Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
  • C11D3/225—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin etherified, e.g. CMC

Definitions

• nonionic cellulose ethers are in general used as thickening agents for regulating the viscosity of the liquid cleaning compositions.
• the present invention relates to a liquid composition for the cleaning of hard surfaces, in the following also referred to as "the composition” or " the liquid composition", said composition comprising at least one nonionic surfactant and/or at least one anionic surfactant as well as comprising a nonionic cellulose ether selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose or combinations thereof, wherein the liquid composition has a pH value of from 5 to 13 and a method for its preparation.
• the present invention further relates to the use of a nonionic cellulose ether selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose or combinations thereof for improving the soil removal capacity of hard surface cleaning compositions.
• a nonionic cellulose ether selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose or combinations thereof for improving the soil removal capacity of hard surface cleaning compositions.
• the liquid compositions according to the present invention comprise at least one nonionic cellulose ether selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose or combinations thereof.
• the methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose compounds are manufactured by heating cellulose fibers with caustic solution which in turn is treated with methyl chloride, yielding the methyl ether of cellulose.
• Methyl cellulose is made using only methyl chloride.
• propylene oxide is used in addition to methyl chloride to obtain hydroxypropyl substitution on the anhydroglucose units.
• This substituent group, -OCH 2 CH(OH)-CH 3 contains a secondary hydroxyl on the number two carbon. The number of substituent groups on the anhydroglucose units influences the solubility properties of the cellulose ether.
• the methyl celluloses and hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses have a sufficient degree of methoxyl or methoxyl/hydroxypropyl substitution to cause them to be water-soluble.
• Methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are commercially available in a number of viscosity grades from Dow Chemical as their METHOCEL trademark series. Particularly preferred is methyl cellulose commercially available under the tradenames Methocel 40-101, Methocel 40-100 and Methocel 40-202.
• Hydroxyethyl cellulose is manufactured similarly to methyl cellulose. However, ethylene oxide is used instead of methylene chloride. Hydroxyethyl cellulose is commercially available in a number of viscosity grades from Dow Chemical as their CELLOSIZE trademark series and from Ashland under the Natrosol trademark. Particularly preferred is CELLOSIZE HEC and Natrosol.
• the hydroxyethyl methylcellulose is manufactured similarly to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. However, ethylene oxide is used in addition to methyl chloride to obtain hydroxyethyl substitution on the anhydroglucose units. Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose is commercially available in a number of viscosity grades from Dow Chemical as their WALOCEL trademark series. Particularly preferred is the hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether commercially available under the tradename MW 40000 PFV.
• the composition according to the invention preferably contains the nonionic cellulose ethers in a total quantity of 0.05 to 5 wt.-%, more preferably 0.5 to 1 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition, whereby one or more of the specifically mentioned nonionic cellulose ethers can be present.
• one compound selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose is present in 0.05 to 5 wt.-%, more preferably 0.5 to 1 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• composition according to the invention preferably contains surfactants in a total quantity of normally 0.1 to 60% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.75 to 20% by weight, most preferably 1 to 10% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 1 to 5% by weight, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% by weight or a range created by the combination of two amounts from the before-mentioned list.
• the liquid composition according to the present invention further comprises at least one nonionic surfactant and/or at least one anionic surfactant.
• the composition comprises at least one nonionic surfactant, more preferably the composition further comprises a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether.
• the composition may further comprise a cationic or amphoteric surfactant or mixtures thereof.
• alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates and amphoteric surfactants are further contained to improve cleaning performance, drainage behavior and/or drying behavior.
• composition according to the present invention preferably contains at least one anionic surfactant, preferably comprising an alkyl ether sulfate, an alkyl sulfonate or combinations thereof.
• composition according to the invention may contain one or more nonionic surfactants in a quantity of typically 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, most preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, for example 1 % by weight.
• Nonionic surfactants in the context of the invention are alkoxylates, such as polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkyl phenol polyglycol ethers, end-capped polyglycol ethers, mixed ethers and hydroxy mixed ethers and fatty acid polyglycol esters.
• Block polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid polyglycol ethers are also suitable.
• Important classes of nonionic surfactants according to the invention are also the amine oxides and the sugar surfactants, more particularly the alkyl polyglucosides.
• fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 10-22 alcohols alkoxylated with ethylene oxide (EO) and/or propylene oxide (PO) with a degree of alkoxylation of up to 30, preferably ethoxylated C 10-18 fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation of less than 30, preferably with a degree of ethoxylation of 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 12, most preferably 1 to 8 and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 2 to 5, for example C 12-14 fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 2, 3 or 4 EO or a mixture of the C 12-14 fatty alcohol ethoxylates with 3 and 4 EO in a ratio by weight of 1 to 1 or isotridecyl alcohol ethoxylate with 5, 8 or 12 EO.
• EO ethylene oxide
• PO propylene oxide
• suitable amine oxides include alkyl amine oxides, more particularly alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, alkylamidoamine oxides and alkoxyalkyl amine oxides.
