EP3446092A1 - System for continuously monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure - Google Patents

System for continuously monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure

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Publication number
EP3446092A1
EP3446092A1 EP17727378.6A EP17727378A EP3446092A1 EP 3446092 A1 EP3446092 A1 EP 3446092A1 EP 17727378 A EP17727378 A EP 17727378A EP 3446092 A1 EP3446092 A1 EP 3446092A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
infrastructure
sensor devices
data processing
processing means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17727378.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Cristian FRACASSI
Mauro TORQUATI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dft Electronics Srl
Original Assignee
Dft Electronics Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dft Electronics Srl filed Critical Dft Electronics Srl
Publication of EP3446092A1 publication Critical patent/EP3446092A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0066—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by exciting or detecting vibration or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally applicable in the technical field of detection and monitoring systems, and particularly relates to a system for monitoring the integrity of a civil or industrial structure or infrastructure.
  • the invention also relates to a kit, a method, and a computer program for performing the above-mentioned monitoring.
  • An object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the above- mentioned drawbacks by providing a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure having features of high functionality and low cost.
  • Another object is to provide a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure particularly simple and fast to install.
  • Another object is to provide a particularly reliable system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure.
  • Another object is to provide a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure that allows the occupants of the structure to be notified before a catastrophic event occurs.
  • Another object is to provide a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure that allows to estimate in a very short time and in a certain way the damage of a structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the system l;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a box-like container 100
  • FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of the system 1.
  • a system 1 for continuously monitoring the integrity of a civil or industrial structure or infrastructure such as a building, a group of buildings, a bridge, a road, a shed, a industrial machinery or similar structure or infrastructure is described.
  • the system 1 may usually comprise a plurality of sensor devices 10, data processing means 20 operatively connected to one or more sensor devices 10 and alarm means 30 operatively connected with the data processing means 20 to activate in response to the reception of at least one alarm signal 21 from the latter.
  • every single structure having installed the device may be daily and real-time monitored.
  • the level of comfort, structural or non-structural damage and the long-term damage may be monitored for each structure.
  • the comfort level may be detected by monitoring the excess of comfort thresholds related to the structure vibrations, for example due to the passing of subway or train or to the neighboring structure demolishing. All the annoying vibrations beyond legal norms which do not damage the structure but may reduce the living comfort or may create health problems (e.g. vibrations in the workplace) may be detected.
  • the non-structural elements damage may relate floor damage, plaster cracking in non-load-bearing walls, tile damage or similar non-structural damage.
  • Structural damage may relate the loss of structural strength, for example due to structural failure, explosion in the surrounding area, earthquake, wall demolition or similar structural damage.
  • Long-term damage may relate small daily or monthly variations, which add up over time, so as in the long-term the latter lead to a significant strength and stiffness decline.
  • the small daily or monthly variations may also be only due to the materials aging/wear.
  • the alarm means 30 may send alarms of various types, such as acoustic or visual alarms to the occupants of the structure and/or mail, message and/or call to the rescue staff responsible for the detected problem.
  • the daily and in real time monitoring of whole territories may further be possible. This allows in case of accidental events such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, or similar events to detect in a very short time the most damaged structures and to list the structures according to the damage size or strategic importance, so as to direct in real time in the most critical area the few rescue operators.
  • the farthest structures from the epicenter may further be alarmed before the wave arrives.
  • the sensor devices 10 may be installed on the structure or infrastructure S at different points thereof.
  • sensor devices 10 may be installed in the center of mass or center of stiffness of each floor on the edges of a building.
  • one sensor devices 10 may be installed at the ground level G on which the structure lies and at least one sensor devices 10 may be installed on each storey, preferably in the correspondence of the floor P thereof.
  • the system 1 may include at least two sensor devices 10 at different heights of the structure or infrastructure S.
  • a sensor device 10 may be placed at the level of the ground G where the structure or infrastructure S lies, and another sensor device 10 may be placed at the highest point thereof.
  • Each sensor device 10 may detect at a predetermined frequency, for example 1 Hz (i.e. 1 data/sec) to 500 Hz (500 data/sec), at least one value of at least one parameter related to the vibration of the structure or infrastructure S in a predetermined point thereof.
  • a predetermined frequency for example 1 Hz (i.e. 1 data/sec) to 500 Hz (500 data/sec)
  • 500 Hz 500 data/sec
  • each of the sensor devices 10 may include an accelerometer 11 so as to detect with the above frequency the local acceleration.
  • the accelerometer 11 may be of MEMS type in order to reduce the costs of the sensor device 10,.
  • one or more of the sensor devices 10 may also include an inclinometer 12 so as to detect the local inclination.
  • one or more of the sensor devices 10 may further include at least one oscillometer and/or at least one velocimeter.
  • one or more of the sensor devices 10 may further include at least one temperature and/or humidity sensor 13 to detect a corresponding at least one local temperature and/or humidity value.
  • the temperature and humidity indeed may vary the instrumentation detecting by a few percentage points as known.
  • the data processing means 20 may be configured to process the local acceleration and/or inclination values detected by the sensor devices 10 based on the above local temperature and/or humidity values.
  • the data processing means 20 may be configured to compare the local acceleration and/or inclination values detected by one or more of the sensor devices 10 or one or more calculated values therefrom with at least one first predetermined or calculable threshold value, and to send an alarm signal to the alarm means 30 in case such values are greater or lower than such first threshold value.
  • the values obtained by the sensor means 10 may be suitably processed to obtain the magnitudes that need to define the comfort level, the nonstructural elements damage, the structural elements damage and the long-term damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure.
  • data processing means 20 may act on the local acceleration values detected by the oscillometers of the one or more sensor devices 10.
  • the detected values may be filtered to eliminate background noise.
  • the data processing means 20 may include filtering means 25 such as passband filters, high-pass and low-pass filters, mobile average filters, variable band filters, kalman type filters or similar types.
