs dispositifs de sécurité configurés pour bloquer le mouvement de levage et/ou mettre la grue dans une configuration sécurisée.The detection signal is for example transmitted to the monitoring and control device 20 so that the latter can prohibit the implementation of lifting speed instructions which may worsen the situation. The detection signal is also transmitted to one or more safety devices configured to block the lifting movement and / or put the crane in a secure configuration.

Le procédé permet ainsi de détecter l'occurrence d'un levage brusque et de couper les mouvements avant d'avoir atteint les limites maximales d'endommagement ou de basculement de la machine et des apparaux de levage.The method thus makes it possible to detect the occurrence of an abrupt lifting and to cut the movements before having reached the maximum damage or tilting limits of the machine and of the lifting equipment.

On se réfère maintenant à la figure 3 pour détailler un mode de réalisation du procédé selon l'invention, de sécurisation du mouvement de levage de la charge.We now refer to the figure 3 to detail an embodiment of the method according to the invention, securing the load lifting movement.

Pour déterminer si les liens souples 9 se trouvent dans l'état détendu, on détermine, au cours d'une étape 210, une valeur C de charge exercée sur le crochet 8 puis on calcule la dérivée DERIV.CH de ladite valeur C par rapport au temps, autrement dit : DERIV . CH = dC dt

Figure imgb0001
To determine whether the flexible links 9 are in the relaxed state, a value C of load exerted on the hook 8 is determined during a step 210 and then the derivative DERIV.CH of said value C is calculated. in time, in other words: DERIV . CH = dC dt
Figure imgb0001

Au cours d'une étape 220, on compare alors la dérivée DERIV.CH à un seuil de variation S1.During a step 220, the derivative DERIV.CH is then compared to a variation threshold S1.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, le seuil de variation S1 correspond à un pourcentage de la charge maximale admissible à la portée actuelle, où ce pourcentage est par exemple compris entre 1 et 5%, et notamment de l'ordre de 2 à 4 %.By way of nonlimiting example, the variation threshold S1 corresponds to a percentage of the maximum admissible load at the current range, where this percentage is for example between 1 and 5%, and in particular of the order of 2 to 4 %.

Si la dérivée DERIV.CH est supérieure ou égale au seuil de variation S1, alors les liens souples 9 sont identifiés comme étant dans un état détendu ; sinon les liens souples 9 sont identifiés comme étant dans un état tendu.If the derivative DERIV.CH is greater than or equal to the variation threshold S1, then the flexible links 9 are identified as being in a relaxed state; otherwise the flexible links 9 are identified as being in a tense state.

Avantageusement, afin notamment d'améliorer la robustesse quant à la détection du phénomène et limiter les risques de fausses détections dues à des perturbations sur la mesure de la valeur C, on peut identifier, dans une autre étape 230, que les liens souples 9 se trouvent dans l'état détendu, si la dérivée DERIV.CH est supérieure ou égale au seuil de variation S1, pendant une sous-période temporelle SPT de la phase transitoire dont la durée est supérieure ou égale à une durée de vérification X. A titre d'exemple non limitatif, une telle durée de vérification X peut être comprise entre 100 et 600 ms, et notamment entre 150 et 300 ms selon la grue.Advantageously, in order in particular to improve the robustness as regards the detection of the phenomenon and limit the risks of false detections due to disturbances on the measurement of the value C, it can be identified, in another step 230, that the flexible links 9 are are in the relaxed state, if the derivative DERIV.CH is greater than or equal to the variation threshold S1, during a temporal sub-period SPT of the transient phase whose duration is greater than or equal to a verification duration X. As as a nonlimiting example, such a verification time X can be between 100 and 600 ms, and in particular between 150 and 300 ms depending on the crane.