• Preferred amine oxides correspond to formula II: R 6 R 7 R 8 N + -O - (II) R 6 -[CO-NH-(CH 2 ) w ] z -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-O - (II) in which R 6 is a saturated or unsaturated C 6-22 alkyl group, preferably a C 8-18 alkyl group, more preferably a saturated C 10-16 alkyl group, for example a saturated C 12-14 alkyl group which, in the alkylamidoamine oxides, is attached to the nitrogen atom via a carbonylamidoalkylene group -CO-NH-(CH 2 ) z - and, in the alkoxyalkyl amine oxides, via an oxa-alkylene group -O
• Suitable amine oxides are the following compounds identified by their INCI names: Almondamidopropylamine Oxide, Babassuamidopropylamine Oxide, Behenamine Oxide, Cocamidopropyl Amine Oxide, Cocamidopropylamine Oxide, Cocamine Oxide, Coco-Morpholine Oxide, Decylamine Oxide, Decyltetradecylamine Oxide, Diaminopyrimidine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl C 8 -10 Alkoxypropylamine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl C 9-11 Alkoxypropylamine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl C 12-15 Alkoxypropylamine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl Cocamine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl Lauramine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl Stearamine Oxide, Dihydroxyethyl Tallowamine Oxide, Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Amine Oxide, Hydrogenated Tallowamine Oxide, Hydroxyethyl Hydroxypropyl C 12-15 Al
• Sugar surfactants are known surface-active compounds which include, for example, the sugar surfactant classes of alkyl glucose esters, aldobionamides, gluconamides (sugar acid amides), glycerol amides, glycerol glycolipids, polyhydroxyfatty acid amide sugar surfactants (sugar amides) and alkyl polyglycosides described, for example, in WO 97/00609 A1 (Henkel Corporation) and the publications cited therein (pages 4 to 12) to which reference is explicitly made in this regard and of which the disclosure is hereby included in the present application.
• sugar surfactant classes include, for example, the sugar surfactant classes of alkyl glucose esters, aldobionamides, gluconamides (sugar acid amides), glycerol amides, glycerol glycolipids, polyhydroxyfatty acid amide sugar surfactants (sugar amides) and alkyl polyglycosides described, for example,
• preferred sugar surfactants are the alkyl polyglycosides and the sugar amides and their derivatives, more particularly their ethers and esters.
• the ethers are the products of the reaction of one or more, preferably one, sugar hydroxy group with a compound containing one or more hydroxy groups, for example C 1-22 alcohols or glycols, such as ethylene and/or propylene glycol; the sugar hydroxy group may also carry polyethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol residues.
• the esters are the reaction products of one or more, preferably one, sugar hydroxy group with a carboxylic acid, more particularly a C 6-22 fatty acid.
• Particularly preferred sugar amides correspond to the formula R'C(O)N(R")[Z], where R' is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated acyl group, preferably a linear unsaturated acyl group, containing 5 to 21, preferably 5 to 17, more preferably 7 to 15 and most preferably 7 to 13 carbon atoms, R" is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, preferably a linear unsaturated alkyl group, containing 6 to 22, preferably 6 to 18, more preferably 8 to 16 and most preferably 8 to 14 carbon atoms, a C 1-5 alkyl group, more particularly a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert.butyl or n-pentyl group, or hydrogen and Z is a sugar unit, i.e. a monosaccharide unit.
• Particularly preferred sugar amides are the amides of glucose, the
• alkyl polyglycosides are particularly preferred sugar surfactants for the purposes of the present invention and preferably correspond to the general formula R 1 O(AO) a [G] x , where R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group containing 6 to 22, preferably 6 to 18 and more preferably 8 to 14 carbon atoms, [G] is a glycosidic sugar unit and x is a number of 1 to 10 and AO stands for an alkyleneoxy group, for example an ethyleneoxy or propyleneoxy group, and a stands for the mean degree of alkoxylation of 0 to 20.
• the group (AO) a may also contain various alkyleneoxy units, for example ethyleneoxy or propyleneoxy units, in which case a stands for the mean total degree of alkoxylation, i.e. the sum of the degree of ethoxylation and the degree of propoxylation.
• alkyl groups R 1 of the APGs are linear unsaturated groups with the indicated number of carbon atoms.
• APGs are nonionic surfactants and represent known substances which may be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry.
• the index x indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP degree), i.e. distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and is a number of 1 to 10. Whereas x in a given compound must always be an integer and, above all, may assume a value of 1 to 6, the value x for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined calculated quantity which is generally a broken number.
• Alkyl glycosides having an average degree of oligomerization x of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. Alkyl glycosides having a degree of oligomerization of less than 1.7 and, more particularly, between 1.2 and 1.6 are preferred from the applicational point of view.
• the glycosidic sugar used is preferably xylose but especially glucose.
• the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 may be derived from primary alcohols containing 8 to 18 and preferably 8 to 14 carbon atoms. Typical examples are caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and the technical mixtures thereof obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis.
• the alkyl or alkenyl radical R 1 is preferably derived from lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol and may also be derived from elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and technical mixtures thereof.
• preferred alkyl polyglycosides are, for example, C 8-10 and a C 12-14 alkyl polyglucoside with a DP degree of 1.4 or 1.5, more particularly C 8-10 alkyl-1,5-glucoside and C 12 -14 alkyl-1,4-glucoside.
• alkyl ether sulfates and alkyl sulfonates and the other anionic surfactants are normally used in the form of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and/or mono-, di- or trialkanolammonium salts and/or in the form of the corresponding acids to be neutralized with the corresponding alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxide and/or mono-, di or trialkanolamine.
• Preferred alkali metals are potassium and in particular sodium
• preferred alkaline earth metals are calcium and in particular magnesium and preferred alkanolamines are mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
• the sodium salts are particularly preferred.
• Alkyl ether sulfates are products of sulfation reactions on alkoxylated alcohols.
