EP3445847B1 - Immunomodulatory il2r fusion proteins and uses thereof - Google Patents

Immunomodulatory il2r fusion proteins and uses thereof Download PDF

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EP3445847B1
EP3445847B1 EP17724147.8A EP17724147A EP3445847B1 EP 3445847 B1 EP3445847 B1 EP 3445847B1 EP 17724147 A EP17724147 A EP 17724147A EP 3445847 B1 EP3445847 B1 EP 3445847B1
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cell
amino acid
acid sequence
host cell
fusion protein
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EP3445847A1 (en
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Thomas M. SCHMITT
Philip D. Greenberg
Ingunn M. STROMNES
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Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center
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    • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
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    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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    • C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
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    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
    • C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
    • C12N5/0638—Cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTL] or lymphokine activated killer cells [LAK]
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    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
    • C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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    • C07K2319/02—Fusion polypeptide containing a localisation/targetting motif containing a signal sequence
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    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07K2319/33—Fusion polypeptide fusions for targeting to specific cell types, e.g. tissue specific targeting, targeting of a bacterial subspecies
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells

Definitions

  • T cell-based immunotherapies began to be developed when tumor-reactive T cells were found among a population of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) ( Clark et al., Cancer Res. 29:705, 1969 ).
  • TILs tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
  • One strategy known as adoptive T cell transfer, in some contexts involves the isolation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes pre-selected for tumor-reactivity, clonal expansion of the tumor-reactive T cells induced by anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies in the presence of IL-2, and finally infusing the expanded cell population back to the tumor-bearing patient (together with chemotherapy and repetitive administration of IL-2) ( Dudley et al., Science 298:850, 2002 ).
  • TCRs recombinant T cell receptors
  • HLA human leukocyte antigen
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • an antigen-binding domain which, e.g., in the context of anti-tumor therapy can bind to a tumor-specific or associated antigen, linked to one or more intracellular component comprising an effector domains, such as a primary signaling domain such as a TCR signaling domain or in some contexts costimulatory signaling domains.
  • the basic procedure for engineered TCR or CAR T cell immunotherapy is generally to genetically modify human T cells with a transgene encoding a tumor targeting moiety, ex vivo expansion of the recombinant T cells, and transfusing the expanded recombinant T cells back into patients.
  • Adoptive T cell therapy using T cells expressing recombinant TCRs has been shown to have a promising clinical benefit, especially in certain B cell cancers.
  • effective T cell activation often requires or is enhanced by a concurrent co-stimulatory signal ( Chen and Flies, Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13: 227-242, 2013 ).
  • co-stimulatory molecules are generally downregulated.
  • exogenous stimulus via IL-2 is typically needed for T cells that express recombinant TCRs specific for cancer antigens.
  • T cells Activation of T cells is initiated when the TCR engages a specific peptide presented in MHC on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) ( Rossy et al., Frontiers in Immunol. 3:1, 2012 ).
  • APC antigen-presenting cell
  • cytokines including IL-2, can affect T cell proliferation and survival.
  • the magnitude of the T cell response is regulated in part by signals delivered to T cells through cytokine receptors.
  • the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) complex is a heterotrimer comprised of a unique ⁇ chain (CD25), a ⁇ chain shared with the IL-15 receptor, and a ⁇ chain shared with the IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors, all of which also can deliver proliferative signals ( Nelson and Willerford, Adv. Immunol. 70:1, 1998 ).
  • CD8 + T cells generally lose the ability to produce IL-2 after differentiation into effector T cells (CTLs) ( Aruga et al., J. Leukocyte Biol. 61:507, 1997 ). Differentiated effector CD8 + T cells also retain the capacity to secrete many cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Aruga et al., 1997), but do not express the GM-CSF receptor.
  • GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • Administration of exogenous IL-2 systemically can be used to prolong CTL longevity in vivo ( Cheever and Chen, Immuno. Rev. 157:177, 1997 ), but IL-2 treatment has been associated with severe toxicity ( Dalgleish, Gene Ther. 1:83, 1994 ).
  • the present invention provides a host cell, comprising a fusion protein and an antigen binding protein, wherein the fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or a cytokine binding domain portion thereof, and an intracellular component comprising an IL-2R intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or an intracellular signaling domain portion thereof, and wherein the antigen binding protein is a T cell receptor (TCR), a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), or both, wherein the TCR is exogenous to the host cell; and wherein the antigen binding protein is specific for a cancer-specific antigen.
  • TCR T cell receptor
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • the present invention also provides a host cell comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding the fusion protein and the antigen binding protein disclosed in the previous paragraph.
  • the present invention also provides a composition comprising the host cell of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient.
  • the present invention provides the host cell of the present invention or composition of the present invention for use in treating cancer.
  • fusion proteins of this disclosure can provide an activation or proliferation signal to a human T cell, wherein the T cell may optionally be engineered to have a preferred cancer antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or both.
  • TCR cancer antigen-specific T cell receptor
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • these fusion proteins can interact with a cytokine or chemokine of interest to provide T cells, such as T cells containing an antigen-specific TCR or CAR, a survival and/or expansion advantage, which is consistent with utility of the construct to improve persistence and exposure to transferred cells, including improving efficacy in a tumor microenvironment.
  • any concentration range, percentage range, ratio range, or integer range is to be understood to include the value of any integer within the recited range and, when appropriate, fractions thereof (such as one tenth and one hundredth of an integer), unless otherwise indicated.
  • any number range recited herein relating to any physical feature, such as polymer subunits, size or thickness are to be understood to include any integer within the recited range, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the term “about” means ⁇ 20% of the indicated range, value, or structure, unless otherwise indicated. It should be understood that the terms “a” and “an” as used herein refer to “one or more" of the enumerated components.
  • a protein domain, region, or module e.g ., a binding domain, hinge region, linker module
  • a protein which may have one or more domains, regions, or modules
  • heterologous or “non-endogenous” or “exogenous” refers to any gene, protein, compound, molecule, or activity that is not native to a host cell or a subject, or is any gene, protein, compound, molecule, or activity native to a host or host cell that has been altered or mutated such that the structure, activity or both is different as between the native and mutated molecules.
  • heterologous, non-endogenous or exogenous molecules may not be endogenous to a host cell or subject, but instead nucleic acids encoding such molecules may have been added to a host cell by conjugation, transformation, transfection, electroporation, or the like, wherein the added nucleic acid molecule may integrate into a host cell genome or can exist as extra-chromosomal genetic material (e.g ., as a plasmid or other self-replicating vector).
  • the term "homologous” or “homolog” refers to a molecule or activity found in or derived from a host cell, species, or strain.
  • a heterologous or exogenous molecule or gene encoding the molecule may be homologous to a native host or host cell molecule or gene that encodes the molecule, respectively, but may have an altered structure, sequence, expression level or combinations thereof.
  • a non-endogenous molecule may be from the same species, a different species, or a combination thereof.
  • endogenous or “native” refers to a gene, protein, compound, molecule, or activity that is normally present in a host or host cell and has no engineered alterations.
  • binding domain refers to a molecule, such as a peptide, oligopeptide, polypeptide or protein, that possesses the ability to specifically and non-covalently associate, unite, or combine with a target molecule.
  • a binding domain includes any naturally occurring, synthetic, semi-synthetic, or recombinantly produced binding partner for a biological molecule or other target of interest or binding protein thereof.
  • the binding domain is an antigen-binding domain from, for example, an antibody or T cell receptor (TCR) or comprises a functional binding domain or antigen-binding fragment thereof (e.g ., domain antibodies, sFv, scFv, Fab, single chain TCRs (scTCRs), or the like).
  • a binding domain or binding portions thereof binds to a cytokine or chemokine, such as GM-CSF.
  • binding domains refers to an association or union of a binding domain, or a fusion protein thereof, to a target molecule with an affinity or K a (i.e., an equilibrium association constant of a particular binding interaction with units of 1/M) equal to or greater than 10 5 M -1 , or binds to such target molecule while not significantly associating or uniting with any other molecules or components in a sample.
