EP3469337A1 - Détermination de la forme tridimensionnelle de particules lignocellulosiques - Google Patents

Détermination de la forme tridimensionnelle de particules lignocellulosiques

Info

Publication number
EP3469337A1
EP3469337A1 EP17728235.7A EP17728235A EP3469337A1 EP 3469337 A1 EP3469337 A1 EP 3469337A1 EP 17728235 A EP17728235 A EP 17728235A EP 3469337 A1 EP3469337 A1 EP 3469337A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
observation
lignocellulose
cameras
containing particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17728235.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Assmann
Achim BESSER
Juergen Ettmueller
Rainer Friehmelt
Patrick GRAEFEN
Peter Mueller
Matthias Schade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP3469337A1 publication Critical patent/EP3469337A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1468—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle
    • G01N15/147—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry with spatial resolution of the texture or inner structure of the particle the analysis being performed on a sample stream
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/01—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials specially adapted for biological cells, e.g. blood cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1434—Optical arrangements
    • G01N2015/144—Imaging characterised by its optical setup
    • G01N2015/1445—Three-dimensional imaging, imaging in different image planes, e.g. under different angles or at different depths, e.g. by a relative motion of sample and detector, for instance by tomography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N2015/1497—Particle shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for determining the individual three-dimensional shape of lignocellulose-containing particles, for example wood chips, in samples containing these lignocellulose-containing particles, a method for determining the individual three-dimensional shape of lignocellulose-containing particles in samples containing these lignocellulose-containing particles and the use of the device according to the invention for determining the individual three-dimensional shape of lignocellulose-containing particles.
  • Lignocellulosic particles are commonly used in lignocellulosic materials, which are generally lignocellulosic plates, e.g. Chipboard, tiles, moldings, semi-finished products or composites.
  • lignocellulose-containing materials are determined by the shape and size of the lignocellulose-containing particles.
  • EP 1 464 949 A2 relates to a device for the automated determination of the three-dimensional shape of particles.
  • the device according to EP 1 464 949 A2 comprises a means for dosing a particle in an imaging area (to drop), a reflector providing a reflected view of the particle in the observation area, means for taking the image to form an image of the particle in Obtain the observation area, wherein the image comprises at least a direct view and a reflected view of the particle.
  • the particle is observed according to EP 1 464 949 A2 in free fall in the observation area.
  • the particles to be measured are mentioned in EP 1 464 949 A2 only in general form.
  • An indication of the determination of the three-dimensional form of lignocellulose-containing particles is not mentioned in EP 1 464 949 A2.
  • WO 02/1 1065 A2 relates to a device for recording a plurality of images of an object, comprising means for conveying an object into the observation area, wherein the object passes a predetermined point in this observation area, a first device for image acquisition and a second device for image acquisition, wherein the second device is arranged at 90 ° to the first.
  • the observation of the object in the observation area takes place during the free fall of the object into the observation area.
  • WO 02/1 1065 A2 relates in particular to the analysis of particles comprising service aggregate, pharmaceuticals, Fertilizers, sugar, soda, mining products, grit and abrasive grain. Lignocellulose-containing particles are not mentioned in WO 02/1 1065 A2.
  • EP 1 955 045 A2 relates to a method for the automated determination of the individual three-dimensional form of particles comprising the steps: a) metering, alignment and automated delivery of the particles, b) observation of the aligned particles and image acquisition and c) evaluation of the images. Furthermore, EP 1 955 045 A2 relates to a device for the automated determination of the individual three-dimensional shape of particles comprising: a) means for dosing, aligning and automated conveying of the particles; b) at least two cameras for observing the aligned particles and c) means for evaluating the images; and the use of said apparatus for automated determination of the individual three-dimensional shape of particles. A concretization of the particles mentioned in EP 1 955 045 A2 in the form of lignocellulose-containing particles does not occur in EP 1 955 045 A2.
  • EP 1 662 247 A1 relates to a method for determining the number and / or the particle shape and / or the size of agricultural good particles, such as seeds, fertilizer grains, spray droplets, cereal grains, cereal straw etc. by a line-by-line optoelectronic scanning of a particle flow, wherein the particle flow in a transparent medium is moved by gravity or additional forces on an opto-electrical measuring section perpendicular to parallel light rays and in which the signals of the covered and uncovered elements of the respective CCD line are evaluated in an electronic evaluation and stored in a storage medium, in in chronological order one behind the other, so that a video film running in time is created over the good particles passing through the measuring section.
  • a singular dosage of the good particles does not take place in EP 1 662 247 A1.
  • the DE 202014100974 U1 relates to a device for determining the particle size and / or the particle shape of a particle mixture.
  • the device has a feed device (1) which separates the particles (C) of the particle mixture and then passes as a particle stream through a measuring section (M), a lighting device (4) which on one side - the back - of the measuring section ( M) is arranged and is directed to the measuring section (M) in order to illuminate the particle flow in the measuring section (M) from the rear side, a camera (5), which on the front side of the measuring section opposite the illumination device (4) ( M) is positioned and directed onto the measuring section (M) in order to record shadow projections of the particles (P) illuminated by the illumination device (4), and an evaluation unit (7) which uses the images of the camera (5) to determine the particle size and / or Particle shape of the recorded particles (T) determined.
