EP3442555A1 - Méthodes de traitement du cancer du sein - Google Patents

Méthodes de traitement du cancer du sein

Info

Publication number
EP3442555A1
EP3442555A1 EP17783337.3A EP17783337A EP3442555A1 EP 3442555 A1 EP3442555 A1 EP 3442555A1 EP 17783337 A EP17783337 A EP 17783337A EP 3442555 A1 EP3442555 A1 EP 3442555A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polypeptide
subject
breast cancer
alkylene
aspects
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17783337.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3442555A4 (fr
Inventor
Stacey J. HANSEN
Julia E. Novak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blaze Bioscience Inc
Original Assignee
Blaze Bioscience Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blaze Bioscience Inc filed Critical Blaze Bioscience Inc
Priority claimed from PCT/US2017/027812 external-priority patent/WO2017181149A1/fr
Publication of EP3442555A1 publication Critical patent/EP3442555A1/fr
Publication of EP3442555A4 publication Critical patent/EP3442555A4/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
    • C07K14/43513—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from arachnidae
    • C07K14/43522—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from arachnidae from scorpions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/1767—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6415—Toxins or lectins, e.g. clostridial toxins or Pseudomonas exotoxins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A61K49/0032—Methine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/005—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the carrier molecule carrying the fluorescent agent
    • A61K49/0056—Peptides, proteins, polyamino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • Breast cancer is a cancer that usually starts in the inner lining of the milk ducts or lobules of the breast. Although breast cancer is rare in men, it is the second most common cancer in women in the United States, with about 230,000 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed each year. Breast cancers exhibit a wide range of morphological phenotypes and specific histopathological types. Treatment usually includes some combination of surgery, drugs (chemotherapy), and radiation, and the extent of surgical resection directly influences patient prognosis. Unfortunately, intra-operative identification of tumor margins or small foci of cancer cells remains imprecise. Residual cancer that is undetected at the time of surgery results in missed opportunity to achieve a complete resection with a single procedure. This can result in additional surgery, additional adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and/or radiation), and worse outcome for the patient.
  • chemotherapy drugs
  • the present disclosure provides peptides and pharmaceutical compositions of peptides for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer, and ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer. Described herein are peptides that home, target, are directed to, migrate to, or accumulate in triple -negative breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer, and ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with triple-negative breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide is any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with triple-negative breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%>, or at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 - SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with triple-negative breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%>, at least 85%, at least 90%>, or at least 95% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide is any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 - SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide is any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%>, or at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 - SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer comprises administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%>, at least 85%, at least 90%>, or at least 95% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer, the method comprising, administering a
  • polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide is any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer, the method comprising, administering a
  • polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 - SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer, the method comprising, administering a
  • polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%), or at least 95% sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer, the method comprising, administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide is any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer, the method comprising, administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 - SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of treating a subject with lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer, the method comprising, administering a polypeptide to the subject, wherein the polypeptide has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • the fragment of the polypeptide has a length of at least 25 residues.
  • each amino acid of the polypeptide is independently selected as an L- or D-enantiomer.
  • the polypeptide contains no lysine residues.
  • the polypeptide contains a single lysine residue.
  • the single lysine residue is located at a position corresponding to K-27 of native chlorotoxin, K-23 of native chlorotoxin, or K-15 of native chlorotoxin.
  • one, two, or three methionine residues of the polypeptide are replaced with other amino acids.
  • the N-terminus of the polypeptide is blocked by acetylation or cyclization.
  • the polypeptide comprises at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, or at least 6 disulfide bonds.
  • the polypeptide comprises an isoelectric point of at least 6.0, at least 6.5, at least 7.0, at least 7.5, at least 8.0, at least 8.5, or at least 9.0.
  • the polypeptide binds to a breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell.
  • the method further comprises detecting the presence or absence of the polypeptide in a tissue or cell, wherein the presence of the polypeptide in the tissue or cell indicates the presence of a breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell.
  • the cancerous tissue or cancer cell is associated with triple-negative breast cancer.
  • the cancerous tissue or cancer cell is associated with invasive ductal carcinoma.
  • the cancerous tissue or cancer cell is associated with ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer.
  • the cancerous tissue or cancer cell is associated with invasive lobular carcinoma.
  • the cancerous tissue or cancer cell is associated with lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer.
  • the detecting is performed using fluorescence imaging.
  • the method further comprises surgically removing the breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell from the human subject.
  • the polypeptide is intravenously administered about 1 hr, about 2 hrs, about 3 hrs, about 4 hrs, about 5 hrs, about 6 hrs, about 7 hrs, about 8 hrs, about 9 hrs, about 10 hrs, about 11 hrs, about 12 hrs, about 13 hrs, about 14 hrs, about 15 hrs, about 16 hrs, about 17 hrs, about 18 hrs, about 19 hrs, about 20 hrs, about 21 hrs, about 22 hrs, about 23 hrs, about 24 hrs, about 36 hrs, about 48 hrs, about 60 hrs, or about 72 hrs prior surgically removing the breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell from the human subject.
  • the polypeptide is administered at a dosage sufficient to treat triple- negative breast cancer in the human subject. In further aspects, the polypeptide is
  • the polypeptide is administered at a dosage sufficient to treat invasive ductal carcinoma in the human subject.
  • the polypeptide is administered at a dosage sufficient to treat ductal carcinoma in situ in the human subject.
  • the polypeptide is administered at a dosage sufficient to treat invasive lobular carcinoma in the human subject.
  • the polypeptide is administered at a dosage sufficient to treat lobular carcinoma in situ in the human subject.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to an agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to the agent via a cleaveable linker or non-cleavable linker.
  • the polypeptide comprises a single lysine residue and the agent is conjugated to the polypeptide at the single lysine residue.
  • the polypeptide comprises no lysine residues and the agent is conjugated to the polypeptide at the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • polypeptide and agent comprise the structure of Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, Ci-C 6 alkylene-sulfonate, -COOH, -SO 2 -NH 2 , or Ci-Ce alkoxy;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, sulfonate, amine, or -COOH;
  • L 1 is C 3 -C 6 alkylene;
  • L 2 is C 1 -C 10 alkylene;
  • L 3 is a bond, -0-, -NR 10 -, -NR 10 -Ci-C 6 alkylene- -O- NR 10 -, -NR 10 -Ci-C 6 alkylene- (0-Ci-C 6 alkylene) n - -NR 10 -L 4 -, -NR 10
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio
  • R is hydrogen, sulfonate, or -COOH; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, or 3; q is 0, 1 , 2, or 3; and A 4 is the polypeptide.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are each independently methyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently hydrogen; R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 19 , and R 20 are each independently hydrogen; R 9 is sulfonate; R 10 is hydrogen; L 1 is butylene; L 2 is pentylene; or L 3 is selected from a bond, -0-, -NR 10 -, -NR 10 -Ci-C6 alkylene-, -O-NR 10 -, or -NR 10 -L 4 -.
  • polypeptide and agent comprise the structure of any one of Formulas (IX), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIII), (XIV), (XV), or (XVI), wherein A 4 is the polypeptide:
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to a detectable agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to the detectable agent via a cleavable linker or a non- cleavable linker.
  • the detectable agent comprises a dye, a fluorophore, a fluorescent biotin compound, a luminescent compound, a chemiluminescent compound, a radioisotope, a paramagnetic metal ion, or a combination thereof.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to a therapeutic agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to the therapeutic agent via a cleavable linker or a non- cleavable linker.
  • the therapeutic agent comprises a radioisotope, toxin, enzyme, sensitizing drug, radiosensitizer, nucleic acid, interfering RNA, antibody, antibody fragment, aptamer, anti-angiogenic agent, cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, anti-metabolite, mitotic inhibitor, growth factor inhibitor, cytotoxin, microtubule disrupting agent, DNA modifying agent, maytansine derivative, auristatin derivative, dolostatin derivative, monomethyl auristatin E, monomethyl auristatin F, DM1, calicheamicin, duocarmycin derivative, campthotecin, pyrrolobenzodiazepine, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide,
  • daunorubicin dactinomycin, idarubicin, plicamycin, mitomycin, bleomycin, tamoxifen, flutamide, leuprolide, goserelin, aminogluthimide, anastrozole, amsacrine, asparaginase, mitoxantrone, mitotane, amifostine, lenalidomide, imatinib, abiraterone, erlotinib, enzalutimide, everolimus palbociclib, pomalidomide, sunitinib, sorafenib, imatinib, gefitinib, afatinib, axitinib, crizotinib, vismoegib, dabrefenib, vemurafenib, bevacizumab, vorozol and other aromatase inhibitors, lapitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, b
  • administering the polypeptide comprises intravenously administering a composition comprising the polypeptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition comprises a pH within a range from about 6 to about 7.5.