  • Binding domains (or fusion proteins thereof) may be classified as “high affinity” binding domains (or fusion proteins thereof) or "low affinity” binding domains (or fusion proteins thereof).
  • “High affinity” binding domains refer to those binding domains with a K a of at least 10 7 M -1 , at least 10 8 M -1 , at least 10 9 M -1 , at least 10 10 M -1 , at least 10 11 M -1 , at least 10 12 M -1 , or at least 10 13 M -1 .
  • “Low affinity” binding domains refer to those binding domains with a K a of up to 10 7 M -1 , up to 10 6 M -1 , up to 10 5 M -1 .
  • affinity may be defined as an equilibrium dissociation constant (K d ) of a particular binding interaction with units of M ( e.g., 10 -5 M to 10 -13 M).
  • a binding domain may have "enhanced affinity," which refers to a selected or engineered binding domain with stronger binding to a target antigen than a wild type (or parent) binding domain.
  • enhanced affinity may be due to a Ka (equilibrium association constant) for the target antigen that is higher than the wild type binding domain, or due to a K d (dissociation constant) for the target antigen that is less than that of the wild type binding domain, or due to an off-rate (K off ) for the target antigen that is less than that of the wild type binding domain.
  • binding domains of the present disclosure that specifically bind a particular target, as well as determining binding domain or fusion protein affinities, such as Western blot, ELISA, and Biacore ® analysis (see also, e.g., Scatchard et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51:660, 1949 ; and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,283,173 , 5,468,614 , or the equivalent).
  • fusion protein refers to a polypeptide that, in a single chain, has at least two distinct domains, wherein the domains are not naturally found together in a protein.
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein may be constructed using PCR, recombinantly engineered, or the like, or such fusion proteins can be made using methods of protein synthesis.
  • a fusion protein may further contain other components ( e.g. , covalently bound), such as a tag or bioactive molecule.
  • a fusion protein expressed or produced by a host cell locates to the cell surface, where the fusion protein is anchored to the cell membrane with a portion of the fusion protein located extracellularly (e.g ., containing a binding domain) and a portion of the fusion protein located intracellularly (e.g ., containing a signaling domain).
  • an "extracellular component” refers to a portion or domain of a fusion protein that is located outside of a cell and that is capable of specifically interacting or associating with another molecule or compound to induce a biological effect by transmitting a signal to the intracellular component of the fusion protein.
  • a cytokine binding domain is capable of associating with a specific cytokine and inducing signal transduction into the cell via the intracellular component of the fusion protein.
  • an "intracellular component” refers to a portion or domain of a fusion protein that is located in the cytoplasm of a host cell and that is capable of transmitting signals to the cell via an "intracellular signaling domain” by interacting with a signaling molecule or with another intracellular component.
  • an "intracellular signaling domain” is an intracellular portion of molecule, such as one used in a fusion protein of this disclosure, that can directly or indirectly promote a response, such as a co-stimulatory, positive, or activating biological or physiological response in a cell when receiving the appropriate signal.
  • an intracellular signaling domain is part of a protein or protein complex that receives a signal when bound, or itself can bind directly to a target molecule to transmit a signal to other components in the cell.
  • An intracellular signaling domain may directly promote a cellular response when it contains one or more signaling domains or motifs, such as a Box 1 motif (e.g ., JAK interacting domain found on a common gamma chain), a kinase domain, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), a co-stimulatory domain, or the like.
  • a Box 1 motif e.g ., JAK interacting domain found on a common gamma chain
  • a kinase domain e.g a kinase domain
  • ITAM immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
  • co-stimulatory domain e.g., co-stimulatory domain, or the like.
  • an intracellular signaling domain will indirectly promote a cellular response by associating with one or more other proteins that in turn directly promote a cellular response.
  • a "portion thereof" refers to a particular region of a protein, such as an extracellular portion, a transmembrane portion or an intracellular portion, or refers to a domain, motif, or fragment of a protein or protein region that retains the function associated with the domain, motif, or fragment of the protein or the protein region.
  • a portion thereof of a cytokine binding domain means a fragment of this domain that is still capable of binding the cytokine.
  • a fusion protein may contain a "linker,” which can provide a spacer function to facilitate the interaction of two single chain fusion proteins, or positioning of one or more binding domains, so that the resulting polypeptide structure maintains a specific binding affinity to a target molecule or maintains signaling activity (e.g ., effector domain activity) or both.
  • linkers include from one to about ten repeats of Gly x Ser y , wherein x and y are independently an integer from 1 to 5.
  • junction amino acids refer to one or more (e.g ., about 2-20) amino acid residues between two adjacent motifs, regions, or domains of a fusion protein, such as between a binding domain and an adjacent hydrophobic component, or on one or both ends of a hydrophobic component. Junction amino acids may result from the construct design of a fusion protein (e.g., amino acid residues resulting from the use of a restriction enzyme site during the construction of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein). In certain embodiments, junction amino acids form a linker, such as those having from one to about ten repeats of Gly x Ser y , wherein x and y are independently an integer from 1 to 5.
  • an “immune system cell” means any cell of the immune system that originates from a hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow, which gives rise to two major lineages, a myeloid progenitor cell (which give rise to myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, megakaryocytes and granulocytes) and a lymphoid progenitor cell (which give rise to lymphoid cells such as T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells).
  • myeloid progenitor cell which give rise to myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, megakaryocytes and granulocytes
  • lymphoid progenitor cell which give rise to lymphoid cells such as T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells).
  • Exemplary immune system cells include a CD4+ T cell, a CD8+ T cell, a CD4- CD8- double negative T cell, a ⁇ T cell, a regulatory T cell, a natural killer cell, and a dendritic cell.
  • Macrophages and dendritic cells may be referred to as "antigen presenting cells” or "APCs,” which are specialized cells that can activate T cells when a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) receptor on the surface of the APC complexed with a peptide interacts with a TCR on the surface of a T cell.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • T cell is an immune system cell that matures in the thymus and produces T cell receptors (TCRs).
  • T cells can be naive (not exposed to antigen; increased expression of CD62L, CCR7, CD28, CD3, CD127, and CD45RA, and decreased expression of CD45RO as compared to T CM ), memory T cells (T M ) (antigen-experienced and long-lived), and effector cells (antigen-experienced, cytotoxic).
  • T M can be further divided into subsets of central memory T cells (T CM , increased expression of CD62L, CCR7, CD28, CD127, CD45RO, and CD95, and decreased expression of CD54RA as compared to naive T cells) and effector memory T cells (T EM , decreased expression of CD62L, CCR7, CD28, CD45RA, and increased expression of CD127 as compared to naive T cells or T CM ).
  • Effector T cells refers to antigen-experienced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes that have decreased expression of CD62L ,CCR7, CD28, and are positive for granzyme and perforin as compared to T CM .
  • Other exemplary T cells include regulatory T cells, such as CD4+ CD25+ (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells and Treg17 cells, as well as Tr1, Th3, CD8+CD28-, and Qa-1 restricted T cells.
  • T cell receptor refers to a molecule found on the surface of T cells (or T lymphocytes) that, in association with CD3, is generally responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
  • MHC major histocompatibility complex
  • the TCR has a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the highly variable ⁇ and ⁇ chains (also known as TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ , respectively) in most T cells. In a small subset of T cells, the TCR is made up of a heterodimer of variable ⁇ and ⁇ chains (also known as TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ , respectively).
  • TCR Each chain of the TCR is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and possesses one N-terminal immunoglobulin variable domain, one immunoglobulin constant domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic tail at the C-terminal end ( see Janeway et al., Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease, 3rd Ed., Current Biology Publications, p. 4:33, 1997 ).
  • TCR may be from various animal species, including human, mouse, rat, cat, dog, goat, horse, or other mammals. TCRs may be cell-bound ( i.e., have a transmembrane region or domain) or in soluble form.