  • the feeding device (1) is designed to separate a mixture of particles above the measuring path and to generate a particle flow in the form of a particle curtain, which moves in free fall through the measuring section. A rotation of the falling particles relative to the Fallebene here is not desired, so that the feed device (1) preferably comprises means such as baffles. A concrete The particles are not classified in DE 202014100974 U1, so that lignocellulose-containing particles are not mentioned.
  • DE 202014009443 U1 and DE 202014007103 U1 each relate to a device for determining the particle size and / or the particle shape of particles in a particle stream with a feed device for feeding the particles to a measuring zone, wherein the particles flow through the measuring zone, with one or at least a lighting device for illuminating the measuring zone, with at least two camera devices, each of which receives one of the corresponding camera device associated measuring range of the measuring zone.
  • Neither DE 202014009443 U1 nor DE 202014007103 U1 mention concrete embodiments of the feeding device or of the measuring range.
  • the particles to be measured are also not specified in DE 202014009443 U1 and DE 202014007103 U1, so that none of the documents mentions lignocellulose-containing particles.
  • DD 261 831 A1 relates to an arrangement for determining the main dimensions of particles, in particular wood chips, wherein the arrangement comprises an aggregate (1) for singling and - with respect to the particle longitudinal orientation within limits of +/- 45 ° - defined deposition of the particles (2) , wherein the isolated and to be tested particles (2) rest on a moving with a defined transport speed conveyor belt (3), wherein above the conveyor belt (3) with a pressure force of 500 to 5000 N on the particles to be tested
  • pressing rotating measuring wheel (4) is installed as an element of a known thickness measuring arrangement, said measuring wheel (4) with respect to the transport direction of the conveyor belt (3) also a likewise above the conveyor belt
  • the object of the present application over the prior art is the provision of a device and a method for determining the individual three-dimensional shape of lignocellulose-containing particles, for example wood chips, wherein in a short time the individual three-dimensional shape of complex-shaped lignocellulose-containing particles and / or lignocellulose-containing Particles with a particularly high aspect ratio can be determined, so that an application of this method in practice, for example for the production of lignocellulose-containing materials, can be applied without significant delay.
  • This object is achieved by a device for determining the individual three-dimensional form of lignocellulose-containing particles in samples containing these lignocellulose-containing particles, comprising:
  • a device for separating a fine fraction contained in the sample ii) a device for separating the lignocellulose-containing particles and a feed device which leads the lignocellulose-containing particles to an observation zone,
  • an observation zone comprising at least two cameras for observing the monocellulose-containing particles from at least two observation directions for taking pictures by the cameras
  • the object is achieved by a method for determining the individual three-dimensional form of lignocellulose-containing particles in samples containing these lignocellulose-containing particles, comprising:
  • FIG. 1 exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention with 4 cameras (front view);
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 embodiment of a device according to the invention for metering and various views of a funnel for product guidance
  • FIGS. 9 to 13 are identical to FIGS. 9 to 13:
  • FIG. 14 embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the aid of the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention it is possible to detect the three-dimensional shape of lignocellulose-containing particles for large numbers of particles in a short time, wherein a representation with a sufficient resolution and manageable amounts of data is achieved.
  • special product properties eg size ranges
  • specific issues eg., Shape, size, total volume
  • lignocellulose-containing particles are generally to be understood as meaning:
  • Particles or fibers containing lignocellulosic substances Particles or fibers containing lignocellulosic substances.
  • Lignocellulosic substances are substances that contain lignocellulose.
  • the content of lignocellulose can be varied within wide ranges and is generally from 20 to 100% by weight, preferably from 50 to 100% by weight, particularly preferably from 85 to 100% by weight, in particular 100% by weight.
  • Lignocellulose based on the total weight of the lignocellulosic particles.
  • the term lignocellulose is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • lignocellulose-containing substances are z.
  • straw wood fiber plants, wood or mixtures thereof.
  • a plurality of lignocellulose-containing substances are understood as meaning two to ten, preferably two to five, particularly preferably two to four, in particular two or three, different lignocellulose-containing substances.
  • Suitable wood are wood fibers or wood particles, such as wood layers, wood strips, wood chips, wood dust or mixtures thereof, preferably wood chips, wood fibers, wood dust or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably wood chips, wood fibers or mixtures thereof.
  • wood fibers or wood particles such as wood layers, wood strips, wood chips, wood dust or mixtures thereof, preferably wood chips, wood fibers, wood dust or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably wood chips, wood fibers or mixtures thereof.
  • flax, hemp or mixtures thereof are suitable as wood fiber-containing plants.
  • Starting materials for wood particles or wood fibers are usually thinning woods, industrial lumber and utility woods as well as wood fiber-containing plants or plant parts.
  • any wood comes into question, preferably spruce, beech, pine, larch, linden, poplar, ash, chestnut, fir or their mixtures, particularly preferably spruce, beech wood or mixtures thereof, in particular spruce wood.
  • the lignocellulose-containing substances are generally present in the form of particles or fibers, preferably in the form of particles.
  • particles are generally sawdust, wood chips, wood shavings, wood particles, shives, cotton stalks or mixtures thereof, preferably sawdust, wood shavings, wood chips, wood particles or mixtures thereof.
