EP3459184B1 - Erste kommunikationsvorrichtung und dadurch durchgeführte verfahren zur verwaltung der strahlformung durch eine zweite kommunikationsvorrichtung zur übertragung eines signals - Google Patents

Erste kommunikationsvorrichtung und dadurch durchgeführte verfahren zur verwaltung der strahlformung durch eine zweite kommunikationsvorrichtung zur übertragung eines signals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3459184B1
EP3459184B1 EP16724373.2A EP16724373A EP3459184B1 EP 3459184 B1 EP3459184 B1 EP 3459184B1 EP 16724373 A EP16724373 A EP 16724373A EP 3459184 B1 EP3459184 B1 EP 3459184B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
communication device
zone
beamforming
field strength
electromagnetic field
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EP16724373.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3459184A1 (de
Inventor
Henrik Asplund
Anders FURUSKÄR
Eliane SEMAAN
Gustav LARSON
Patrik Persson
Björn THORS
Christer TÖRNEVIK
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to a first communication device and methods performed thereby for managing beamforming by a second communication device for transmission of a signal.
  • Wireless devices are also known as e.g. User Equipments (UE), mobile terminals, wireless terminals and/or Mobile Stations (MS).
  • UE User Equipments
  • MS Mobile Stations
  • Wireless devices are enabled to communicate wirelessly in a cellular communications network or wireless communication network, sometimes also referred to as a cellular radio system, cellular system, or cellular network.
  • the communication may be performed e.g. between two wireless devices, between a wireless device and a regular telephone and/or between a wireless device and a server via a Radio Access Network (RAN) and possibly one or more core networks, comprised within the wireless communications network.
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • Wireless devices may further be referred to as mobile telephones, cellular telephones, laptops, or tablets with wireless capability, just to mention some further examples.
  • the wireless devices in the present context may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled to communicate voice and/or data, via the RAN, with another entity, such as another terminal or a server.
  • the wireless communications network covers a geographical area which may be divided into cell areas, each cell area being served by an access node such as a base station, e.g. a Radio Base Station (RBS), which sometimes may be referred to as e.g., evolved Node B ("eNB"), "eNodeB”, “NodeB”, “B node”, or BTS (Base Transceiver Station), depending on the technology and terminology used.
  • a base station e.g., a Radio Base Station (RBS), which sometimes may be referred to as e.g., evolved Node B (“eNB”), "eNodeB", “NodeB”, “B node”, or BTS (Base Transceiver Station), depending on the technology and terminology used.
  • the base stations may be of different classes such as e.g. Wide Area Base Stations, Medium Range Base Stations, Local Area Base Stations and Home Base Stations, based on transmission power and thereby also cell size.
  • a cell is the geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the
  • One base station, situated on the base station site, may serve one or several cells. Further, each base station may support one or several communication technologies. The base stations communicate over the air interface operating on radio frequencies with the terminals within range of the base stations.
  • the expression Downlink (DL) is used for the transmission path from the base station to the wireless device.
  • the expression Uplink (UL) is used for the transmission path in the opposite direction i.e. from the wireless device to the base station.
  • base stations which may be referred to as eNodeBs or even eNBs, may be directly connected to one or more core networks.
  • 3GPP LTE radio access standard has been written in order to support high bitrates and low latency both for uplink and downlink traffic. All data transmission is in LTE controlled by the radio base station.
  • Radio transmitters may emit Radio Frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields.
  • a Radio Frequency (RF) ElectroMagnetic Field (RF EMF) may be understood as a physical field consisting of electric and magnetic field components produced by accelerating electrical charges. The electromagnetic energy propagates as waves where a changing electric field gives rise to a magnetic field and vice versa.
  • the electromagnetic field strength may be understood as a magnitude of an electromagnetic field vector. With knowledge of the RF EMF, power density and Specific Absorption Rate may be determined.
  • the field strength levels resulting from the RF EMF that may be emitted by radio transmitters, such as Radio Base Stations (RBS), may need to be controlled and maintained below certain limit values in different regions of space to comply with a regulation, that is, a law, policy or standard, for example. The regulation may be set due to various reasons.
  • SAR in watts/kilogram is a measure of the rate of RF energy absorption in tissue.
  • W/kg is a measure of the rate of RF energy absorption in tissue.
  • the basic restriction is specified in terms of SAR, as a quantity measured inside the body. As the frequency increases, the energy absorption in the human tissue becomes more superficial, and above 10 Gigahertz (GHz), the ICNIRP basic restrictions change from SAR to incident power density [1], that is, to a quantity measured without the body present.
  • RF EMF exposure assessments may be conducted with the purpose to make sure that the exposure levels from the considered Equipment Under Test (EUT) may not exceed the relevant limits in areas accessible to workers and members of the general public.