• Alkoxylated alcohols are generally understood by the expert to be the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols -in the context of the invention preferably with relatively long-chain alcohols, i.e. with aliphatic straight-chain or single- or multiple-branch, acyclic or cyclic, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, preferably straight-chain, acyclic saturated alcohols containing 6 to 22, preferably 8 to 18, more preferably 10 to 16 and most preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• Another embodiment of the alkoxylation consists in using mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
• composition according to the invention can contain one or more alkyl ether sulfates in a quantity of-typically-0.1 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, more preferably more than 1 to 15% by weight, most preferably 2 to 10% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 2.5 to 8% by weight.
• the alkyl sulfonates normally contain an aliphatic, straight-chain or single- or multiple-branch, acyclic or cyclic, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, preferably branched, acyclic, saturated alkyl group containing 6 to 22, preferably 9 to 20, more preferably 11 to 18 and most preferably 13 to 17 carbon atoms.
• suitable alkyl sulfonates are the saturated alkane sulfonates, the unsaturated olefin sulfonates and the ether sulfonates (formally derived from the alkoxylated alcohols on which the alkyl ether sulfates are also based) where terminal ester sulfonates (n-ether sulfonates) with the sulfonate function attached to the polyether chain and internal ester sulfonates (i-ester sulfonates) with the sulfonate function attached to the alkyl group.
• the alkane sulfonates more particularly alkane sulfonates with a branched, preferably secondary, alkyl group, for example the secondary alkanesulfonate sec. Na C 13-17 alkane sulfonate (INCI Sodium C 14-17 Alkyl Sec. Sulfonate), are preferred.
• composition according to the invention preferably contains one or more alkyl sulfonates in a quantity of - typically - 0.1 to less than 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to less than 14% by weight, most preferably 3 to 10% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 4 to 8% by weight.
• composition according to the invention may contain one or more anionic surfactants in a quantity of typically 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, most preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, for example 1 % by weight.
• Suitable anionic surfactants in addition to the abovementioned ones are, in particular, aliphatic sulfates, such as fatty alcohol sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates and ester sulfonates (sulfofatty acid esters), lignin sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, fatty acid cyanamides, anionic sulfosuccinic acid surfactants, fatty acid isethionates, acylaminoalkane sulfonates (fatty acid taurides), fatty acid sarcosinates, ether carboxylic acids and alkyl (ether) phosphates.
• aliphatic sulfates such as fatty alcohol sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates and ester sulfonates (sulfofatty acid esters), lignin sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulf
• Suitable anionic surfactants also include anionic gemini surfactants with a diphenyl oxide basic structure, two sulfonate groups and an alkyl group on one or both benzene rings corresponding to the formula - O 3 S(C 6 H 3 R)O(C 6 H 3 R')SO 3 - in which R is an alkyl group containing, for example, 6, 10, 12 or 16 carbon atoms and R' stands for R or H (Dowfax® Dry Hydrotrope Powder containing C 16 alkyl group(s); INCI: Sodium Hexyldiphenyl Ether Sulfonate, Disodium Decyl Phenyl Ether Disulfonate, Disodium Lauryl Phenyl Ether Disulfonate, Disodium Cetyl Phenyl Ether Disulfonate) and fluorinated anionic surfactants, more particularly perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates, such as ammonium C 9/10 perfluoroalkyl sulf
• anionic surfactants are the anionic sulfosuccinic acid surfactants sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamates and sulfosuccinamides, more particularly sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates and most preferably sulfosuccinates.
• the sulfosuccinates are the salts of the mono- and diesters of sulfosuccinic acid HOOCCH(SO 3 H)CH 2 COOH while the sulfosuccinamates are understood to be the salts of the monoamides of sulfosuccinic acid and the sulfosuccinamides are understood to be the salts of the diamides of sulfosuccinic acid.
• anionic surfactants is provided by A. Domsch and B. Irrgang in Anionic Surfactants: Organic Chemistry (edited by H. W. Stache; Surfactant Science Series; Volume 56; ISBN 0-8247-9394-2; Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 1996, pages 501-549 ).
• the salts are preferably alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and mono-, di- and trialkanolammonium salts, for example mono-, di- and triethanolammonium salts, more particularly lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium salts, more preferably sodium and ammonium salts and most preferably sodium salts.
• one or both carboxyl groups of the sulfosuccinic acid is/are preferably esterified with one or two identical or different unbranched, branched, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, optionally alkoxylated alcohols containing 4 to 22, preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 8 to 18, most preferably 10 to 16 and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• esters of unbranched and/or saturated and/or acyclic and/or alkoxylated alcohols more particularly unbranched saturated fatty alcohols and/or unbranched saturated fatty alcohols alkoxylated with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with a degree of alkoxylation of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, more preferably 1 to 10, most preferably 1 to 6 and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 1 to 4.
• the monoesters are preferable to the diesters.
• a particularly preferred sulfosuccinate is sulfosuccinic acid lauryl polyglycol ester disodium salt (lauryl-EO-sulfosuccinate, disodium salt, INCI Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate) which is commercially obtainable, for example, as Tego® Sulfosuccinat F30 (Goldschmidt) with a sulfosuccinate content of 30% by weight.