Par exemple, si au cours de l'étape 220, la dérivée DERIV.CH est supérieure ou égale au seuil de variation S1, un chronomètre peut être déclenché, la mesure de la valeur C étant périodiquement mise à jour. Sur les figures 7a et 7b, le déclenchement du chronomètre est illustré par le point « 0 », et les points « 1, 2, 3, ... » suivants illustrent les instants périodiques de mesure de la valeur C de la charge.For example, if during step 220, the derivative DERIV.CH is greater than or equal to the variation threshold S1, a timer can be started, the measurement of the value C being periodically updated. On the Figures 7a and 7b , the start of the chronometer is illustrated by point "0", and the following points "1, 2, 3, ..." illustrate the periodic instants of measurement of the value C of the load.

Le chronomètre n'est arrêté que lorsque la dérivée DERIV.CH devient à nouveau inférieur au seuil de variation S1, et/ou lorsque le temps écoulé est au moins égal à la durée de vérification X.The stopwatch is only stopped when the derivative DERIV.CH again falls below the variation threshold S1, and / or when the elapsed time is at least equal to the duration of verification X.

Si la sous-période temporelle SPT ainsi mesurée par le chronomètre est supérieure ou égale à la durée de vérification X, alors on peut identifier dans l'étape 230 que les liens souples 9 se trouvent dans l'état détendu. Par contre, si la dérivée DERIV.CH est inférieure au seuil de variation S1 pendant une durée inférieure à la durée de vérification X, alors les liens souples 9 sont identifiés comme étant dans un état tendu.If the time sub-period SPT thus measured by the chronometer is greater than or equal to the verification duration X, then it can be identified in step 230 that the flexible links 9 are in the relaxed state. On the other hand, if the derivative DERIV.CH is less than the variation threshold S1 for a duration less than the duration of verification X, then the flexible links 9 are identified as being in a tense state.

De manière avantageuse, dans ce dernier mode de réalisation, la durée de vérification X est déterminée, au cours d'une étape 290, en fonction de la vitesse de levage VL du crochet, obtenue au cours d'une étape 280, de sorte que la durée de vérification X est d'autant plus courte que la vitesse de levage VL du crochet est grande. Il est donc possible d'adapter la réactivité du procédé en augmentant ou diminuant le temps nécessaire pour identifier que les liens souples 9 se trouvent dans l'état détendu.Advantageously, in this latter embodiment, the verification duration X is determined, during a step 290, as a function of the lifting speed VL of the hook, obtained during a step 280, so that the verification time X becomes shorter the higher the lifting speed VL of the hook. It is therefore possible to adapt the reactivity of the process by increasing or decreasing the time necessary to identify that the flexible links 9 are in the relaxed state.

Ainsi, si la vitesse de levage VL est élevée, il est avantageux de réagir rapidement, typiquement prenant comme durée de vérification X une durée de l'ordre de 150 ms. Si la vitesse de levage est relativement faible, la fiabilité de détection peut être privilégiée et le temps de réaction réduit, typiquement prenant comme durée de vérification X une durée de l'ordre de 300 ms. A titre d'exemple illustratif et non limitatif, une vitesse de levage VL faible correspond à une vitesse inférieure à une vitesse intermédiaire VIN, et une vitesse de levage VL élevée correspond à une vitesse supérieure à cette vitesse intermédiaire VIN tout en restant et inférieure à une vitesse maximale autorisée VMA, où par exemple la vitesse intermédiaire VIN est comprise entre 0,1 et 0,3 m/s, et où par exemple la vitesse maximale autorisée VMA est de l'ordre de 1 à 1,5 m/s.Thus, if the lifting speed VL is high, it is advantageous to react quickly, typically taking as verification time X a duration of the order of 150 ms. If the lifting speed is relatively low, the reliability of detection can be preferred and the reaction time reduced, typically taking as verification time X a duration of the order of 300 ms. As an illustrative and nonlimiting example, a low lifting speed VL corresponds to a speed lower than an intermediate speed VIN, and a high lifting speed VL corresponds to a speed greater than this intermediate speed VIN while remaining and lower than a maximum authorized speed VMA, where for example the intermediate speed VIN is between 0.1 and 0.3 m / s, and where for example the maximum authorized speed VMA is of the order of 1 to 1.5 m / s .

