EP3450751A1 - Rotorblatt für eine windturbine, windturbine mit einem oder mehreren rotorblättern und verfahren zur enteisung und/oder zum eisschutz eines spitzenteils des rotorblatts - Google Patents

Rotorblatt für eine windturbine, windturbine mit einem oder mehreren rotorblättern und verfahren zur enteisung und/oder zum eisschutz eines spitzenteils des rotorblatts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3450751A1
EP3450751A1 EP17188227.7A EP17188227A EP3450751A1 EP 3450751 A1 EP3450751 A1 EP 3450751A1 EP 17188227 A EP17188227 A EP 17188227A EP 3450751 A1 EP3450751 A1 EP 3450751A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor blade
tip part
wind turbine
rotor
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17188227.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3450751C0 (de
EP3450751B1 (de
Inventor
Sebastian JOHANSEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fortum Power and Heat Oy
Original Assignee
Fortum Power and Heat Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fortum Power and Heat Oy filed Critical Fortum Power and Heat Oy
Priority to EP17188227.7A priority Critical patent/EP3450751B1/de
Publication of EP3450751A1 publication Critical patent/EP3450751A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3450751C0 publication Critical patent/EP3450751C0/de
Publication of EP3450751B1 publication Critical patent/EP3450751B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F03D1/0687—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades of the blade tip region
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F03D80/301—Lightning receptor and down conductor systems in or on blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • F03D80/402—De-icing by convective heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/307—Blade tip, e.g. winglets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention concerns in general the technical field of wind turbines. Especially the invention concerns a rotor blade for wind turbines.
  • a wind turbine may be used to convert mechanical rotation into electrical power.
  • the wind turbines are horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT), wherein the main rotor shaft and electrical generator are arrange at the top of a tower and pointed into the wind.
  • the wind turbines may be vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT), wherein the main rotor shaft is arranged vertically.
  • VAWT vertical-axis wind turbines
  • the wind turbine comprises one or more rotor blades, typically three rotor blades.
  • the rotor blades may be otherwise hollow, but the tip part of the rotor blade is compact, i.e. solid.
  • the material of the tip part of the rotor blade may be glass fiber composite.
  • the most of the rotational torque comes from a tip part of the rotor blade.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates a rotor blade 100 according to the prior art solution, wherein the tip part 110 is compact or have a significantly decreasing air-gap towards the tip.
  • the rotor blade 100 may comprise an electric heating element (not shown in Figure 1 ) and a heat blower 120 for providing heat inside the rotor blade 100 in order to de-ice and/or anti-ice the outer surfaces of the rotor blade 100.
  • the electric heating element and the heat blower 120 are typically arranged inside the rotor blade 100 in the vicinity of a rotor hub (blower) or alongside the leading edge (heating element). Because the tip part 110 of the rotor blade 100 is compact or have a partial and very narrow air-gap resulting in insufficient amount of heat available for the tip part 110 of the rotor blade 100. Moreover, in case heating elements are used they cannot be extended to the outmost part of the tip due to the increased risk of lightning strikes.
  • the drawback of the prior art solutions are that the ice formed on the outer surface of the tip part 110 of the rotor blade 100 may not be removed.
  • the arrows 115a-115c in Figure 1 illustrate how the heat may be transferred inside the rotor blade 100 by means of the electric heating element (not shown in Figure 1 ) and the blower 120.
  • An objective of the invention is to present a rotor blade, a wind turbine, and a method for de-icing and/or anti-icing a tip part of the rotor blade. Another objective of the invention is that the rotor blade, the wind turbine, and the method enable heat to travel to the outmost tip of the rotor blade in order to at least partly remove or prevent ice formation on the tip part of the rotor blade. Still another objective of the invention is that the rotor blade may be used as a lightning receptor.
  • a rotor blade for a wind turbine comprising a body part attachable to a rotor hub of the wind turbine and a tip part, the body part and the tip part are attachable to each other, wherein the tip part is hollow and made of heat conductive material.
  • the heat conductive material of the tip part may be one of the following: aluminum, aircraft aluminum, copper, carbon fiber.
  • the tip part and the body part may be attachable to each other by means of at least one of the following: glue, tongue and groove joint, screw, bolt, flange, T-bolt, insert, lamination.
  • the rotor blade may further comprise heat providing means configured to provide heat towards the tip part in order to de-ice and/or anti-ice outer surfaces of the body part and the tip part, wherein the heat providing means may be arranged inside the body part substantially in the end that is attachable to the rotor hub of the wind turbine.
  • the rotor blade may further comprise one or more partition walls arranged inside the body part in a longitudinal direction of the rotor blade.
  • the tip part may comprise one or more heat conductive plates arranged in a longitudinal direction of the rotor blade.
  • the length of the tip part may be from 1 to 5 meters.
  • the material of the tip part may further be an electrical conductive material.
  • a wind turbine comprising one or more rotor blades described above is provided.
  • a method for de-icing and/or anti-icing a tip part of a rotor blade for a wind turbine comprises a body part attachable to a rotor hub of the wind turbine and the tip part that is hollow and made of heat conductive material, the body part and the tip part are attachable to each other, wherein the method comprises providing heat into the hollow tip part in order to de-ice and/or anti-ice outer surfaces of the tip part.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates schematically an example of a rotor blade 200 for a wind turbine according to the invention.
  • the rotor blade 200 comprises a body part 230 that is attachable to a rotor hub of the wind turbine. Furthermore, the rotor blade 200 comprises a tip part 210.
  • the body part 230 and the tip part 210 are attachable to each other.
  • the body part 230 and the tip part 210 may be attached to each other by means of at least one of the following: glue, tongue and groove joint, screw, bolt, flange, T-bolt, insert, lamination etc..
  • the tip part 210 may at least partly extend on top of the body part 230.
  • the rotor blade 200 may be manufactured from a separate tip part 210 and a separate body part 230 so that they form a uniform rotor blade, which enables the desired properties of the rotor blade 200 that will be described later in this application.
  • the tip part 210 and the body part 230 may be laminated to a single part forming the rotor blade 200.
  • the length of the tip part 210 may be between 1 to 5 meters.
  • the total length of the rotor blade 200 may be between 10 to 80 meters, for example.
  • the maximum length of the rotor blade 200 is limited by the strength and stiffness of the material of the rotor blade 200.