• one or both carboxyl groups of the sulfosuccinic acid preferably form a carboxylic acid amide with a primary or secondary amine which carries one or two identical or different, unbranched or branched, saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, optionally alkoxylated alkyl groups containing 4 to 22, preferably 6 to 20, more preferably 8 to 18, most preferably 10 to 16 and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates referred to by their INCI names which are described in more detail in International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook: Ammonium Dinonyl Sulfosuccinate, Ammonium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate, Diammonium Dimethicone Copolyol Sulfosuccinate, Diammonium Lauramido-MEA Sulfosuccinate, Diammonium Lauryl Sulfosuccinate, Diammonium Oleamido PEG-2 Sulfosuccinate, Diamyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dicapryl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dicyclohexyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Diheptyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dihexyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Diisobutyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dioctyl Sodium Sulfos
• Preferred anionic sulfosuccinic acid surfactants are imidosuccinate, mono-Na-sulfosuccinic acid diisobutyl ester (Monawet( MB 45), mono-Na-sulfosuccinic acid dioctyl ester (Monawet® MO-84 R2W, Rewopol® SB DO 75), mono-Na-sulfosuccinic acid di-tridecyl ester (Monawet® MT 70), fatty alcohol polyglycol sulfosuccinate-Na-NH 4 salt (sulfosuccinate, S-2), di-Na-sulfosuccinic acid mono-C 12-14 -3EO ester (Texapon® SB-3), sodium sulfosuccinic acid diisooctyl ester (Texin® DOS 75) and di-Na-sulfosuccinic acid mono-C 12/18 ester (Texin® 1
• the composition according to the invention contains one or more sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamates and/or sulfosuccinamides, preferably sulfosuccinates and/or sulfosuccinamates, more preferably sulfosuccinates, in a quantity of typically 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, most preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, for example 1% by weight.
• amphoteric surfactants which may be used in accordance with the invention include betaines, alkyl amidoalkyl amines, alkyl-substituted amino acids, acylated amino acids and biosurfactants, of which the betaines are preferred for the purposes of the invention.
• composition according to the invention preferably contains one or more amphoteric surfactants in a quantity of typically 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably 2 to 12% by weight, most preferably 3 to 10% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 4 to 8% by weight.
• Suitable betaines are the alkyl betaines, the alkylamidobetaines, the imidazolinium betaines, the sulfobetaines (INCI Sultaines) and the phosphobetaines and preferably correspond to formula I: R 1 -[CO-X-(CH 2 ) n ] x -N + (R 2 )(R 3 )-(CH 2 ) m -[CH(OH)-CH 2 ] y -Y - (1) in which
• Preferred amphoteric surfactants are the alkyl betaines corresponding to formula (Ia), the alkylamidobetaines corresponding to formula (Ib), the sulfobetaines corresponding to formula (Ic) and the amidosulfobetaines corresponding to formula (Id): R 1 -N + (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 COO - (Ia) R 1 -CO-NH-(CH 2 ) 3 -N + (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 COO - (Ib) R 1 -N + (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 SO 3 - (Ic) R 1 -CO-NH-(CH 2 ) 3 -N + (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 SO 3 - (Id) in which R 1 is as defined for formula I.
• amphoteric surfactants are the carbobetaines and more particularly the carbobetaines corresponding to formulae (Ia) and (Ib), the alkylamidobetaines corresponding to formula (Ib) being most particularly preferred.
• betaines and sulfobetaines are the following compounds identified by their INCI names: Almondamidopropyl Betaine, Apricotamidopropyl Betaine, Avocadamidopropyl Betaine, Babassuamidopropyl Betaine, Behenamidopropyl Betaine, Behenyl Betaine, Betaine, Canolamidopropyl Betaine, Capryl/Capramidopropyl Betaine, Carnitine, Cetyl Betaine, Cocamidoethyl Betaine, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Coco-Betaine, Coco-Hydroxysultaine, Coco/Oleamidopropyl Betaine, Coco-Sultaine, Decyl Betaine, Dihydroxyethyl Oleyl Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Soy Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Stearyl Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Tallow Glycinate
• alkylamido alkylamines are amphoteric surfactants corresponding to formula (III): R 9 -CO-NR 10 -(CH 2 ) i -(R 11 )-(CH 2 CH 2 O) j -(CH 2 ) k [CH(OH)] l -CH 2 -Z-OM (III) in which
• alkylamido alkylamines are the following compounds identified by their INCI names: Cocoamphodipropionic Acid, Cocobetainamido Amphopropionate, DEA-Cocoamphodipropionate, Disodium Caproamphodiacetate, Disodium Caproamphodipropionate, Disodium Capryloamphodiacetate, Disodium Capryloamphodipropionate, Disodium Cocoamphocarboxyethylhydroxypropylsulfonate, Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate, Disodium Isostearoamphodiacetate, Disodium Isostearoamphodipropionate, Disodium Laureth-5 Carboxyamphodiacetate, Disodium Lauroamphodiacetate, Disodium Lauroamphodipropionate, Disodium Oleoamphodipropionate, Disodium PPG-2-Isodeceth-7 Carboxyamphodiacetate
• preferred alkyl-substituted amino acids are monoalkyl-substituted amino acids corresponding to formula (IV): R 13 -NH-CH(R 14 )-(CH 2 ) u -COOM' (IV) in which
• alkyl-substituted amino acids are the aminopropionates corresponding to formula (IVa): R 13 -NH-CH 2 CH 2 COOM' (IVa) in which R 13 and M' have the same meanings as in formula (IV).