  • the composition comprises an ionic strength less than or equal to about 50 mM.
  • the composition further comprises a buffer comprising histidine, tris, HEPES, ethylene diamine, or a combination thereof.
  • the composition further comprises a sugar alcohol.
  • the composition comprises from about 0 mM to about 50 mM histidine, from about 0 mM to about 20 mM tris, about 20 mM methionine, from about 3% to about 10% sugar alcohol, and a pH within a range from about 6 to about 7.5.
  • a method of imaging an organ or body region of a subject comprises administering to the subject a compound comprising a polypeptide conjugated to a detectable marker, wherein the polypeptide comprises: a) any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof; b) at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 - SEQ ID NO: 481 or a fragment thereof; or at least at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof; and imaging a breast, breast tissue or breast cell of the subject.
  • the polypeptide comprises: a) any one of SEQ ID NO: 482 - SEQ ID NO: 485 or a fragment thereof; b) at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 9
  • the method further comprises detecting the presence or absence of the compound in a tissue or cell, wherein the presence of the compound in the tissue or cell indicates the presence of a triple-negative breast cancer cancer in a diseased region, tissue, structure, or cell of the subject.
  • the method further comprises detecting the presence or absence of the compound in a tissue or cell, wherein the presence of the compound in the tissue or cell indicates the presence of invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer in a diseased region, tissue, structure, or cell of the subject.
  • the method further comprises detecting the presence or absence of the compound in a tissue or cell, wherein the presence of the compound in the tissue or cell indicates the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer in the diseased region, tissue, structure or cell of the subject. In other aspects, the method further comprises detecting the presence or absence of the compound in a tissue or cell, wherein the presence of the compound in the tissue or cell indicates the presence of a breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer in a diseased region, tissue, structure, or cell of the subject.
  • the method further comprises detecting the presence or absence of the compound in a tissue or cell, wherein the presence of the compound in the tissue or cell indicates the presence of lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer in the diseased region, tissue, structure or cell of the subject.
  • the method further comprises performing surgery on the subject.
  • the method further comprises treating the triple-negative breast cancer. In other aspects, the method further comprises treating the invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer. In certain aspects, the method further comprises treating the ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer. In other aspects, the method further comprises treating the invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer. In still other aspects, the method further comprises treating the lobular carcinoma in situ cancer.In some aspects, the method further comprises treating the diseased region, tissue, structure, or cell of the subject.
  • the surgery comprises removing the triple -negative breast cancer. In further aspects, the surgery comprises removing the invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer. In some aspects, the surgery comprises removing the ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer. In other aspects, the surgery comprises removing the lobular ductal carcinoma breast cancer. In still other aspects, the surgery comprises removing the lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer. In certain aspects, the surgery comprises removing the diseased region, tissue, structure or cell of the subject.
  • the method further comprises imaging the triple-negative breast cancer after surgical removal. In other aspects, the method further comprises imaging the invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer after surgical removal. In certain aspects, the method further comprises imaging the ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer after surgical removal. In other aspects, the method further comprises imaging the invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer after surgical removal. In still other aspects, the method further comprises imaging the lobular carcinoma in situ breast cancer after surgical removal. In some aspects, the method further comprises imaging the diseased region, tissue, structure, or cell of the subject after surgical removal.
  • the method further comprises imaging the tumor bed. In further aspects, the method further comprises detecting residual tumor. In still further aspects, the method further comprises surgical removal of the residual tumor.
  • the fragment of the polypeptide has a length of at least 25 residues.
  • each amino acid of the polypeptide is independently selected as an L- or D-enantiomer.
  • the polypeptide contains no lysine residues.
  • the polypeptide contains a single lysine residue.
  • the single lysine residue is located at a position corresponding to K-27 of native chlorotoxin, K-23 of native chlorotoxin, or K-15 of native chlorotoxin.
  • one, two, or three methionine residues of the polypeptide are replaced with other amino acids.
  • the N-terminus of the polypeptide is blocked by acetylation or cyclization.
  • the polypeptide comprises at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, or at least 6 disulfide bonds. [0048] In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises an isoelectric point of at least 6.0, at least 6.5, at least 7.0, at least 7.5, at least 8.0, at least 8.5, or at least 9.0.
  • the polypeptide binds to a breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell.
  • the detecting is performed using fluorescence imaging.
  • the method further comprises surgically removing the breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell from the human subject.
  • the compound is intravenously administered about 1 hr, about 2 hrs, about 3 hrs, about 4 hrs, about 5 hrs, about 6 hrs, about 7 hrs, about 8 hrs, about 9 hrs, about 10 hrs, about 11 hrs, about 12 hrs, about 13 hrs, about 14 hrs, about 15 hrs, about 16 hrs, about 17 hrs, about 18 hrs, about 19 hrs, about 20 hrs, about 21 hrs, about 22 hrs, about 23 hrs, about 24 hrs, about 36 hrs, about 48 hrs, about 60 hrs, or about 72 hrs prior surgically removing the breast cancerous tissue or breast cancer cell from the human subject.
  • the polypeptide comprises a single lysine residue and the detectable agent is conjugated to the polypeptide at the single lysine residue. In other aspects, the polypeptide comprises no lysine residues and the detectable agent is conjugated to the polypeptide at the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • polypeptide and the detectable agent comprise the structure of Formula (IV), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, Ci-C 6 alkylene-sulfonate, -COOH, -SO 2 -NH 2 , or Ci-C 6 alkoxy;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, sulfonate, amine, or -COOH;
  • L 1 is C 3 -C 6 alkylene;
  • L 2 is C 1 -C 10 alkylene;
  • L 3 is a bond, -0-, -NR 10 -, -NR 10 -Ci-C 6 alkylene- -O- NR 10 -, -NR 10 -Ci-C 6 alkylene- (0-Ci-C 6 alkylene) n - -NR 10 -L 4 -, -NR 10
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-aryl-R 21 , -(L 5 )- heteroaryl, -(L 5 )-heteroaryl-R 21 , -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, -NR 10 -; R 17 and R 18 are each
  • R is hydrogen, sulfonate, or -COOH; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; p is 0, 1, 2, or 3; q is 0, 1 , 2, or 3; and A 4 is the polypeptide.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are each independently methyl; R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently hydrogen; R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 19 , and R 20 are each independently hydrogen; R 9 is sulfonate; R 10 is hydrogen; L 1 is butylene; L 2 is pentylene; or L 3 is selected from a bond, -0-, -NR 10 -, -NR 10 -Ci-C 6 alkylene-, -O-NR 10 -, or -NR 10 -L 4 -.
  • polypeptide and the detectable agent comprise the structure of any one of Formulas (IX), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIII), (XIV), (XV), or (XVI), wherein A 4 is the polypeptide:
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to the detectable agent via a cleavable linker or a non-cleavable linker.
  • the detectable agent comprises a dye, a fluorophore, a fluorescent biotin compound, a luminescent compound, a chemiluminescent compound, a radioisotope, a paramagnetic metal ion, or a combination thereof.
  • the polypeptide is further conjugated to a therapeutic agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to the therapeutic agent via a cleavable linker or non- cleavable linker.
  • the therapeutic agent comprises a radioisotope, toxin, enzyme, sensitizing drug, radiosensitizer, nucleic acid, interfering RNA, antibody, antibody fragment, aptamer, anti-angiogenic agent, cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, anti-metabolite, mitotic inhibitor, growth factor inhibitor, cytotoxin, microtubule disrupting agent, DNA modifying agent, maytansine derivative, auristatin derivative, dolostatin derivative, monomethyl auristatin E, monomethyl auristatin F, DM1, calicheamicin, duocarmycin derivative, campthotecin, pyrrolobenzodiazepine, paclitaxel, cyclophosphamide,
  • daunorubicin dactinomycin, idarubicin, plicamycin, mitomycin, bleomycin, tamoxifen, flutamide, leuprolide, goserelin, aminogluthimide, anastrozole, amsacrine, asparaginase, mitoxantrone, mitotane, amifostine, lenalidomide, imatinib, abiraterone, erlotinib, enzalutimide, everolimus palbociclib, pomalidomide, sunitinib, sorafenib, imatinib, gefitinib, afatinib, axitinib, crizotinib, vismoegib, dabrefenib, vemurafenib, bevacizumab, vorozol and other aromatase inhibitors, lapitinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, b
  • administering the polypeptide comprises intravenously administering the compound, wherein the compound is administered in a composition comprising the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition comprises a pH within a range from about 6 to about 7.5.
  • the composition comprises an ionic strength less than or equal to about 50 mM.
  • the composition further comprises a buffer comprising histidine, tris, HEPES, ethylene diamine, or a combination thereof.
  • the composition further comprises a sugar alcohol.