  • EUT Equipment Under Test
  • an RF EMF product compliance assessment may be conducted, where a compliance boundary may be determined outside of which the exposure is below the exposure limits. These compliance boundaries may be determined using either calculations or measurements as if the products are transmitting in free space. For products using external antennas, the RF EMF compliance assessment may be normally conducted for a typical antenna. For products with internal antennas, the entire EUT may be considered for the exposure assessment.
  • the size and shape of the compliance boundary depend on the output power and the EUT/antenna geometry, including material properties. The compliance boundary may be usually described with a simpler shape such as a rectangular box or a cylinder enclosing the EUT/antenna.
  • RF exposure below established SAR limits For mobile terminals, there are currently methods aimed to direct a signal away from the body and keep RF exposure below established SAR limits. In one example this is based on sensing the reflected power in the antenna [6]. This is possible when the terminal is very close to the human body. In another example [5] directing a signal away from the body and keeping an RF exposure below established SAR limits is based on sensing the proximity of the user to the terminal or on sensing how the terminal is held, and subsequently directing the emission away from the user.
  • RF EMF levels may need to be controlled and maintained below certain limit values may be when the radio transmitters may be used in environments containing sensitive electrical or electronic equipment. This may e.g., include intensive care departments in hospitals or nuclear power plants with strict requirements on ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Also for this case, compliance boundaries may be determined but instead using limits of relevance for EMC applications, e.g., the generic electric field strength immunity limit of 3 volt/meter (V/m).
  • EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
  • Beamforming may be understood as a signal processing technique for directional signal transmission or reception using antenna arrays. This may be achieved by multiplying the signals associated with each antenna element in the array with complex values (weights) to make the transmission/reception at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference.
  • candidate beam shapes may be evaluated by a receiver based on reference signal transmissions. The candidate beam shapes may be available as a pre-agreed codebook of transmit antenna weights to be applied on different transmit antenna elements. The receiver may select a preferred codebook entry, and hence one or several beam shapes, and report this to the transmitter for use in data transmissions. There exists functionality where the transmitter may restrict the receiver to only consider a subset of the available beam shapes.
  • Other precoding schemes such as e.g. reciprocity-based beamforming may allow much greater flexibility of the possible beam shapes.
  • the compliance boundary determined as indicated above may be understood as a fixed zone surrounding the EUT/antenna.
  • a conservative scenario is normally used in existing methods, where the compliance boundary is made large enough to ensure that EMF levels are below the relevant limits on RF exposure or EMC for all possible antenna weights. This may lead to very large compliance distances which may hinder the use of beamforming or make it difficult to install the RBS product at the desired location.
  • US 2014/105054 A1 discloses a method and system for providing a long range, high capacity ad-hoc mobile communication network where a narrow antenna beam formed by a plurality of antenna elements, radio transceivers and digital spatial signal processing is used to provide a high accuracy positioning system integrated into the communication system.
  • a determination of the relative positions and directive orientation of all the units in the network is done by mutual exchange of positioning data as an element in the communication protocol in the network.
  • EP 2 179 609 A1 discloses efficient frequency spectrum sharing between at least one incumbent communication system(s) and at least one cognitive radio (CR) system.
  • the incumbent system's system parameters and CR system's operational requirements are copied to a mirrored database.
  • the mirrored database is controlled by a either a central authority or a database manager having delegated authority.
  • the mirrored database is accessed by the CR system.
  • the mirrored database can be modified and updated by the central authority or delegated database manager to correct for interference detected in the incumbent system caused by the cognitive radio system.
  • the object is achieved by a method performed by a first communication device.
  • the method is for managing beamforming by a second communication device for transmission of a signal.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device operate in a wireless communications network.
  • the wireless communications network comprises a zone wherein a radio frequency electromagnetic field strength is required by a regulation to be below a threshold.
  • the first communication device adjusts at least one of: an output power and a beam shape in the beamforming.
  • the adjusting is such that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone for the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming is below the threshold.
  • the first communication device initiates transmission of the signal to a third communication device operating in the wireless communications network, using beamforming with the adjusted at least one of: output power and beam shape.
  • the object is achieved by the first communication device configured to manage beamforming configured to be used by the second communication device for transmission of the signal.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device are configured to operate in the wireless communications network.
  • the wireless communications network comprises a zone wherein a radio frequency electromagnetic field strength is required by a regulation to be below a threshold.
  • the first communication device is configured to adjust at least one of: the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming configured to be used. To adjust is configured to be such that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone for the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming is below the threshold.
  • the first communication device is further configured to initiate transmission of the signal to a third communication device configured to operate in the wireless communications network, using beamforming with the adjusted at least one of: output power and beam shape.
  • the object is achieved by a computer program.
  • the computer program comprises instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to embodiments herein.
  • the object is achieved by computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to embodiments herein.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone resulting from transmitting the signal with the adjusted output power and/or beam shape is kept below the threshold, and therefore compliant with the regulation.