• alkyl-substituted amino acids are the following compounds identified by their INCI names: Aminopropyl Laurylglutamine, Cocaminobutyric Acid, Cocaminopropionic Acid, DEA-Lauraminopropionate, Disodium Cocaminopropyl Iminodiacetate, Disodium Dicarboxyethyl Cocopropylenediamine, Disodium Lauriminodipropionate, Disodium Steariminodipropionate, Disodium Tallowiminodipropionate, Lauraminopropionic Acid, Lauryl Aminopropylglycine, Lauryl Diethylenediaminoglycine, Myristaminopropionic Acid, Sodium C12-15 Alkoxypropyl Iminodipropionate, Sodium Cocaminopropionate, Sodium Lauraminopropionate, Sodium Lauriminodipropionate, Sodium Lauroyl Methylaminopropionate, TEA-Lauraminopropionat
• Acylated amino acids are amino acids, more particularly the 20 natural ⁇ -amino acids, which carry the acyl group R 19 CO of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid R 19 COOH at the amino nitrogen atom (R 19 being a saturated or unsaturated C 6-22 alkyl group, preferably a C 8-18 alkyl group and more preferably a saturated C 10-16 alkyl group, for example a saturated C 12-14 alkyl group).
• the acylated amino acids may also be used in the form of an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt or alkanolammonium salt, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
• acylated amino acids are the acyl derivatives known collectively by the INCI name of Amino Acids, for example Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Lauroyl Glutamic Acid, Capryloyl Glycine oder Myristoyl Methylalanine.
• One particular embodiment of the invention is characterized by the use of two or more different amphoteric surfactants, more particularly a combination of binary amphoteric surfactants.
• the combination of amphoteric surfactants preferably contains at least one betaine, more particularly at least one alkylamidobetaine and most preferably cocoamidopropylbetaine.
• the combination of amphoteric surfactants preferably contains at least one amphoteric surfactant from the group consisting of sodium carboxyethyl cocophosphoethylimidazoline (Phosphoteric® TC-6), C 8/10 -amidopropyl betaine (INCI Capryl/Capramidopropyl Betaine; Tego® Betaine 810), N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-carboxymethyl fatty acid amidoethylamine Na (Rewoteric® AMV) and N-capryl/capramidoethyl-N-ethylether propionate Na (Rewoteric® AMVSF) and the betaine 3-(3-cocoamido-propyl)-dimethylammonium-2-hydroxypropanesulfonat (INCI S
• composition according to the invention contains one or more amphoteric surfactants in a quantity of 8 to 20 % by weight. In yet another particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention contains one or more amphoteric surfactants in a quantity of between 0.1 to 2% by weight.
• composition according to the invention may additionally contain one or more cationic surfactants (cationic surfactants; INCI Quaternary Ammonium Compounds) in a quantity of typically 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, most preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, for example 1% by weight.
• cationic surfactants cationic surfactants; INCI Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
• Preferred cationic surfactants are the quaternary surface-active compounds, more particularly containing an ammonium, sulfonium, phosphonium, iodonium or arsonium group, which are described as antimicrobial agents, for example, in K. H. Wall conferenceußer's "Praxis der Sterilisation, Desinfetechnisch-Konservtechnik: Keimidentifying-Betriebshygiene” (5th Edition, Stuttgart/New York: Thieme, 1995 ).
• the composition can be given an antimicrobial effect or any antimicrobial activity already present through other ingredients can be improved.
• Particularly preferred cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATS; INCI Quaternary Ammonium Compounds) corresponding to the general formula (R I )(R II )(R III )(R IV )N + X - , in which R' to R IV may be the same or different and represent C 1-22 alkyl groups, C 7-28 aralkyl groups or heterocyclic groups, two or - in the case of an aromatic compound, such as pyridine - even three groups together with the nitrogen atom forming the heterocycle, for example a pyridinium or imidazolinium compound, and X - represents halide ions, sulfate ions, hydroxide ions or similar anions.
• at least one of the substituents preferably has a chain length of 8 to 18 and, more preferably, 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
• QUATS can be obtained by reaction of tertiary amines with alkylating agents such as, for example, methyl chloride, benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, dodecyl bromide and also ethylene oxide.
• alkylating agents such as, for example, methyl chloride, benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, dodecyl bromide and also ethylene oxide.
• alkylation of tertiary amines with one long alkyl chain and two methyl groups is particularly simple.
• the quaternization of tertiary amines containing two long chains and one methyl group can also be carried out under mild conditions using methyl chloride.
• Amines containing three long alkyl chains or hydroxysubstituted alkyl chains lack reactivity and are preferably quaternized with dimethyl sulfate.
• Suitable QUATS are, for example, benzalkonium chloride (N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, CAS No. 8001-54-5 ), benzalkon B (m,p-dichlorobenzyl dimethyl-C 12 -alkyl ammonium chloride, CAS No. 58390-78-6 ), benzoxonium chloride (benzyldodecyl-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium chloride), cetrimonium bromide (N-hexadecyl-N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide, CAS No.
• benzalkonium chloride N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride, CAS No. 8001-54-5
• benzalkon B m,p-dichlorobenzyl dimethyl-C 12 -alkyl ammonium chloride, CAS No. 58390-78-6
• benzetonium chloride N,N-di-methyl-N-[2-[2-[p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenoxy]-ethoxy]-ethyl]-benzyl ammonium chloride, CAS No. 121-54-0
• dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides such as di-n-decyidimethyl ammonium chloride ( CAS No. 7173-51-5-5 ), didecyldimethyl ammonium bromide ( CAS No. 2390-68-3 ), dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 1-cetylpyridinium chloride ( CAS No.
• QUATS are the benzalkonium chlorides containing C 8-18 alkyl groups, more particularly C 12-14 alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.
• a particularly preferred QUAT is cocopentaethoxy methyl ammonium methosulfate (INCI PEG-5 Cocomonium Methosulfate; Rewoquat® CPEM).