  • the composition comprises from about 0 mM to about 50 mM histidine, from about 0 mM to about 20 mM tris, about 20 mM methionine, from about 3% to about 10% sugar alcohol, and a pH within a range from about 6 to about 7.5.
  • FIG. 1 shows images and graphs of fluorescent signal intensity of ex vivo tissue, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B001) before excision of the tissue.
  • FIG. 1A shows near-infrared (NIR) images of the ex vivo lumpectomy specimen on the left, and corresponding white light images of the lumpectomy specimen on the right, which were taken prior to gross sectioning.
  • NIR near-infrared
  • FIG. IB shows an NIR image overlay with the white light image of ex vivo gross sectioned lumpectomy specimen from subject B001 at a 30 millisecond (ms) calculated exposure time.
  • Fluorescence signal corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • the Ds with accompanying arrows indicate areas of DCIS.
  • the MI with accompanying arrow indicates an area with microinvasion.
  • the B indicates the biopsy site.
  • FIG. 1C shows an haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of a fluorescent region of the ex vivo lumpectomy specimen as shown in FIG. IB from subject B001 , indicating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tumor pathology.
  • FIG. ID shows an H&E staining of a fluorescent region of the ex vivo tumor mass as shown in FIG. IB from subject B001, indicating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tumor pathology.
  • FIG. IE shows an H&E staining of a fluorescent region of the ex vivo tumor mass as shown in FIG. IB from subject B001, indicating microinvasive ductal carcinoma tumor pathology.
  • FIG. IF shows an H&E staining of a region of the ex vivo lumpectomy specimen as shown in FIG. IB from subject B001, indicating ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tumor pathology.
  • FIG. 1G shows a line plot analysis graph of the ex vivo lumpectomy specimen as shown in FIG. IB, which shows the fluorescent signal (lighter and brighter areas) intensity corresponding to Compound 76 in tumor tissues (through the line on the above NIR image of the tumor mass) was increased in the microinvasive carcinoma "M” and DCIS “D” compared to the non-tumor adipose tissue "A”.
  • the biopsy site is marked "B”.
  • NIR image above the line plot analysis graph used a 30 ms calculated exposure time.
  • FIG. 1H shows an NIR image of the tumor margin and the corresponding visible light image on the left, and the lumpectomy specimen NIR image on the right, which were taken prior to gross sectioning using a 30 ms calculated exposure time. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. II shows a line plot analysis of the fluorescent signal intensity of the ex vivo tumor margin tissue through the line as shown in FIG. 1H.
  • FIG. 1 J shows a line plot analysis of the fluorescent signal intensity of the ex vivo lumpectomy specimen through the line as shown in FIG. 1H.
  • FIG. 2 shows images of ex vivo breast tissue after administration of Compound 76 to a human subject (subject B002) diagnosed with breast cancer.
  • FIG. 2 A shows a white light image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject (subject B002) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B002) before excision of the breast tissue.
  • FIG. 2B shows a NIR image overlay with the white light image of FIG. 2A.
  • Fluorescence signal corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues. Both these images are of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject (subject B002) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B002) before excision of the breast tissue using a 20 ms calculated exposure time.
  • FIG. 2C shows a NIR image overlay with a white light image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject (subject B002) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B002) before excision of the breast tissue using a 20 ms exposure time.
  • Fluorescence signal corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 3 shows a NIR image overlay with a white light image of ex vivo breast tissue that had been formalin fixed from a human subject (subject B003) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B003) before excision of the breast tissue using a 180 ms calculated exposure time. Increased exposure time was required because the tissue was fixed prior to imaging. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 4 shows a NIR image overlay with a white light image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject (subject B004) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B004) before excision of the breast tissue using a 30 ms calculated exposure time.
  • Strong, focal fluorescence signal corresponding to the bright area in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 5 shows a NIR image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject (subject B005) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B005) before excision of the breast tissue using a 30 ms calculated exposure time.
  • Fluorescence signal corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues. Fluorescence signal is likely DCIS.
  • FIG. 6 shows a NIR image overlay with a white light image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject (subject B006) diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject (subject B006) before excision of the breast tissue using a 30 ms calculated exposure time. Strong, focal fluorescence signal, corresponding the bright area in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 7 shows images of breast tissue from a human subject diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein no Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the breast tissue.
  • FIG. 7A shows a white light image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein no Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the breast tissue.
  • FIG. 7B shows a NIR image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein no Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the breast tissue.
  • the NIR image was exposed for 30 ms calculated exposure time.
  • FIG. 7C shows a NIR image of ex vivo breast tissue from a human subject diagnosed with breast cancer, wherein no Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the breast tissue.
  • the NIR image was exposed for 135 ms calculated exposure time.
  • FIG. 8 shows ex vivo images of normal breast tissue from a human subject, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the normal breast tissue.
  • FIG. 8A shows a white light image of ex vivo normal breast tissue from a human subject, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the normal breast tissue.
  • FIG. 8B shows an H&E stain of ex vivo normal breast tissue from a human subject, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the normal breast tissue.
  • FIG. 8C shows a NIR image of ex vivo normal breast tissue from a human subject, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the normal breast tissue. The NIR image was exposed for 30 ms calculated exposure time.
  • FIG. 8D shows a NIR image of ex vivo normal breast tissue from a human subject, wherein 12 mg of Compound 76 was administered to the human subject before excision of the normal breast tissue. The NIR image was exposed for 135 ms calculated exposure time.
  • FIG. 9 shows NIR images of the MB231 xenografts from mice on the top row with control NIR images of corresponding normal muscle below in the bottom row.
  • FIG. 10 shows NIR images of the MB468 xenografts from mice on the top row with NIR images of corresponding normal muscle below in the bottom row.
  • FIG. 11 shows images of tumor, muscle, and mammary tissue from mice that received a xenograft of breast cancer tissue derived from a patient with breast cancer.
  • FIG. 11A shows NIR images of tumors excised from mice on the top row with control NIR images of corresponding excised normal muscle below in the middle row and corresponding excised normal mammary fat pad below in the bottom row.
  • the tumors are from breast cancer tissue derived from a human patient, which was grafted into the mice.
  • the first five panels on the left are from mice that received an injection of Compound 76 before tissue excision, and the panel on right is from a mouse that did not receive an injection of Compound 76 before tissue excision.
  • FIG. 11B shows H&E staining of tumors excised from mice below the corresponding NIR image of the tumors shown in FIG. 11 A.
  • the tumors are from breast cancer tissue derived from a human patient, which was grafted into the mice.
  • the first five panels on the left are from mice that received an injection of Compound 76 before tissue excision, and the panel on right is from a mouse that did not receive an injection of Compound 76 before tissue excision.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates mean serum concentration of Compound 76 at the time points measured above versus nominal time profiles in the 6 mg dosing cohort and the 12 mg dosing cohort.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the ex vivo NIR images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in subject B002 taken using the Synchronized Infra- Red Imaging System (SIRIS) at 3.3 msec, 6.6 msec, 9.9 msec, 20 msec, and 30 msec exposure settings. Fluorescence signal,
  • FIG. 14 illustrates representative images of IDC and DCIS carcinoma specimens imaged ex vivo after excision using the SIRIS imaging system. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues. Visible light images are shown on the left and visible/NIR overlay images are shown to the right.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates representative gross sectioned images from invasive carcinoma (subjects B002, B004, B007) and in situ carcinoma (B001, B004, B008). Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • the abbreviation MI in this figure refers to microinvasive carcinoma
  • LCIS refers to lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
  • B refers to biopsy.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates representative Spectrum and SIRIS images from intra-operative imaging.
  • FIG. 16A illustrates fluorescence signal from intra-operative imaging using the Spectrum in subject B009. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the mastectomy tissue in situ, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues and was observed faintly towards the middle of the image.
  • FIG. 16B illustrates fluorescence signal from intra-operative imaging using the SIRIS on lumpectomy specimens ex vivo and at the surgical site in subject B010. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates representative images from tissue specimens with invasive and in situ carcinoma. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • Invasive carcinoma NIR/visible light overlay images are shown in subjects B021, B022, and B015.
  • In situ carcinoma NIR/visibile light overlay images are shown in subjects B013 and B016.
  • An NIR light image (brightened from original image) of the in situ carcinoma is shown for subject B014. Circles and arrows/pointer indicate tumor regions.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a representative intraoperative SIRIS image of subject B020 including the lumpectomy specimen in situ and the tumor bed. Fluorescence signal was not observed in the surgical site.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates representative intraoperative Spectrum images from subject B021 including the lumpectomy specimen ex vivo and the surgical site. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues. The NIR only image of the lumpectomy specimen contains an outline region where increased fluorescence was observed and the margin was less than 5 mm.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a graph of relative fluorescence units (RFU)/pixel/sec for benign, in situ, and invasive breast tissues (as confirmed by pathology assessment) for the 12 mg and 6 mg dose cohorts.