  • MHC molecules Major histocompatibility complex molecules
  • HLA molecules human leukocyte antigen
  • MHC class I molecules are heterodimers consisting of a membrane spanning ⁇ chain (with three ⁇ domains) and a non-covalently associated ⁇ 2 microglobulin.
  • MHC class II molecules are composed of two transmembrane glycoproteins, ⁇ and ⁇ , both of which span the membrane. Each chain has two domains.
  • MHC (HLA) class I molecules deliver peptides originating in the cytosol to the cell surface, where peptide:MHC (or peptide:HLA in humans) complex is recognized by CD8 + T cells.
  • MHC (HLA) class II molecules deliver peptides originating in the vesicular system to the cell surface, where they are recognized by CD4 + T cells.
  • An MHC molecule may be from various animal species, including human, mouse, rat, or other mammals.
  • Nucleic acid molecule may be in the form of RNA or DNA, which includes cDNA, genomic DNA, and synthetic DNA.
  • a nucleic acid molecule may be double stranded or single stranded, and if single stranded, may be the coding strand or non-coding (anti-sense strand).
  • a coding molecule may have a coding sequence identical to a coding sequence known in the art or may have a different coding sequence, which, as the result of the redundancy or degeneracy of the genetic code, or by splicing, can encode the same polypeptide.
  • Variants of the nucleic acid molecules or polynucleotides of this disclosure are also contemplated.
  • Variant polynucleotides are at least 90%, and preferably 95%, 99%, or 99.9% identical to one of the polynucleotides of defined sequence as described herein, or that hybridizes to one of those polynucleotides of defined sequence under stringent hybridization conditions of 0.015M sodium chloride, 0.0015M sodium citrate at about 65-68°C or 0.015M sodium chloride, 0.0015M sodium citrate, and 50% formamide at about 42°C.
  • the polynucleotide variants retain the capacity to encode a binding domain or fusion protein thereof having the functionality described herein.
  • stringent is used to refer to conditions that are commonly understood in the art as stringent.
  • Hybridization stringency is principally determined by temperature, ionic strength, and the concentration of denaturing agents such as formamide.
  • Examples of stringent conditions for hybridization and washing are 0.015M sodium chloride, 0.0015M sodium citrate at about 65-68°C or 0.015M sodium chloride, 0.0015M sodium citrate, and 50% formamide at about 42°C ( see Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1989 ).
  • More stringent conditions may also be used; however, the rate of hybridization will be affected.
  • additional exemplary stringent hybridization conditions include washing in 6x SSC, 0.05% sodium pyrophosphate at 37°C (for 14-base oligonucleotides), 48°C (for 17-base oligonucleotides), 55°C (for 20-base oligonucleotides), and 60°C (for 23-base oligonucleotides).
  • a “vector” is a nucleic acid molecule that is capable of transporting another nucleic acid.
  • Vectors may be, for example, plasmids, cosmids, viruses, or phage.
  • An "expression vector” is a vector that is capable of directing the expression of a protein encoded by one or more genes carried by the vector when it is present in the appropriate environment.
  • “Retroviruses” are viruses having an RNA genome. “Gammaretrovirus” refers to a genus of the retroviridae family. Exemplary gammaretroviruses include mouse stem cell virus, murine leukemia virus, feline leukemia virus, feline sarcoma virus, and avian reticuloendotheliosis viruses.
  • lentivirus refers to a genus of retroviruses that are capable of infecting dividing and non-dividing cells.
  • HIV human immunodeficiency virus: including HIV type 1, and HIV type 2
  • equine infectious anemia virus feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV); bovine immune deficiency virus (BIV); and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
  • identity in the context of two or more polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule sequences, means two or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a specified percentage of amino acid residues or nucleotides that are the same over a specified region (e.g., 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identity), when compared and aligned for maximum correspondence over a comparison window, or designated region, as measured using methods known in the art, such as a sequence comparison algorithm, by manual alignment, or by visual inspection.
  • BLAST and BLAST 2.0 algorithms are described in Altschul et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389, 1977 ) and Altschul et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 215:403, 1990 ), respectively.
  • Treatment refers to medical management of a disease, disorder, or condition of a subject (e.g ., a human or non-human mammal, such as a primate, horse, dog, mouse, or rat).
  • a subject e.g ., a human or non-human mammal, such as a primate, horse, dog, mouse, or rat.
  • an appropriate dose or treatment regimen comprising a host cell expressing a fusion protein of this disclosure, and optionally an adjuvant or adjunctive therapy, is administered in an amount sufficient to elicit a therapeutic or prophylactic benefit.
  • Therapeutic or prophylactic/preventive benefit includes improved clinical outcome; lessening or alleviation of symptoms associated with a disease; decreased occurrence of symptoms; improved quality of life; longer disease-free status; diminishment of extent of disease, stabilization of disease state; delay of disease progression; remission; survival; prolonged survival; or any combination thereof.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective amount” of a fusion protein or cell expressing a fusion protein of this disclosure in the context of a disease or condition being treated, refers to that amount of fusion protein or number of cells sufficient to result in amelioration of one or more symptoms of the disease being treated in a statistically significant manner (e.g ., reducing infection, reducing tumor size, inhibiting cancer growth or the like).
  • Nucleic acid molecules that encode any one or more of the fusion proteins described herein, wherein the cytokine binding domain may not be an IL-2 binding domain can be inserted into an appropriate vector (e.g ., viral vector or non-viral plasmid vector) for introduction in a host cell of interest (e.g ., T cell).
  • an appropriate vector e.g ., viral vector or non-viral plasmid vector
  • the encoded intracellular component is comprised of an intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or portion thereof from an IL-2R ⁇ , IL-2R ⁇ , IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-15R, IL-21R, or any combination thereof.
  • the encoded intracellular component is comprised of an intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or portion thereof from a human IL-2R ⁇ , human IL-2R ⁇ , human IL-4R, human IL-7R, human IL-9R, human IL-15R, human IL-21R, or any combination thereof.
  • a polynucleotide encodes (a) a first fusion protein and all or portion of the cytokine binding domain is a first portion of the cytokine binding domain, and (b) a second fusion protein comprising a second portion of the cytokine binding domain, a second transmembrane domain and a second intracellular component comprising a second IL-2R chain signaling domain or signaling portion thereof, and optionally further comprising a polynucleotide encoding an antigen receptor or portion thereof or an antigen binding protein, such as an antigen-specific TCR or CAR.
  • the polynucleotide encoding a fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component comprising an IL-2R ⁇ intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or a portion thereof, optionally a human IL-2R ⁇ .
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein comprising a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component, wherein a non-cytokine binding portion of the extracellular component, the transmembrane domain, and the intracellular component of the encoded fusion protein has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 10.
  • the encoded non-cytokine binding extracellular portion, transmembrane domain, and intracellular portion of the encoded fusion protein is comprised of or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 10.
  • any of the aforementioned polynucleotides encode a fusion protein comprising an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain and a portion of an IL-2R chain comprising a non-cytokine binding extracellular portion, a transmembrane domain of an IL-2R chain, and an intracellular portion of an IL-2R chain, such as an IL-2R ⁇ or human IL-2R ⁇ .
  • the non-cytokine binding extracellular portion, transmembrane domain, and intracellular portion of the IL-2R chain is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98% identity to nucleotides 961-1,308 of SEQ ID NO.:6.
  • the non-cytokine binding extracellular portion, transmembrane domain, and intracellular portion of the IL-2R chain is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of nucleotides 961-1,308 of SEQ ID NO.:6.
  • the polynucleotide comprises encoding a fusion protein comprising a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component comprising an IL-2R ⁇ intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or a portion thereof, optionally a human IL-2R ⁇ .
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein comprising a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component, wherein the transmembrane domain and the intracellular component of the encoded fusion protein has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:12.
  • the encoded transmembrane domain and intracellular portion of the encoded fusion protein is comprised of or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:12.