  • the data processing means 20 may process the same data to obtain the magnitudes that need to define the comfort level, the non-structural elements damage, the structural elements damage and the long-term damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure.
  • data processing means 20 starting from the local acceleration values filtered by the above-mentioned filtering operations may calculate the speeds and the local displacements. This operation may be done in a per se known way by integrating the local acceleration values. As is well known, the acceleration integral corresponds to the speed, while the speed integral corresponds to the distance.
  • Newmark integration method may be used. This method is based on the differential equations below that allow to calculate the velocity and the distance at the end of the integration step by adding an integral expression to the initial values.
  • This method may use the formula:
  • formula (1) calculates the velocity at instant i+1
  • formula (2) calculates the distance at instant i+1.
  • the data processing means 20 may automatically perform a check of exceeding predetermined thresholds, activating the alarm means 30 once necessary.
  • the data processing means 20 may performed a first check 22' to evaluate the comfort and/or non-structural damage of the structure or infrastructure.
  • the parameters of interest mainly relate accelerations and speeds.
  • the data processing means 20 may calculate starting from the suitably filtered local acceleration values detected by the sensors devices 10, the weighted RMS occelerotion, the peak particle velocity (p.p.v.) and/or the peak component particle velocity (p.c.p.v.).
  • the Weighted RMS Acceleration (ISO 2631) is the weighted acceleration on a predetermined frequencies band.
  • the Weighted RMS Acceleration of the vibration related to the translation is expressed in m/s 2 and of the vibration related to the rotation is expressed in rad/s 2 .
  • the Weighted RMS Acceleration must be calculated in the domain of time according to the following expression or if in the frequency domain according to an equivalent expres
  • aw is the weighted sms acceleration (translation or rotation) calculated in function of the time, while T is the duration in seconds of the measurement.
  • the peak particle velocity or punctual peak speed (p.p.v., UNI 9916) is defined as the maximum value of the magnitude of the vector measured at a predetermined point, or obtained by integration.
  • the determination of the punctual peak speed (p.p.v.) requires the simultaneous measurement of the reciprocally perpendicular components of the velocity in the point considered (usually two horizontal components and the vertical component). The three components must be vettorially combined to minute by minute determine the velocity magnitude of the bound vector, which must be compared with the reference threshold speed value established by the standard.
  • the peak component particle velocity (p.c.p.v., UNI 9916) is defined as the maximum value of the magnitude of one of the three orthogonal components simultaneously measured in a point or obtained by integration.
  • the value of the thresholds may be changed according to the different national or international standards, such as standard BS 6472-1992, standard DOT- 293630-1 or standard FT A.
  • the data processing means 20 may perform a further check 22" which may relate to evaluate the structural damage of the structure or infrastructure S.
  • the data processing means 20 may be configured to calculate the accelerograms, the peak ground acceleration (p.g.a.), the maximum top acceleration, the storey drift and/or the dynamic characteristics of the structure or infrastructure S, i.e. the characteristics that allow to describe the dynamic performance of a given structure.
  • the characteristics are the main vibration frequencies, the mode shape and/or the damping.
  • the accelerogram (UN I EN 1998-1) is the "history" of the accelerations that the monitored object undergoes in the area where it connects to the transmission medium of the waves (for example, corresponds to the ground level of a building).
  • the accelerogram is defined as an alternative representation of the seismic action : the seismic motion may further be represented in terms of ground acceleration in function of the time and in function of other quantities related to the ground acceleration (speed and distance).
  • the maximum top acceleration is the maximum acceleration detected by the sensor device 10 placed in the highest position of the structure S.
  • the storey drift (or drift or dr, UN I EN 1998-1) is the relative horizontal displacement between one storey and the next, the relative horizontal displacement is obtained by integration from the detected local accelerations.
  • the drift is the relative movement between the storeys, as the difference of the average lateral displacements at the top and at the base of the considered storey.
  • the drift is given by this value divided by the height of the considered storey.
  • Mode shape is the shape that the structure has when it is subject to external dynamic forces, that is when the structure vibrates.
  • Damping is a parameter that represents how long the system needs to "brake” the vibrations.
  • the main vibration frequencies are the frequencies that excite the structure mass and send it in resonance, the main vibration frequencies are able to describe how the building vibrates, and depend by the system rigidity. In case of damage, the stiffness decreases, translating into a vibration frequencies variation that allow to determine the damage.
  • a further check 22" may be performed by the data processing means 20 which may be used to evaluate the long-term structural damage (or aging) of the structure or infrastructure S.
  • the dynamic characteristic of the structure or infrastructure S i.e. the above mentioned main vibration frequencies, mode shape and damping may be calculated in a known way.
  • a further check 23 may be performed by the data processing means 20, the check 23 may relate to the inclination.
  • the data detected by the inclinometer 12 may be simply compared with one or more predetermined threshold values.
  • inclination threshold is known from the standard UNI EN 1997-1, wherein the threshold value (said tilt) is the inclination so that a building rigidly rotates and reaches a limit angular deformation, i.e. a rigid rotation of the structure that may compromise the functionality or lead to be condemned.
  • This check is particularly useful in the case of ground collapse or in the case of the inclinations of the structure or infrastructure without structural damage.
  • the data processing means 20 verify that one or more thresholds are exceeded, the data processing means 20 send an alarm signal to the alarm means 30, the latter being activated.
  • FIG. 3 schematise the system 1 operation.
  • the input data to the data processing means 20 may be acceleration (appropriately filtered), inclination, temperature and humidity data detected by sensor means 10, and more specifically by the accelerometers 11, by the one or more inclinometers 12 and by the one or more temperature sensors 13.
  • the data processing means 20 may extract from data storage means 40 the data of interest contained therein (data "history”).