  • the asterisk indicates a false positive. Fluorescence signal intensity was measured within a region of interest (ROI) by Image J software analysis.
  • ROI region of interest
  • FIG. 21 shows multiple points of intraoperative imaging in subject B0008 in the 12 mg dosing cohort.
  • FIG. 21 A illustrates fluorescence signal in Spectrum-obtained images of the lateral margin and inferior margin in lumpectomy specimens. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 21B illustrates fluorescence signal in SIRIS-obtained sliced lumpectomy images. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 22 show multiple points of intraoperative imaging in subject B0008 in the 12 mg dosing cohort.
  • FIG. 22A illustrates fluorescence signal in the surgical site. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 22B illustrates fluorescence signal in the inferior lateral margin wrap that was excised from the surgical site in FIG. 22A. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates fluorescence and histopathology H&E images in subject B002 (same subject as FIG. 2) with invasive ductal carcinoma. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates diffuse fluorescence in subject B013 with in situ ductal carcinoma (see pointer in image), which corresponds to a region of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) outlined in white in the H&E image on the right. The site of a previous biopsy is indicated in a circle. Fluorescence signal, corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR image, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates fluorescence patterns in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in subject B016 and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in subject B015 as well as lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) in subject B021 and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) in subject B022.
  • DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ
  • IDC invasive ductal carcinoma
  • LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ
  • ILC invasive lobular carcinoma
  • Fluorescence signal corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates a SIRIS image of invasive ductal carcinoma in subjects B002, B004, and B006. Molecular marker subtype expression is shown below each image.
  • Fluorescence signal corresponding to lighter and brighter areas in the NIR images, is indicative of the presence of Compound 76 in tumor tissues.
  • compositions and methods for the detection and/or treatment of certain types of breast cancer comprise peptide conjugates comprising a detectable label, which are suitable for the detection and treatment of breast cancer.
  • the type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
  • the type of breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
  • TNBC triple negative breast cancer
  • the type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
  • the type of breast cancer is invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC).
  • the type of breast cancer is lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS).
  • the compositions are provided in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, which can be administered to a subject by any route of administration.
  • the peptides or peptide conjugates bind selectively to cancer cells.
  • the cancer cells can then be detected, for example, by imaging or other visualization or detection method suitable for detecting the detectable label of the peptide conjugate.
  • the presently described compositions can be used to treat the type of breast cancer by way of a therapeutic agent, which is attached to the conjugate and which acts on the cancer cells following binding by the peptide portion of the conjugate.
  • Breast cancer can begin in different areas of the breast, such as in the milk ducts, the lobules (glands that produce breast milk), or the tissue found in between, including but not limited to stromal tissue (fatty and fibrous connective tissue), and can be non-invasive, invasive, recurrent, or metastatic. These characteristics can be used to determine the type of breast cancer. For example, IDC is an invasive breast cancer that originates in the milk ducts, whereas DCIS breast cancer also originates in the milk ducts, but has not become noninvasive.
  • breast cancers can exhibit a wide range of morphological phenotypes and specific histopathological types that have particular prognostic and clinical
  • the subtype luminal A is HER2 negative, ER positive, and either PR positive or negative
  • the subtype luminal B is HER2 postive, ER negative, and either PR positive or negative
  • the subtype triple-negative which is also referred to as TNBC
  • TNBC is HER2 negative, ER negative, and PR negative
  • the subtype HER2 type is HER2 positive, ER negative, and PR negative.
  • the majority of TNBCs are basal-like and have a poor prognosis (Penault-LLorca, F. et al., Ann Oncol., 23 Suppl 6: vi 19-22 (2012)).
  • TNBCs are more aggressive than luminal A, luminal B, or HER2 type tumors.
  • TNBCs growth is not driven by estrogen or progesterone, or by growth signals coming from the HER2 protein and does not respond to hormonal therapy, such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, or therapies that target HER2 receptors, such as Herceptin, and therefore, treatment options are limited for TNBC treatment.
  • hormonal therapy such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors
  • therapies that target HER2 receptors, such as Herceptin are limited for TNBC treatment.
  • a large number of patients with TNBC treated with chemotherapy and surgery are not cured of their disease, and
  • Cyano refers to the -CN radical.
  • Niro refers to the -N0 2 radical.
  • Oxa refers to the -O- radical.
  • Alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C15 alkyl).
  • an alkyl comprises one to thirteen carbon atoms (e.g., C1-C13 alkyl).
  • an alkyl comprises one to eight carbon atoms (e.g., Ci-C 8 alkyl).
  • an alkyl comprises five to fifteen carbon atoms (e.g., C5-C15 alkyl).
  • an alkyl comprises five to eight carbon atoms (e.g., Cs-Cg alkyl).
  • the alkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, for example, methyl (Me), ethyl (Et), ⁇ -propyl, 1-methylethyl (z ' so-propyl), /7-butyl, /7-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl), 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like.
  • an alkyl group is optionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR a , - SR a , -OC(0)-R a , -N(R a ) 2 , -C(0)R a , -C(0)OR a , -C(0)N(R a ) 2 , -N(R a )C(0)OR a , -N(R a )C(0)R a , -N(R a )S(0) t R a (where t is 1 or 2), -S(0) t OR a (where t is 1 or 2) and -S(0) t N(R a ) 2 (where t is 1 or 2) where each R a is independently hydrogen, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, carbocyclyl,
  • alkenyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one double bond, and having from two to twelve carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, an alkenyl comprises two to eight carbon atoms. In other embodiments, an alkenyl comprises two to four carbon atoms. The alkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, for example, ethenyl (i.e., vinyl), prop-l-enyl (i.e., allyl), but-l-enyl, pent-l-enyl, penta-l,4-dienyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo,
  • Alkynyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one triple bond, having from two to twelve carbon atoms.
  • an alkynyl comprises two to eight carbon atoms.
  • an alkynyl has two to four carbon atoms.
  • the alkynyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, and the like.
  • an alkynyl group is optionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano, nitro, oxo, thioxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR a , -
  • Alkylene or "alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation and having from one to twelve carbon atoms, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, w-butylene, and the like.
  • the alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a single bond.
  • the points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon in the alkylene chain or through any two carbons within the chain.
  • an alkylene chain is optionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano, nitro, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, oxo, thioxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR a , - SR a , -OC(0)-R a , -N(R a ) 2 , -C(0)R a , -C(0)OR a , -C(0)N(R a ) 2 , -N(R a )C(0)OR a , -N(R a )C(0)R a , -N(R a )S(0) t R a (where t is 1 or 2), -S(0) t OR a (where t is 1 or 2) and -S(0) t N(R a ) 2 (where t is 1 or 2) where each R a is independently hydrogen, al
  • alkenylene or "alkenylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least one double bond and having from two to twelve carbon atoms, for example, ethenylene, propenylene, w-butenylene, and the like.
  • the alkenylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a double bond or a single bond and to the radical group through a double bond or a single bond.
  • the points of attachment of the alkenylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain.
  • an alkenylene chain is optionally substituted by one or more of the following substituents: halo, cyano, nitro, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, oxo, thioxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR a , -
  • cycloalkylalkyl aryl (optionally substituted with one or more halo groups), aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl, and where each of the above substituents is unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated.
  • Aryl refers to a radical derived from an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system by removing a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon atom.
  • the aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system contains only hydrogen and carbon from six to eighteen carbon atoms, where at least one of the rings in the ring system is fully unsaturated, i.e., it contains a cyclic, delocalized (4n+2) ⁇ -electron system in accordance with the Huckel theory.
  • Aryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups such as phenyl, fluorenyl, and naphthyl.
  • aryl or the prefix “ar-” (such as in “aralkyl”) is meant to include aryl radicals optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionally substituted aralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted carbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted
  • each R b is independently a direct bond or a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain
  • R c is a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain, and where each of the above substituents is unsubstituted unless otherwise indicated.
  • Aralkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R c -aryl where R c is an alkylene chain as defined above, for example, benzyl, diphenylmethyl and the like.
  • the alkylene chain part of the aralkyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for an alkylene chain.
  • the aryl part of the aralkyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for an aryl group.
  • alkenyl refers to a radical of the formula -R d -aryl where R d is an alkenylene chain as defined above.
  • the aryl part of the aralkenyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for an aryl group.
  • the alkenylene chain part of the aralkenyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for an alkenylene group.
  • Alkynyl refers to a radical of the formula -R e -aryl, where R e is an alkynylene chain as defined above.
  • the aryl part of the aralkynyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for an aryl group.
  • the alkynylene chain part of the aralkynyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for an alkynylene chain.
  • Carbocyclyl refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may include fused or bridged ring systems, having from three to fifteen carbon atoms.
  • a carbocyclyl comprises three to ten carbon atoms.
