EP3449243A1 - Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung zur ortsauflösenden vermessung von änderungen der dichte in 3-dimensionalen dielektrischen objekten - Google Patents
Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung zur ortsauflösenden vermessung von änderungen der dichte in 3-dimensionalen dielektrischen objektenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3449243A1 EP3449243A1 EP17721997.9A EP17721997A EP3449243A1 EP 3449243 A1 EP3449243 A1 EP 3449243A1 EP 17721997 A EP17721997 A EP 17721997A EP 3449243 A1 EP3449243 A1 EP 3449243A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- receiving
- modules
- transmitting
- transmission
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
Definitions
- An imaging device for spatially resolving changes in density in 3-dimensional dielectric objects
- the invention relates to an image-generating device for the spatially-resolving measurement of changes in density in 3-dimensional dielectric objects, such as plastics, foods, organisms, etc., according to the features of claim 1 and a method according to the features of claim 11.
- the image generating device comprises a transmission / reception array, on which at least one transmission module, in the microwave and / or
- Millimeter wave range preferably in a frequency range of 1 to 300 GHz, as well as a plurality of receiving modules, which receive in the microwave and / or millimeter-wave range, preferably in a frequency range of 1 to 300 GHz, are arranged in a fixed relative positioning to each other.
- the mentioned method uses such a transmission / reception array.
- the present invention has the object to provide an image generating device for spatially resolving measurement of changes in density in 3-dimensional dielectric objects and a corresponding method that manages without the disadvantages described above in a measurement with X-rays.
- a key consideration of the present invention is that there is further provided a drive device which can individually address the at least one transmission module and the plurality of reception modules, wherein the transmission module is actuated by the control device for transmitting a
- Short-term pulse is driven with a high spectral component
- Short-time pulse with a high spectral content penetrates into the dielectric body and reflected in its interior at locations of different density or
- the receiving modules for detecting the reflected and / or broken signals are formed and phase, magnitude and / or specific frequency components of the reflected signal respectively at the
- Receiving module associated location relative to the transmit module detect as receive data and wherein a computer unit is provided which calculates an image of the 3-dimensional dielectric object to be measured from the received received data of the plurality of receiving modules.
- a short-time pulse with a high spectral component is produced with the proposed image-forming device or the proposed method
- the information about the location can be determined by the fact that the broken or
- Body scanners are already known, which are capable of line by line z. B. to scan a human body, then from the radar echoes an image of under clothing
- the transmission / reception array with at least one transmission module and a plurality of reception modules is comparable with a compound eye insofar as at different fixed
- a plurality of transmission modules in fixed positioning relative to one another are provided on the transmission / reception array, which can each be individually controlled by the control device.
- a reflected or refracted signal can not only be received at different positions, but short-term pulses can also be sent from different positions to the object to be measured. In this way, the quality of the spatially resolving measurement can be increased even more, in particular if short-term pulses are sent from different transmission positions.
- the drive device communicate with the one or more transmit modules and the receive modules via BUS technology.
- BUS technology communicates with the one or more transmit modules and the receive modules via BUS technology.
- a current configuration of active transmission and reception modules can be freely selected by the control device from the plurality of transmission modules and the plurality of reception modules.
- several different configurations can also be selected in temporal sequence relative to one another.
- a synchronous time generating device is provided with the Control device and the at least one transmission module and the
- Plurality of receiving modules is in operative connection.
- Location information about density changes in the 3-dimensional dielectric object can preferably be calculated by methods of trigonometry from signal propagation times of broken or reflected signals. This allows a quick determination of position information, which can then be used to calculate the 3-dimensional image.
- a transmit module and a receive module are combined to form a common transmit / receive module on the transmit / receive array.
- the common transmission / reception units each have their own transmission electronics and / or their own reception electronics.
- the transceiver unit comprises a chip on which at least parts of the aforementioned electronic units can be implemented.
- the transmit / receive array preferably comprises a plurality of transmit / receive units in a row in close proximity to one another, preferably at least one extension, one row, more preferably three rows, even more preferably five rows, even more preferably seven rows, preferably at least ten rows are arranged adjacent to one another and more preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, more preferably at least seven, more preferably
- the transmission / reception array is modeled on a compound eye insofar as a plurality of transmission modules and
- Receiving modules are arranged close together next to each other.
- the short-term pulses sent from the transmitter modules are not longer than 1 ns (nanoseconds), preferably not longer than 100 ps (picoseconds), more preferably not longer than 20 ps
- a reception time window can be specified, within which the reception modules detect radiation.
- the method according to the invention can provide that the receiving modules have specific frequency components of the reflected or refracted signal
- the receiving modules preferably detect specific frequency components of the reflected or refracted signal. This allows the desired image information to be calculated more precisely.