  • each parameter may be compared with the predetermined or calculated threshold values. For each check, if the check is positive the data processing means 20 sends a signal 21 to the alarm means 30 and the data is stored in the storage means 40, while if the check is negative the data processing means 20 done a further check on the historical data to verify if the data (or one or more parameters) is different from the preceding one, in the last case, the data is stored in the data storage 40. Thus a data history is created which may be particularly useful to reconstruct the "history" of the structure or infrastructure S.
  • the data processing means may be configured to periodically save (for example, once a day or once a week) the data even if the latter is equal to the preceding one.
  • sampling frequency may be for example 300Hz (i.e. 300 data/sec), but the sampling frequency may be automatically decreased when the monitoring does not require such a high frequency.
  • a data may be anyway stored at predetermined time intervals, so as to represents the integrity of the structure at that precise instant (e.g. once a day or once a week).
  • the system 1 may include data storage means 40 operatively connected with the data processing means 20 and/or one or more of the sensor devices 10.
  • the storage means 40 may store as above mentioned one or more detected local acceleration values and/or at least one value calculated starting therefrom and/or one or more detected local inclination values and/or at least one calculated value starting therefrom in case the value is greater than a predetermined or calculable trigger value, for example corresponding with the threshold values above mentioned or calculated therefrom.
  • the storage means 40 may store one or more of the above mentioned data at predetermined time intervals, regardless if they exceed the trigger value.
  • storage means 40 may include a temporary memory buffer 41 and a permanent memory unit 42.
  • the temporary storage buffer 41 may be operably connected with one or more of the sensor devices 10 to store a data string consisting of a predetermined number of acceleration values and/or of detected local inclination values.
  • the data processing means 20 may in turn be operatively connected to the temporary storage buffer 41 to delete the less recent data of the data string and to add the detected local acceleration and/or inclination value to the data string.
  • the temporary storage buffer 41 contains a data string corresponding to a predetermined detection period, for example the last 30 or 60 seconds from the sampling instant.
  • permanent memory unit 42 may be operably connected with the temporary storage buffer and with data processing means 20 for storing the string data in case the value detected by one or more of the sensor devices 10 is greater than the trigger value and for the continuing storing of the detected values for a predetermined time.
  • Sensor devices 10 may be electrically supplied, preferably by a connecting cable 50 to a domestic or industrial electrical network.
  • each sensor device 10 may be provided with a buffer battery 51 configured to continuously supply the sensor device 10 for at least three days, preferably for at least a week. In this way, the monitoring of the data may be possible even in case of disastrous events.
  • the power supply means that supply the sensor devices 10 may supply all the other parts of the system 1 or one or more of them may be supplied independently.
  • the system 1 may include data transmission means 60 to send the values detected by the sensor devices 10 and the data calculated therefrom by the data processing means 20 to a remote receiving unit, the latter being not shown in the figures as known.
  • the data transmission means 60 may send data by WI-FI, by GSM network or by BLUETOOTH or LORA network.
  • the sensor devices 10 may be synchronized each other, so as to be sure that data is detected without a time lag.
  • the latter geolocalizes the sensors both on a map and in height above the ground.
  • the technician calibrates the sensor devices 10 by connecting one or more thereof to a force-balanced or piezo-electric accelerometer (highly performing) to measure and to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the structure or infrastructure.
  • a force-balanced or piezo-electric accelerometer highly performing
  • the sensor devices 10, possibly the alarm means 30 and at least partially the data processing means 20, may be contained in one or more box-like containers 100.
  • each of the latter may contain at least one sensor device 10, while one or more thereof may contain the alarm means 30 and/or at least partially the data processing means 20.
  • only one box-like container 100 may include the data processing means 20, while all the box-like containers 100 may contain the sensor devices 10 and the alarm means 30.
  • box-like containers 100 may include data storage means 40.
  • the box-like container master may include the data transmission means 60 and/or the storage means 40, while the slave may be operatively connected to the master to transmit the data detected to the latter.
  • the master box-like container may include, for example, data processing means 20, so as to process the data detected by all sensor devices 10.
  • the system may comprise a plurality of "black boxes" 100 for monitoring the structural integrity of the structure S.
  • a container 100 may contain sensor devices 10, data processing means 20, alarm means 30, data storage means 40 and data transmission means 60 and buffer battery 51.
  • box-like containers 100 may also include in/out ports, for example for connecting PC/portable and/or for connecting control, verification and testing or firmware upgrades instrumentation.
  • Ports may further be useful for connecting the highly performing external accelerometer to the calibration.
  • the USB port may further be useful for retrieving memory (may be flash/micro usb card).
  • Box-like containers 100 may include physical buttons and warning light, such as a reset key, a on/off button, a key to perform basic functions (for example, automatic device calibration, system diagnosis, other queries) a series of indicators to signal malfunctions or danger.
  • a reset key such as a reset key, a on/off button, a key to perform basic functions (for example, automatic device calibration, system diagnosis, other queries) a series of indicators to signal malfunctions or danger.
  • Box-like containers 100 may include a cover (possibly waterproof) with a unique identifier, a below number, or a glued/printed RFID so as to uniquely associate a specific container or containers with a single operator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure, such as a building, a group of buildings, a bridge, a road, or a similar structure or infrastructure, comprising: sensor means operatively connected with the structure or infrastructure to detect at intervals of at least one value of at least one parameter related to the structure or infrastructure vibration; and data processing means operatively connected to the sensor means configured to compare at least one value detected by the sensor means or a value calculated by at least one other comparable value therewith in order to calculate a check value. The data processing means are configured to generate an alarm signal in case the check value is greater than or lower than at least one pre-determined or calculable threshold check value.

Description

SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUSLY MONITORING THE INTEGRITY OF A STRUCTURE OR INFRASTRUCTURE
DESCRIPTION
Field of invention
The present invention is generally applicable in the technical field of detection and monitoring systems, and particularly relates to a system for monitoring the integrity of a civil or industrial structure or infrastructure.