  • the properties of the lignocellulosic materials to be produced from the lignocellulose-containing particles depend on the dimensions (dimensions) of the lignocellulose-containing particles, so that the knowledge of these dimensions is highly relevant.
  • the method may provide comprehensive information regarding the dimensions of the lignocellulosic particles.
  • lignocellulose materials are understood to be, in particular, optionally veneered chipboard, oriented strand board (OSB) or fiber materials, in particular wood fiber materials such as LDS, MDS and HDS materials, preferably chipboard or fiber materials, particularly preferably fiber materials.
  • Materials are generally, inter alia, plates, tiles, moldings, semi-finished products or composites, preferably plates, tiles, moldings or composites, more preferably plates.
  • the average size of the particles for producing the OSB boards, Strands is generally 20 to 300 mm, preferably 25 to 300 mm, particularly preferably 30 to 150 mm.
  • the mean size of the chips is generally 0.01 to 30 mm, preferably 0.05 to 25 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 20 mm.
  • the particles required for this purpose are classified by size by sieve analysis.
  • this method is tedious and time-consuming and provides neither information about the individual shape nor about the three-dimensional shape of the particles.
  • Wood fibers, cellulose fibers, hemp fibers, cotton fibers, bamboo fibers, miscanthus, bagasse or mixtures thereof, preferably wood fibers, hemp fibers, bamboo fibers, miscanthus, bagasse or mixtures thereof, are particularly suitable fibers which fall within the meaning of the present application under the expression lignocellulose-containing particles preferably wood fibers, bamboo fibers or mixtures thereof.
  • the length of the fibers is generally 0.01 to 20 mm, preferably 0.05 to 15 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 mm.
  • lignocellulose-containing particles are therefore to be understood as meaning particles which, in their largest dimension, are from 0.01 to 300 mm, preferably from 0.05 to 200 mm and particularly preferably from 0.1 to 150 mm
  • the preparation for the lignocellulose-containing substances to be measured as well as for the lignocellulose-containing particles is carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art (see, for example, US Pat.
  • the lignocellulose-containing substances can be prepared by customary methods of drying known to the person skilled in the art with the small amounts of water customary thereafter (in a customarily small amount) Fluctuation; so-called “residual moisture”), this water is not taken into account in the weight data of the present application.
  • the average density of the lignocellulose-containing substances is arbitrary and depends only on the lignocellulose-containing material used and is generally 0.2 to 0.9 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.4 to 0.85 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably 0 , 4 to 0.75 g / cm 3 , especially at 0.4 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
  • HDF high-density fiberboard
  • MDF medium density fiberboard
  • LDF light fibreboard
  • the device according to the invention accordingly comprises a device for separating a fine fraction contained in the sample.
  • fines content is generally understood to mean the proportion of the sample which can be separated off with a sieve having a mesh size of generally ⁇ 2 mm, preferably ⁇ 1 mm, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.7 mm.
  • the sieving time is not critical. It is generally 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 2 to 15 minutes, particularly preferably 5 to 10 minutes.
  • the amplitude of the sieve movement is generally 10 to 80%, preferably 20 to 70%, particularly preferably 30 to 50% or alternatively the amplitude of the sieve movement is generally 0.3 to 2 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1, 8 mm , more preferably 0.75 to 1, 25 mm.
  • a sieve is used.
  • the term "a sieve" may be a single sieve or several sieves, for example two to nine sieves.
  • Various types of sieves can be used, for example vibrating sieves, rotary sieves, centrifugal sieves and / or air jet sieves, preferably a vibrating sieve.
  • a preferred embodiment is the use of a vibrating sieve with a mesh size of 0.1 to 1 mm, a sieving time of 5 to 10 min and an amplitude of 0.75 to 1, 25 mm.
  • the method for separating a fines content contained in the sample is carried out according to methods known in the art, preferably with the aid of a sieve. Suitable sieves as well as information regarding the performance of sieving are mentioned above. ii) Device for the dosing of the lignocellulosic particles and delivery device, which separates the lignocellulose-containing particles into an observation zone in a singular manner / Separating dosage and delivery into an observation zone
  • sample in the following text, this term in the context of the present application means a plurality of lignocellulose-containing particles to be examined, depending on the process step or at which point of the device the term “sample” is mentioned (Device detail i) or process step i)) in the sample contained or already separated.
  • the device details ii), iii) and iv) as well as the method steps ii), iii) and iv) respectively relate to samples in which the fine fraction has been separated, ie. H.
  • Device detail i) or method step i) takes place in each case before the device details or method steps ii), iii) and iv).
  • the particles When dosing the lignocellulose-containing particles, the particles are generally applied to a conveyor line for the automated delivery of the particles.
  • the mechanism for dosing and delivery may be the same, which is preferred.
  • a device for separating metering is used or an individual metering is carried out.
  • the term "singulating” here means that the individual lignocellulose-containing particles of a sample to be measured contain a plurality of particles contains, separated from each other and are preferably applied individually to the conveyor line, so that an observation of each individual particles of the sample in device detail ii) or process step ii) is made possible.
  • the implementation of the individual dosage as well as suitable means for individual dosage are known in principle to the person skilled in the art.