- Control device the at least one transmission module and the
- Receive modules synchronized via a synchronous time generating device together. Since signal delays are crucial for spatial resolution in the present method, a common time reference is critically important. Preferably, this is done via a synchronous time generating device, which performs a common synchronization of the driving device, transmitting module and receiving modules.
- Receive signals or receive data to be able to communicate between control device and transmitter modules or receiver modules is preferably used for this communication BUS technology.
- Fig. La is a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement for the
- Fig. Lb is a schematic representation of a measuring arrangement for the
- FIG. 2a is a schematic front view of a transmitting / receiving array according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 2b shows a schematic front view of a transmission / reception array according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention
- 3a shows a perspective view of a transmitting / receiving unit according to an embodiment of the invention
- 3b shows a section of the transmitting / Empfangsbauaji according to a
- FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the measuring arrangement according to a
- FIG. 5 shows a section of a sensor with the transmission / reception array according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a configuration of active transmitting and receiving modules of the transmitting / receiving array.
- Fig. La shows the basic arrangement of an X-ray measurement
- X-radiation is detected after transmission through a measurement object 102 on a photographic plate or sensor 103. Density changes are reflected in a change in transmission.
- Fig. Lb shows schematically the measuring arrangement for the
- Fig. 2a shows a front view of a transmitting / receiving array 11 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the transmission / reception array 11 has a planar arrangement of a plurality of transmission modules 12, 18, 19 and
- the transmitting and receiving modules are each provided in pairs on three hexagonal units, the fixed
- each hexagon on the transmitting / receiving array 11 a transmitting module 12 and a receiving module are arranged. Each hexagon thus forms a transmission / reception unit 21.
- 2b shows a front view of a transmitting / receiving array 11 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- a total of seven transmitting / Empfangsbautechniken 21 are provided which are arranged on a hexagonal grid similar to a compound eye and in turn have fixed positions of all elements to each other.
- FIG. 3a shows a perspective view of such a transmission / reception unit 21.
- the transmission module 12 and the reception module 13 have antenna elements which are formed as circular waveguides 27 in the form of metallic tubes.
- the circular waveguides 27 are mounted on a base module 25 which is formed by a hexagonal board.
- FIG. 3b shows a section of the transmission / reception unit 21.
- the end surfaces on the base module 25 are metallically coated, so that the circular waveguide 27 together with the base module 25 form a waveguide closed on one side.
- Both circular waveguide 27 have in their interior a (not shown) Mikrowellendegree. Millimeter-wave radiator that emits or absorbs the corresponding radiation.
- the circular waveguide 27 cause a directivity of the transmitting and receiving modules perpendicular to the array plane.
- Round waveguide 27 adjacent transmitting and receiving elements shielded from each other.
- the maximum possible transmission power is limited by cross-coupling between adjacent transmitting and receiving modules, which is why these overcouplings must be limited as much as possible. Due to the shielding effect of the circular waveguide 27, the distances between transmitting and receiving modules, and thus the transmitting / receiving array 11, can be kept small.
- the transmitting and receiving electronics 22, 23 for the transmitting and receiving modules 12, 13 housed.
- this also includes the
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of the measuring arrangement according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- a plurality of transmitting / receiving modules 21, which form the transmission / reception array 11, are provided with a
- Circuit board 28 connected to the electronics for the generation of microwave signals and amplification and evaluation of the received signals
- control board 29 on which there are a drive device 16 and a synchronous time generation device 20, whose operation is explained below.
- the control board 29 is connected to a computing unit 17, on which further processing of the signal data is possible.
- FIG. 5 shows a section of a sensor comprising the transmitting / receiving array 11.
- the sensor has a circular front with a tapered housing that terminates in a shaft.
- a cover 30 covers the
- the cover 30 is made of a plastic that is transparent to the microwaves used, for example, 1.5 mm thick TEFLON (or ceramic or other material).
- the transmitting / receiving array 11 Under the cover 30 is the transmitting / receiving array 11.
- the circular waveguide 27 of the transmitting and receiving modules can be seen, as well as the two-layer structure of the transmitting / Empfangsbautechniken 21st
- the circular disk-shaped printed circuit board 28 which is connected to the transmitting / receiving array 11. This includes microwave mixing stages, amplifiers and phase detectors, which are needed to generate the microwave signals for the transmitter modules and to amplify and further evaluate the received signals.
- control board 29 In the shaft of the sensor is the control board 29, with the
- the driving device 16 controls the imaging process.
- Drive device 16 can individually control each transmitter module 12, 18, 19 and each receiver module 13, 14, 15. The communication between the components takes place via a serial data bus.