  • embodiments herein allow greater freedom in deployment of RBS by ensuring that the RF EMF levels are below relevant limits in certain areas where restrictions on said levels may apply. Installation locations which would be unavailable with a general, non-site specific, compliance boundary may now be used according to the embodiments herein. Furthermore, embodiments herein do not require configuration changes in the devices which may receive the transmitted signals.
  • FIG 1a and Figure 1b each depict an example of a wireless communications network 100, sometimes also referred to as a radio system, radio network or wireless communications system, in which embodiments herein may be implemented.
  • the wireless communications network 100 may for example be a network such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), e.g.
  • LTE Long-Term Evolution
  • LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), LTE Half-Duplex Frequency Division Duplex (HD-FDD), LTE operating in an unlicensed band, or a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) TDD, Ultra-Mobile Broadband (UMB), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) network, GSM/Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (GERAN) network, EDGE network, a network comprising of any combination of Radio Access Technologies (RATs) such as e.g.
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) base stations multi-RAT base stations etc., any 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network, WiFi network, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), 5G system or any wireless network or system.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • WiFi Wireless Fidelity
  • WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • the wireless communications network 100 comprises a plurality of communication devices whereof a first communication device 101, a second communication device 102, and a third communication device 103 are depicted in Figure 1a .
  • the first communication device 101 is a network node controlling the actions of the second communication device 102, which is a radio network node as described below.
  • the first communication device 101 and the second communication device 102 may be implemented in a so-called cloud solution, where the first communication device 101 may be a so-called virtual node or virtual machine controlling the actions of the second communication device 102.
  • the first communication device 101 may also have in a so-called distributed implementation, wherein the actions described herein as being performed by the first communication device 101 may actually be performed by one or more processors from different nodes communicating in the cloud.
  • the first communication device 101 may be, e.g., a core network node, such as, e.g., Mobility Management Entity (MME), Self-Optimizing/Organizing Network (SON) node, a coordinating node, positioning node, Minimization of Drive Test (MDT) node, etc....
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • SON Self-Optimizing/Organizing Network
  • MDT Minimization of Drive Test
  • the first communication device 101 may be the same as the second communication device 102, in which case the first communication device 101 and the second communication device 102 may be a same radio network node.
  • the wireless communications network 100 comprises a plurality of radio network nodes whereof the second communication device 102 is depicted in Figures 1a and 1b .
  • the second communication device 102 is a radio network node with beamforming capability.
  • the radio network node may be a base station, such as e.g., an eNB, eNodeB, or a Home Node B, a Home eNodeB, femto Base Station, BS, Transmission Point, Radio Access Point, Remote Radio Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), or any other network unit capable to serve a wireless device or a machine type communication device in the wireless communications network 100 using beamforming.
  • a base station such as e.g., an eNB, eNodeB, or a Home Node B, a Home eNodeB, femto Base Station, BS, Transmission Point, Radio Access Point, Remote Radio Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), or any other network unit capable to serve a wireless device
  • the second communication device 102 may be e.g., a Wide Area Base Station, Medium Range Base Station, Local Area Base Station and Home Base Station, based on transmission power and thereby also coverage size.
  • the second communication device 102 may be a stationary relay node or a mobile relay node.
  • the second communication device 102 may support one or several communication technologies, and their name may depend on the technology and terminology used.
  • the second communication device 102 may serve receiving nodes such as the third communication device 103, with serving beams.
  • the radio network node with beamforming capability may be a wireless device.
  • a wireless device such as a UE, may be also known as e.g. mobile terminal, wireless terminal and/or mobile station, mobile telephone, cellular telephone, or laptop with wireless capability, just to mention some further examples.
  • the wireless device in the present context may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or a vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and/or data, via a RAN, with another entity, such as a server, a laptop, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), or a tablet computer, sometimes referred to as a tablet with wireless capability, a Machine-to-Machine (M2M) device, a device equipped with a wireless interface, such as a printer or a file storage device, modem, Laptop Embedded Equipped (LEE), Laptop Mounted Equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) or any other radio network unit capable of communicating over a radio link in a wireless communications network 100.
  • M2M Machine-to-Machine
  • LOE Laptop Embedded Equipped
  • LME Laptop Mounted Equipment
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • the wireless device may be wireless, i.e., it may be enabled to communicate wirelessly in the wireless communication network 100.
  • the communication may be performed e.g., between two devices, between a device and a regular telephone and/or between a device and a server.
  • the communication may be performed e.g., via a RAN and possibly one or more core networks, comprised within the wireless communications network 100.
  • a number of wireless devices may be located in the wireless communications network 100.
  • the third communication device 103 may be a wireless communication device, as just described.
  • the wireless communications network 100 comprises a zone 120, which may also be referred to herein as a compliance zone 120.