  • a carbocyclyl comprises five to seven carbon atoms. The carbocyclyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
  • Carbocyclyl may be saturated, (i.e., containing single C-C bonds only) or unsaturated (i.e., containing one or more double bonds or triple bonds.)
  • a fully saturated carbocyclyl radical is also referred to as "cycloalkyl.”
  • monocyclic cycloalkyls include, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
  • An unsaturated carbocyclyl is also referred to as "cycloalkenyl.”
  • Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyls include, e.g., cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl.
  • Polycyclic carbocyclyl radicals include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl (i.e.,
  • carbocyclyl is meant to include carbocyclyl radicals that are optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, oxo, thioxo, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionally substituted aralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted carbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, -R b -OR a , -
  • Carbocyclylalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R c -carbocyclyl where R c is an alkylene chain as defined above. The alkylene chain and the carbocyclyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above.
  • Halo or "halogen” refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo substituents.
  • Fluoroalkyl refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more fluoro radicals, as defined above, for example, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, l-fluoromethyl-2-fluoroethyl, and the like.
  • the alkyl part of the fluoroalkyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for an alkyl group.
  • Heterocyclyl refers to a 3- to 18-membered non-aromatic ring radical that comprises two to twelve carbon atoms and from one to six heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocyclyl radical is a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems. The heteroatoms in the heterocyclyl radical may be optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, are optionally quaternized. The heterocyclyl radical is partially or fully saturated. The heterocyclyl may be attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom of the ring(s).
  • heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[l,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl,
  • heterocyclyl is meant to include heterocyclyl radicals as defined above that are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, oxo, thioxo, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionally substituted aralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted carbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted
  • N-heterocyclyl or “N-attached heterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclyl radical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heterocyclyl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heterocyclyl radical.
  • An N-heterocyclyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for
  • heterocyclyl radicals examples include, but are not limited to, 1-morpholinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 1-pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, and imidazolidinyl.
  • C-heterocyclyl or "C-attached heterocyclyl” refers to a heterocyclyl radical as defined above containing at least one heteroatom and where the point of attachment of the heterocyclyl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a carbon atom in the heterocyclyl radical.
  • a C-heterocyclyl radical is optionally substituted as described above for heterocyclyl radicals. Examples of such C-heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, 2- morpholinyl, 2- or 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, and the like.
  • Heterocyclylalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R c -heterocyclyl where R c is an alkylene chain as defined above. If the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl is optionally attached to the alkyl radical at the nitrogen atom.
  • the alkylene chain of the heterocyclylalkyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for an alkylene chain.
  • the heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for a heterocyclyl group.
  • Heteroaryl refers to a radical derived from a 3- to 18-membered aromatic ring radical that comprises two to seventeen carbon atoms and from one to six heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
  • the heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, wherein at least one of the rings in the ring system is fully unsaturated, i.e., it contains a cyclic, delocalized (4n+2) ⁇ -electron system in accordance with the Huckel theory.
  • Heteroaryl includes fused or bridged ring systems.
  • the heteroatom(s) in the heteroaryl radical is optionally oxidized.
  • heteroaryl is attached to the rest of the molecule through any atom of the ring(s).
  • heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzindolyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzo[d]thiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[&][l,4]dioxepinyl,
  • benzodioxolyl benzodioxinyl
  • benzopyranyl benzopyranonyl
  • benzofuranyl benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl,
  • heteroaryl is meant to include heteroaryl radicals as defined above which are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, fluoroalkyl, haloalkenyl, haloalkynyl, oxo, thioxo, cyano, nitro, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted aralkenyl, optionally substituted aralkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted carbocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted
  • N-heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heteroaryl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heteroaryl radical.
  • An N-heteroaryl radical is optionally substituted as described above for heteroaryl radicals.
  • C-heteroaryl refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined above and where the point of attachment of the heteroaryl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a carbon atom in the heteroaryl radical.
  • a C-heteroaryl radical is optionally substituted as described above for heteroaryl radicals.
  • Heteroarylalkyl refers to a radical of the formula -R c -heteroaryl, where R c is an alkylene chain as defined above. If the heteroaryl is a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, the heteroaryl is optionally attached to the alkyl radical at the nitrogen atom.
  • the alkylene chain of the heteroarylalkyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for an alkylene chain.
  • the heteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkyl radical is optionally substituted as defined above for a heteroaryl group.
  • the compounds, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- or, as (D)- or (L)- for amino acids.
  • the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E (or trans) and Z (cis) geometric isomers.
  • all possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms, and all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.
  • stereoisomer refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which are not interchangeable. It is therefore contemplated that various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof and includes “enantiomers,” which refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another.
  • a "tautomer” refers to a proton shift from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule.
  • the compounds presented herein may exist as tautomers.
  • Tautomers are compounds that are interconvertible by migration of a hydrogen atom, accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond. In solutions where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will exist. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base addition salts.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any one of the alkoxyphenyl-linked amine derivative compounds described herein is intended to encompass any and all pharmaceutically suitable salt forms.
  • Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein are pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts and pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and which are formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphorous acid, and the like. Also included are salts that are formed with organic acids such as aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl-substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxy alkanoic acids, alkanedioic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic and. aromatic sulfonic acids, etc.
  • acetic acid trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, and the like.
  • Exemplary salts thus include sulfates, pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, nitrates, phosphates, monohydrogenphosphates, dihydrogenphosphates,
  • metaphosphates pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates, trifluoroacetates, propionates, caprylates, isobutyrates, oxalates, malonates, succinate suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates, mandelates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates, methylbenzoates,
  • Acid addition salts of basic compounds maybe prepared by contacting the free base forms with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce the salt according to methods and techniques with which a skilled artisan is familiar.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt” refers to those salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free acids, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. These salts are prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to the free acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts may be formed with metals or amines, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals or organic amines. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like.
  • Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, for example, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, N,N- dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, ethylenediamine, ethylenedianiline, N-methylglucamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. See Berge et al.
  • treatment or “treating,” or “palliating” or “ameliorating” are used interchangeably herein. These terms refers to an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results including but not limited to therapeutic benefit and/or a prophylactic benefit.
  • therapeutic benefit is meant eradication, reduction, or amelioration of the underlying disorder being treated.
  • a therapeutic benefit is achieved with the eradication, reduction, or amelioration of one or more of the physiological symptoms associated with the underlying disorder such that an improvement is observed in the patient, notwithstanding that the patient may still be afflicted with the underlying disorder.
  • the compositions may be administered to a patient at risk of developing a particular disease, or to a patient reporting one or more of the physiological symptoms of a disease, even though a diagnosis of this disease may not have been made.
  • Prodrug is meant to indicate a compound that may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to a biologically active compound described herein.
  • prodrug refers to a precursor of a biologically active compound that is
  • a prodrug may be inactive when administered to a subject, but is converted in vivo to an active compound, for example, by hydrolysis.
  • the prodrug compound often offers advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility or delayed release in a mammalian organism ⁇ see, e.g., Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985), pp. 7-9, 21-24 (Elsevier, Amsterdam).
  • prodrugs are provided in Higuchi, T., et al., "Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems," A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987, both of which are incorporated in full by reference herein.
  • prodrug is also meant to include any covalently bonded carriers, which release the active compound in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject.
  • Prodrugs of an active compound, as described herein may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the active compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent active compound.
  • Prodrugs include compounds wherein a hydroxy, amino or mercapto group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the active compound is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxy, free amino or free mercapto group, respectively.
  • Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol or amine functional groups in the active compounds and the like.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for administering compounds that selectively bind to certain types of breast cancer cells and tissues.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for administering compounds that selectively bind to TNBC cells and tissues.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for administering compounds that selectively bind to IDC breast cancer cells and tissues.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for administering compounds that selectively bind to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) breast cancer, invasive lobular carcinoma breast cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) cells and tissues.
  • IDC invasive ductal carcinoma
  • DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ
  • LCIS lobular carcinoma in situ
  • these compounds can comprise a peptide portion and a detectable agent conjugated together.
  • the peptide portions of the compounds described herein have certain features in common with the native chlorotoxin (CTX) peptide.
  • CTX chlorotoxin
  • the native chlorotoxin peptide was originally isolated from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus.
  • Chlorotoxin is a 36 amino acid peptide that selectively binds to cancerous cells.
  • the peptide portions of the present compounds have advantageously retained at least some of the cancer-cell binding activity of chlorotoxin.
  • the cancer-cell binding activity of chlorotoxin provides certain advantages for the detection and treatment of cancer because it facilitates the selective localization of detectable agents and therapeutic agents to the breast cancer cells for the detection and treatment of breast cancer.
  • peptides used in the present disclosure are conjugated to moieties, such as detectable labels (e.g., dyes or radiolabels) that are detected (e.g., visualized) in a subject.