The invention also relates to a kit, a method, and a computer program for performing the above-mentioned monitoring.
Field of invention
As known, in case of catastrophic events such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, or similar events, there are considerable damages to the civil or industrial structures or infrastructures.
To date, the damage assessment is done by locally-based operators who assess damages on the basis of experience.
It is obvious that this methodology is quite approximate and leads to errors in terms of damage assessment.
More generally, the damage assessment of a structure or infrastructure of any kind type is carried out with experience-based methods, with all the consequence of the case.
Presentazione deN'invenzione
An object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the above- mentioned drawbacks by providing a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure having features of high functionality and low cost.
Another object is to provide a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure particularly simple and fast to install.
Another object is to provide a particularly reliable system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure.
Another object is to provide a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure that allows the occupants of the structure to be notified before a catastrophic event occurs.
Another object is to provide a system for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure that allows to estimate in a very short time and in a certain way the damage of a structure.
Such objects, as well as others that will appear more clearly hereinafter, are fulfilled by a system and/or a kit and/or a method and/or a computer program for monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure according to what is herein described and/or claimed and/or shown.
Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined according to the dependent claims.
Brief description of the drawings
Further features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the invention, shown as non-limiting example with the help of the annexed figures, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the system l;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a box-like container 100;
FIG. 3 is a functional diagram of the system 1.
Detailed description of a preferred embodiment
Referring to the above figures, a system 1 for continuously monitoring the integrity of a civil or industrial structure or infrastructure such as a building, a group of buildings, a bridge, a road, a shed, a industrial machinery or similar structure or infrastructure is described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the system 1 may usually comprise a plurality of sensor devices 10, data processing means 20 operatively connected to one or more sensor devices 10 and alarm means 30 operatively connected with the data processing means 20 to activate in response to the reception of at least one alarm signal 21 from the latter.
Thanks to system 1, every single structure having installed the device may be daily and real-time monitored. Particularly, the level of comfort, structural or non-structural damage and the long-term damage may be monitored for each structure.
The comfort level may be detected by monitoring the excess of comfort thresholds related to the structure vibrations, for example due to the passing of subway or train or to the neighboring structure demolishing. All the annoying vibrations beyond legal norms which do not damage the structure but may reduce the living comfort or may create health problems (e.g. vibrations in the workplace) may be detected.
For example, the non-structural elements damage may relate floor damage, plaster cracking in non-load-bearing walls, tile damage or similar non-structural damage.
Structural damage may relate the loss of structural strength, for example due to structural failure, explosion in the surrounding area, earthquake, wall demolition or similar structural damage.
Long-term damage may relate small daily or monthly variations, which add up over time, so as in the long-term the latter lead to a significant strength and stiffness decline. The small daily or monthly variations may also be only due to the materials aging/wear.
Thus, if predetermined thresholds (from legal regulations or scientific studies or other) are exceed, the alarm means 30 may send alarms of various types, such as acoustic or visual alarms to the occupants of the structure and/or mail, message and/or call to the rescue staff responsible for the detected problem.
Thanks to the system 1, the daily and in real time monitoring of whole territories may further be possible. This allows in case of accidental events such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, or similar events to detect in a very short time the most damaged structures and to list the structures according to the damage size or strategic importance, so as to direct in real time in the most critical area the few rescue operators.
In the case of an earthquake, the farthest structures from the epicenter may further be alarmed before the wave arrives.
To this aim, the sensor devices 10 may be installed on the structure or infrastructure S at different points thereof. For example, sensor devices 10 may be installed in the center of mass or center of stiffness of each floor on the edges of a building.
For example, in case of installation on a multi-storey building, one sensor devices 10 may be installed at the ground level G on which the structure lies and at least one sensor devices 10 may be installed on each storey, preferably in the correspondence of the floor P thereof.
More generally, the system 1 may include at least two sensor devices 10 at different heights of the structure or infrastructure S. Preferably, a sensor device 10 may be placed at the level of the ground G where the structure or infrastructure S lies, and another sensor device 10 may be placed at the highest point thereof.
Each sensor device 10 may detect at a predetermined frequency, for example 1 Hz (i.e. 1 data/sec) to 500 Hz (500 data/sec), at least one value of at least one parameter related to the vibration of the structure or infrastructure S in a predetermined point thereof.
Suitably, each of the sensor devices 10 may include an accelerometer 11 so as to detect with the above frequency the local acceleration. The accelerometer 11 may be of MEMS type in order to reduce the costs of the sensor device 10,.
Moreover, in a preferred but non-exclusive embodiment of the invention one or more of the sensor devices 10 may also include an inclinometer 12 so as to detect the local inclination.
Advantageously, one or more of the sensor devices 10 may further include at least one oscillometer and/or at least one velocimeter.
Preferably, one or more of the sensor devices 10 may further include at least one temperature and/or humidity sensor 13 to detect a corresponding at least one local temperature and/or humidity value. The temperature and humidity indeed may vary the instrumentation detecting by a few percentage points as known.
Therefore, the data processing means 20 may be configured to process the local acceleration and/or inclination values detected by the sensor devices 10 based on the above local temperature and/or humidity values.
More generally, the data processing means 20 may be configured to compare the local acceleration and/or inclination values detected by one or more of the sensor devices 10 or one or more calculated values therefrom with at least one first predetermined or calculable threshold value, and to send an alarm signal to the alarm means 30 in case such values are greater or lower than such first threshold value.
More specifically, the values obtained by the sensor means 10 may be suitably processed to obtain the magnitudes that need to define the comfort level, the nonstructural elements damage, the structural elements damage and the long-term damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure.
In particular, data processing means 20 may act on the local acceleration values detected by the oscillometers of the one or more sensor devices 10. Suitably, the detected values may be filtered to eliminate background noise. To this aim, the data processing means 20 may include filtering means 25 such as passband filters, high-pass and low-pass filters, mobile average filters, variable band filters, kalman type filters or similar types.
