EP3440892B1 - Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid - Google Patents

Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3440892B1
EP3440892B1 EP16731678.5A EP16731678A EP3440892B1 EP 3440892 B1 EP3440892 B1 EP 3440892B1 EP 16731678 A EP16731678 A EP 16731678A EP 3440892 B1 EP3440892 B1 EP 3440892B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
led
led segment
segment
power supply
direct
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EP16731678.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3440892A1 (en
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Adrian Ioan RUS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/355—Power factor correction [PFC]; Reactive power compensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/36—Circuits for reducing or suppressing harmonics, ripples or electromagnetic interferences [EMI]

Definitions

  • the invention is defined by the independent claims and relates to LED lighting apparatuses driven directly from the public AC grid, wherein the harmonic content of the currents sunk from the public AC grid by the light emitting diodes is compliant with the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard.
  • Some embodiments of the LED lighting apparatuses according to the invention have a parallel connection of multiple power supplies, in order to obtain higher power supplies compliant too with said harmonic standard.
  • LED is the abbreviation of the light emitting diode and the term “Direct AC power supply” refers to a low power constant current integrated power supply.
  • LED lighting technology is maturing fast, in the last 2 years becoming commercially available over 10 direct AC integrated circuits (abbreviated: IC).
  • Direct AC technology is attractive because of its low cost, of its simplicity allowing the manufacturing of complete light engines on single printed circuit boards, because of lack of reactive components and due to its good electric parameters: high electrical efficiency (typically 90%) and good power factor (typically higher than 0.95).
  • Figure 3 exhibits the time domain variation of the current sunk by the apparatus in Figure 1 and Figure 4 exhibits its harmonic content together with the individual harmonic limits, as they are set by the EN61000-3-2 harmonic standard. Acknowledging the standard is only recommended for powers lower than 25W but is mandatory for powers higher than 25W, a lighting apparatus having a rated power higher than 25W and manufactured by simply scaling of any number of not compliant and low power direct AC integrated power sources, is still not compliant and not usable.
  • the not compliant harmonic content is mainly due to the fact that given technological and practical reasons, the ratios of currents sunk by the integrated circuit from the grid is fixed, having the first step/current jump of higher value relative to next steps, which condition a relatively tight ratio of number of LEDs that make up each of the 4 LED segments.
  • Each LED segment includes one LED device or a plurality of LED devices, which are connected to each other in series. Needless to say, a plurality of LED devices can be connected to each other in series inside a LED package as the LED segment.
  • Each LED segment can include an arbitrary number of LED devices (at least one LED device).
  • the LED device can be a single LED chip, or a single package including a plurality of collectively-arranged LED chips.
  • that fixed currents ratio requires the approximate number of LEDs of each constituent segment S 1 , ...,S 4 as following: S 1 contains about 55 LEDs, S 2 contains about 18 LEDs, S 3 contains about 16 LEDs and S 4 contains about 6 LEDs.
  • S 1 contains about 55 LEDs
  • S 2 contains about 18 LEDs
  • S 3 contains about 16 LEDs
  • S 4 contains about 6 LEDs.
  • the example is not limitative, and the LED segments may also contain other combinations of numbers of LEDs.
  • the fixed ratios of sunk currents (61/77/94/100) in conjunction with the high level of the first sunk current requires on one hand the LED segment S 1 to contain a large number of LEDs, which in turn determines the apparatus to start sinking current later, with a delay greater than 1.3ms from the zero crossing of sine grid voltage, and on the other hand, it makes the first step / current jump, corresponding to segment S 1 to be much higher (about 3-fold) than the following steps/levels of sunk current; both effects (late entry into conduction and the first current step of higher value relative to next steps) contribute decisively to the increased levels of odd harmonics of the sunk current, thus exceeding the limits imposed by EN61000-3-2 standard.
  • Document US 2015/208474 A1 discloses a method of taking power with low-voltage bypass for supplying low-voltage power to an IC and an IC for AC direct driving LEDs, which is applicable to the method of taking power with low-voltage bypass.
  • the method allows the increase of the number of LED segments by adding an associated IC for each new segment, and each LED segment is controlled independently of the other LED segments.
  • a priori this method does not provide EN61000-3-2 harmonic compliance. Harmonic compliance might be achieved only by using five or more integrated circuits and carefully chosen resistors values. However, this method is totally different of the present claimed invention.
  • Document DE 11 2014 002534 T5 refers to a LED lighting device capable to endure a supply voltage whose value is the double of the supply voltage value of a single integrated circuit/driver. Thus, the internal parts of the device are prevented from being damaged by an overvoltage. However, the device is not EN61000-3-2 compliant.
  • Document EP2665341A1 discloses the general operating method of a LED direct AC integrated circuit driver.
  • the LED segments connection/disconnection to/from the circuit is managed exclusively by the mains supply voltage, and not by the current sunk by the LEDs.
  • the apparatus associated to the method does not meet EN61000-3-2 harmonic standards. Moreover, it does not meet EN55014 electro magnetic interferrence standard.
  • KR 101 582 450 B1 discloses a direct-AC lighting apparatus that can be used in different electric power environments (namely 110 V AC voltage and 220 V AC voltage) specific to different countries or regions.
  • the apparatus comprises two lighting circuitries.
  • the proposed solution consists in the parallel-connection of the apparatus circuitries in case of the first supply voltage and in the series-connection of the apparatus circuitries in case of using the second supply voltage.
  • the apparatus is not EN61000-3-2 compliant. No method or apparatus for decreasing the harmonic content is disclosed.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is the decrease of the harmonic content of the currents sunk by direct AC power sources driving LED strings below the limits required by EN61000-3-2 standard.