  • the material of the body part 230 of the rotor blade 200 may preferably have a high stiffness, high strength, low weight, and high fatigue resistance.
  • the material of the body part may be for example, fiber-reinforced composites comprising polyester, epoxy, glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc.
  • the diameter of the rotor blade 200 decreases towards the tip of the rotor blade 200.
  • the rotor blade 200 may further comprise heat providing means configured to provide heat towards the tip part 210 of the rotor blade 200 in order to de-ice and/or anti-ice outer surfaces of the body part 230 and the tip part 210.
  • the heat providing means may comprise an electric heating element, such as a resistor (not shown in Figure 2A ), and/or a heat blower 120.
  • the electric heating element and the heat blower 120 may be arranged inside the rotor blade 200.
  • the heat blower 120 may be arranged in the vicinity of the rotor hub of the wind turbine and the electric heating element alongside a leading edge of the rotor blade 200.
  • a residual heat from a nacelle of the wind turbine may be lead into the rotor blade 200 in order to de-ice and/or anti-ice outer surfaces of the body part 230 and the tip part 210.
  • the heat providing means may be configured to lead the residual heat from the nacelle of the wind turbine into the rotor blade 200.
  • the tip part 210 is hollow and made of heat conductive material.
  • the hollow structure and the heat conductive material of the tip part 210 enable that the heat may be transferred to the tip. In other words a sufficient amount of heat may be available for the tip part 210.
  • the rotor blade 200 according to the invention enables also de-icing and/or anti-icing of the outer surfaces of the tip part 210.
  • the arrows 215a-215c in Figure 2A illustrate how the heat may be transferred inside the rotor blade 200 by means of the heat providing means.
  • the arrow 215b illustrates that the heat may be transferred inside the tip part 210. Materials having heat conductivity more than 0.04 W/mK are suitable for the tip part 210.
  • Materials suitable for the tip part 210 according to the invention may be for example aluminum, aircraft aluminum, copper, carbon fiber etc.
  • the heat conductive materials have better heat transfer properties to enable the heat to travel to the outmost tip part and transfer through the material is significantly better than in the prior art solutions.
  • the heat conductive materials may be thinner than the glass fiber used in prior art solutions.
  • the material of the tip part 210 may be also an electrical conductive material so that the tip part 210 may be simultaneously used also as a lightning receptor without any additional parts.
  • the rotor blade 200 comprises further a leading edge 250, a trailing edge 260, an upper surface 270, and a lower surface 280.
  • Figure 2B illustrates schematically the rotor blade 200 illustrated in Figure 2A from another view direction.
  • a transverse direction of the rotor blade 200 extends between the leading edge 250 and the trailing edge 260.
  • a longitudinal direction of the rotor blade extends between the tip part 210 and a root part 240 of the body part 230.
  • the body part 230 may be attached to rotor hub of the wind turbine from the root part 240 of the body part 230.
  • a vertical direction of the rotor blade 200 extends between the upper surface 270 and the lower surface 280.
  • Figure 3A illustrates schematically one embodiment of the invention, wherein the rotor blade 200 may further comprise one or more partition walls 310, such as shear web, arranged inside the body part 230 in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade 200 between the upper surface 270 and the lower surface 280.
  • the one or more partition walls 310 may extent along the entire length of the rotor blade 200.
  • the one or more partition walls 310 may extent partly the length of the rotor blade 200.
  • the one or more partition walls 310 may increase the vortices inside the rotor blade 200 in order to improve the heat transfer and de-icing and/or anti-icing of the outer surfaces of the body part 230 and the tip part 210.
  • Figure 3B illustrates schematically the rotor blade 200 illustrated in Figure 3A from another view direction.
  • the tip part 210 may further comprise a winglet, i.e. a vertical fin at the tip of the rotor blade 200 that is turned upwards in the vertical direction.
  • the winglet may reduce at least partly the size of the vortices shed by the tip part 210 and thus also the drag of the tip part 210, which in turn may increase the efficiency of the wind turbine.
  • the winglet may reduce at least partly noise of the wind turbine.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, wherein the tip part 210 may further comprise one or more heat conductive plates 410 arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotor blade 200 between the upper surface 270 and the lower surface 280.
  • the one or more heat conductive plates 410 may improve at least partly the heat transfer to the tip part 210.
  • a gap is provided between the tip part 210 and the one or more heat conductive plates 410 in the longitudinal direction in order to enable the circulation of the air.
  • the material of the heat conductive plates 410 may be at least one of the following: aluminum, aircraft aluminum, copper, carbon fiber.
  • the invention relates also to a wind turbine 500 comprising one or more rotor blades 200 described above.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an example of the wind turbine 500 according to the invention.
  • the wind turbine 500 according to the invention is a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT).
  • the wind turbine 500 may further comprise a tower 510 on top of which a housing comprising for example a generator, a rotor shaft, a gearbox, a controller, and brake may be arranged.
  • the wind turbine 500 may comprise a foundation 520 for the tower 510 in order to at least transfer vertical load of the wind turbine 500 to the ground.
  • the wind turbine 500 comprises the rotor hub 530 that may be fixed to the rotor shaft that drives the generator directly or through the gearbox.
  • the gearbox and the generator may be accommodated in a nacelle.
  • the one or more rotor blades 200 may be attached to the rotor hub 530 directly or via a pitch mechanism that may be used for example to adjust the angle of attack of the rotor blades 200 according to wind speed in order to control the rotational speed of the rotor blades 200.
  • the example wind turbine 500 illustrated in Figure 5 comprises three rotor blades 200. However, the number of the rotor blades 200 is not limited to that.
  • the invention relates also to a method for de-icing and/or anti-icing the tip part 210 of the rotor blade 200 for a wind turbine described above.
  • the method comprises providing heat into the hollow tip part 210 of the rotor blade 200 in order to de-ice and/or anti-ice outer surfaces of the tip part 210.
  • the heat may be provided into the tip part 210 by means of the heat providing means as described above.
EP17188227.7A 2017-08-29 2017-08-29 Rotorblatt für eine windturbine, windturbine mit einem oder mehreren rotorblättern und verfahren zur enteisung und/oder zum eisschutz eines spitzenteils des rotorblatts Active EP3450751B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17188227.7A EP3450751B1 (de) 2017-08-29 2017-08-29 Rotorblatt für eine windturbine, windturbine mit einem oder mehreren rotorblättern und verfahren zur enteisung und/oder zum eisschutz eines spitzenteils des rotorblatts