Au cours d'une étape 240, qui suit l'étape 230, on détermine, sur une fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, les valeurs C de charge exercée sur le crochet, l'initiation de la phase transitoire étant détectée seulement si aucune oscillation des valeurs de charge exercée sur le crochet, pour la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, n'est détectée.During a step 240, which follows step 230, the load values C exerted on the hook are determined over a time window of analysis, the initiation of the transient phase being detected only if no oscillation of the load values exerted on the hook, for the analysis time window, are not detected.

Sur la figure 7a, un diagramme représente l'évolution de la valeur C de charge exercée sur le crochet au cours du temps, correspondant à un cas où la charge est suspendue dans les airs et oscille. Sur la figure 7b, un diagramme représentant l'évolution de la valeur de charge exercée sur le crochet au cours du temps, correspondant à un cas où la charge est posée au sol puis soulevée en l'air.On the figure 7a , a diagram represents the evolution of the value C of load exerted on the hook over time, corresponding to a case where the load is suspended in the air and oscillates. On the figure 7b , a diagram representing the evolution of the load value exerted on the hook over time, corresponding to a case where the load is placed on the ground and then raised in the air.

Pour détecter une oscillation, on peut déterminer une moyenne M, pour la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse de durée D, des valeurs C de charge exercée sur le crochet.To detect an oscillation, an average M can be determined, for the time analysis window of duration D, of the values C of load exerted on the hook.

Puis, à l'issue d'une période d'attente R après la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, on peut déterminer la valeur C de charge exercée sur le crochet. L'initiation de la phase transitoire est alors détectée, seulement si la différence ΔCM est inférieure ou égale à un seuil d'oscillation A, où la différence ΔCM correspond à la différence entre, d'une part, la valeur C de charge exercée sur le crochet à l'issue de la période d'attente et, d'autre part, la moyenne M, pour la fenêtre temporelle d'analyse, des valeurs de charge exercée, soit : Δ CM = C M .

Figure imgb0002
Then, at the end of a waiting period R after the analysis time window, the load value C exerted on the hook can be determined. The initiation of the transient phase is then detected, only if the difference ΔCM is less than or equal to an oscillation threshold A, where the difference ΔCM corresponds to the difference between, on the one hand, the value C of load exerted on the hook at the end of the waiting period and, on the other hand, the average M, for the analysis time window, of the load values exerted, that is: Δ CM = VS - M .
Figure imgb0002

Ce seuil d'oscillation A peut être établi en fonction de :

  • la masse de la charge 2 levée ;
  • la portée à laquelle la charge 2 est levée sur la flèche 4 (cette portée correspondant à la distance Xc sur la figure 4) ;
  • la vitesse de levage VL.
This oscillation threshold A can be established as a function of:
  • the mass of load 2 lifted;
  • the range at which the load 2 is lifted on the arrow 4 (this range corresponding to the distance Xc on the figure 4 );
  • lifting speed VL.

Par exemple, pour un modèle de grue donnée, le seuil d'oscillation A peut varier entre 9% et 75% de la charge maximale autorisée à la portée actuelle.For example, for a given crane model, the oscillation threshold A can vary between 9% and 75% of the maximum authorized load at the current range.

Ainsi, dans l'exemple de la figure 7a, la condition ΔCM ≥ A n'est pas remplie, traduisant une détection d'une oscillation, ce qui correspond à la charge suspendue dans les airs et qui oscille. Par contre, dans l'exemple de la figure 7b, la condition ΔCM ≥ A est bien remplie, traduisant une absence d'oscillation et donc un cas de levage brusque de la charge.So in the example of the figure 7a , the condition ΔCM ≥ A is not fulfilled, indicating a detection of an oscillation, which corresponds to the load suspended in the air and which oscillates. However, in the example of the figure 7b , the condition ΔCM ≥ A is well fulfilled, reflecting an absence of oscillation and therefore a case of sudden lifting of the load.