  • any of the aforementioned polynucleotides encode a fusion protein comprising an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain, a transmembrane domain of an IL-2R chain, and an intracellular portion of an IL-2R chain, such as an IL-2R ⁇ or human IL-2R ⁇ .
  • the transmembrane domain and intracellular portion of the IL-2R chain is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98% identity to nucleotides 1,315-2,250 of SEQ ID NO.:7.
  • the non-cytokine binding extracellular portion, transmembrane domain, and intracellular portion of the IL-2R chain is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of nucleotides 1,315-2,250 of SEQ ID NO.:7.
  • the encoded extracellular component comprises an extracellular domain or portion thereof of a CSF2RA (also referred to as GM-CSFR or CSF2R), CSF2RB (also referred to as IL3RB, IL5RB, CD131), CSF1R (also referred to as M-CSFR or CSFR), CSF3R (also referred to as G-CSFR or CD114), CXCR2 (also referred to as IL8RA, IL8RB, IL8R2 or CD182), or CCR8 (also referred to as CY6 or TER1).
  • the encoded extracellular component comprises an extracellular domain or portion thereof of a human CSF2RA, human CSF2RB, human CSF1R, human CSF3R, human CXCR2, or human CCR8.
  • the encoded cytokine binding domain or binding portion thereof specifically binds to a GM-CSF (also referred to as CSF2), M-CSF (also referred to as CSF1), G-CSF (also referred to as CSF3), CXCL1, CXCL2, or CCL1.
  • GM-CSF also referred to as CSF2
  • M-CSF also referred to as CSF1
  • G-CSF also referred to as CSF3
  • CXCL1, CXCL2, or CCL1 specifically binds to a human GM-CSF
  • M-CSF also referred to as CSF1
  • G-CSF also referred to as CSF3
  • CXCL1, CXCL2, or CCL1 specifically binds to a human GM-CSF
  • human M-CSF also referred to as CSF1
  • G-CSF also referred to as CSF3
  • CXCL1 CXCL2
  • CCL1 human CXCL1
  • any of the aforementioned polynucleotides encode a fusion protein comprising a cytokine binding domain specific for CSF2, such as an extracellular portion of a CSF2RA or CSF2RB.
  • the extracellular portion of a CSF2RA is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98% identity to nucleotides 1-960 of SEQ ID NO.:6.
  • the extracellular portion of a CSF2RA is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of nucleotides 1-960 of SEQ ID NO.:6.
  • the encoded extracellular portion of a CSF2RA is at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:9.
  • the encoded extracellular portion of a CSF2RA is comprised of or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:9.
  • the extracellular portion of a CSF2RB is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98% identity to nucleotides 1-1,314 of SEQ ID NO.:7.
  • the extracellular portion of a CSF2RB is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of nucleotides 1-1,314 of SEQ ID NO.:6.
  • the encoded extracellular portion of a CSF2RB is at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:11.
  • the encoded extracellular portion of a CSF2RB is comprised of or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:11.
  • any of the aforementioned polynucleotides encode a fusion protein comprising a transmembrane domain, such as a transmembrane domain of an IL-2RG, IL-2RB, CSF2RA, CSF2RB, CSF1R, CSF3R, CXCR2, CCR8, IL-2RA, IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-15R, IL-21R, CD2, CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD25, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD79A, CD79B, CD80, CD86, CD95 (Fas), CD134 (OX40), CD137 (4-1BB), CD150 (SLAMF1), CD152 (CTLA4), CD200R, CD223 (LAG3), CD270 (HVEM), CD272 (BTLA), CD273 (PD-L2), CD274 (PD-L1), CD278 (ICOS), CD279 (PD-1), CD300, CD357 (GI), IGF-
  • the encoded transmembrane domain is of ahuman IL-2RG, a human IL-2RB, a human CSF2RA, a human CSF2RB, a human CSF1R, a human CSF3R, a human CXCR2, a human CCR8, a human IL-2RA, a human IL-4R, a human IL-7R, a human IL-9R, a human IL-15R, a human IL-21R, a human CD2, a human CD3 ⁇ , a human CD3 ⁇ , a human CD3 ⁇ , a human CD25, a human CD27, a human CD28, a human CD40, a human CD79A, a human CD79B, a human CD80, a human CD86, a human CD95 (Fas), a human CD134 (OX40), a human CD137 (4-1BB), a human CD150 (SLAMF1), a human CD152 (CTLA4), a human CD
  • any of the aforementioned polynucleotides encode a fusion protein comprising a transmembrane domain that is at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:22 or 23.
  • the encoded transmembrane domain comprises or consists of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:22 or 23.
  • such an encoded antigen binding protein may comprise a transmembrane domain according to any of the aforementioned transmembrane domain embodiments.
  • the polynucleotide encoding a fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component; wherein the encoded extracellular component comprises an extracellular portion of a CSF2RA and a non-cytokine binding extracellular portion of IL-2R ⁇ , and the encoded transmembrane domain and encoded intracellular component comprise a portion of IL-2R ⁇ .
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity with the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:1.
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:1.
  • the polynucleotide encoding a fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component; wherein the encoded extracellular component comprises an extracellular portion of a CSF2RB, and the encoded transmembrane domain and encoded intracellular component comprise a portion of IL-2R ⁇ .
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity with the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:2.
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:2.
  • the first 22 amino acids of SEQ ID NOS.:1 and 9, and the first 16 amino acids of SEQ ID NOS.:2 and 11, correspond to a signal sequence for human CSF2RA and CSF2RB, respectively.
  • a fusion protein of SEQ ID NOS.:1, 2, 9 and 11 is expressed on the surface of a host cell will be a mature protein - that is, the mature protein lacks the signal sequence.
  • a mature protein of CSF2RA according to SEQ ID NO.: 9 corresponds to amino acids 23-320 of SEQ ID NO. :9
  • a mature protein of CSF2RB according to SEQ ID NO.:11 corresponds to amino acids 17-438 of SEQ ID NO.:11.
  • a polynucleotide encodes a fusion protein comprising an intracellular signaling domain or functional fragment or portion thereof from IL-2R, such as IL-2R ⁇ or IL-2R ⁇ .
  • a polynucleotide encodes an antigen binding protein coprising an intracellular signaling domain or functional fragment or portion thereof from a CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD25, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD47, CD79A, CD79B, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (4 1BB), CD150 (SLAMF1), CD278 (ICOS), CD357 (GITR), CARD11, DAP10, DAP12, FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , Fyn, Lck, LAT, LRP, NKG2D, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, NOTCH4, ROR2, Ryk, Slp76, pT ⁇ , TCR ⁇ , TCR ⁇ , TRIM, Zap70, PT
  • the term "recombinant” or “non-natural” refers to an organism, microorganism, cell, nucleic acid molecule, or vector that includes at least one genetic alteration or has been modified by introduction of an exogenous nucleic acid molecule, wherein such alterations or modifications are introduced by genetic engineering.
  • Genetic alterations include, for example, modifications introducing expressible nucleic acid molecules encoding proteins, fusion proteins or enzymes, or other nucleic acid molecule additions, deletions, substitutions or other functional disruption of a cell's genetic material. Additional modifications include, for example, non-coding regulatory regions in which the modifications alter expression of a gene or operon.
  • a cell such as a T cell, obtained from a subject may be converted into a non-natural or recombinant cell (e.g., a non-natural or recombinant T cell) by introducing a nucleic acid that encodes a fusion protein as described herein and whereby the cell expresses a fusion protein.
  • a non-natural or recombinant cell e.g., a non-natural or recombinant T cell
  • a polynucleotide encodes a plurality of fusion proteins, a plurality of antigen binding proteins, or a combination thereof, wherein two or more of the plurality of fusion proteins, antigen binding proteins, or combinations thereof are separated by a cleavage site.
  • a cleavage site comprises a protease cleavage site of 2 to about 20 amino acids amino-terminal to a fusion protein or antigen binding protein, a protease cleavage site of 2 to about 20 amino acids carboxy-terminal to a fusion protein or antigen binding protein, a self-cleaving amino acid sequence, or a combination thereof.