  • the zone 120 may be understood as a two-dimensional area or a three-dimensional volume where a radio frequency electromagnetic field strength is subject to a regulation. That is, the RF exposure limits or EMC limits, as they may be set by the regulation, must be fulfilled within the zone 120.
  • the zone 120 may be defined at production, that is, by factory settings, at installation, and/or during operation, according to different embodiments herein. At installation, the installation technician may physically measure or estimate the dimensions of the zone 120, and make these available to the first communication device 101, e.g. to a network operating center, or to the second communication device 102.
  • the compliance zone 120 may be estimated using sensor input, e.g. video images or similar, as known in the art. This estimation may also take into account an effect of significant reflectors, which, if not considered, may result in RF EMF levels above the regulation limits inside the zone 120.
  • a boundary of the zone 120 may be updated following changes in the regulation, access of humans to the vicinity of the second communication device 102, or orientation of the second communication device 102. Such changes may necessitate a message being passed to the first communication device 101 or the second communication device 102 defining the new compliance zone 120.
  • the zone 120 for an RF EMF exposure assessment, the zone 120 may correspond to the area outside of the compliance boundary, as described earlier.
  • the zone 120 may correspond to a room with sensitive equipment.
  • the first communication device 101 may communicate with the second communication device 102 over a first link 131, which may be a radio link or a wired link.
  • the second communication device 102 may communicate with the third communication device 103 over a second link 132, which may be a radio link.
  • Embodiments herein may be understood to relate to ensuring compliance with RF EMF exposure or EMC limits for products employing beamforming technologies.
  • terminologies such as “SAR”, “RF exposure limits”, “RF field strength limits”, “EMC limits” and “Human presence” have been used in this disclosure, this should not be seen as limiting the scope of the invention to only the aforementioned limits and exposed individuals.
  • “Human presence” may be considered as the exposed individuals and "SAR”, “RF exposure limits”, “EMC limits” as a threshold, e.g., a value or limit to be fulfilled according to the regulation.
  • a threshold e.g., a value or limit to be fulfilled according to the regulation.
  • other radio transmitters and receivers with a certain threshold to fulfill may also benefit from exploiting the embodiments covered within this disclosure.
  • the wireless communications network 100 comprises the zone 120, wherein a radio frequency electromagnetic field strength is required by the regulation to be below a threshold.
  • the threshold may be understood as a limit applicable by the regulation used.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 may be required by the regulation to always be below the threshold.
  • the threshold may be a value that may never be surpassed. This may be the case, for example when the threshold may be for EMC applications.
  • the regulation may require the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120, when averaged over a time period, to be below the threshold.
  • the threshold may be a value that may not be surpassed over the time period, as specified in the regulation. This may be the case, for example, when the threshold may be for RF EMF exposure assessments.
  • the signal may be understood herein as a radio signal.
  • the signal may be, e.g., a data transmission signal dedicated to a particular receiver such as the third communication device 103, a data transmission signal broadcast to multiple receivers comprising the third communication device 103, a control information signal dedicated to the third communication device 103 or several receivers, a general system information signal, or any combination of the above.
  • the method comprises the following actions.
  • beamforming may be one technique to be used.
  • very high antenna gains may be achievable which may restrict the possibilities to deploy a radio base station where wanted, while at the same time not exceeding the threshold or limit set by a regulation on the RF EMF levels in certain areas, where for various reasons restrictions on the RF EMF levels may apply.
  • Such an area may be e.g., the zone 120 described earlier.
  • embodiments herein allow to use beamforming as an enabler to actually deploy radio base stations such as the second communication device 102 where wanted, while at the same time maintaining the RF EMF levels in certain areas at or below a required limit.
  • zone 120 that is, a compliance zone where the RF exposure limits or EMC limits must be fulfilled, it may be possible to adjust the shape and/or power of a beam in the second communication device 102 to ensure that the installation fulfills all requirements needed to comply with the regulation dictating the threshold or limit.
  • the first communication device 101 may consider using at least one of: an output power and a beam shape in the beamforming by the second communication device 102.
  • the output power and the beam shape may be a desired output power and a desired beam shape to be used in the beamforming by the second communication device 102 to e.g., obtain a better performance from a communication point of view.
  • the output power may be understood to refer to a power available from a generator in the second communication device 102, for a beam pattern.
  • the beam shape may be understood as a resulting radiation pattern of an antenna used by the second communication device 102 for the transmission of the signal, and antenna weights.
  • An antenna weight may be understood as an amplitude and phase adjustment of a signal sent from an antenna.
  • An array antenna may comprise several antenna elements, for which different weights may be used.
  • the first communication device 101 adjusts at least one of: the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming by the second communication device 102.
  • the adjusting is such that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 for the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming is below the threshold.
  • Adjusting may be understood as changing the desired output power and the desired beam shape so that, when used in the beamforming by the second communication device 102, they result in a radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 that is below the threshold, and therefore, compliant with the regulation. Adjusting may also be understood as changing the desired output power and the desired beam shape until they result in an estimated radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 that is below the threshold, and therefore, if used by the second communication device 102, would be compliant with the regulation.