• the cationic surfactant used should be compatible with anionic surfactants or should only be used in very small amounts. In one particular embodiment of the invention, no cationic surfactants are used at all.
• the water content of the water-based composition according to the invention is normally 30 to 99.8% by weight, preferably 50 to 99% by weight, more preferably 65 to 95% by weight and most preferably 75 to 90% by weight.
• the composition according to the invention may advantageously contain one or more water-soluble organic solvents in a quantity of typically 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, most preferably 4 to 12% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 6 to 10% by weight.
• the solvent is used in particular as a hydrotropic agent, a viscosity adjuster and/or low-temperature stabilizer according to requirements. It has a solubilizing effect, particularly on surfactants and electrolytes, perfumes and dyes, and thus contributes to their incorporation, prevents the formation of liquid crystalline phases and contributes to the formation of clear products.
• the viscosity of the composition according to the invention decreases with increasing solvent content. However, too much solvent can produce a fall in viscosity. Finally, the cold cloud and clear point of the composition according to the invention decreases with increasing solvent content.
• Suitable solvents are, for example, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, branched or unbranched C 1-20 hydrocarbons, preferably C 2-15 hydrocarbons, containing at least one hydroxy group and optionally one or more ether functions C-O-C, i.e. oxygen atoms interrupting the carbon atom chain.
• Preferred solvents are the C 2-6 alkylene glycols and poly-C 2-3 -alkylene glycol ethers, optionally etherified on one side with a C 1-6 alkanol, containing on average 1 to 9 identical or different, preferably identical, alkylene glycol groups per molecule and the C 1-6 alcohols, preferably ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol, more particularly ethanol.
• solvents are the following compounds identified by their INCI names: Alcohol (Ethanol), Buteth-3, Butoxydiglycol, Butoxyethanol, Butoxyisopropanol, Butoxypropanol, n-Butyl Alcohol, t-Butyl Alcohol, Butylene Glycol, Butyloctanol, Diethylene Glycol, Dimethoxydiglycol, Dimethyl Ether, Dipropylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol, Ethoxyethanol, Ethyl Hexanediol, Glycol, Hexanediol, 1,2,6-Hexanetriol, Hexyl Alcohol, Hexylene Glycol, Isobutoxypropanol, Isopentyldiol, Isopropyl Alcohol (iso-Propanol), 3-Methoxybutanol, Methoxydiglycol, Methoxyethanol, Methoxyisopropanol, Methoxymethylbutanol, Methoxy PEG
• Particularly preferred solvents are the poly-C 2-3 -alkylene glycol ethers etherified on one side with a C 1-6 alkanol and containing on average 1 to 9 and preferably 2 to 3 ethylene or propylene glycol groups, for example PPG-2 Methyl Ether (dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether).
• Most particularly preferred solvents are the C 2-3 alcohols ethanol, n-propanol and/or isopropanol, more particularly ethanol.
• suitable solubilizers, particularly for perfume and dyes are, for example, alkanolamines and alkyl benzene sulfonates containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
• the composition according to the invention may contain one or more additives from the group of polymers and builders in a quantity of typically 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 4% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, most preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, for example 1% by weight.
• the content of surface-active additives should preferably be selected so that the total surfactant content lies within the quantity ranges mentioned above.
• Polymers suitable as additives are, in particular, maleic acid/acrylic acid copolymer Na salt (Sokalan® CP 5), modified polyacrylic acid Na salt (Sokalan® CP 10), modified polycarboxylate Na salt (Sokalan® HP 25), polyalkylene oxide, modified heptamethyl trisiloxane (Silwet® L-77), polyalkylene oxide, modified heptamethyl trisiloxane (Silwet® L-7608), polyether siloxanes (copolymers of polymethyl siloxanes with ethylene oxide/propylene oxide segments (polyether blocks), preferably water-soluble linear polyether siloxanes with terminal polyether blocks, such as Tegopren® 5840, Tegopren® 5843, Tegopren® 5847, Tegopren® 5851, Tegopren® 5863 and Tegopren® 5878).
• Builders suitable as additives are, in particular, polyaspartic acid Na salt, ethylene diamine triacetate cocoalkyl acetamide (Rewopol® CHT 12), methyl glycine diacetic acid tri-Na-salt (Trilon® ES 9964) and acetophosphonic acid (Turpinal® SL).
• Mixtures with surface-active or polymeric additives show synergisms in the case of Monawet® MO-84 R2W, Tegopren® 5843 and Tegopren® 5863.
• the use of the Tegopren types 5843 and 5863 is not advised where the compositions according to the invention are used on hard surfaces of glass, particularly glass tableware, because these silicone surfactants can be absorbed onto glass.
• the viscosity favorable for the composition according to the invention is in the range from 10 to 5,000 mPas, preferably in the range from 50 to 2,000 mPa s, more preferably in the range from 100 to 1,000 mPa s, most preferably in the range from 150 to 700 mPas and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, in the range from 200 to 500 mPa s, for example 300 to 400 mPa s.
• the viscosity of the composition according to the invention can be increased by thickeners, particularly where the composition has a low surfactant content, and/or reduced by solvents, particularly where the composition has a high surfactant content.
• composition according to the invention may additionally contain one or more electrolyte salts and/or one or more polymeric thickeners, different from nonionic cellulose ether selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose.
• Electrolyte salts in the context of the present invention are salts which break up into their ionic constituents in the water-based composition according to the invention.