  • an encoded cleavage site is a self-cleaving amino acid sequence comprising a 2A peptide from porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A) (SEQ ID NO.:13), Thosea asigna virus (T2A) (SEQ ID NO.:14), equine rhinitis A virus (E2A) (SEQ ID NO.:15), foot-and-mouth disease virus (F2A) (SEQ ID NO.:16), or any combination thereof ( see, e.g., Kim et al., PLOS One 6:e18556, 2011 ).
  • P2A porcine teschovirus-1
  • T2A Thosea asigna virus
  • E2A equine rhinitis A virus
  • F2A foot-and-mouth disease virus
  • a polynucleotide that encodes a plurality of fusion proteins, a plurality of antigen binding proteins, or a combination thereof includes a sequence encoding a self-cleaving peptide located between two or more of the proteins, which may be: (a) a P2A peptide encoded by a polynucleotide as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:17; (b) a P2A peptide encoded by a codon optimized polynucleotide as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:18; (c) a T2A peptide is encoded by a polynucleotide as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:19; (d) an E2A peptide is encoded by a polynucleotide as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:20; (e) a F2A peptide is encoded by a polynucleotide as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:21; or (f)
  • a polynucleotide of this disclosure a first fusion protein, a second fusion protein and optionally an antigen binding protein
  • the first fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component that comprises,consists of, or has at least 90% identity to, an IL-2R ⁇ , optionally a human IL-2R ⁇ , intracellular portion or intracellular signaling domain or portion thereof, or optionally has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:10.
  • a polynucleotide encodes a first fusion protein having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity with the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:1.
  • a polynucleotide encodes a first fusion protein comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:1.
  • a polynucleotide of this disclosure encodes a first fusion protein, a second fusion protein and optionally an antigen binding protein, wherein the encoded first fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component that comprises,consists of, or has at least 90% identity to, an IL-2R ⁇ , optionally a human IL-2R ⁇ , intracellular portion or intracellular signaling domain or portion thereof, or optionally has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 12.
  • a polynucleotide encodes a first fusion protein having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity with the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:2. In further embodiments, a polynucleotide encodes a first fusion protein comprising or consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO.:2.
  • a polynucleotide of this disclosure encodes a first fusion protein, a second fusion protein, and optionally an antigen binding protein, wherein the encoded first fusion protein has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:1 or set forth in amino acids 23-435 (mature fusion protein) of SEQ ID NO.: 1; the encoded second fusion protein has at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:2 or set forth in amino acids 17-749 (mature fusion protein) of SEQ ID NO.:2; and the optional antigen binding protein comprises an antigen-specific TCR or an antigen-specific CAR, wherein the antigen is optionally a cancer-specific antigen, such as
  • a first fusion protein, a second fusion protein, and an antigen binding protein may be all encoded by a single polynucleotide, or they all may be encoded by two polynucleotides (e.g ., a first polynucleotide encodes the first fusion protein and a second polynucleotide encodes the second fusion protein and the antigen binding protein; or a first polynucleotide encodes the second fusion protein and a second polynucleotide encodes the first fusion protein and the antigen binding protein; or a first polynucleotide encodes the first fusion protein and second fusion protein, and a second polynucleotide encodes the antigen binding protein, or any combination thereof).
  • a single polynucleotide encodes a first fusion protein of this disclosure and a second fusion protein of this disclosure, wherein a polynucleotide encoding a a self-cleaving peptide as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOS.: 17-21 is disposed between and links the polynucleotide encoding the first fusion protein with the polynucleotide encoding the second fusion protein.
  • the first fusion protein is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98% identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:6, and the second fusion protein is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98% identity to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:7.
  • the first fusion protein is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:6, and the second fusion protein is encoded by a polynucleotide comprising or consisting of the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.:7.
  • a polynucleotide encoding a fusion protein, an antigen binding protein or both, of this disclosure may be codon optimized to enhance or maximize expression in certain types of cells, such as T cells ( Scholten et al., Clin. Immunol. 119: 135-145, 2006 ).
  • any of the polynucleotides of this disclosure may be contained in a vector or delivered to a host cell (e.g ., T cell) via a vector.
  • a vector that encodes a core virus is referred to herein as a "viral vector.”
  • viral vectors There are a large number of available viral vectors suitable for use with the compositions of the instant disclosure, including those identified for human gene therapy applications ( see Pfeifer and Verma, Ann. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2:177, 2001 ).
  • Suitable viral vectors include vectors based on RNA viruses, such as retrovirus-derived vectors, e.g ., Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV)-derived vectors, and include more complex retrovirus-derived vectors, e.g ., lentivirus-derived vectors. HIV-1-derived vectors belong to this category. Other examples include lentivirus vectors derived from HIV-2, FIV, equine infectious anemia virus, SIV, and Maedi-Visna virus (ovine lentivirus).
  • Retroviral and lentiviral viral vectors and packaging cells for transducing mammalian host cells with viral particles containing chimeric antigen receptor transgenes are known in the art and have been previous described, for example, in U.S. Patent 8,119,772 ; Walchli et al., PLoS One 6:327930, 2011 ; Zhao et al., J. Immunol. 174:4415, 2005 ; Engels et al., Hum. Gene Ther. 14:1155, 2003 ; Frecha et al., Mol. Ther. 18:1748, 2010 ; Verhoeyen et al., Methods Mol. Biol. 506:97, 2009 . Retroviral and lentiviral vector constructs and expression systems are also commercially available.
  • a viral vector is used to introduce a non-endogenous polynucleotide encoding a fusion protein as disclosed herein or a non-endogenous polynucleotide encoding an antigen binding protein specific for a target as disclosed herein, or both.
  • a viral vector may be a retroviral vector or a lentiviral vector.
  • a viral vector may also include nucleic acid sequences encoding a marker for transduction. Transduction markers for viral vectors are known in the art and include selection markers, which may confer drug resistance, or detectable markers, such as fluorescent markers or cell surface proteins that can be detected by methods such as flow cytometry.
  • a viral vector further comprises a gene marker for transduction comprising green fluorescent protein (GFP), an extracellular domain of human CD2, or a truncated human EGFR (huEGFRt; see Wang et al., Blood 118:1255, 2011 ).
  • GFP green fluorescent protein
  • huEGFRt truncated human EGFR
  • the viral vector may also comprise additional sequences between the two (or more) transcripts allowing bicistronic or multicistronic expression. Examples of such sequences used in viral vectors include internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), furin cleavage sites, viral 2A peptide, or any combination thereof.
  • vectors also can be used for polynucleotide delivery including DNA viral vectors, including, for example adenovirus-based vectors and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors; vectors derived from herpes simplex viruses (HSVs), including amplicon vectors, replication-defective HSV and attenuated HSV ( Krisky et al., Gene Ther. 5: 1517, 1998 ).
  • DNA viral vectors including, for example adenovirus-based vectors and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors
  • HSVs herpes simplex viruses
  • amplicon vectors including amplicon vectors, replication-defective HSV and attenuated HSV ( Krisky et al., Gene Ther. 5: 1517, 1998 ).
  • a viral or plasmid vector further comprises a gene marker for transduction (e.g . green fluorescent protein, huEGFRt).
  • a vector comprises a polynucleotide as disclosed herein that encodes more than one fusion protein, and containing a polynucleotide that encodes an antigen-binding protein of this disclosure.
  • a vector may contain a polynucleotide that encodes two different fusion proteins, and containing a polynucleotide that encodes an antigen-binding protein of this disclosure.
  • the antigen-specific TCR is specific to a HLA (MHC) class I restricted antigen.
  • HLA MHC
  • the cancer-specific antigen comprises WT-1, mesothelin, ROR1 or cyclin-A1 are also within the scope of this disclosure.
  • a host cell of this disclosure comprises a plurality of antigen binding proteins, such as both a TCR and a CAR.