  • the first communication device 101 adjusts the output power and/or the beam shapes that may be used for beamforming by the second communication device 102 so that the RF EMF levels in the zone 120 once the signal is transmitted are at or below the threshold.
  • the adjusting may also comprise determining, estimating or calculating whether the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 that would result from using the output power and or the beam shape would be below the threshold.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength may be understood as described above.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone may depend on both, beamformed signals and non-beamformed signals, originating simultaneously from the second communication device 102.
  • Examples of beamformed signals may be data transmission.
  • Examples of non-beamformed signals may be control channel transmissions including reference signals for channel estimation.
  • the regulation may be a law, policy, standard, etc... as described earlier.
  • Examples of a regulation may be that concerning RF exposure limits for human safety, or concerning requirements on ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC), as discussed earlier.
  • EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
  • the adjusting may be performed based on an obtained determination that an adjustment of the output power or the beam shape is necessary.
  • the beam shape adjustment may be carried out by the first communication device 101 by selecting a different weight vector than one that may be currently used. This may change the directivity of beams that may be transmitted either directly, or indirectly via reflections, in one or more directions towards the zone 120.
  • the adjusting of this Action 202 may be performed by sending a message to the second communication device 102, via e.g., the first link 131.
  • the message may comprise an indication on how to perform the adjustment.
  • the boundary of the zone 120 may be updated following changes in the regulation, access of humans to the vicinity of the second communication device 102, or orientation of the second communication device 102. That is, a dimension of the zone 120 may be updated.
  • the update of the dimension of the zone 120 may be obtained by the first communication device 101 by receiving a message from another communication device in the wireless communications network 100. The message may comprise an indication of such an update.
  • the adjusting of this Action 202 may be performed based on an obtained update of the dimension of the zone 120.
  • the adjusting is performed prior to the second communication device 102 using the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming. Therefore, the second communication device 102, when using the output power and the beam shape is compliant with the regulation.
  • the adjusting in this Action may be performed based on one of: a) a look-up table comprising a finite set of weights, and b) a certain antenna weight vector and corresponding output power.
  • transmission of a signal may be performed over multiple antenna elements by applying an individual weight, that is, an excitation, to each of these antenna elements.
  • Each weight may be understood to define a magnitude and a phase of the RF EMF transmitted by each antenna element.
  • a weight vector may be understood to represent a specific excitation of all the antenna elements in the array.
  • a finite set of weight vectors may be understood as a countable number of pre-defined antenna array excitations.
  • a look-up table specified for a finite set of weight vectors is understood as a table of pre-calculated values, wherein by inputting a specific weight vector for transmission of the signal from the second communication device 102, an output value is obtained of the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength that would result in the zone 120.
  • the obtaining the determination is performed based on the look-up table.
  • the adjusting may have been performed by checking the output value for the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength that would result in the zone 120 for a specific weight vector for transmission of the signal from the second communication device 102.
  • the adjusting may have been performed based on a lookup-table that may directly provide a maximum output power that may be used, e.g., by the second communication device 102, with a specific weight vector.
  • the adjusting may have been performed for a certain antenna weight vector and corresponding output power, that is, by making a whole calculation without using pre-calculated values, e.g., without using a look-up table.
  • the first communication device 101 may estimate the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength on a boundary to the zone 120 for different power settings and beam shapes. This estimate may be conservatively calculated according to standardized procedures for exposure assessments and if relevant also considering effects of ambient sources and the environment [3], [4].
  • the threshold is a value that may not be surpassed over the time period, as specified in the regulation.
  • the adjusting may be based on a determination of whether the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 would be below the threshold over a period of time.
  • the power and beamforming control may or may not also consider the time of exposure.
  • the relevant limits may be taken as an average over a certain period of time, thereby allowing during a shorter period of time RF EMF levels above the threshold, as long as the time-average is below the threshold, that is, the limit set by the regulation.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength may be averaged over a time period.
  • An exception may be for EMC applications, where no time-averaging may apply.
  • the threshold may therefore be understood as a limit, with or without an averaging time as applicable by the regulation used.
  • the adjusting such that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 for the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming is below the threshold may be implemented so that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 is below or equal to a value related to the threshold or limit, or indirectly so that the electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 is not above the threshold.
  • Other variants will also be understood by one of skill in the art to be comprised in this Action.
  • zone 120 and the threshold are based on a compliance with the regulation may be understood as that the regulation may dictate or establish in what area, volume, space, room, etc, the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength may need to be kept under which value.
  • the zone 120 may be pre-configured, that is, it may have fixed dimensions based on the regulation. In other embodiments, the zone 120 may be estimated by the first communication device 101 based on sensor input. For example, in examples wherein the second communication device 102 may be mounted on a wall of a city building, the sensor may measure the distance to a building on the opposite side of the street.