• Preferred salts are the salts, more particularly alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal salts, of an inorganic acid, preferably an inorganic acid from the group consisting of the hydrohalic acids, nitric acid and sulfuric acid, more particularly the chlorides and sulfates.
• a particularly preferred electrolyte salt is magnesium sulfate, more particularly the MgSO 4 7H 2 O also known as Epsom salt and occurring as the mineral epsomite.
• an electrolyte salt may also be used in the form of its corresponding acid/base pair, for example hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide instead of sodium chloride.
• the electrolyte salt content is normally not more than 8% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 6% by weight, more preferably between 0.2 and 4% by weight, most preferably between 0.3 and 2% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, between 0.5 and 1% by weight, for example 0.7% by weight.
• Polymeric thickeners in the context of the present invention are the polycarboxylates with a thickening effect as polyelectrolytes, preferably homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid, more particularly acrylic acid copolymers, such as acrylic acid/methacrylic acid copolymers, and the polysaccharides, more particularly heteropolysaccharides, and other typical thickening polymers.
• Suitable polysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides are the polysaccharide gums, for example gum arabic, agar, alginates, carrageens and salts thereof, guar, guaran, tragacanth, gellan, ramsan, dextran or xanthan and derivatives thereof, for example propoxylated guar, and mixtures thereof.
• Other polysaccharide thickeners such as starches or cellulose derivatives, may be used alternatively, but preferably additionally to a polysaccharide gum, for example starches of varying origin and starch derivatives, for example hydroxyethyl starch, starch phosphate esters and starch acetates or cellulose acetate.
• a particularly preferred polymeric thickener is the microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide xanthan gum which is produced by Xanthomonas campestris and a few other species under aerobic conditions and which has a molecular weight of 2 to 15 ⁇ 10 6 .
• This polymer is obtainable from Kelco, for example, under the name of Keltrol®, for example as the cream-colored powder Keltrol® T (transparent) or the white granules Keltrol® RD (readily dispersible).
• Acrylic acid polymers suitable as polymeric thickeners are, for example, the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, more particularly an allyl ether of sucrose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI Carbomer), which are also known as carboxyvinyl polymers.
• Polyacrylic acids such as these are obtainable inter alia from B.F. Goodrich under the name of Carbopol®, for example Carbopol® 940 (molecular weight ca. 4,000,000 g/mol), Carbopol® 941 (molecular weight ca. 1,250,000 g/mol) or Carbopol® 934 (molecular weight ca. 3,000,000 g/mol).
• acrylic acid copolymers are the following acrylic acid copolymers: (i) copolymers of two or more monomers from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple esters preferably formed with C 1-4 alkanols (INCI Acrylates Copolymer), which include for example the copolymers of methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate ( CAS 250235-69-2 ) or of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate ( CAS 25852-37-3 ) and which are obtainable, for example, from Rohm & Haas under the names of Aculyn® and Acusol®, for example the anionic non-associative polymers Aculyn® 33 (crosslinked), Acusol® 810 and Acusol® 830 ( CAS 25852-37-3 ); (ii) crosslinked high molecular weight acrylic acid copolymers which include, for example, the copolymers of C 10-30 alkyl acrylates-crosslinked
• Carbopol® for example the hydrophobicized Carbopol® ETD 2623 and Carbopol® 1382 (INCI Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) and Carbopol® AQUA 30 (formerly Carbopol® EX 473).
• the polymeric thickener content is normally not more than 8% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 7% by weight, more preferably between 0.5 and 6% by weight, most preferably between 1 and 5% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, between 1.5 and 4% by weight, for example between 2 and 2.5% by weight.
• the composition is free from further polymeric thickeners, different from a nonionic cellulose ether selected from methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose or combinations thereof.
• one or more dicarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof may be added, advantageously in quantities of 0.1 to 8% by weight, preferably in quantities of 0.5 to 7% by weight, more preferably in quantities of 1.3 to 6% by weight and most preferably in quantities of 2 to 4% by weight.
• a change in the content of dicarboxylic acid (salt), more particularly in quantities above 2% by weight, can contribute to a clear solution of the ingredients.
• the viscosity of the mixture can also be influenced within certain limits by this component.
• this component influences the solubility of the mixture.
• the component in question is used where the surfactant content is high, more particularly above 30% by weight.
• the composition according to the invention is preferably free from dicarboxylic acids (salts).
• auxiliaries and additives particularly in manual dishwashing detergents and cleaners for hard surfaces, more particularly UV stabilizers, perfume, pearlizers (INCI Opacifying Agents; for example glycol distearate, for example Cutina® AGS of Henkel AG & Co.
• KGaA or mixtures containing it, for example the Euperlans® of Henkel KGaA), dyes, corrosion inhibitors, preservatives (for example the technical 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol also known as Bronopol ( CAS 52-51-7 ) which is commercially obtainable from Boots as Boots Bronopol BT) and skin-feel-improving or skin-care additives (for example dermatologically active substances, such as vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, D-panthenol, sericerin, collagen partial hydrolyzate, various vegetable protein partial hydrolyzates, protein hydrolyzate/fatty acid condensates, liposomes, cholesterol, vegetable and animal oils such as, for example, lecithin, soybean oil, etc., plant extracts such as, for example, aloe vera, azulene, hamamelis extracts, algal extracts, etc., allantoin, AHA complexes), may be
• the pH-value of the of the compositions according to the invention may be adjusted with typical pH adjusters, for example acids, such as mineral acids or citric acid, and/or alkalis, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, a pH in the range from 5 to 13, preferably in the range from 7 to 12 and more particularly in the range from 9 to 11 being preferred.