  • the present disclosure provides a host cell comprising a first fusion protein, a second fusion protein and an antigen binding protein
  • the first fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, and an intracellular component that is comprised of, or has at least 90% identity to, an IL-2R ⁇ , optionally human IL-2R ⁇ , intracellular portion or intracellular signaling domain or portion thereof, or optionally has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 10; wherein the second fusion protein comprises a transmembrane domain disposed between an extracellular component comprising a cytokine binding domain, or portion thereof, and an intracellular component is comprised of, or has at least 90% identity to, an IL-2R ⁇ , optionally human IL-2R ⁇ , intracellular signaling domain
  • the present disclosure provides a host cell comprising a polynucleotide that encodes a first fusion protein, a second fusion protein, and an antigen binding protein, wherein the encoded first fusion protein has at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acids 23-435 (mature fusion protein) of SEQ ID NO.: 1; the encoded second fusion protein has at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acids 17-749 (mature fusion protein) of SEQ ID NO.:2; and the optional antigen binding protein comprises an antigen-specific TCR or an antigen-specific CAR, wherein the antigen is a cancer-specific antigen, such as a WT-1, mesothelin, ROR1 or cyclin-
  • a host cell containing a polynucleotide of this disclosure comprises at least two encoded fusion proteins that are capable of associating to form a heteromultimer on the host cell surface, optionally wheren the heteromultimer on the host cell surface is a heterodimer or heterotrimer.
  • the fusion proteins each comprise a different extracellular component, wherein the different extracellular components are capable of associating with each other to form a functional cytokine binding domain.
  • one of the different encoded extracellular components is comprised of, or has at least 90% amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence of, a CSF2R ⁇ , optionally a human CSF2R ⁇ , extracellular portion, extracellular cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, or optionally has at least 90% amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.:9
  • the other different extracellular component is comprised of, or has at least 90% amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence of, a CSF2R ⁇ , optionally human CSF2R ⁇ , extracellular portion, extracellular cytokine binding domain or portion thereof, or optionally has at least 90% amino acid identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.:11.
  • the fusion proteins each comprise a different intracellular component, wherein the different intracellular components are capable of associating with each other to form a functional intracellular signaling domain.
  • at least one of the different intracellular components is comprised of, or has at least 90% identity to, an IL-2R ⁇ intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or portions thereof, or optionally has at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.:10.
  • At least one of the different intracellular components is comprised of, or has at least 90% identity to, an IL-2R ⁇ , IL-4RA, IL-7R, IL-15RA, or IL-21R intracellular portion, intracellular signaling domain or portions thereof, which in each case, individually, is optionally human-derived, or optionally has at least 90% identity to SEQ ID NO.:12.
  • the TCR binds to an antigen::HLA complex with high affinity, such as at a K a equal to or greater than 10 7 M -1 .
  • the encoded antigen-specific TCR is heterologous to the host cell, or to a subject to whom the host cell will be administered.
  • the encoded TCR is specific to a HLA class I restricted antigen.
  • the antigen binding protein is specific for WT-1, mesothelin, ROR1 or cyclin-A1.
  • the TCR is WT-1 specific TCR designated as C4.
  • a host cell containing a polynucleotide that encodes a fusion protein or a pluralityof fusion proteins of this disclosure may further contain a polynucleotide that encodes an antigen binding protein, wherein the antigen binding protein is a CAR.
  • Exemplary CARs expressed the host cell may comprise an extracellular antigen binding domain and an intracellular signaling domain capable of delivering a primary signal to a T cell and optionally a costimulatory domain; or the intracellular signaling domain comprises an intracellular signaling domain of a costimulatory molecule, such as from CD28, CD137 (4-1BB), or ICOS.
  • the encoded intracellular signaling domain comprises an intracellular signaling domain of a CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD3 ⁇ , CD25, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD47, CD79A, CD79B, CD134 (OX40), CD137 (4-1BB), CD150 (SLAMF1), CD278 (ICOS), CD357 (GITR), CARD11, DAP10, DAP12, FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , FcR ⁇ , Fyn, Lck, LAT, LRP, NKG2D, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, NOTCH4, ROR2, Ryk, Slp76, pT ⁇ , TCR ⁇ , TCR ⁇ , TRIM, Zap70, PTCH2, or any combination thereof and/or wherein the intracellular signaling portion of the chimeric antigen receptor comprises a primary activation signaling domain, which optionally is derived from CD3 ⁇ , and does not comprise a costimulatory domain and/or does not comprise a CD28 signaling domain
  • the encoded intracellular signaling domain comprises a costimulatory domain of: (a) a CD137 (4-1BB), CD27, CD28, ICOS, OX40 (CD134), or any combination thereof; (b) a CD137 (4-1BB) or CD28, or any combination thereof; (c) a CD28; or (d) a CD137 (4-1BB).
  • the encoded intracellular signaling domain comprises a second intracellular signaling domain, such as an intracellular signaling domain of a CD137 (4-1BB).
  • the encoded antigen binding domain of the CAR comprises an antibody binding fragment or scFv specific for the antigen.
  • a host cell as described herein comprises at least two antigen binding proteins, wherein the at least two antigen binding proteins include a TCR and a CAR.
  • the expression of the fusion protein in a T cell comprising a TCR or chimeric antigen receptor specific for an antigen results in at least about a 1.5-fold, 2-fold, or 3-fold increase in survival, expansion, cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and/or response to multiple rounds of stimulation, by the T cell, in response to binding of the antigen and/or following administration to a subject, and/or results in at least about a 1.5-fold, 2-fold, or 3-fold increase in time of survival, disease-free survival, or amelioration of one or more disease symptom, of a subject to which the cell is administered, as compared to a cell substantially the same as the T cell but not containing the fusion protein.
  • Exemplary host cells for use with the fusion proteins, antigen binding proteins and polynucleotides encoding the same of this disclosure includes an immune system cell, such as a T cell.
  • a T cell may be a CD4+ T cell or a CD8+ T cell.
  • host cells capable of expressing a fusion protein of this disclosure on the cell surface are immune cells.
  • host cells capable of expressing a fusion protein of this disclosure on the cell surface are T cells, including primary cells or cell lines derived from human, mouse, rat, or other mammals. If obtained from a mammal, a T cell can be obtained from numerous sources, including blood, bone marrow, lymph node, thymus, or other tissues or fluids. A T cell may be enriched or purified.
  • T cell lines are well known in the art, some of which are described in Sandberg et al., Leukemia 21:230, 2000 . In certain embodiments, T cells that lack endogenous expression of TCR ⁇ and ⁇ chains are used.
  • T cells may naturally lack endogenous expression of TCR ⁇ and ⁇ chains or may have been modified to block expression (e.g., T cells from a transgenic mouse that does not express TCR ⁇ and ⁇ chains or cells that have been manipulated to inhibit expression of TCR ⁇ and ⁇ chains) or to knockout TCR ⁇ chain, TCR ⁇ chain, or both genes.
  • T cells may be engineered to express a TCR specific to a particular antigen.
  • a host cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure is a functional T cell, such as a virus-specific T cell, a tumor antigen specific cytotoxic T cell, a naive T cell, a memory stem T cell, a central or effector memory T cell, ⁇ T cells, or a CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell.
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein of this disclosure is introduced into bulk CD8+ T cells, naive CD8+ T cells, CD8+ T CM cells, CD8+ T EM cells, or any combination thereof.
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein of this disclosure is introduced into bulk CD4+ T cells, naive CD4+ T cells, CD4+ T CM cells, CD4+ T EM cells, or any combination thereof.
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein of this disclosure is introduced into a population of T cells enriched for naive CD8+ T cells and CD8+ T CM cells.
  • a nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein of this disclosure is introduced into a population of T cells enriched for na ⁇ ve CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T CM cells.
  • the T cells further contain a nucleic acid molecule encoding an engineered antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR), an engineered antigen-specific high affinity TCR, an exogenous co-stimulatory molecule, a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), or any combination thereof.