  • the first communication device 101 initiates transmission of the signal to the third communication device 103 operating in the wireless communications network 100 using beamforming with the adjusted at least one of: output power and beam shape.
  • the adjusted output power and/or beam shape are the result of performing Action 201.
  • the initiating transmission of this Action 203 may be performed by sending an instruction, via e.g., the first link 131, to the second communication device 102 to start transmitting the signal to the third communication device 103, or simply by triggering the transmission of the signal, in an indirect way.
  • the initiating of the transmission may be implemented by starting the transmission of the signal.
  • FIG. 3 An example of embodiments herein is shown in Figure 3 , where the first communication device 101 is the same as the second communication device 102, which is a ceiling mounted base station installed in an indoor environment at a height of 4 meters (m). It is expected that humans are not taller than 2.5 m. Then, when directing a beam emitted by the second communication device 102 straight down towards the floor, the power and/or beam shape may be set by the adjusting of Action 201, so that the exposure limit is not exceeded at a distance of 1.5m from the ceiling, that is, in the zone 120. Compliance with limits on RF EMF exposure may therefore be obtained in the zone 120, which is the region accessible to the general public, and which is represented in the Figure as the volume below the dashed line. When directing a beam towards a receiver 50 m away, almost in parallel with the ceiling, a higher power may be used, such that the exposure limit is not exceeded at a distance of 50 m. The transmitted power level is indicated in Figure 3 with the beam thickness.
  • FIG. 4 Another example of embodiments herein is shown in Figure 4 , where the first communication device 101 is the same as the second communication device 102, which is a wall mounted RBS installed to provide coverage in an environment with sensitive equipment.
  • the sensitive equipment is located in the zone 120, which in this example is a room.
  • the power and/or beam shape may be set by the adjusting of Action 201, so that the electric field strength does not exceed the relevant EMC limit inside the pre-defined zone 120.
  • the transmitted power level in Figure 4 is indicated with the beam thickness.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a non-limiting example of the method according to embodiments herein.
  • the first communication device 101 based on a defined compliance zone perimeter 501, which may be understood as the perimeter of the compliance zone 120, and a set of beam shapes 502 of the second communication device 102, may obtain the determination of whether the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength (RF EMF) in the zone 120 for a desired set of beam shapes is below the threshold. This is done by estimating the RF EMF levels on the compliance zone 120 perimeter, as described in Action 201-1.
  • RF EMF radio frequency electromagnetic field strength
  • the first communication device 101 adjusts the output power and/or beam shape, on a per-beam basis, to make the RF EMF in the zone 120 due to all the beams in the second communication device 102 compliant with the regulation. Finally, in Action 202, the first communication device 101 initiates transmission of the signal with the adjusted power or beam shapes.
  • the first communication device 101 may control the transmit power and/or the antenna diagram based on a pre-defined compliance zone 120 in which the RF EMF levels are required to be below certain limit values. This may be achieved via the use of a beamforming processor that may adjust the shape and/or power of all possible beams such that the RF EMF levels inside the compliance zone 120 are below the predefined limits, e.g., set by the regulation.
  • One benefit of the embodiments herein is that they allow greater freedom in deployment of RBS by ensuring that the RF EMF levels are below relevant limits in certain areas where restrictions on said levels may apply. Installation locations which would be unavailable a general, that is, non-site specific, compliance boundary may now be used, according to the embodiments herein.
  • the coverage may be improved by enabling higher power to be transmitted in certain directions using beamforming.
  • Another benefit of the embodiments herein is that they are transparent to the third communication device 103, e.g., a UE. This is because the embodiments herein will be compliant with existing wireless standards through the use of a codebook design for multi-antenna beamforming and spatial multiplexing. This ensures that the wireless devices in the wireless communications network 100, such as the third communication device 103, may rely on the transmitted reference symbols for estimating the beamforming gain of a particular precoder without requiring configuration changes in the wireless devices.
  • the first communication device 101 is configured to manage beamforming configured to be used by the second communication device 102 for transmission of the signal.
  • the first communication device 101 comprises the following arrangement depicted in Figure 6 .
  • the first communication device 101 and the second communication device 102 are configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100 comprising the zone 120 wherein the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength is required by the regulation to be below the threshold.
  • the signal may be understood herein as a radio signal.
  • the first communication device 101 is configured to, e.g., by means of an adjusting module 601 configured to, adjust at least one of: output power and beam shape in the beamforming configured to be used, wherein to adjust is configured to be such that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 for the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming is below the threshold.
  • an adjusting module 601 configured to, adjust at least one of: output power and beam shape in the beamforming configured to be used, wherein to adjust is configured to be such that the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength in the zone 120 for the output power and the beam shape in the beamforming is below the threshold.