Pour déterminer si la charge est posée au sol, au cours d'une étape 250, on détermine une valeur initiale Ci de charge exercée sur le crochet (voir figures 7a et 7b) au moment où le chronomètre est déclenché ou bien à l'instant « 1 » suivant, autrement dit dès que la dérivée DERIV.CH est détectée comme étant supérieure ou égale au seuil de variation S1.To determine whether the load is placed on the ground, during a step 250, an initial value Ci of load exerted on the hook is determined (see Figures 7a and 7b ) at the time when the stopwatch is started or at time “1” following, in other words as soon as the derivative DERIV.CH is detected as being greater than or equal to the variation threshold S1.

Si la valeur initiale Ci de charge exercée sur le crochet est inférieure ou égale à un seuil de charge S2, alors la charge est identifiée comme posée au sol. En effet, la valeur initiale Ci de charge est assez faible lors de l'initiation de la phase transitoire, préalablement au décollage de la charge. Ainsi, le procédé permet d'identifier efficacement les situations dans lesquelles la charge décolle, et non celles où cette dernière est déjà en l'air, ce qui permet d'atteindre une étape 260 finale dans laquelle est confirmé que la charge était au sol et à décollé avec les élingues 9 tendus.If the initial value Ci of load exerted on the hook is less than or equal to a load threshold S2, then the load is identified as placed on the ground. Indeed, the initial value Ci of charge is quite low during the initiation of the transitional phase, prior to takeoff of the load. Thus, the method makes it possible to effectively identify the situations in which the load takes off, and not those where the latter is already in the air, which makes it possible to reach a final step 260 in which is confirmed that the load was on the ground and took off with the slings 9 stretched.

Claims (14)