• acids such as mineral acids or citric acid
• alkalis such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
• the composition according to the invention may contain one or more buffers (INCI Buffering Agents) in quantities of typically 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, most preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight and, in one most particularly preferred embodiment, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, for example 0.2% by weight.
• Buffers which are also complexing agents or even chelators (INCI Chelating Agents) are preferred.
• Particularly preferred buffers are citric acid or the citrates, more particularly the sodium and potassium citrates, for example trisodium citrate *2 H 2 O and tripotassium citrate *H 2 O.
• composition according to the invention may be prepared by stirring the individual constituents together in any order.
• the addition sequence is not crucial to the production of the composition.
• Water, surfactants and optionally others of the ingredients mentioned above are preferably stirred together. If perfume and/or dye is/are used, they are subsequently added to the solution obtained. The pH value is then adjusted as described above.
• a standard hard surface cleaning composition (Comparative Example 1) has been compared in view of its dirt removal capacity according to the standard IPP methodology with two compositions according to the present invention.
• the hard surface cleaning composition and the Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention contained (all numeric values are amount in wt.-%, based on the total composition: Compounds Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Fatty alcohol 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0.820 0.820 0.820 0.820 Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid 0.768 0.768 0.768 NaOH 0.1460 0.1460 0.1460 0.1460 Sodium carbonate 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Citric acid 0.110 0.110 0.110 0.110 0.110 Preservative 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 Perfume 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Dye 0.00051 0.00051 0.00051 0.00051 0.00051 HEMC - 0.6 - - HPMC - - 0.6 - HEC - - - 0.6 Water added to 100 wt.-% added to 100 wt.-% added to
• Example 3 The three inventive compositions (Examples 1 to 3) were the same as the standard hard surface cleaning composition (Comparative Example 1) but further comprising 0.6 wt.-% of Walocel MW 40000 PV (hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose; Example 1), 0.6 wt.-% Methocel 40-101 (hydroxy propyl methylcellulose; Example 2), or 0.6 wt.-% Natrosol (hydroxyethyl cellulose; Examle 3).
• the standard IPP methodology is based on the method published in 1986 as IPP quality standards in the journal "Seife-Ole-Fette-Wachse", 112th volume, number 10, pages 371-372 .
• the test dirt which was used is a mixture.
• 42 g soot (special black 4; 7%) were slowly added (everything was done under a fume hood).
• the weight of the mixture was determined.
• the mixture was stirred for 60 minutes at 2000 rpm.
• the mixture was topped up with gasoline in order to reach the weight determined before the stirring step. Again, stirring the final mixture for 15s.
• the mixture is stored in a sealed jar at room temperature, after 7 days the mixture is ready for use. 2g is used per one dirt carrier for the soiling.
• Adhesive Adhesin J1626-21 (Henkel)
• the start and end sheets of every foil roll (each 1 to 2 m) was not used to produce the strips but used to condition the brushes (see below).
• the adhesive was diluted with 30 g of demineralized water per 1000 g adhesive to improve brushability.
• Cut foil sheets with dimensions of app. 650 x 300 x 400 mm were used.
• the foil was placed on the work surface with the smooth side down (this will later be soiled).
• the smooth side was determined by use of the felt-tip marker, as the coloration is richer on the smooth side.
• the paint roller was then used to apply the adhesive in a thin coating.
• the edges of the foil protruding beyond the edges of the plate were cut off with a foil cutter.
• the dirt carrier plate (foil facing upwards) is covered with the template, making soiling possible in the lengthwise direction of 260 mm and of the entire 280 mm width.
• the corresponding amount of soiling was coarsely spread on the dirt carrier.
• a first step after the coarse distribution over the entire surface, the dirt was spread in a lengthwise direction of the strips from the upper left to the upper right. The brush was moved to the left side and a second track drawn overlapping the first. This was continued until the lower right corner was reached.
• the dirt was further worked in by guiding the brush from the upper left to the lower left and back again along the same track. It was proceeded track-by-track with overlapping until the brush strokes end in the upper right.
• the third step was identical to the first step.
• a fourth step the dirt was worked in from top to bottom. The brush was guided in single tracks overlapping from left to right. After soiling the foil between the individual strips was separated using a foil cutter.
• the strips were then hung on a frame to be air-dried.
• the drying time was 1 hour.
• Mops that can be purchased as washability and abrasion tester 494 from Erichsen GmbH (DE). Brass guide rail for the sponge cart, 554 mm in length, milled. Closed sponge cart which picks up the sponge from below with weight attachment (820g). The weight ensures even rolling of the sponge cart during wiping.
• Device for squeezing the sponges Glass measuring cup with handle (6 ml and 10 ml) for fluid cleaners Disposable syringe for viscous products.
• the soiled cardboard strips were laid into the guide rails of the wiping device.
• the moist squeezed sponge was laid into the sponge holder of the cart which lies on the top side.
• the appropriate quantity was dosed into the disposable syringe using a measuring cup with a handle.
• Whiteness was measured with a Konica-Minolta Chroma Meter CR-400. Measuring parameters were with color system Y and standard illuminant D65 without UV. The measurement was taken against a white standard: clean, untreated dirt carrier strips corresponding to 100 % RV (cleaning capacity) 7 measured values each were determined from the 3 cleaned strips of a test specimen and corresponding average values and their standard deviations obtained.
• Example 1 showed superior dirt removal capacity (13.5 % improvement compared to Comparative Example 1).
• Example 2 showed superior dirt removal capacity (14 % improvement compared to Comparative Example 1).

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