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17188227.7A EP3450751B1 (de) 2017-08-29 2017-08-29 Rotorblatt für eine windturbine, windturbine mit einem oder mehreren rotorblättern und verfahren zur enteisung und/oder zum eisschutz eines spitzenteils des rotorblatts

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3450751A1 true EP3450751A1 (de) 2019-03-06
EP3450751C0 EP3450751C0 (de) 2024-02-21
EP3450751B1 EP3450751B1 (de) 2024-02-21

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EP17188227.7A Active EP3450751B1 (de) 2017-08-29 2017-08-29 Rotorblatt für eine windturbine, windturbine mit einem oder mehreren rotorblättern und verfahren zur enteisung und/oder zum eisschutz eines spitzenteils des rotorblatts

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109899249A (zh) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-18 安徽驭风风电设备有限公司 一种风电叶片除冰装置及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20014238U1 (de) * 2000-08-17 2001-06-07 Wonner Matthias Heizsystem zur Enteisung von Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen
DE102012015353A1 (de) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Rotorblatt und Rotorblattspitze
ES2490467T3 (es) * 2010-06-24 2014-09-03 Senvion Se Deshielo de una pala de rotor
US20160222945A1 (en) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Wind Power Generation Apparatus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017110797A1 (de) * 2017-05-18 2018-11-22 Wobben Properties Gmbh Windenergieanlagen-Rotorblatt

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20014238U1 (de) * 2000-08-17 2001-06-07 Wonner Matthias Heizsystem zur Enteisung von Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen
ES2490467T3 (es) * 2010-06-24 2014-09-03 Senvion Se Deshielo de una pala de rotor
DE102012015353A1 (de) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Rotorblatt und Rotorblattspitze
US20160222945A1 (en) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Wind Power Generation Apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109899249A (zh) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-18 安徽驭风风电设备有限公司 一种风电叶片除冰装置及方法
CN109899249B (zh) * 2019-03-28 2023-04-28 安徽驭风风电设备有限公司 一种风电叶片除冰装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3450751C0 (de) 2024-02-21
EP3450751B1 (de) 2024-02-21

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