  • detectable labels e.g., dyes or radiolabels
  • the chlorotoxin and/or chlorotoxin variants are conjugated to detectable labels to enable tracking of the bio-distribution of a conjugated peptide.
  • the fluorescent moiety can be covalently coupled to the chlorotoxin and/or chlorotoxin variants to allow for the
  • the fluorescent label used has emission characteristics that are desired for a particular application.
  • the fluorescent label is a fluorescent dye that has an emission wavelength maximum from 500 nm to 1100 nm, from 600 nm to 1000 nm, from 800 nm to 1000 nm, from 600 to 800 nm, from 800 nm to 900 nm, from 650 nm to 850 nm, from 650 nm to 800 nm, from 700 nm to 800 nm, from 800 nm to 880 nm, from 810 nm to 875 nm, from 825 nm to 875 nm, or from 790 nm to 840 nm, or from 800 nm to 830 nm.
  • excitation spectra can be used to optimize imaging of visualization of the conjugate.
  • the absorption spectrum of a fluorophore can determine the wavelengths of light energy that excites the molecule to produce its fluorescence.
  • the range of illumination wavelengths used to excite a molecule can include light energies over a broad range of wavelenghts or over a narrow range of wavelengths within the absorption spectra of the fluorophore molecule.
  • the emission spectrum is the spectrum of light wavelengths that are given off (emitted) from the fluorophore molecule after excitation.
  • the fluorophore molecule has an optimal excitation spectrum at around 785 nm (e.g., from 770 nm to 795 nm), for example, from 770 nm to 800 nm, from 775 nm to 795 nm, from 780 nm to 790 nm, from 775 nm to 780 nm, from 780 nm to 785 nm, from 780 nm to 795 nm, from 785 nm to 790 nm, from 790 nm to 795 nm, from 795 nm to 800 nm, from 800 nm to 805 nm, or from 805 nm to 810 nm.
  • 785 nm e.g., from 770 nm to 795 nm
  • the fluorophore molecule has an optimal excitation spectrum at around 785 nm (e.g., from 770 nm to 795 nm), for example,
  • the fluorophore is a fluorescent dye that has an optimal excitiation spectrum at 750 nm, 755 nm, 760 nm, 765 nm, 770 nm, 775 nm, 780 nm, 785 nm, 790 nm, 795 nm, 800 nm, 805 nm, or 810 nm, or any of the foregoing +/- 3 nm, +/- 2 nm, or +/- 1 nm.
  • the fluorophore molecule dependseing on the environment that the fluorophore molecule is in (e.g., surgical bed, tumor tissue, solution, and the like), the fluorophore molecule has an optimal excitation spectrum) from 600 nm to 900 nm.
  • Some other exemplary dyes used in the present disclosure can include near-infrared dyes, such as, but not limited to, DyLight-680, DyLight- 750, VivoTag-750, DyLight-800, IRDye-800, VivoTag-680, Cy5.5, or indocyanine green (ICG).
  • near infrared dyes often include cyanine dyes.
  • fluorescent dyes for use as a conjugating molecule in the present disclosure can include acradine orange or yellow, Alexa Fluors and any derivative thereof, 7- actinomycin D, 8 -anilinonaphthalene-1 -sulfonic acid, ATTO dye and any derivative thereof, auramine-rhodamine stain and any derivative thereof, bensantrhone, bimane, 9-10- bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene, 5,12 - bis(phenylethynyl)naththacene, bisbenzimide, brainbow, calcein, carbodyfluorescein and any derivative thereof, l-chloro-9,10- bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene and any derivative thereof, DAPI, DiOC6, DyLight Fluors and any derivative thereof, epicocconone, ethidium bromide, FlAsH-EDT2, Fluo dye and any derivative thereof, FluoProbe
  • fluorescent dyes include, but are not limited to, fluorescein and fluorescein dyes (e.g., fluorescein isothiocyanine or FITC, naphthofluorescein, 4',5' - dichloro-2',7' -dimethoxyfluorescein, 6-carboxyfluorescein or FAM, etc.), carbocyanine, merocyanine, styryl dyes, oxonol dyes, phycoerythrin, erythrosin, eosin, rhodamine dyes (e.g., carboxytetramethyl-rhodamine or TAMRA, carboxyrhodamine 6G, carboxy-X- rhodamine (ROX), lissamine rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine Green, rhodamine Red, tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), etc.), fluor
  • ALEXA FLUOR dyes e.g., ALEXA FLUOR 350, ALEXA FLUOR 488, ALEXA FLUOR 532, ALEXA FLUOR 546, ALEXA FLUOR 568, ALEXA FLUOR 594, ALEXA FLUOR 633, ALEXA FLUOR 660, ALEXA FLUOR 680, etc.
  • BODIPY dyes e.g., BODIPY FL, BODIPY R6G, BODIPY TMR, BODIP
  • the peak absorption and emission values for a given fluorophore can vary depending on the environment (e.g. solution, tissue, etc.) that the fluorophore is present in as well as the concentration of fluorophore or fluorophore conjugate utilized.
  • H2DCFDA H2-DCF,DCFR 504 540 Lucifer Yellow 423 543
  • APC Allophycocyanin 651 660 Alexa Fluor 660 663 691
  • the conjugate compounds used include a chemiluminescent compound, colloidal metal, luminescent compound, phosphoresecent compound, enzyme, radioisotope, or paramagnetic labels.
  • the conjugates used in the present disclosure can be conjugated to radioactive isotopes instead of or in addition to other types of detectable agents.
  • Certain isotopes suitable for use in the present compounds can include, but are not limited to, iodine- 131, iodine- 125, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lutetium-177, rhenium-186, rhenium-188, yttrium-90, astatine -211, phosphorus-32 and/or samarium-153.
  • the conjugates of the present disclosure contain one or more atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature, including but not limited to hydrogen, carbon, fluorine, phosphorous, copper, gallium, yttrium, technetium, indium, iodine, rhenium, thallium, bismuth, astatine, samarium, and
  • the conjugates of the present disclosure are labeled with a paramagnetic metal ion that is a good contrast enhancer in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
  • MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • paramagnetic metal ions include, but are not limited to, gadolinium III (Gd ), chromium 111 (Cr ), dysprosium III (Dy ), iron 111 (Fe ), manganese II (Mn ), and ytterbium III (Yb ).
  • Gd gadolinium III
  • Cr chromium 111
  • Dy dysprosium III
  • Fe iron 111
  • Mn manganese II
  • Yb ytterbium III
  • the labeling moiety comprises gadolinium III (Gd ).
  • the conjugates used in the present disclosure can be conjugated to biotin.
  • biotin can also act as an affinity handle for retrieval of the peptides from tissues or other locations.
  • the conjugates are conjugated, e.g., to a biotinidase resistant biotin with a PEG linker (e.g., NHS-dPEG4- Biotinidase resistant biotin).
  • fluorescent biotin conjugates that can act both as a detectable label and an affinity handle are used.
  • Non-limiting examples of commercially available fluorescent biotin conjugates can include Atto 425-Biotin, Atto 488-Biotin, Atto 520-Biotin, Atto-550 Biotin, Atto 565-Biotin, Atto 590-Biotin, Atto 610-Biotin, Atto 620- Biotin, Atto 655-Biotin, Atto 680-Biotin, Atto 700-Biotin, Atto 725-Biotin, Atto 740-Biotin, fluorescein biotin, biotin-4-fluorescein, biotin-(5 -fluorescein) conjugate, and biotin-B- phycoerythrin, alexa fluor 488 biocytin, alexa flour 546, alexa fluor 549, lucifer yellow cadaverine biotin-X, Lucifer yellow biocytin, Oregon green 488 biocytin, biotin-rhodamine, and t
  • the chlorotoxin and chlorotoxin variants can be conjugated to moieties, such as detectable labels (e.g., dyes) that can be detected (e.g., visualized) in a subject.
  • detectable labels e.g., dyes
  • the chlorotoxin and/or chlorotoxin variants can be conjugated to detectable labels to enable tracking of the bio-distribution of a conjugated peptide.
  • the detectable labels can include fluorescent dyes.
  • cyanine indocarbocyanine, oxacarbocyanine, thiacarbocyanine, merocyanine, a cyanine dye (e.g., cyanine 2, cyanine 3, cyanine 3.5, cyanine 5, cyanine 5.5, cyanine 7), oxadiazole derivatives, pyridyloxazole, nitrobenzoxadiazole, benzoxadiazole, pyrene derivatives, cascade blue, oxazine derivatives, Nile red, Nile blue, cresyl violet, oxazine 170, acridine derivatives, pro flavin, acridine orange, acridine yellow, arylmethine derivative
  • Some other example dyes include near-infrared dyes, such as, but not limited to, Cy5.5, indocyanine green (ICG), DyLight 750 or IRdye 800.