  • TCR engineered antigen-specific T cell receptor
  • CAR chimeric antigen receptor
  • a host cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure is a functional natural killer cell.
  • One or more growth factor cytokines that promote proliferation of T cells expressing a fusion protein of this disclosure may be added to the culture used to expand T cells.
  • the cytokines may be human or non-human.
  • Exemplary growth factor cytokines that may be used promote T cell proliferation include GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-15, or the like.
  • a host T cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure is a CD4 + T cell that also expresses an antigen-specific high-affinity TCR specific to a HLA (MHC) class I restricted antigen (see Soto et al., Cancer Immunol Immunother. 62: 359-369, 2013 ).
  • MHC HLA
  • a host T cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure also expresses a recombinant TCR specific to a cancer antigen.
  • the cancer antigen is a WT1.
  • WT1 refers to Wilm's tumor 1, a transcription factor that contains four zinc-finger motifs at the C-terminus and a proline/glutamine-rich DNA binding domain at the N-terminus. WT1 has an essential role in the normal development of the urogenital system and is mutated in a small subset of patients with Wilm's tumors.
  • WT1 High expression of WT1 has been observed in various cancers, including, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, acute leukemias, vascular neoplasms, melanomas, colon cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, bone and soft tissue sarcoma, and esophageal cancer. Alternative splicing has been noted for WT1.
  • a host T cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure also expresses a recombinant TCR specific to mesothelin.
  • MSLN mesothelin
  • Megakaryocyte potentiation factor functions as a cytokine that can stimulate colony formation in bone marrow megakaryocytes.
  • Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface protein that may function as a cell adhesion protein. This protein is overexpressed in epithelial mesotheliomas, ovarian cancers and in specific squamous cell carcinomas. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
  • a host T cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure also expresses a recombinant TCR specific to cyclin-A1.
  • a host T cell transfected to express a fusion protein of this disclosure also expresses a CAR.
  • Diseases that may be treated with cells of the present invention include cancer, infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, protozoan infections), and immune diseases (e.g., autoimmune).
  • Adoptive immune and gene therapy are promising treatments for various types of cancer ( Morgan et al., Science 314:126, 2006 ; Schmitt et al., Hum. Gene Ther. 20:1240, 2009; J une, J. Clin. Invest. 117:1466, 2007 ) and infectious disease ( Kitchen et al., PLoS One 4:38208, 2009 ; Rossi et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 25:1444, 2007 ; Zhang et al., PLoS Pathog. 6:e1001018, 2010 ; Luo et al., J. Mol. Med. 89:903, 2011 ).
  • a hyperproliferative disorder that is a hematological malignancy or a solid cancer is treated.
  • the hematological malignancy to be treated may be acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), or multiple myeloma (MM).
  • ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • CEL chronic eosinophilic leukemia
  • MDS myelodysplastic syndrome
  • NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • MM multiple myeloma
  • Exemplary solid cancer to be treated may be biliary cancer, bladder cancer, bone and soft tissue carcinoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, desmoid tumor, embryonal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, gynecological tumor, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, hepatic cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, primary astrocytic tumor, primary thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, skin cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, testicular germ-cell tumor, urothelial cancer, uterine sarcoma, or uterine cancer.
  • exemplary types of cancer include adenocarcinoma of the breast, prostate, and colon; all forms of bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung; myeloid leukemia; melanoma; hepatoma; neuroblastoma; papilloma; apudoma; choristoma; branchioma; malignant carcinoid syndrome; carcinoid heart disease; and carcinoma (e.g ., Walker, basal cell, basosquamous, Brown-Pearce, ductal, Ehrlich tumor, Krebs 2, Merkel cell, mucinous, non-small cell lung, oat cell, papillary, scirrhous, bronchiolar, bronchogenic, squamous cell, and transitional cell).
  • carcinoma e.g ., Walker, basal cell, basosquamous, Brown-Pearce, ductal, Ehrlich tumor, Krebs 2, Merkel cell, mucinous, non-small cell lung, oat cell, papillary, scirr
  • cancers include histiocytic disorders; malignant histiocytosis; leukemia; Hodgkin's disease; immunoproliferative small; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; plasmacytoma; reticuloendotheliosis; melanoma; chondroblastoma; chondroma; chondrosarcoma; fibroma; fibrosarcoma; giant cell tumors; histiocytoma; lipoma; liposarcoma; mesothelioma; myxoma; myxosarcoma; osteoma; osteosarcoma; chordoma; craniopharyngioma; dysgerminoma; hamartoma; mesenchymoma; mesonephroma; myosarcoma; ameloblastoma; cementoma; odontoma; teratoma; th
  • cancers are also contemplated as amenable to treatment: adenoma; cholangioma; cholesteatoma; cyclindroma; cystadenocarcinoma; cystadenoma; granulosa cell tumor; gynandroblastoma; hepatoma; hidradenoma; islet cell tumor; Leydig cell tumor; papilloma; sertoli cell tumor; theca cell tumor; leimyoma; leiomyosarcoma; myoblastoma; myomma; myosarcoma; rhabdomyoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; ependymoma; ganglioneuroma; glioma; medulloblastoma; meningioma; neurilemmoma; neuroblastoma; neuroepithelioma; neurofibroma; neuroma; paraganglioma;
  • the types of cancers that may be treated also include angiokeratoma; angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia; angioma sclerosing; angiomatosis; glomangioma; hemangioendothelioma; hemangioma; hemangiopericytoma; hemangiosarcoma; lymphangioma; lymphangiomyoma; lymphangiosarcoma; pinealoma; carcinosarcoma; chondrosarcoma; cystosarcoma phyllodes; fibrosarcoma; hemangiosarcoma; leiomyosarcoma; leukosarcoma; liposarcoma; lymphangiosarcoma; myosarcoma; myxosarcoma; ovarian carcinoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; sarcoma; neoplasms; nerofibromatosis;
  • B-cell cancers including B-cell lymphomas (such as various forms of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) or central nervous system lymphomas), leukemias (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hairy cell leukemia, B cell blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia) and myelomas (such as multiple myeloma).
  • B-cell lymphomas such as various forms of Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) or central nervous system lymphomas
  • leukemias such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hairy cell leukemia, B cell blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia
  • myelomas such as multiple myeloma.
  • Additional B cell cancers include small lymphocytic lymphoma, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma of bone, extraosseous plasmacytoma, extra-nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated (MALT) lymphoid tissue, nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia, B-cell proliferations of uncertain malignant potential, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
  • MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
  • Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases include arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, polychondritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, dermatitis, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, inflammatory myositis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, systemic scleroderma and sclerosis, CREST syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, respiratory distress syndrome, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), meningitis, encephalitis, uveitis, colitis, glomerulonephritis, allergic conditions, eczema, asthma, conditions involving infiltration of T cells and chronic inflammatory responses, atherosclerosis, autoimmune myocarditis, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), subacute cutaneous lupus
  • acute myelocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, or chronic myelocytic leukemia is treated.
  • Infectious diseases include those associated with infectious agents and include any of a variety of bacteria (e.g ., pathogenic E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, B. anthracis, C. botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, H. pylori, V. cholerae, Listeria spp., Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp., and the like), mycobacteria, and parasites (including any known parasitic member of the Protozoa).
  • bacteria e.g ., pathogenic E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, B. anthracis, C. botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, H. pylori, V. cholerae, Listeria spp., Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp.,
  • Infectious viruses include eukaryotic viruses, such as adenovirus, bunyavirus, herpesvirus, papovavirus, papillomavirus (e.g ., HPV), paramyxovirus, picornavirus, rhabdovirus (e.g ., Rabies), orthomyxovirus (e.g. , influenza), poxvirus ( e.g. , Vaccinia), reovirus, retrovirus, lentivirus (e.g ., HIV), flavivirus ( e.g. , HCV, HBV) or the like.