  • the individual metering can be carried out in one embodiment of the present invention in such a way that respectively defined time intervals are set, wherein at certain preset times in each case a particle is metered. For example, a default can be made in the form that one particle per second is added.
  • the time limit is only an example. Basically - depending on the sample and other parameters - arbitrary time intervals can be preset.
  • the singulating dosage may be made by metering the particles at random intervals, the time intervals being inter alia the type of dosage and the type of particles in the sample to be measured
  • the metered addition of the individual particles does not take place at defined time intervals, but the time intervals of the metering of the individual particles can be the same or different.
  • the particles can be metered "on demand.” In this case, it is possible to dose a new particle to be measured each time an operation, eg the storage of the data of the previous particles or the processing of the data of the particles previous particles ("online processing") is completed.
  • Preferred embodiments of the individual metering and corresponding devices known to the skilled person are the embodiments iiaa) and iiac). Particularly preferred is the embodiment iiac) and the corresponding device thereto.
  • each particle is dispensed individually onto the conveying path.
  • the Dosierrinnen a V-shaped channel bottom, which may optionally be rounded.
  • these two or more dosing troughs are connected in series.
  • the dosage of the individual particles on the conveyor line can, for. B. by means of one, preferably of two or more connected in series, preferably controlled by light barriers Dosierrinnen.
  • Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which groove axis, gravity and light path lie in a plane and the light barrier is preferably inclined, z. B. about 45 °.
  • the particles always interrupt the light barrier shortly after detachment from the gutter regardless of the airspeed.
  • Suitable embodiments for photoelectric barriers and metering channels are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the detection limit of a light barrier is generally about 1/10 to 1/30 of the cross-section, d. H. z. B. at 30 to 100 ⁇ diameter at 1 mm beam cross-section.
  • the particles are fed into a funnel for application to the below-lying dosing troughs, so that they are more likely to be trapped and with the lowest possible initial speed and advantageous direction (eg transversely to conveyance) on the subsequent dosing trough or conveyor trough or measuring cuvette be filed.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • a supporting structure 16 is mounted for a sliding table, which carries a total of three Dosierrinnen.
  • the uppermost Dosierrinne 1 1 is mounted on a support 14 which is fixed to the translation table.
  • the middle Dosierrinne 12 is also attached via a carrier 15 to the translation table.
  • the lower metering chute 13 is mounted directly on the sliding table.
  • the top dosing 1 1 is optional.
  • a sensor module 8 Independently of the dosing channels, a sensor module 8 is fastened to the base plate 17.
  • FIG. 2 details 25, 25a, 25b, 25c, a preferred embodiment of a funnel and its arrangement relative to the metering channels are shown. If only a small part of a large sample can be evaluated, but this should be selected representative, and a previous sample division is not desirable, you can integrate an "inline sample division" in the dosage and measure only a fraction of the sample and the rest Since the metering is preferably carried out in several stages - with the aid of two or more metering troughs connected in series - it makes sense, after the first metering (from the storage tank into a first metering trough), for example, an electromechanical Close the door stall constantly in programmed time intervals between transmission and discharge.
  • FIG. üb A suitable apparatus for metering the lignocellulose-containing particles is shown in FIG. üb) feeder or promotion
  • the term "feeder” or “conveying” is used in the present application for the section of the particle transport, which leads the particles into the observation zone or through the observation zone.
  • the delivery of the particles can take place simultaneously with the dosage (or first the dosage and then the delivery).
  • the dosing and delivery devices may be identical or different, i. H. in the case where they are different, first the metering means and then the feeding means are arranged.
  • the sample may be delivered in a conveyor trough (which may be identical to the dosing trough) as a feeder, e.g.
  • the sample along the line of intersection of the two the conveyor trough and the Dosierrinne forming surfaces along a line can be deposited on a moving cutting line of two surfaces forming a conveyor trough or dosing trough (trailing, eg rotating conveyor trough or dosing trough ) and remove it later (follow-up promotion).
  • the present invention thus relates, in a preferred embodiment, to a device in which the device for singulating the lignocellulose-containing particles and the feed device which leads the lignocellulose-containing particles to an observation zone in isolation have one or more metering channels.
  • the dosing troughs or the dosing troughs are preferably composed of two flat surfaces which form a channel, the dosing troughs are particularly preferably V-troughs or precision cuvettes.
  • Three parameters are available for conveying in the sliding mode by means of a vibrating conveyor trough or metering trough. which can be combined.
  • the downhill drive and on the other the vibration of the channel with lifting and longitudinal movement.
  • the downgrade is preferably chosen low.
  • the vibration is set by the vibration angle, the frequency and the amplitude.
  • a preferred way to suspend the conveyor trough or vibrating vibrating is a double spring band guide with a tendency of the spring bands, so that the arrangement performs a stroke.
  • a frequency generator eg single device or D / A card in the PC
  • power amplifier drives the loudspeaker at an adjustable frequency (normally the resonant frequency of the device) and amplitude (these are setting and execution options known in the art and can be taken over in part by commercially available dosing).
  • the sliding promotion is usually adjusted by adjusting the inclination angle of the stroke (angle and amplitude of the promotion) on the product.
  • z. B the sliding surface of relatively short, straight faces, z.
  • the conveyor trough or dosing trough used for the sliding operation thus generally has an inclination angle in the longitudinal direction (conveying direction) of 0 to 25 °.