  • the adjusting module 601 may be a processor 603 of the first communication device 101.
  • to adjust may be configured to be performed based on one of: a) the look-up table comprising a finite set of weights, and b) the certain antenna weight vector and corresponding output power.
  • the radio frequency electromagnetic field strength may be configured to be averaged over the time period.
  • the zone 120 may be a) pre-configured or b) configured to be estimated by the first communication device 101 based on sensor input.
  • to adjust may be configured to be performed based on the obtained update of the dimension of the zone 120.
  • the update of the dimension of the zone 120 may be configured to be obtained by receiving the message from another communication device in the wireless communications network 100.
  • the adjusting 202 may be performed by sending the message to the second communication device 102, the message comprising the indication on how to perform the adjustment.
  • the first communication device 101 is further configured to, e.g., by means of an initiating module 602 configured to, initiate transmission of the signal to the third communication device 103 configured to operate in the wireless communications network 100 using beamforming with the adjusted at least one of: output power and beam shape.
  • the initiating module 602 may be the processor 603 of the first communication device 101.
  • the embodiments herein to manage beamforming configured to be used by the second communication device 102 for transmission of the signal may be implemented through one or more processors, such as the processor 603 in the first communication device 101 depicted in Figure 6 , together with computer program code for performing the functions and actions of the embodiments herein.
  • the program code mentioned above may also be provided as a computer program product, for instance in the form of a data carrier carrying computer program code for performing the embodiments herein when being loaded into the in the first communication device 101.
  • One such carrier may be in the form of a CD ROM disc. It is however feasible with other data carriers such as a memory stick.
  • the computer program code may furthermore be provided as pure program code on a server and downloaded to the first communication device 101.
  • the computer program code may also be provided as a service from the cloud.
  • the processor 603 may comprise one or more circuits, which may also be referred to as one or more modules in some embodiments, each configured to perform the actions carried out by the first communication device 101, as described above in reference to Figure 6 , e.g., the adjusting module 601, and the initiating module 602.
  • the adjusting module 601, and the initiating module 602 described above may be implemented as one or more applications running on one or more processors such as the processor 603.
  • the methods according to the embodiments described herein for the first communication device 101 may be respectively implemented by means of a computer program 607 product, comprising instructions, i.e., software code portions, which, when executed on at least one processor 603, cause the at least one processor 603 to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the first communication device 101.
  • the computer program 607 product may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium 608.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 608, having stored thereon the computer program 607, may comprise instructions which, when executed on at least one processor 603, cause the at least one processor 603 to carry out the actions described herein, as performed by the first communication device 101.
  • the computer-readable storage medium 608 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a CD ROM disc, a memory stick, or stored in the cloud space.
  • the computer program 607 product may be stored on a carrier containing the computer program, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or the computer-readable storage medium 608, as described above.
  • the first communication device 101 may further comprise a memory 604 comprising one or more memory units.
  • the memory 604 may be arranged to be used to store obtained information, such as the information received by the processor 603, store data configurations, scheduling, and applications etc. to perform the methods herein when being executed in the first communication device 101.
  • the memory 604 may be in communication with the processor 603. Any of the other information processed by the processor 603 may also be stored in the memory 604.
  • information e.g., from the second communication device 102 or the third communication device 103, may be received through a receiving port 605.
  • the receiving port 605 may be in communication with the processor 603.
  • the receiving port 605 may also be configured to receive other information.
  • the processor 603 may be further configured to send messages, e.g., to second communication device 102 or the third communication device 103, through a sending port 606, which may be in communication with the processor 603, and the memory 604.
  • any module within the first communication device 101 may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and/or one or more processors such as the processor 603 configured with software and/or firmware, e.g. stored in the memory 604, that when executed by the one or more processors such as the processor 603, perform actions as described above, in relation to Figures 2 and/or 5.