Once the values are filtered, the data processing means 20 may process the same data to obtain the magnitudes that need to define the comfort level, the non-structural elements damage, the structural elements damage and the long-term damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure.
Usually, data processing means 20 starting from the local acceleration values filtered by the above-mentioned filtering operations may calculate the speeds and the local displacements. This operation may be done in a per se known way by integrating the local acceleration values. As is well known, the acceleration integral corresponds to the speed, while the speed integral corresponds to the distance.
For example the Newmark integration method may be used. This method is based on the differential equations below that allow to calculate the velocity and the distance at the end of the integration step by adding an integral expression to the initial values.
This method may use the formula:
Particularly, the above formula (1) calculates the velocity at instant i+1, while formula (2) calculates the distance at instant i+1.
Once the data is processed and the above quantities are obtained, the data processing means 20 may automatically perform a check of exceeding predetermined thresholds, activating the alarm means 30 once necessary.
For example, the data processing means 20 may performed a first check 22' to evaluate the comfort and/or non-structural damage of the structure or infrastructure.
In this case, the parameters of interest mainly relate accelerations and speeds.
The data processing means 20 may calculate starting from the suitably filtered local acceleration values detected by the sensors devices 10, the weighted RMS occelerotion, the peak particle velocity (p.p.v.) and/or the peak component particle velocity (p.c.p.v.).
The Weighted RMS Acceleration (ISO 2631) is the weighted acceleration on a predetermined frequencies band.
According to ISO 2631, the Weighted RMS Acceleration of the vibration related to the translation is expressed in m/s2 and of the vibration related to the rotation is expressed in rad/s2. The Weighted RMS Acceleration must be calculated in the domain of time according to the following expression or if in the frequency domain according to an equivalent expres
Wherein aw is the weighted sms acceleration (translation or rotation) calculated in function of the time, while T is the duration in seconds of the measurement.
According with the standard UNI 9916, the peak particle velocity or punctual peak speed (p.p.v., UNI 9916) is defined as the maximum value of the magnitude of the vector measured at a predetermined point, or obtained by integration. The determination of the punctual peak speed (p.p.v.) requires the simultaneous measurement of the reciprocally perpendicular components of the velocity in the point considered (usually two horizontal components and the vertical component). The three components must be vettorially combined to minute by minute determine the velocity magnitude of the bound vector, which must be compared with the reference threshold speed value established by the standard.
The peak component particle velocity (p.c.p.v., UNI 9916) is defined as the maximum value of the magnitude of one of the three orthogonal components simultaneously measured in a point or obtained by integration.
It is understood that the value of the thresholds may be changed according to the different national or international standards, such as standard BS 6472-1992, standard DOT- 293630-1 or standard FT A.
The data processing means 20 may perform a further check 22" which may relate to evaluate the structural damage of the structure or infrastructure S.
In this case, the data processing means 20 may be configured to calculate the accelerograms, the peak ground acceleration (p.g.a.), the maximum top acceleration, the storey drift and/or the dynamic characteristics of the structure or infrastructure S, i.e. the characteristics that allow to describe the dynamic performance of a given structure. The characteristics are the main vibration frequencies, the mode shape and/or the damping.
The accelerogram (UN I EN 1998-1) is the "history" of the accelerations that the monitored object undergoes in the area where it connects to the transmission medium of the waves (for example, corresponds to the ground level of a building).
According to the standard UNI EN 1998-1, the accelerogram is defined as an alternative representation of the seismic action : the seismic motion may further be represented in terms of ground acceleration in function of the time and in function of other quantities related to the ground acceleration (speed and distance).
The peak ground acceleration (p.g.a., UN I EN 1998-1) corresponds to the maximum acceleration recorded at ground level during an event. More specifically, according to the standard UNI EN 1998-1, the Se(T) is the horizontal spectral acceleration of the ground in function of the period of the structure T, the p.g.a. is the horizontal spectral acceleration of the ground with T=0 (project ground acceleration multiplied by ground coefficient S).
The maximum top acceleration is the maximum acceleration detected by the sensor device 10 placed in the highest position of the structure S.
The storey drift (or drift or dr, UN I EN 1998-1) is the relative horizontal displacement between one storey and the next, the relative horizontal displacement is obtained by integration from the detected local accelerations.
According to the standard UNI EN 1998-1, the drift is the relative movement between the storeys, as the difference of the average lateral displacements at the top and at the base of the considered storey. The drift is given by this value divided by the height of the considered storey.
Mode shape is the shape that the structure has when it is subject to external dynamic forces, that is when the structure vibrates.
Damping is a parameter that represents how long the system needs to "brake" the vibrations. The main vibration frequencies are the frequencies that excite the structure mass and send it in resonance, the main vibration frequencies are able to describe how the building vibrates, and depend by the system rigidity. In case of damage, the stiffness decreases, translating into a vibration frequencies variation that allow to determine the damage.
The necessary elaborations to obtain these three parameters are commonly known as dynamic identification methods of per se known type. The most common is POLYMAX, FDD (Frequency Domain Decomposition), Kalman Filtering Methods, NonPaDAn (Non Parametric Dynamic Analysis).
A further check 22" may be performed by the data processing means 20 which may be used to evaluate the long-term structural damage (or aging) of the structure or infrastructure S.
In this case, the dynamic characteristic of the structure or infrastructure S, i.e. the above mentioned main vibration frequencies, mode shape and damping may be calculated in a known way.
A further check 23 may be performed by the data processing means 20, the check 23 may relate to the inclination. In that case, the data detected by the inclinometer 12 may be simply compared with one or more predetermined threshold values.
An example of inclination threshold is known from the standard UNI EN 1997-1, wherein the threshold value (said tilt) is the inclination so that a building rigidly rotates and reaches a limit angular deformation, i.e. a rigid rotation of the structure that may compromise the functionality or lead to be condemned.