  • Generally preferred angles do not exist because this is a product-dependent parameter that must be determined experimentally. A proven value for starting this adjustment is between 7 to 10 degrees.
  • the conveying or metering trough In the transverse direction (perpendicular to the conveying direction), the conveying or metering trough generally has an angle of inclination of 0 to 45 °. In systems with two directions of observation, the preferred range is 15 to 35 °, for systems with four directions of observation 45 °, as this is the easiest to adjust.
  • a device according to the invention is preferred in which the lignocellulose-containing particles are automatically conveyed in the feed device by sliding the lignocellulose-containing particles along a cutting line of two planar surfaces forming a dosing trough (slipping operation) or the lignocellulose-containing particles on a moving cutting line two flat surfaces forming a dosing trough are deposited (co-conveying).
  • the particles After observation of the particles, they are usually removed from the conveyor trough or dosing trough. In most embodiments, the particles fall after the conveyor Otherwise, for example in the case of revolving conveyors, the particles can be stripped off, brushed off or vacuumed off, for example, at the end of the conveyor trough or metering trough, into a collecting container when conveyed in the centrifugal field (eg Figure 12 in WO 2007/06012).
  • the lignocellulose-containing particles are aligned in the device for singulating the lignocellulose-containing particles and / or in the feed device (ii)).
  • the orientation of the lignocellulose-containing particles preferably takes place in the longitudinal axis, ie in the longitudinal axis of the particles in the conveying direction. All particle axes are aligned in this preferred embodiment by two acting contact surfaces. Friction and gravity generally cause the desired alignment. By taking place in a preferred embodiment alignment can be determined in a short time, the individual three-dimensional shape of complex shaped particles.
  • a maximum amount of information concerning the shape of the particles with a minimum amount of data can be obtained. If the observation is transverse to the axis of least inertia, and along the other two, the information gain is maximal.
  • a device according to the invention is preferred in which the lignocellulose-containing particles in the device for isolating dosing of the lignocellulose-containing particles and / or in the feed device (ii) are aligned along a line.
  • an alignment of the lignocellulose-containing particles takes place along a line, preferably in the longitudinal axis.
  • observation of particles aligned on two surfaces occurs from at least two observation directions, generally with the aid of at least two cameras (see device detail iii) and method step iii)).
  • a right angle of the contact surfaces and an observation parallel to the contact surfaces are preferred. It is also possible for the observation of the particles, preferably of the aligned particles, to consist of three or more, very particularly preferably three or four, particularly preferably four observation directions (generally with the aid of a corresponding number of cameras) (see device detail iii). or process step iii)).
  • the other axes can also be aligned by the contact surfaces. However, the embodiment does not require that the observation takes place only parallel to these surfaces.
  • the preferred methods and devices for alignment thus use two abutment surfaces and the action of gravity and friction, as can be adjusted by the choice of the delivery parameters.
  • an alignment of the particles in all axes is possible, because to align the axis of least inertia, the others are usually aligned.
  • the particles In the embodiment according to the invention comprising an alignment of the particles, the particles generally have contact with two flat surfaces (plant surfaces, cuvette walls) when they are moved by gravity or centrifugal force in the direction of the intersection of these surfaces. be withdrawn. They are aligned to reach the state of least energy.
  • the particles are preferably conveyed along the intersection of the two surfaces. These two contact surfaces form the conveyor trough (alternatively, a curved trough is also possible, eg with a circular, hyperbolic or parabolic profile).
  • centrifugal forces can also be used (see FIG. 12 in WO 2007/06012).
  • the optimal, ie very particularly preferred observation direction runs tangentially to the aligning contact surfaces or cuvette walls.
  • the contact surfaces or cuvette walls There are various possibilities for the shape of the contact surfaces or cuvette walls.
  • precision cuvettes which are preferably square or rectangular, or V-grooves, preferably 90 ° V-grooves, the z. B. can be made by one-sided grinding such precision cuvettes.
  • the free edges are preferably ground perpendicular to the cuvette surfaces, then these areas appear bright in the image. At other angles, eg. B. 45 °, these areas appear dark. Alternatively, only one outbreak occurs in the observation part, so that the cuvette remains closed in some areas.
  • the conveyor troughs or dosing troughs do not have to have plane-parallel sides.
  • the inner surfaces or the kink between two surfaces, against which the particles are centered and aligned by gravity or centrifugal force, can be designed independently of the outer surface.
  • the partial surfaces of the conveyor troughs or dosing troughs, preferably precision cuvettes or V-troughs, do not necessarily have to be flat, and even a tube or a curved trough are conceivable in principle. In a closed tube, however, the picture is distorted, which z. B. can be compensated by immersing the tube in an immersion liquid and this limits outside with flat surfaces.
  • the common boundary condition for all versions is that the objectives and their beam paths must have access to the observed particles.
  • the orientation of the particles thus takes place against one or more planar surfaces, which form a conveyor trough or dosing trough, by means of gravity or with the aid of centrifugal forces.
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 Examples of suitable chutes or dosing channels and matching lighting and observation systems are shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, in which preferred embodiments Forms of the present invention are shown.
  • the use of the conveyor channels or dosing channels shown in these figures is independent of the special embodiment shown in the figures.