  • near infrared dyes can include cyanine dyes.
  • chemotherapueutics, anti-cancer drugs, and anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to: radioisotopes, toxins, enzymes, sensitizing drugs, nucleic acids, including interfering RNAs, antibodies, anti-angiogenic agents, cisplatin, antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors, growth factor inhibitors, paclitaxel, temozolomide, topotecan, fluorouracil, vincristine, vinblastine, procarbazine, decarbazine, altretamine, methotrexate, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, fludarabine phosphate, cladribine, pentostatin, cytarabine, azacitidine, etoposide, teniposide, irinotecan, docetaxel, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dactinomycin, idarubicin, plicamycin
  • Suitable diagnostic agents can include agents that provide for the detection by fluorescence methods as well as methods other than fluorescence imaging.
  • Other suitable diagnostic agents can include radiolabels (e.g., radio isotopically labeled compounds) such as 125 1, 14 C, and 31 P, among others; and magnetic resonance imaging agents.
  • Suitable targeting agents can include antibodies, polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, fatty acids, lipids, glycolipids, sterols, vitamins, cofactors, hormones, neurotransmitters, and metabolites.
  • compositions used can include the modified chlorotoxin peptide conjugates as provided.
  • compositions used can include chlorotoxin variants or cholorotoxin peptide variants as discussed herein.
  • the composition used can include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for delivery of the modified chlorotoxin peptide conjugate. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents can include saline or dextrose for injection.
  • the presently described compounds used can further comprise a detectable label, which can be used for the detection of the peptide-label conjugate and the cancerous cells to which they are bound.
  • compounds used in the present dislcosure can have the structure of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkyl ene
  • L is C 1 -C 10 alkylene;
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 1J are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and
  • R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-aryl-A 5 , -(L 5 )-heteroaryl, - (L 5 )-heteroaryl-A 5 , -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, or -NR 10 -;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl
  • R 19 and R 20 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • x is 0 or 1 ;
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof and the others of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 are each independently absent, hydrogen, -COOH, or sulfonate.
  • the presently described compounds used can further comprise a detectable label, which can be used for the detection of the peptide-label conjugate and the cancerous cells to which they are bound.
  • compounds used in the present dislcosure have the structure of Formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkyl ene
  • L is C 1 -C 10 alkylene
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 1J are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and
  • R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-aryl-A 5 , -(L 5 )-heteroaryl, - (L 5 )-heteroaryl-A 5 , -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, or -NR 10 -;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl
  • R 19 and R 20 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 1 and are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, sulfonate, or
  • R 1 and are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered aryl;
  • R J are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, sulfonate, or
  • R J and are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered aryl;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • x is 0 or 1 ;
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof and the others of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 are each independently absent, hydrogen, -COOH, or sulfonate.
  • the compounds used in the present disclosure have a structure of Formula (III), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, Ci-C 6 alkylene-sulfonate, -COOH, -SO2-NH2, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, sulfonate, amine or -COOH
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkyl ene
  • L is C 1 -C 1 0 alkylene
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R and R are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-aryl-R 21 ,-(L 5 )-heteroaryl, - (L 5 )-heteroaryl-R 21 , -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, -NR 10 -;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl
  • R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 21 is hydrogen, sulfonate, or -COOH
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • a 4 is a polypeptide having at least 80% sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • compounds used in the present disclosure have a structure of Formula (V), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R , R , R , R , R , R°, R', R" , R , and R 1C ' are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, -COOH, -S0 2 -N3 ⁇ 4, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, sulfonate, or -COOH, or Ci-Cio alkyl
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkyl ene
  • L is C 1 -C 10 alkylene
  • L is hydrogen, sulfonate, -COOH, C 1 -C 10 alkyl
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 1J are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-heteroaryl, -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • L 5 is a bond, C 1 -C 10 alkylene, -0-, -NR 10 -;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl;
  • R and R are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • x is 0 or 1 ;
  • a 1 is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • compounds used in the present disclosure have a structure of Formula (VI), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, -COOH, -S0 2 -NH 2 , or Ci-C 6 alkoxy;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, sulfonate, or -COOH, or Ci-Cio alkyl
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkyl ene;
  • L is Ci-Cio alkylene;
  • L is hydrogen, sulfonate, -COOH, or Ci-Cio alkyl
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 1J are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-heteroaryl, -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, -NR 10 -;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl
  • R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • x is 0 or 1 ;
  • A is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • compounds used in the present disclosure have a structure of Formula (VII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R , R , R R , R , R°, R', R 3 ⁇ 4 , R , and R 1C ' are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, -COOH, -S0 2 -N3 ⁇ 4, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy;
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkyl ene
  • L is C1-C10 alkylene
  • L is hydrogen, sulfonate, -COOH, or C 1 -C 10 alkyl
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 1J are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkylene, -(L 5 )-aryl, -(L 5 )-heteroaryl, -NR 17 R 18 , R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5- membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl
  • R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • x is 0 or 1 ;
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, -NR 10 -;
  • A is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • compounds used in the present disclosure have a structure Formula (VIII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, Ci-C 6 alkylene-COOH, sulfonate, -COOH, -S0 2 -N3 ⁇ 4, or Ci-C 6 alkoxy;
  • R 9 is hydrogen, sulfonate, or -COOH
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkylene
  • L is C1-C10 alkylene;
  • L 4 is a bond, -heterocyclyl-, or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-;
  • R 10 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 11 is hydrogen or Ci-C 6 alkyl
  • R 1 and R 1J are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, or R and R are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • R 14 is -(L 5 )-aryl-A 5 , or -(L 5 )-heteroaryl-A 5 ;
  • L 5 is a bond, Ci-Cio alkylene, -0-, -NR 10 -;
  • R 17 and R 18 are each independently hydrogen or aryl
  • R 19 and R 20 are independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-C 6 alkyl, R 14 and R 19 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, or R 14 and R 20 are joined together along with the other atoms to which they are attached to form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • p 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • q 0, 1, 2, or 3;
  • x is 0 or 1 ;
  • a 4 is hydrogen, -COOH, or sulfonate
  • a 5 is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • a 1 , A2 , and A 3 are absent.
  • a 5 is hydrogen.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently Ci-C 6 alkyl.
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently methyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently selected from hydrogen or sulfonate.
  • R 1 , R2 , R 7 , R 8 , R 15 , and R 16 are each independently hydrogen.
  • R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 19 , R 20 are each independently hydrogen.
  • R and R join together along with the atoms to which they are
  • L 1 is C3-C6 alkylene. In other aspects, L 1 is C3-C5 alkylene. In still other aspects, L 1 is propylene. In still other aspects, L 1 is butylene. In other aspects, L 1 is pentylene. In some aspects, L 2 is C3-C6 alkylene. In other aspects, L 2 is propylene. In still other aspects, L 2 is
  • R 14 is hydrogen. In other aspects, R 14 is -(L 5 )-aryl. In still other aspects, R 14 is -(L 5 )-aryl-A 5 .
  • R is hydrogen. In certain aspects, R is hydrogen. In some aspects, R is hydrogen. In some aspects, R 3 is methyl. In certain aspects, R 4 is methyl. In some aspects, R 5 is methyl. In certain aspects R 6 is methyl. In some aspects, R 7 is hydrogen. In certain aspects, R 8 is hydrogen. In some aspects, R 12 is hydrogen. In certain aspects, R 13 is hydrogen. In some aspects, R 14 is hydrogen. In certain aspects, R 19 is hydrogen. In some aspects, R 20 is hydrogen. In certain aspects, R 10 is hydrogen. In some aspects, R 11 is hydrogen.
  • R and R are independently phenyl.
  • L is
  • L is pentylene. In some aspects, L is selected from a bond, -0-,
  • L 3 is a bond.
  • L 4 is -heterocyclyl- or -heterocyclyl-Ci-Ce alkylene-. In further aspects, L 4 is -piperizinyl-(Ci-C6 alkylene)-. In still further aspects,
  • p is 1. In certain aspects, q is 1.
  • the compound used has the structure of any one of Formulas (IX),
  • the compound has the structures of any one of Formulas (IX), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIII), (XIV), (XV), or (XVI), wherein A 4 is a polypeptide.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 87% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 92% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 95%> sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 97% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having 100%) sequence identity with
  • MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • one of A , A , A , or A is a polypeptide having the sequence MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof.
  • the fragment of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 has a length of at least 25 amino acid residues. In further aspects, the fragment of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 has a length of at least 27 amino acid residues. In still further aspects, the fragment of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 has a length of at least 29 amino acid residues. In still further aspects, the fragment of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 has a length of at least 31 amino acid residues. In still further aspects, the fragment of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 has a length of at least 33 amino acid residues.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 85%> sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof having the tumor cell binding affinity of native chloro toxin.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof having about the same the tumor cell binding affinity of native chlorotoxin.