This check is particularly useful in the case of ground collapse or in the case of the inclinations of the structure or infrastructure without structural damage.
In the case during the above checking the data processing means 20 verify that one or more thresholds are exceeded, the data processing means 20 send an alarm signal to the alarm means 30, the latter being activated.
FIG. 3 schematise the system 1 operation.
The input data to the data processing means 20 may be acceleration (appropriately filtered), inclination, temperature and humidity data detected by sensor means 10, and more specifically by the accelerometers 11, by the one or more inclinometers 12 and by the one or more temperature sensors 13.
The data processing means 20 may extract from data storage means 40 the data of interest contained therein (data "history").
These data may be processed to obtain the parameters above explained, and then each parameter may be compared with the predetermined or calculated threshold values. For each check, if the check is positive the data processing means 20 sends a signal 21 to the alarm means 30 and the data is stored in the storage means 40, while if the check is negative the data processing means 20 done a further check on the historical data to verify if the data (or one or more parameters) is different from the preceding one, in the last case, the data is stored in the data storage 40. Thus a data history is created which may be particularly useful to reconstruct the "history" of the structure or infrastructure S.
If also this check is negative, the data (or one or more parameters) is not saved to save memory.
Anyway, the data processing means may be configured to periodically save (for example, once a day or once a week) the data even if the latter is equal to the preceding one.
As mentioned above, the sensor devices 10 continuously work and detect (sample) the data at predetermined intervals. Such intervals, called sampling frequency, may be for example 300Hz (i.e. 300 data/sec), but the sampling frequency may be automatically decreased when the monitoring does not require such a high frequency.
Even though the sensor devices 10 continuously work, only the interesting data may be stored. However, a data may be anyway stored at predetermined time intervals, so as to represents the integrity of the structure at that precise instant (e.g. once a day or once a week).
To this aim, the system 1 may include data storage means 40 operatively connected with the data processing means 20 and/or one or more of the sensor devices 10.
The storage means 40 may store as above mentioned one or more detected local acceleration values and/or at least one value calculated starting therefrom and/or one or more detected local inclination values and/or at least one calculated value starting therefrom in case the value is greater than a predetermined or calculable trigger value, for example corresponding with the threshold values above mentioned or calculated therefrom. On the other hand, the storage means 40 may store one or more of the above mentioned data at predetermined time intervals, regardless if they exceed the trigger value.
Occasionally, storage means 40 may include a temporary memory buffer 41 and a permanent memory unit 42.
The temporary storage buffer 41 may be operably connected with one or more of the sensor devices 10 to store a data string consisting of a predetermined number of acceleration values and/or of detected local inclination values.
In case the above mentioned value is lower than the trigger value, the data processing means 20 may in turn be operatively connected to the temporary storage buffer 41 to delete the less recent data of the data string and to add the detected local acceleration and/or inclination value to the data string.
In this way, the temporary storage buffer 41 contains a data string corresponding to a predetermined detection period, for example the last 30 or 60 seconds from the sampling instant.
This is particularly useful in case of calamity, such as earthquakes, floods or landslides. Thanks to the above mentioned described what happened before the calamity event may be tracked, which could be extremely useful to reconstruct the "history" of the structure before the same calamity event.
For this purpose, permanent memory unit 42 may be operably connected with the temporary storage buffer and with data processing means 20 for storing the string data in case the value detected by one or more of the sensor devices 10 is greater than the trigger value and for the continuing storing of the detected values for a predetermined time.
This allows to reconstruct the event "history" both before and after the event.
Sensor devices 10 may be electrically supplied, preferably by a connecting cable 50 to a domestic or industrial electrical network.
On the other hand, each sensor device 10 may be provided with a buffer battery 51 configured to continuously supply the sensor device 10 for at least three days, preferably for at least a week. In this way, the monitoring of the data may be possible even in case of disastrous events.
The power supply means that supply the sensor devices 10 may supply all the other parts of the system 1 or one or more of them may be supplied independently. Advantageously, the system 1 may include data transmission means 60 to send the values detected by the sensor devices 10 and the data calculated therefrom by the data processing means 20 to a remote receiving unit, the latter being not shown in the figures as known.
Suitably, the data transmission means 60 may send data by WI-FI, by GSM network or by BLUETOOTH or LORA network.
Advantageously, the sensor devices 10 may be synchronized each other, so as to be sure that data is detected without a time lag. An internal digital clock or alternatively an instrumentation synchronized with a satellite GPS is required.
Upon the installation, after the sensors devices 10 are suitable placed on the structure and are connected to supply power by the technician, the latter geolocalizes the sensors both on a map and in height above the ground.
Thereafter, the technician calibrates the sensor devices 10 by connecting one or more thereof to a force-balanced or piezo-electric accelerometer (highly performing) to measure and to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the structure or infrastructure. These data is specific of any structure and may be stored on a dedicated server.
Suitably, the sensor devices 10, possibly the alarm means 30 and at least partially the data processing means 20, may be contained in one or more box-like containers 100. In particular, each of the latter may contain at least one sensor device 10, while one or more thereof may contain the alarm means 30 and/or at least partially the data processing means 20.
For example, only one box-like container 100 may include the data processing means 20, while all the box-like containers 100 may contain the sensor devices 10 and the alarm means 30.
Similarly, not all box-like containers 100 may include data storage means 40.
In this sense, for each structure only one box-like container 100 may act as master, while others can act as slaves.
For example, only the box-like container master may include the data transmission means 60 and/or the storage means 40, while the slave may be operatively connected to the master to transmit the data detected to the latter. The master box-like container may include, for example, data processing means 20, so as to process the data detected by all sensor devices 10.
Basically, the system may comprise a plurality of "black boxes" 100 for monitoring the structural integrity of the structure S.
Possibly, as shown in FIG. 2, a container 100 may contain sensor devices 10, data processing means 20, alarm means 30, data storage means 40 and data transmission means 60 and buffer battery 51.