  • adenovirus such as adenovirus, bunyavirus, herpesvirus, papovavirus, papillomavirus (e.g ., HPV), paramyxovirus, picornavirus, rhabdovirus ( e.g ., Rabies), orthomyxovirus ( e.g. , influenza), poxvirus ( e.g. , Vaccin
  • cells of T cell lineage expressing fusion proteins administered to a subject are syngeneic, allogeneic, or autologous cells.
  • compositions including of the present invention of this disclosure may be administered in a manner appropriate to the disease or condition to be treated (or prevented) as determined by persons skilled in the medical art.
  • An appropriate dose, suitable duration, and frequency of administration of the compositions will be determined by such factors as the condition of the patient, size, type and severity of the disease, particular form of the active ingredient, and the method of administration.
  • The-excipient. Suitable excipients include water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, or the like and combinations thereof.
  • the disclosure is directed to a host cell for use in a method v of increasing the activity of an immune cell, enhancing or prolonging an immune response, stimulating an antigen-specific T cell response, inhibiting an immunosuppressive signaling pathway, treating cancer or a tumor, inhibiting immune resistance of cancer cells, or treating an infection, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a host cell expressing a fusion protein as described herein.
  • a host cell for use in any of the aforementioned methods further expresses an engineered antigen-specific TCR, an engineered antigen-specific high affinity TCR, a CAR, a co-stimulatory molecule, or any combination thereof.
  • methods of treating leukemia are provided, comprising co-expressing a fusion protein as disclosed herein and a recombinant, antigen-specific TCR.
  • methods of inducing or enhancing a Class I HLA response by a CD4+ T cell comprising administering to a subject in need the host cell of the present invention, wherein thereof an effective amount of the host cell of the present inention, wherein the host cell is a CD4+ T cell.
  • the methods are effective in the absence of administering exogenous IL-2.
  • chemotherapeutic agents include, for example, alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide; alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylolomelamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, pred
  • alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide
  • paclitaxel (Taxol TM , Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.) and docetaxel (Taxotere TM , Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France); chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine; novantrone; teniposide; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda; ibandronate; CPT-11; topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylornithine (DMFO); retinoic acid; esperamicins, capecitabine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives
  • the adjunctive therapy is a vaccine, an inhibitor of an immunosuppression signal, a B-Raf inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent, a chemotherapeutic, or any combination thereof.
  • the inhibitor of an immunosuppression signal is an antibody or siRNA.
  • the antibody or siRNA is specific for PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, LAG3, KIR, CD244, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, GAL9, TIM3, A2aR, or any combination thereof.
  • RNA was extracted (RNeasy Miniprep Kit, Qiagen) from primary cultures of KPC tumor epithelial cells and paired metastatic cells to the livers of the same animals (n 3 each), and also from preinvasive pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. RNA was converted to cDNA using a High Capacity Reverse Transcriptase Kit (Applied Biosystems). Quantitative PCR was performed using SYBR Green mastermix and triplicate samples were run on a C1000 Thermal Cycler (BioRad). Primers were based on published literature or designed using Primer-BLAST software.
  • GM-CSF Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • G-CSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor
  • M-CSF monocyte colony stimulating factor
  • compositions and methods to enhance anti-tumor activity of immune therapies e.g., an exemplary fusion protein comprised of extracellular components from CSF2R (GM-CSFR) and intracellular components from IL-2R is illustrated in Figure 2 ).
  • B6 Msln -/- and wild-type (WT) mice were immunized with a recombinant adenovirus expressing murine Msln (Ad-Msln) to elicit reactive T cells.
  • Ad-Msln a recombinant adenovirus expressing murine Msln
  • T cells specific for epitopes Msln343-351, Msln484-492, Msln544-552, and Msln583-591 were isolated from Msln -/- mice, but not WT mice, consistent with central tolerance ( Stromnes et al., Cancer Cell 28:638, 2015 ).
  • Msln -/- and WT mice generated responses to Msln 406-414 , previously shown to be processed and presented by a B6 ovarian cancer cell line ( Hung et al., Gene Ther. 14:921, 2007 ).
  • Msln 406-414 -specific T cells isolated from WT mice uniformly expressed the V ⁇ 9 TCR chain, as did the majority of Msln 406-414 -specific T cells from Msln -/- mice (Stromnes et al., 2015).
  • Msln 406-414 -specific T cell lines from Msln -/- mice stained brighter with tetramer, consistent with higher affinity (Stromnes et al., 2015). Msln -/- Msln 406-414 -specific T cell clones also responded to lower antigen concentrations than the corresponding WT clones (Stromnes et al., 2015). Most T cell clones isolated from WT and Msln -/- mice used the same germline V ⁇ 4 and V ⁇ 9 TCR chains, restricting any sequence differences between the highest affinity clones from the respective strains to CDR3 ( Figure 3A ).
  • Exemplary CSF2R::IL-2R chimeric constructs, and impacts thereof on function of antigen-specific engineered T cells, were assessed in a preclinical mouse model for disseminated leukemia, based on the murine C57BL/6 Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia (FBL) and TCR gag transgenic mice.
  • FBL Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia
  • TCR 1045 mesothelin-targeted T cell receptor
  • the constructs were then directionally TOPO-cloned into the pENTR TM /D-TOPO ® vector (Invitrogen), and transferred into the retroviral vector pMP71-attR using Gateway ® technology (Invitrogen).
  • the retroviral packaging cell line Plat-E Morita et al., 2000, Gene Therapy 7:1063-1066, 2000; Cell Biolabs, Inc.
  • Plat-E was transduced with the retroviral vector using effectene transduction reagent (Qiagen).
  • Viral supernatant was collected on days 2 and 3 post-transfection and then used to transduce T cells, in some cases containing TCR 1045 .
  • P14 Thy1.1 + T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 and 100 U/mL rhIL-2.
  • Transduction of P14 Thy1.1 + T cells was performed in 12 well plates in the presence of IL-2 and polybrene by spinfection for 90 minutes at 1000g.
  • TCR 1045 transduced T cells were restimulated with irradiated Thy1.2 + splenocytes pulsed with Msln406-414 peptide (GQKMNAQAI, 1 ⁇ g/ml) and recombinant human IL-2 (r-IL2, 50 IU/ml) seven days following T cell activation with anti-CD3/CD28.
  • T cells On day 5 after antigen re-stimulation, >90% T cells expressed the introduced TCR.
  • 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells expressing TCR 1045 were infused into Thy1.2 + C57BL/6 (B6) mice (Jackson Laboratory) together with 5 ⁇ 10 8 pfu of a recombinant attenuated adenovirus vaccine (i.m.) engineered to express recombinant murine mesothelin (Ad-Msln).
  • the infused TCR 1045 + donor cells included a population expressing the GMIIL2R fusion protein ("GM/IL2R") and a population not expressing the construct ("WT"). Donor cells were tracked on days 0, 8, 14, and 21 after infusion.
  • GM/IL2R GMIIL2R fusion protein
  • WT population not expressing the construct
  • TCR 1045 + donor (Thy1.1 + /V ⁇ 9 + -gated) T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for surface expression of a molecule containing the extracellular portion of a GM-CSFR (with expression on monocytes used as a positive control). At day 0, approximately 50% of the TCR 1045 + donor T cells were observed by this assay to express the chimeric molecule ( Figure 3B ).
  • Donor T cells persisted and were detectable in the blood for at least 21 days following transfer ( Figure 4A ).
  • donor T cells expressing the CSF2R::IL-2R fusion protein (as determined by anti-GM-CSF staining) ("GM/IL2R") exhibited a survival and/or proliferative advantage, as compared to donor T cells that did not express the fusion protein ("WT").
  • WT fusion protein
  • fusion proteins of this disclosure in some embodiments provide T cells, such as T cells containing antigen-specific TCRs, a survival and/or expansion advantage, which is consistent with utility of the construct to improve persistence and exposure to transferred cells, including improving efficacy in a tumor microenvironment.

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