  1. A method for securing a lifting movement of a load (2) mechanically coupled to a hook (8) of a lifting device by flexible links (9), flexible links (9) that can be, when the load is placed on the ground, either in a stretched state or in a relaxed state, including a step (110) of detecting the initiation of a transitional phase between an initial instant when the load (2) is placed on the ground and a final instant when the load (2) is suspended in the air;
    said method being characterized in that it includes a step (120) of emitting a detection signal of a proscribed lifting situation, if the flexible links (9) are, at least at one instant of the transitional phase, in the relaxed state.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the step (120) of emitting a detection signal of a proscribed lifting situation, it is determined whether the flexible links (9) are in the relaxed state by:
    - determining a value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8);
    - determining (210) the derivative (DERIV.CH) of the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) with respect to time;
    - identifying (220) that the flexible links (9) are in the relaxed state if the derivative (DERIV.CH) of the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) with respect to time is greater than or equal to at a variation threshold (S1).
  3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, during the step (120) of emitting a detection signal of a proscribed lifting situation, it is identified (230) that the flexible links (9) are located in the relaxed state, if the derivative (DERIV.CH) of the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) with respect to time is greater than or equal to the variation threshold (S1) during a time subperiod (SPT) of the transitional phase whose duration is greater than a verification duration (X).
  4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a lifting speed (VL) of the hook (8) is determined (240), the verification duration (X) being then determined (250) depending on the lifting speed (VL) so that the verification duration (X) is shorter as the lifting speed (VL) of the hook (8) is high.
  5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, during the step (110), the values (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) are determined on an analysis time window of a predefined period (D), the initiation of the transitional phase being detected only if no oscillation of the values (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8), for the analysis time window, is detected (240).
  6. The method of claim 5, wherein, during the step (110) of detecting the initiation of the transitional phase:
    - an average (M), for the analysis time window, of the values (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) is determined;
    - at the end of a waiting period after the analysis time window, the value of the load exerted on the hook (8) is determined;
    the initiation of the transitional phase being detected, during the step (110) of detecting the initiation of the transitional phase, only if the difference between, on the one hand, the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook at the end of the waiting period and, on the other hand, the average, for the analysis time window, of the values (C) of the exerted load, is less than or equal to an oscillation threshold.
  7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, during step (110) of detecting the initiation of the transitional phase, the initiation of the transitional phase is detected only if an initial value (Ci) of the load exerted on the hook (8) is less than or equal to a load threshold (250), said initial value (Ci) being set at the moment when the derivative (DERIV.CH) of the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) with respect to time is detected as being greater than or equal to the variation threshold (S1).
  8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the step (120) of emitting a detection signal of a proscribed lifting situation automatically starts a step of cutting the lifting movement of the load (2).
  9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said method is implemented in a tower crane (3).
  10. A computer program including instructions for performing the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, when said program is executed by a processor.
  11. A security module (21) for securing a lifting movement of a load (2) mechanically coupled to a hook (8) of a lifting device by flexible links (9), flexible links (9) that can be, when the load is placed on the ground, either in a stretched state or in a relaxed state, said security module (21) including means for detecting the initiation of a transitional phase between an initial instant when the load (2) is placed on the ground and a final instant when the load is suspended in the air;
    said security module (21) being characterized in that it includes means for emitting a detection signal of a proscribed lifting situation, if the flexible links (9) are, at least at one instant of the transitional phase, in the relaxed state.
  12. The security module (21) according to claim 11, wherein the means for emitting a detection signal of a proscribed lifting situation are configured to determine whether the flexible links (9) are in the relaxed state by:
    - determining a value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8);
    - determining the derivative (DERIV.CH) of the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) with respect to time;
    - identifying that the flexible links (9) are in the relaxed state if the derivative (DERIV.CH) of the value (C) of the load exerted on the hook (8) with respect to time is greater than or equal to a variation threshold (S1).
  13. A lifting device (3) including a security module (21) according to any one of claims 11 and 12.
  14. The lifting device (3) according to claim 13, wherein the lifting device is a tower crane
EP18198721.5A 2017-10-16 2018-10-04 Method for securing a lifting movement of a load and associated lifting device Active EP3470361B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1759662A FR3072373B1 (en) 2017-10-16 2017-10-16 METHOD FOR SECURING A LOAD LIFTING MOVEMENT AND ASSOCIATED LIFTING DEVICE

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EP3470361A1 EP3470361A1 (en) 2019-04-17
EP3470361B1 true EP3470361B1 (en) 2020-04-29

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US (1) US10526173B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3470361B1 (en)
CN (1) CN109665446A (en)
ES (1) ES2808115T3 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6646268B1 (en) * 2019-06-14 2020-02-14 東芝ロジスティクス株式会社 Center of gravity detection device and center of gravity detection method
FR3120070B1 (en) * 2021-02-23 2023-01-13 Manitowoc Crane Group France Control method for controlling the lifting of a suspended load in the event of an emergency stop
CN115010001A (en) * 2022-08-09 2022-09-06 杭州未名信科科技有限公司 Tower crane auxiliary control method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4073531A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-02-14 Androski Edward C Remote-controlled safety hook assembly
US6496765B1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-12-17 Sandia Corporation Control system and method for payload control in mobile platform cranes
US7506907B1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2009-03-24 Marler Joseph E Apparatus for the latching and unlatching of a load
DE102009032269A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Liebherr-Werk Nenzing Gmbh Crane control for controlling a hoist of a crane
PL2996979T3 (en) * 2013-05-17 2022-04-04 Societe D'applications Electriques Et Mecaniques Sapem Secured grasping system

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ES2808115T3 (en) 2021-02-25
US10526173B2 (en) 2020-01-07
US20190112163A1 (en) 2019-04-18
FR3072373B1 (en) 2020-02-28
CN109665446A (en) 2019-04-23
FR3072373A1 (en) 2019-04-19
EP3470361A1 (en) 2019-04-17

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