In addition to the foregoing, box-like containers 100 may also include in/out ports, for example for connecting PC/portable and/or for connecting control, verification and testing or firmware upgrades instrumentation.
Ports may further be useful for connecting the highly performing external accelerometer to the calibration.
The USB port may further be useful for retrieving memory (may be flash/micro usb card).
Box-like containers 100 may include physical buttons and warning light, such as a reset key, a on/off button, a key to perform basic functions (for example, automatic device calibration, system diagnosis, other queries) a series of indicators to signal malfunctions or danger.
Box-like containers 100 may include a cover (possibly waterproof) with a unique identifier, a below number, or a glued/printed RFID so as to uniquely associate a specific container or containers with a single operator.
From the above description, it is clear that the invention achieves the intended purposes.
The invention is susceptible to numerous modifications and variants, all included in the annexed claims. All the details may furthermore be replaced with other technically equivalent elements, and the materials may be different depending on the needs, without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the annexed claims

Claims

1. A system for continuous monitoring the integrity of a civil and/or industrial structure or infrastructure (S) such as a building, a group of buildings, a bridge, a road, a shed, an industrial machinery or a similar structure or infrastructure, comprising:
- a plurality of sensor devices (10) installed on the structure or infrastructure (S) at different points thereof so that each one detects at predetermined time intervals at least one value of at least one parameter related to the vibration of the structure or infrastructure (S) in a predetermined point thereof, each of said sensor devices (10) including at least one accelerometer (11), said at least one detected value of the at least one parameter including or consisting of a local acceleration value;
- data processing means (20) operatively connected to one or more of said sensor devices (10) configured to compare the at least one local acceleration value detected by one or more of said sensor devices or at least one value calculated starting therefrom with at least one threshold value predetermined or to be calculated;
- alarm means (30) operatively connected with said data processing means (20) to activate in response to the reception of at least one alarm signal by the latter;
wherein said data processing means (20) are further configured to send at least one alarm signal (21) to said alarm means (30) in case said at least one local detected acceleration value or said at least one value calculated starting therefrom is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value.
2. System according to claim 1, wherein one or more of said sensor devices (10) further include at least one inclinometer (12) and/or at least one oscillometer and/or at least one velocimeter.
3. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said at least one accelerometer (11) is of MEMS type.
4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one or more of said sensor devices (10) further includes at least one temperature and/or humidity sensor (13) for detecting a corresponding at least one temperature and/or local humidity value, said data processing means (20) being configured to process the at least one local acceleration value or at the least one value calculated therefrom on the basis of the at least one local temperature and/or humidity value.
5. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said data processing means (20) includes filtering means (25) configured to filter the at least one local acceleration value detected by one or more of said sensor devices (10).
6. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one first threshold value is related to the comfort and/or to the non-structural damage of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being further configured for calculating at least one first calculated value starting from said at least one local acceleration value, preferably filtered, said at least one first calculated value being selected from : weighted RMS acceleration and/or peak particle velocity (ppv) and/or peak component particle velocity (pcpv), said data processing means (20) being further configured to compare said at least one first calculated value with said at least one first threshold value related to the comfort and/or the non-structural damage of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being further configured to send at least one alarm signal (21) to said alarm means (30) in the case said at least one first calculated value is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value related to the comfort and/or the nonstructural damage of the structure or infrastructure.
7. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one first threshold value is related to the structural damage of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being configured to calculate at least one second value calculated from said at least one local acceleration value, preferably filtered, said at least one second value being selected from : accelerogram and/or peak ground acceleration (p.g.a.) and/or maximum top acceleration and/or storey drift and/or vibration main frequencies and/or mode shape and/or damping, said data processing means (20) being further configured to compare said at least one second calculated value with said at least one first threshold value related to structural damage of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being further configured to send at least one alarm signal (21) to said alarm means (30) in the case said at least one second calculated value is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value related to the structural damage of the structure or infrastructure (S).
8. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one first threshold value is related to the inclination of the structure or infrastructure, one or more of said sensor devices (10) including at least one inclinometer (12) so that said at least one detected value of at least one parameter further includes at least one local inclination value, said data processing means (20) being further configured to compare the at least one local inclination value detected by said at least one inclinometer (12) or the at least one value calculated therefrom with said at least one first threshold value related to the inclination of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being further configured to send at least one alarm signal (21) to said alarm means (30) in case said at least one local inclination value detected by one or more of said sensor devices or at least one value calculated therefrom is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value related to the structural damage of the structure or infrastructure (S).
9. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said at least one first threshold value is related to the long-term structural damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being configured to calculate starting from said at least one local acceleration value, preferably filtered, at least one third calculated value selected from: main vibration frequencies and/or modal shape and/or damping, said data processing means (20) being also configured to compare said at least one third calculated value with said at least one first threshold value related to the long-term structural damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure (S), said data processing means (20) being further configured to send at least one alarm signal (21 ) to said alarm means (30) in the case said at least one third calculated value is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value related to the long-term structural damage or aging of the structure or infrastructure (S).
10. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, further comprising data storage means (40) operatively connected with said data processing means (20) and/or one or more of said sensor devices (10) for storing said at least one detected local acceleration value and/or said at least one value calculated therefrom and/or said at least one local inclination value detected by one or more of said sensor devices and/or said at least one calculated value from thereof in case the latter value is greater than or lower than a predetermined or calculable trigger value.
11. System according to the preceding claim, wherein said trigger value corresponds to said at least one first threshold value or is ca lculated therefrom.
12. System according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said data storage means (40) are operably connected to one or more of said sensor devices (10) to store said at least one detected local acceleration value and/or said at least one local inclination value detected at predetermined time intervals.
13. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said storage means (40) comprise at least one temporary storage buffer (41) operatively connected to one or more of said sensor devices (10) for storing a data string consisting of a predetermined number of detected local acceleration values and/or detected local inclination values , said data processing means (20) being operably connected to said at least one temporary storage buffer (41) to erase the less recent data of said data string in the case said at least one detected local acceleration value and/or said at least one value calculated therefrom and/or said at least one local inclination value detected by one or more of said sensor devices and/or said at least one value calculated starting therefrom being lower than or greater than said predetermined or calculable trigger value and to add to said data string the detected local acceleration value and/or the detected local inclination value.
14. System according to the preceding claim, wherein said data storage means (40) further comprises at least one permanent memory unit (42) operatively connected to said at least one temporary memory buffer (41) and with said data processing means (20) for storing the data of said string in case said at least one detected local acceleration value and/or said at least one value calculated starting therefrom and/or said at least one local inclination value detected by one or more of said sensor devices and/or said at least one value calculated starting therefrom is greater than or lower than said predetermined or calculable trigger value and to continue storing the values detected for a predetermined time.
15. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of said sensor devices (10) includes power supply means (50, 51).
16. System according to the preceding claim, wherein said power supply means include at least one connecting cable to a power grid (50).
17. System according to claim 15 or 16, wherein said power supply means include at least one buffer battery (51) configured to continuously supply the sensor device (10) for at least three days, preferably for at least one week.
18. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, further comprising data transmission means (60) operatively connected to said data processing means (20) and/or to one or more of said sensor devices (10) for sending said at least one detected local acceleration value and/or said at least one value calculated therefrom and/or said at least one local inclination value detected by one or more of said sensor devices and/or said at least one value calculated therefrom to a remote receiving unit.
19. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said sensor devices (10) are synchronized each other.
20. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the detecting frequency of said sensor devices is 1 Hz to 500 Hz.
21. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, comprising at least two sensor devices (10) placed at different heights of the structure or infrastructure.
22. System according to the preceding claim, wherein said structure or infrastructure (S) lies on a ground (G), one of said two sensor devices (10) being at ground level (G) and the other of said two sensor devices (10) being at the highest point of the structure or infrastructure (S).
23. System according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said alarm means are configured to warn structure or infrastructure rescue and/or maintenance operators and/or the structure or infrastructure occupying persons.
24. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each sensor device
(10) is contained in a respective box-like container (100), one or more of the latter further including said alarm means (30) and at least partially said data processing means (20) and/or said storage means (40) and/or said data transmission means (60).
25. System according to the preceding claim, wherein said box-like containers (100) are operatively connected each other so that one or more of them work as a master device and the others work as slave devices.
26. A kit for the continuous monitoring of the integrity of a civil and/or industrial (S) structure or infrastructure such as a building, a group of buildings, a bridge, a road, a shed, an industrial machinery or a similar structure or infrastructure, comprising:
- a plurality of sensor devices (10) mountable on the structure or infrastructure at different points thereof so that each one detects at predetermined time intervals at least one value of at least one parameter related to the vibration of the structure or infrastructure at a predetermined point thereof, each of said sensor devices including at least one accelerometer, said at least one detected value of at least one parameter including or consisting of a local acceleration value;
- data processing means (20) operatively connectable to one or more of said sensor devices configured to compare the at least one local acceleration value detected by one or more of said sensor devices or at least one value calculated therefrom with at least one first predetermined or calculable threshold value;
- alarm means (30) operatively connectable to said data processing means to act in response to the reception of at least one alarm signal from the latter;
wherein said data processing means are further configured to send at least one alarm signal to said alarm means in case said at least one detected local acceleration value or at least one value calculated therefrom is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value.
27. A method for the continuous monitoring of the integrity of a civil or industrial structure or infrastructure, such as a building, a group of buildings, a bridge, a road or a similar structure or infrastructure, a shed, an industrial machinery or a similar structure or infrastructure, the method using a system that includes:
- a plurality of sensor devices (10) mounted on the structure or infrastructure at different points thereof, each of said sensor devices comprising at least one accelerometer;
- data processing means (20) operatively connected with said sensor devices;
- alarm means (30) operatively connected with said data processing means to activate in response to the reception of at least one alarm signal from the latter;
the method comprising the steps of:
- detecting at predetermined time intervals by each of the sensor devices (10) of at least one value of at least one parameter related to the vibration of the structure or infrastructure at a predetermined point thereof, said at least one detected value of at least one parameter including or consisting of a local acceleration value;
- comparing by said data processing means (20) of the at least one local acceleration value detected by one or more of the sensor devices or of at least one value calculated therefrom with at least one predetermined or calculable threshold value;
- sending by said data processing means (20) of at least one alarm signal to said alarm means in case said at least one detected local acceleration value or at least one value calculated therefrom is greater than or lower than said at least one first threshold value.
28. Method according to the preceding claim, further comprising an installation step of said sensor devices (10) on the structure or infrastructure, the method further comprising a calibration step of the sensor devices upon the installation by an accelerometer of force balance or piezoelectric type operatively connected with one or more of said sensor devices to obtain the dynamic properties of the structure or infrastructure.
29. Method according to the preceding claim or the claim preceding the preceding one, wherein said sensor devices (10) are installed on a multi-storey building lying on a ground (G), at least one of the sensor devices (10) being installed at ground level (G), each floor of the building including at least one sensor device (10).
30. A computer product controllable in the memory of at least one logical control unit belonging to the data processing means (20) of the system according to one or more of the claims 1 to 25 or of the kit according to claim 26, the computer product comprising software code portions to implement the method according to any one of claims 27 to 29 when said computer product is executed by the at least one logical control unit.
31. Computer product according to the preceding claim, comprising one or more fixed or removable storage support interacting with said logic control unit or with one or more integrated circuits belonging to the same logic control unit.
EP17727378.6A 2016-04-20 2017-04-20 System for continuously monitoring the integrity of a structure or infrastructure Withdrawn EP3446092A1 (en)

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