  • one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 is a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity with MCMPCFTTDHQMARRCDDCCGGRGRGKCYGPQCLCR (SEQ ID NO: 9) or a fragment thereof having the tumor cell binding affinity of native chlorotoxin wherein one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , or A 5 has a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 485.
  • the polypeptide contains no lysine residues. In some aspects, the polypeptide used comprises at least one lysine amino acid residue. In certain aspects, the polypeptide comprises a single lysine amino acid residue. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises one, two, or three lysine amino acid residues. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises a lysine residue at the position corresponding to K-27 of native chlorotoxin. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises a lysine residue at the position corresponding to K- 23 of native chlorotoxin. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises a lysine residue at the position corresponding to K-15 of native chlorotoxin.
  • one or more of the amino acids of the polypeptide used is substituted with a non-naturally occurring amino acid residue.
  • the non-naturally occurring amino acid residue is a citrulline amino acid residue.
  • L is attached to A 4 at a citrulline amino acid residue of the polypeptide.
  • L 3 is attached to A 4 at a lysine amino acid residue of the polypeptide. In certain aspects, L 3 is attached to A 4 at the N-terminus of the polypeptide. In some aspects,
  • L is attached to A at the C-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • R is attached to A 1 at a lysine amino acid residue of the peptide, a citrulline amino acid residue of the polypeptide, the N-terminus of the polypeptide, or the C-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • the R is attached to A at a lysine amino acid residue of the polypeptide, a citrulline amino acid residue of the polypeptide, the N-terminus of the polypeptide, or the C-terminus
  • the R is attached to A at a lysine amino acid residue of the polypeptide, a citrulline amino acid residue of the polypeptide, the N-terminus of the polypeptide, or the C-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • the aryl is attached to A 5 at a lysine amino acid residue of the polypeptide, a citrulline amino acid residue of the polypeptide, the N-terminus of the polypeptide, or the C-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • the compound used has the structure of any one of compounds 1 to 60 as found in TABLE 2, in which A is a peptide portion and can comprise any of the peptides described herein, such as any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 485.
  • the compound used has the structure of any one of compounds 1 to 60 as found in TABLE 2, in which A is a peptide fragment and can comprise a fragment of any of the peptides described herein, such as any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 485.
  • the fragment of the polypeptide has a length of at least 25 residues.
  • the compound used is conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG), hydroxyethyl starch, polyvinyl alcohol, a water soluble polymer, a zwitterionic water soluble polymer, a water soluble poly(amino acid), an albumin derivative, or a fatty acid.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • hydroxyethyl starch polyvinyl alcohol
  • a water soluble polymer a zwitterionic water soluble polymer
  • a water soluble poly(amino acid) an albumin derivative
  • a fatty acid or a fatty acid
  • the polypeptide used has an isoelectric point of from 5.5 to 9.5. In some aspects, the polypeptide has an isoelectric point of from 7.5 to 9.0. In some aspects, the polypeptide has an isoelectric point of from 8.0 to 9.0. In some aspects, the polypeptide has an isoelectric point of from 8.5 to 9.0. In some aspects, the polypeptide is basic and has an isoelectric point of greater than 7.5.
  • the polypeptide has an isoelectric point of about 6.0, about 6.1, about 6.2, about 6.3, about 6.4, about 6.5, about 6.6, about 6.7, about 6.8, about 6.9, about 7.0, about 7.1, about 7.2, about 7.3, about 7.4, about 7.5, about 7.6, about 7.7, about 7.8, about 7.9, about 8.0, about 8.1, about 8.2, about 8.3, about 8.4, about 8.5, about 8.6, about 8.7, about 8.8, about 8.9, or about 9.0.
  • the polypeptide comprises an isoelectric point of at least 5.5, at least 6.0, at least 6.5, at least 7.0, at least 7.5, at least 8.0, at least 8.5, at least 9.0, or at least 9.5.
  • the polypeptide used comprises at least eight cysteine amino acid residues. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises eight cysteine amino acid residues. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises four disulfide bonds. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises from six to seven cysteine amino acid residues. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises three disulfide bonds. In some aspects, the polypeptide comprises at least 1 disulfide bond, at least 2 disulfide bonds, at least 3 disulfide bonds, at least 4 disulfide bonds, at least 5 disulfide bonds, or at least 6 disulfide bonds. In some aspects, the spacing between the cysteine amino acid residues in the polypeptide is about the same as in native chlorotoxin. In some aspects, the distribution of charge on the surface of the polypeptide is about the same as in native chlorotoxin.
  • the N-terminus of the polypeptide is blocked by acetylation or cyclization.
  • one or more of the methionine amino acid residues used is replaced with an amino acid residue selected from isoleucine, threonine, valine, leucine, serine, glycine, alanine, or a combination thereof.
  • one, two, or three methionine residues of the polypeptide are replaced with other amino acids.
  • each amino acid of the polypeptide is independently selected as an L- or D-enantiomer.
  • the compound used is capable of passing across the blood brain barrier.
  • the compound used further comprises a therapeutic agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to the therapeutic agent.
  • the compound used further comprises a therapeutic agent attached to A.
  • the therapeutic agent is a cytotoxic agent.
  • the therapeutic agent comprises a radioisotype, toxin, enzyme, sensitizing drug, radiosensitizer, nucleic acid, interfering RNA, antibody, antibody fragment, aptamer, anti-angiogenic agent, cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, anti-metabolite, mitotic inhibitor, growth factor inhibitor, cytotoxin, microtubule disrupting agent, DNA modifying agent, maytansine derivative, auristatin derivative, dolostatin derivative, monomethyl auristatin E, monomethyl auristatin F, DM1,
  • the compound of the composition used is any suitable compound described herein.
  • the compound of the composition further comprises an agent.
  • the compound comprises a detectable agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to an agent.
  • the polypeptide is conjugated to a detectable agent.
  • a detectable agent is a detectable label.
  • a detectable agent comprises a dye, a fluorophore, a fluorescent biotin compound, a luminescent compound, a chemiluminescent compound, a radioisotope, a paramagnetic metal ion, or a combination thereof.
  • the polypeptide comprises a single lysine residue and the agent is conjugated to the polypeptide at the single lysine residue. In some embodiments, the polypeptide comprises no lysine residues and the agent is conjugated to the polypeptide at the N-terminus of the polypeptide.
  • the peptide portion A in compounds 1-60 can comprise any of the peptides described herein, such as any one of SEQ ID NO: 1-SEQ ID NO: 485.
  • the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 5 attached at K-27 to any one of compounds 1-60.
  • the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 6 attached at K-27 to any one of compounds 1-60.
  • the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 8 attached at K-27 to any one of compounds 1-60.
  • the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 9 attached at K-27 to any one of compounds 1-60.
  • the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 11 attached at K-23 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 12 attached at K-23 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 13 attached at K-15 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 16 attached at K-15 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 20 attached at K-23 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 21 attached at K-23 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO. 22 attached at K-15 to any one of compounds 1-60. In some embodiments, the peptide portion A is SEQ ID NO: 25 attached at K-15 to any one of compounds 1-60.
  • Citrulline is designated as "Cit” in the sequences.
  • Cit Citrulline

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et des formulations comprenant des composés conjugués de chlorotoxine, notamment des composés natifs et des variants modifiés du peptide chlorotoxine conjugués à des agents détectables ou à des agents actifs. L'invention concerne également des méthodes de détection et de traitement d'un cancer du sein à carcinome canalaire in situ, d'un cancer du sein à carcinome canalaire invasif, d'un carcinome lobulaire in situ, d'un carcinome lobulaire invasif, et d'un cancer du sein triple négatif à l'aide de composés conjugués de chlorotoxine, notamment des procédés d'imagerie de tissus et de cellules tumoraux.
EP17783337.3A 2016-04-15 2017-04-14 Méthodes de traitement du cancer du sein Pending EP3442555A4 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106957356A (zh) * 2010-05-11 2017-07-18 弗雷德哈钦森癌症研究中心 氯毒素变体、缀合物及其使用方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102844044B (zh) * 2010-02-04 2016-10-26 摩尔弗泰克有限公司 氯毒素多肽和结合物及其应用
RU2015126651A (ru) * 2012-12-10 2017-01-16 Фред Хатчинсон Кэнсер Рисёрч Сентер Способы скрининга
EP3046572A4 (fr) * 2013-09-17 2017-06-28 Blaze Bioscience, Inc. Conjugués de chlorotoxine et procédés pour les utiliser

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106957356A (zh) * 2010-05-11 2017-07-18 弗雷德哈钦森癌症研究中心 氯毒素变体、缀合物及其使用方法
US10822381B2 (en) 2010-05-11 2020-11-03 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Chlorotoxin variants, conjugates, and methods for their use

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