  • the above statements regarding the preferred orientation of the particles by means of conveying channels or metering channels relate to a particularly preferred multi-axial orientation of the particles.
  • the alignment of the axis of lowest inertia parallel to the conveying direction and transversely to the observation is preferably aimed at in the method or device according to the invention.
  • the other two axes should also be aligned parallel to the observation, but for observations from three or more directions, this is less important. Note that the approximation to the surface intersection line or, more generally, the line of lowest positional energy (see above) also causes the particles to be centered in the conveyor line and thus brought into the focus area of the observations, which is an intended effect.
  • the alignment and centering of the particles is carried out by gravity.
  • a contact surface may be preferred by a larger normal component. Tilting angles between 15 ° and 35 ° have proved to be advantageous.
  • the additional alignment about the longitudinal axis (multi-axial orientation) is no longer so important, only the alignment in the longitudinal direction.
  • a preference for a contact surface is then no longer necessary, but an inclination in the direction of the kink is required for all surfaces to ensure alignment and centering.
  • the longitudinal alignment is given even in a relatively shallow groove with more than 90 °, ie z. B. at 120 ° or 135 °, here then both alignment angles, however, are very flat, and should preferably be chosen the same.
  • the aforementioned dosing and conveying devices are used to separate the particles and supply them to the measuring volume, which is generally located below the end of the last dosing or conveying device.
  • the fall line of the particles should be as close as possible to the described warping line, which is formed by the cameras from the different observation directions. This line of sharpness, or the area of sharpness, is therefore generally vertically oriented in a free-fall observation.
  • the particles are focused toward the focus area, eg by means of a funnel or deflector plates or directed gas flows. Suitable funnels, deflector plates and the appropriate adjustment of directed gas flows are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • observation zone comprising at least two cameras for observing the lignocellulosic particles from at least two observation directions for taking pictures by the cameras / observation of the lignocellulose-containing particles from at least two observation directions and recording of recordings
  • observation of the particles may e.g. take place in free fall or in a metering or conveying trough.
  • observation of the particles in a metering or conveying trough there is an observation of particles aligned on two surfaces from at least two observation directions, generally with the aid of at least two cameras.
  • a right angle of the contact surfaces and an observation parallel to the contact surfaces are preferred.
  • the particles preferably of the aligned particles, to consist of three or more, very particularly preferably three or four, in particular preferably kart from four observation directions (generally with the help of a corresponding number of cameras) takes place.
  • the device according to the invention thus preferably comprises an observation zone comprising 2, 3 or 4 cameras, preferably 4 cameras.
  • the observation zone during a free-fall observation of the particles is as described for the other methods (observation of the particles in a metering or conveying trough).
  • the only difference is that the direction of the warp line / zone is defined by the fall line and that the guidance in one groove (that is, in the bend between two surfaces of the metering or conveying channels) can be dispensed with.
  • the particles fall within a transparent cuvette, preferably a cuvette with flat surfaces.
  • the cuvette corresponds to the dosing or conveying trough described above, except that the cuvette is arranged vertically and preferably has a larger diameter than the largest dimension of the particles to be examined, preferably more than 3 times as large to avoid clogging.
  • Each observation direction limits the maximum volume upwards that the observed particles can take up, as well as the smallest volume downwards, by the projection area it perceives. If the number is 1, then it is a 2D shape description. This design does not limit the volume because it provides no information at depth. A volume determination is only possible for balls in the 2D shape description.
  • the number of observation directions is at least 2, preferably 2, 3 or 4, particularly preferably 4 (variants 2, 2b, 2c, 3, 3b, 3c). All versions with 2, 3, 4 or more viewing directions result in a limited volume.
  • the number of cameras corresponds to the number of observation directions.
  • the angle between the observation directions is preferably 90 °, since this is the angle with the highest information gain.
  • the cameras are thus aligned orthogonal to each other when using two cameras.
  • the observation directions may each be orthogonal to each other. However, this is not generally the most preferred arrangement. Depending on the orientation of the particles, other angles may be preferred, for. B. 4 in 45 ° increments in a plane perpendicular to the transport direction (conveying direction, direction of fall) arranged observations (variants 2, 2b, 2c, 3, 3b, 3c). In a preferred embodiment, the angles of the observation directions are 3 or more, preferably 3 or 4 observation directions in a plane perpendicular to the direction of conveyance or fall direction of the particles.
  • Each viewing direction has a plane of optimum sharpness and a depth of field in parallel to this plane. If all directions of observation lie in one plane, the result of the section of the planes of sharpness is a line or a tube of the depth of field around this line. With 3 and more observation directions that are not in one plane, the optimal sharpness reduces to a point or to a small volume around this point.
  • the depth of field is, as is known to those skilled in the art, dependent on the resolution of the image and, with smaller particles, is only of the order of magnitude of the particle size.
  • Extinction transmission light directional illumination
  • DDL diffused transmitted light
  • KAL coaxial incident light
  • ZAL concentric reflected light
  • extinction transmission light directional illumination
  • DDL diffuse transmitted light
  • KAL coaxial incident light
  • ZAL concentric reflected light
  • the observation in the observation zone thus preferably takes place by means of extinction transmission, diffused transmitted light, coaxial incident light or concentric incident light, preferably by means of absorbance transmission light.