- this is the PC data bus (Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus).
- the control device 16 which controls the coordinated control of the components involved in the imaging process, acts as the master.
- the synchronous time generating device 20 is connected to the driving device 16 and the individual modules of the transmitting / receiving array 11.
- the driving device 16 and the transmitting and receiving modules are clocked and synchronized via the synchronous timing generating device 20.
- the synchronous time generator 20 generates a system clock to enable exact phase measurement in microwave bands and accurate synchronization of all components.
- the synchronous time generating device 20 is a high-quartz crystal
- Fig. 6 schematically shows a measurement configuration of the transmission / reception array 11 for detecting an image.
- four transceiver units are activated.
- the uppermost transmitting / receiving unit 21a is set in this configuration as a transmitting unit.
- the associated transmission module 12a is driven by the drive device 16 to emit short microwave pulses.
- the associated receiving module 13a is also activated.
- the remaining three active transmission / reception units 21b are set as receivers, so here only the reception modules are activated.
- the transmission module 12a transmits a microwave pulse in the microwave and / or millimeter-wave range, preferably in the range from 1 to 300 GHz, with a duration in the picosecond range, which thus has a correspondingly high spectral width.
- the microwave pulse penetrates into a dielectric body to be examined and becomes at interfaces between areas
- the reflected radiation is detected by the active receiving modules.
- the detection is not continuous, but the receiving modules are activated only in a defined time window. Due to the specified time interval between transmission of the microwave pulse and the detection time window, only signals with a specific transit time are detected.
- the system clock predetermined by the synchronous time generating device 20, a high accuracy of this transit time measurement is ensured.
- the signal transit time is converted into a signal run distance. Since the mutual position of the transmitting and receiving modules on the transmitting / receiving array 11 are known, location information about the density distributions in the examined body can thus be obtained.
- the detected radiation is
- the preprocessing of the received data in the sensor simplifies the final image calculation in the arithmetic unit.
- substance-specific frequency-dependent parameters such as the permittivity / dielectric function, refractive index or absorption are used to determine a precise spatially resolved density distribution.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016108022.5A DE102016108022A1 (de) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung zur ortsauflösenden Vermessung von Änderungen der Dichte in 3-dimensionalen dielektrischen Objekten |
PCT/EP2017/060271 WO2017186947A1 (de) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-04-28 | Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung zur ortsauflösenden vermessung von änderungen der dichte in 3-dimensionalen dielektrischen objekten |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3449243A1 true EP3449243A1 (de) | 2019-03-06 |
Family
ID=58672580
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17721997.9A Withdrawn EP3449243A1 (de) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-04-28 | Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung zur ortsauflösenden vermessung von änderungen der dichte in 3-dimensionalen dielektrischen objekten |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3449243A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016108022A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017186947A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6005916A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1999-12-21 | Techniscan, Inc. | Apparatus and method for imaging with wavefields using inverse scattering techniques |
US6026173A (en) * | 1997-07-05 | 2000-02-15 | Svenson; Robert H. | Electromagnetic imaging and therapeutic (EMIT) systems |
US6218979B1 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2001-04-17 | Time Domain Corporation | Wide area time domain radar array |
SE517701C2 (sv) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-07-02 | October Biometrics Ab | Anordning, metod och system för att mäta distrubution av valda egenskaper i ett material |
US6480141B1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-11-12 | Sandia Corporation | Detection of contraband using microwave radiation |
US7239731B1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2007-07-03 | Emimaging Ltd | System and method for non-destructive functional imaging and mapping of electrical excitation of biological tissues using electromagnetic field tomography and spectroscopy |
US7183963B2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-02-27 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | System and method for inspecting transportable items using microwave imaging |
US7671784B2 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2010-03-02 | L-3 Communications Cyterra Corporation | Computerized tomography using radar |
DE102009007255A1 (de) * | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-03 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Brustkrebserkennung mit Fixierungstrichter |
US9297770B2 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2016-03-29 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for non-destructively measuring calorie contents of food items |
GB201115419D0 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2011-10-19 | Univ Leuven Kath | Non-invasive in-situ radiation dosimetry |
US20160198975A1 (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2016-07-14 | David Rhys Gibbins | System and method for analysing data from a microwave inverse scattering apparatus |
-
2016
- 2016-04-29 DE DE102016108022.5A patent/DE102016108022A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-04-28 WO PCT/EP2017/060271 patent/WO2017186947A1/de active Application Filing
- 2017-04-28 EP EP17721997.9A patent/EP3449243A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017186947A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 |
DE102016108022A1 (de) | 2017-11-02 |
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