  • processors as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single application-specific integrated circuitry (ASIC), or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a system-on-a-chip (SoC).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuitry
  • SoC system-on-a-chip

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Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren, das von einer ersten Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) durchgeführt wird, zur Steuerung von Strahlformung durch eine zweite Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) zur Übertragung eines Signals, wobei die erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) und die zweite Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) in einem drahtlosen Kommunikationsnetzwerk (100) operieren, das eine Zone (120) umfasst, in welcher eine elektromagnetische Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke laut Vorschrift unter einer Schwelle sein muss, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    - Anpassen (201) mindestens einer von: einer Ausgangsleistung und einer Strahlform bei der Strahlformung, wobei das Anpassen (201) derart ist, dass die elektromagnetische Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke in der Zone (120) für die Ausgangsleistung und die Strahlform bei der Strahlformung unter der Schwelle ist, wobei das Anpassen basierend auf einer Nachschlagetabelle durchgeführt wird, die für einen endlichen Satz von Gewichtsvektoren spezifiziert ist, wobei die Nachschlagetabelle eine Tabelle vorab berechneter Werte ist, wobei durch Eingeben eines spezifischen Gewichtsvektors zur Übertragung des Signals von der zweiten Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) ein Ausgabewert der elektromagnetischen Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke erhalten wird, der sich in der Zone (120) ergeben würde; und
    - Initiieren von Übertragung (202) des Signals an eine dritte Kommunikationsvorrichtung (103), die im drahtlosen Kommunikationsnetzwerk (100) operiert, unter Verwendung von Strahlformung mit der mindestens einen angepassten von: einer Ausgangsleistung und einer Strahlform.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die elektromagnetische Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke über einen Zeitraum gemittelt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei das Anpassen (202) basierend auf einer erhaltenen Aktualisierung einer Dimension der Zone (120) durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Aktualisierung der Dimension der Zone (120) durch Empfangen einer Nachricht von einer anderen Kommunikationsvorrichtung im drahtlosen Kommunikationsnetzwerk (100) erhalten wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Anpassen (202) durch Senden einer Nachricht an die zweite Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) durchgeführt wird, wobei die Nachricht eine Anweisung hinsichtlich dessen umfasst, wie die Anpassung durchgeführt werden soll.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Zone (120) a) vorkonfiguriert ist oder b) von der ersten Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) basierend auf einer Sensoreingabe geschätzt wird.
  7. Computerprogramm (607), umfassend Anweisungen, die bei Ausführung auf mindestens einem Prozessor (603) den mindestens einen Prozessor (603) zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 veranlassen.
  8. Computerlesbares Speichermedium (608) mit einem darauf gespeicherten Computerprogramm (607), das Anweisungen umfasst, die bei Ausführung auf mindestens einem Prozessor (603) den mindestens einen Prozessor (603) zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 veranlassen.
  9. Erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101), die so konfiguriert ist, dass sie Strahlformung steuert, die konfiguriert ist, um von einer zweiten Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) zur Übertragung eines Signals verwendet zu werden, wobei die erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) und die zweite Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) in einem drahtlosen Kommunikationsnetzwerk (100) operieren, das eine Zone (120) umfasst, in welcher eine elektromagnetische Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke laut Vorschrift unter einer Schwelle sein muss, wobei die erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) ferner konfiguriert ist zum:
    - Anpassen mindestens einer von: einer Ausgangsleistung und einer Strahlform bei der Strahlformung, die konfiguriert ist, um verwendet zu werden, wobei das Anpassen derart konfiguriert ist, dass die elektromagnetische Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke in der Zone (120) für die Ausgangsleistung und die Strahlform bei der Strahlformung unter der Schwelle ist, wobei das Anpassen basierend auf einer Nachschlagetabelle durchgeführt wird, die für einen endlichen Satz von Gewichtsvektoren spezifiziert ist, wobei die Nachschlagetabelle eine Tabelle vorab berechneter Werte ist, wobei durch Eingeben eines spezifischen Gewichtsvektors zur Übertragung des Signals von der zweiten Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) ein Ausgabewert der elektromagnetischen Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke erhalten wird, der sich in der Zone (120) ergeben würde; und
    - Initiieren von Übertragung des Signals an eine dritte Kommunikationsvorrichtung (103), die konfiguriert ist, um im drahtlosen Kommunikationsnetzwerk (100) zu operieren, unter Verwendung von Strahlformung mit der mindestens einen angepassten von: einer Ausgangsleistung und einer Strahlform.
  10. Erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) nach Anspruch 9, wobei die elektromagnetische Hochfrequenz-Feldstärke konfiguriert ist, um über einen Zeitraum gemittelt zu werden.
  11. Erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 10, wobei das Anpassen konfiguriert ist, um basierend auf einer erhaltenen Aktualisierung einer Dimension der Zone (120) durchgeführt zu werden.
  12. Erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Aktualisierung der Dimension der Zone (120) konfiguriert ist, um durch Empfangen einer Nachricht von einer anderen Kommunikationsvorrichtung im drahtlosen Kommunikationsnetzwerk (100) erhalten zu werden.
  13. Erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, wobei das Anpassen konfiguriert ist, um durch Senden einer Nachricht an die zweite Kommunikationsvorrichtung (102) durchgeführt zu werden, wobei die Nachricht eine Anweisung hinsichtlich dessen umfasst, wie die Anpassung durchgeführt werden soll.
  14. Erste Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, wobei die Zone (120) a) vorkonfiguriert ist oder b) konfiguriert ist, um von der ersten Kommunikationsvorrichtung (101) basierend auf einer Sensoreingabe geschätzt zu werden.
EP16724373.2A 2016-05-18 2016-05-18 Erste kommunikationsvorrichtung und dadurch durchgeführte verfahren zur verwaltung der strahlformung durch eine zweite kommunikationsvorrichtung zur übertragung eines signals Active EP3459184B1 (de)

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