  • the support surface itself can be transparent and can be irradiated by the diffused light, or it is made of a diffusing material of suitable thickness (eg, frosted glass, white plastic, Teflon), which is backlit.
  • a diffusing material eg, frosted glass, white plastic, Teflon
  • the observation does not necessarily have to be perpendicular to the irradiated glass surface.
  • ZAL and KAL you usually choose a dark background, in front of which the particles stand out brightly. For dark particles, you can also choose a light background, but should then preferably illuminate so that no shadows arise.
  • EDL electrowetting-in-dielectric
  • the optical quality is no problem, but profiles for rotary cylinders, belts and gutters can not be manufactured in optical quality without further ado.
  • this limitation can be alleviated by only lighting the materials used (eg plastics, foils, thermoformed glasses, transparent ceramics) and placing the observation on the particle side (when using a conveyor trough).
  • Dosierrinne which is open, ie, for example, has a V-profile).
  • camera and light source depends on the type of lighting. In general, especially in transmitted light and all arrangements with centering (eg all the preferred embodiments mentioned below (all variants), a triggerable S / W camera with VGA resolution, with analogue image transmission (preferred: progressive scan), a multi-channel frame grabber with z. B. 4 simultaneous channels, and lighting with cold light source, white light LED (for transmitted light also colored LEDs in question, even advantageous for certain materials) or halogen lamp used. Due to the compact design and the insensitivity to vibration, it is advantageous to use white-light LEDs, eg, LEDs. B. 1W Lumileds from Luxeon. However, there are numerous other variants realized by those skilled in the art, which can also be used, for. USB cameras, digital output cameras, Cameralink, FireWire, etc.
  • the cameras can be made in CCD and CMOS technology, the lower intensity of CMOS is no problem with transmitted light, except at high resolutions, when the shutter is no longer sufficient for the reduction of motion blur (the relationship between motion blur and exposure time is the expert known), then you can take on the one CCDs, stronger light sources (eg 3W or 5W diodes, cold light sources), or flashes (eg Wotan Polytec).
  • stronger light sources eg 3W or 5W diodes, cold light sources
  • flashes eg Wotan Polytec
  • a more sensitive camera and / or a brighter light source must as a rule be used.
  • Color cameras only make sense if an incident light image with color information is required. A useful combination with 4 pictures are then z. B. 3 B / W cameras in the EDL and a color camera in KAL.
  • a one-to-one count (each particle just once) is not compulsory for all applications, but is desirable if the acquired volume is to be used with the weight of the sample to determine the apparent density.
  • the length of the conveyor line (image section), conveying speed and frame rate must be adjusted so that each particle is completely seen at least once. For example, 25 frames / sec can be realized.
  • all cameras which can be operated synchronously are suitable for the time-correct recording of the images; otherwise you would have to stop the particle movement at the right moment, which is not always practical and slow in any case.
  • the cameras are thus preferably CCD or CMOS cameras.
  • the exposure time should be so short that no motion blur arises.
  • the exposure time should be so short that no motion blur arises.
  • a flash can be used as an alternative. It is possible to divide the flash into several illuminations.
  • Suitable imaging information such as magnification and image selection for processing and / or storage are known to those skilled in the art, e.g. in EP 1 955 045 A2.
  • the evaluation of the images may e.g. the following steps include: iva) preprocessing the image data
  • the present application thus furthermore relates to a device according to the invention, wherein in the device for evaluating the recordings of the cameras a reconstruction of the volume of the individual lignocellulose-containing particles takes place.
  • Suitable steps iva), ivb) and ivc) are known in the art and e.g. in EP 1 955 045 A2.
  • FIGS. 3 to 14 Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of example in FIGS. 3 to 14:
  • FIGS. 9, 10 Simple orthogonal arrangement with two cameras in incident light (variant 4a according to FIG. 9) and transmitted light (variant 4b according to FIG. 10), with free fall of the particles 61 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This variant has the advantage that it is very cost-effective.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 Simple orthogonal arrangement with two cameras in incident light (variant 4a according to FIG. 9) and transmitted light (variant 4b according to FIG. 10), with free fall of the particles 61 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This variant has the advantage that it is very cost-effective.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 Simple orthogonal arrangement with two cameras in incident light (variant 4a according to FIG. 9) and transmitted light (variant 4b according to FIG. 10), with free fall of the particles 61 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This variant has the advantage that it is very cost-effective.
  • FIGS. 11 to 13 Simple orthogonal arrangement with two cameras in incident light (variant 4a according to FIG.
  • both illumination paths KAL and EDL are set up for the 135 ° direction, they can optionally be used without conversion by switching the lamps on and off.
  • This 3c variant is particularly preferred because it is very accurate and versatile, since the 135 ° direction (A) can also be equipped with a color camera (RGB), so that the color of the observed particles can be determined.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of a suitable device according to the invention in a 07457907135 ° arrangement in a plane in EDL.
  • Another object of the present application is the use of the inventive device for determining the individual three-dimensional shape of lignocellulosic particles.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably used for carrying out the method according to the invention. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
  • 24a, 24b Carrier plate for dosing channel and light barrier

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif qui permet de déterminer la forme tridimensionnelle individuelle de particules lignocellulosiques, par exemple de copeaux de bois, dans des échantillons comprenant ces particules lignocellulosiques, un procédé pour déterminer la forme tridimensionnelle individuelle de particules lignocellulosiques dans des échantillons comprenant ces particules lignocellulosiques, ainsi que l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention pour déterminer la forme tridimensionnelle individuelle de particules lignocellulosiques.
EP17728235.7A 2016-06-14 2017-06-12 Détermination de la forme tridimensionnelle de particules lignocellulosiques Withdrawn EP3469337A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16174367 2016-06-14
PCT/EP2017/064254 WO2017216090A1 (fr) 2016-06-14 2017-06-12 Détermination de la forme tridimensionnelle de particules lignocellulosiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3469337A1 true EP3469337A1 (fr) 2019-04-17

Family

ID=56134186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17728235.7A Withdrawn EP3469337A1 (fr) 2016-06-14 2017-06-12 Détermination de la forme tridimensionnelle de particules lignocellulosiques

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3469337A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017216090A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019053143A1 (fr) 2017-09-13 2019-03-21 Basf Se Mousses auxétiques de polyuréthane et de mélamine par compression triaxiale

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD261831A1 (de) 1987-06-30 1988-11-09 Wtz Holzverarbeitende Ind Anordnung zur bestimmung der hauptabmessungen von partikeln
FI84761B (fi) * 1989-04-05 1991-09-30 Keskuslaboratorio Foerfarande och anordning foer bestaemning av dimensionen pao traespaon.
US20020084172A1 (en) 2000-08-01 2002-07-04 Toms Jerry L. Device and system for use in imaging particulate matter
US7009703B2 (en) 2003-03-27 2006-03-07 J.M.Canty Inc. Granular product inspection device
DE102004056520A1 (de) 2004-11-24 2006-06-01 Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Partikelform und/oder Größe von landwirtschaftlichen Gutpartikeln
JP2009500123A (ja) 2005-07-06 2009-01-08 カリディアンビーシーティ バイオテクノロジーズ，エルエルシー 生物学的サンプル中の病原体を減少させるための方法
DE102005055825A1 (de) * 2005-11-23 2007-05-24 Basf Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren für die automatische Bestimmung der individuellen dreidimensionalen Partikelform
AU2014334089A1 (en) * 2013-10-10 2016-04-21 Basf Se Lignocellulosic materials containing defibrillated cellulose
DE202014100974U1 (de) 2014-03-04 2015-06-08 Retsch Technology Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Partikelgröße und/oder der Partikelform eines Partikelgemisches
DE202014007103U1 (de) 2014-06-02 2015-09-03 Retsch Technology Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Partikelgröße und/oder der Partikelform von Partikeln in einem Partikelstrom
DE202014009443U1 (de) 2014-10-15 2016-01-18 Retsch Technology Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Partikelgröße und/oder der Partikelform von Partikeln in einem Partikelstrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017216090A1 (fr) 2017-12-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69226771T2 (de) Gerat zum optischen nachweis von verschmutzung in teilchen eines materiels mit niedrigem optischen verlust
EP1955045B1 (fr) Procédés et dispositifs pour la détermination automatisée de la forme tridimensionnelle individuelle de particules
DE69634963T2 (de) Fluorometer
DE2413706A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sortieren von glasabfaellen und -ausschuss auf transparenz
EP0983804A1 (fr) Dispositif de classification
DE102007013321A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Partikelgröße und/oder Partikelform eines Partikelgemisches
EP1582272A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif d'élimination de corps étrangers
DE102013010468A1 (de) Vorrichtung in der Spinnereivorbereitung zum Erkennen von Fremdteilen aus Kunststoff, wie Polypropylenbändchen, -gewebe und -folien u. dgl. in oder zwischen Faserflocken, z. B. aus Baumwolle
EP3463696B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé d'inspection du matériau en vrac
DE69120808T2 (de) Sortiervorrichtung
DE102004026375A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Detektion von Kratzern
DE102006023828B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung von Stirnflächen von Lichtleitern
EP3469337A1 (fr) Détermination de la forme tridimensionnelle de particules lignocellulosiques
DE3521509C2 (fr)
DE102012110793B4 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abbildung eines bahnförmigen Materials
EP1782703A1 (fr) Dispositif destiné à la surveillance optique d'un tronçon de matière dans l'industrie du traitement du tabac
EP1109010A1 (fr) Dispositif d'inspection
EP2294368B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour détecter le profil de bord de bouteilles ou de récipients similaires
DE4441686C2 (de) Sortiervorrichtung
DE4215948C2 (de) Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität eines Kristallgemisches, insbesondere von Zucker, und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE10318893A1 (de) System und Verfahren zur Bestimmung und Verteilung der Inhaltsstoffe in Verpackungsmitteln
DE19920184C2 (de) Verfahren für die gleichzeitige Erfassung von diffuser und specularer Reflexion von Proben, insbesondere undurchsichtiger Proben, sowie Reflektanz-Meßsonde
DE102015109263A1 (de) Messsystem zur Qualitätsüberwachung von Prüflingen
EP3575776A1 (fr) Système de mesure pour produits en vrac de petit volume
DE69711944T2 (de) Vorrichtung und verfahren zum sortieren von granulaten

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20190114

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20200909

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Effective date: 20210112