  • Apparatuses in Figures 5 , 8 , 9 and 10 are all compliant to EN61000-3-2 standard.
  • Figure 5 exhibits the wiring diagram of a first preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus powered directly from the public grid, according to the invention and comprising:
  • the circuit element Z on which falls the minimum voltage required to bias the internal circuitry of the direct AC integrated power supply IC2, may be a resistor, a few volts reverse polarized zenner diode or even a forward biased LED.
  • the LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 are successively and sequentially switched in by the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2, and at the decrease of voltage U AB below the respective threshold voltages of LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 ,, after the successive and sequential switch out of the LED segments S 4 , S 3 , S 2 and complex segment S 1 by the primary direct AC integrated power supply IC1, the LED segments S 1f4 , S 1f3 , S 1f2 and S 1f1 are successively and sequentially switched out by the secondary direct AC integrated power supply IC2.
  • I OUT1-IC2 18.3mA
  • I OUT2-IC2 23.3mA
  • I OUT3-IC2 28.3mA
  • I OUT4-IC2 30mA
  • the level of sunk current levels is determined, the number of LEDs consisting each LED segment S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 , so that the current sunk by the apparatus to vary in steps, approximately linearly over time, as seen in Figure 6 .
  • the number of LEDs in each segment S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 resulting in the sunk current variation as shown in Figure 6 is: S 1f1 contains 15 LEDs, S 1f2 contains 18 LEDs, S 1f3 contains 9 LEDs, S 1f4 contains 6 LEDs and circuit element Z contains 1 single LED.
  • the complex LED segment S 1 consists of four LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 as shown above is not unique, several divisions being possible, as well as several levels of set currents sunk by IC2; the frequency harmonics of sunk current given the variation indicated above are compliant to harmonic standard.
  • Each LED segment can include an arbitrary number of LED devices (at least one LED device).
  • the LED device can be a single LED chip, or a single package including a plurality of collectively-arranged LED chips.
  • the LED segments may also contain other numbers of LEDs, including but not limited to an equal numbers of LEDs in each LED segment (except for complex LED segment S 1 ).
  • the complex LED segment S 1 may include 54 LED chips divided in 4 LED segments S 1f1, S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 as following: LED segment S 1f1 includes 21 LEDs, and each of the following LED segments S 1f2 , S 1f3 and S 1f3 includes 10 LEDs, or all LED segments may include an equal number of LEDs.
  • the AC grid voltage passes through zero. It is also considered that at the AB terminals it is applied a 230Vef and 50Hz sinusoidal AC voltage.
  • the LEDs threshold voltage is about 2.8V and respectively the forward directional (anode to cathode) voltage drop at nominal current is about 3.2V.
  • the apparatus does not sink any current from the grid.
  • the U AB voltage over the threshold voltage of S 1f1 , through LEDs that constitute the segment S 1f1 it starts flowing a current determined by the voltage to current characteristic of the 15 LEDs constituting the segment S 1f1 ; the current flowing through the circuit closes to the ground via the internal current source of IC2 which is connected between its terminals I OUT1 and Rext, through the set resistor R2, through the internal current source of IC1 which is connected between its terminals I OUT1 and Rext and through the set resistor R1.
  • the current passing through the circuit element Z also closes to the ground via the terminal I OUT1-IC1 , Rext and resistor R1 so the sum of the current flowing through the circuit element Z and 30mA will be limited to the first level set by IC1 which in this exemplary embodiment is 36.7mA.
  • the primary direct AC power supply IC1 operates classically, successively sinking the current in well-established constant levels through the already switched in LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 1f4 that constitute the complex LED segment S 1 , as well as through the sequentially switched in LED segments S 2 -S 4 .
  • the apparatus both successively switching out the LED segments as well as the LED segments that constitute the complex LED segment S 1 in reverse order, and sinking a descending current in the same well established constant levels and at the same well-established moments in time.
  • Figure 6 exhibits the time domain variation of the current sunk by the apparatus in Figure 5
  • Figure 7 exhibits the frequency spectrum of the current sunk by the apparatus in Figure 5 where it is seen that its harmonics are lower than the limits set by EN61000-3-2
  • Figure 8 exhibits a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a second preferred embodiment consisting of the scaling of the power supply in Figure 5 , according to the invention, having its complex LED segment S 1 divided into four LED segments.
  • Figure 9 is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a third preferred embodiment of a LED lighting apparatus powered directly from the public AC grid as an alternative example of scaling the power supply in Figure 5 , which differs from the wiring diagram shown in Figure 8 as follows:
  • all LED segments S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 may have an equal number of LEDs.
  • S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 1f3 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 may each have 14 LEDs; the number of LEDs in the LED segments is not limited to 14, it varies between 13 and 16 depending on the maximum grid voltage; thus, at rated power, the direct forward voltage drop for all the LEDs connected in series in the string has to be equal to or slightly smaller than the maximum, peak voltage, of the grid at nominal voltage.
  • Figure 10 is a circuit schematic diagram showing the wiring of a fourth preferred embodiment as an alternative example of scaling of the power supply in Figure 5 , which differs from the diagram in Figure 8 as follows:
  • each of S 1f1 , S 1f2 , S 2 , S 3 and S 4 can consist of 19 LEDs.
  • the internal current sources of the at least one secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC2 1 , IC2 2 ,..., IC2 n are connected to the taps between the first LED segment and the second LED segment, respectively between the second LED segment and the third LED segment, respectively between the third LED segment and the fourth LED segment, respectively between the fourth LED segment and the circuit element Z.
  • the total number of the primary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC1 1 , IC1 2 ,..., may differ from the total number of the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits IC2 1 , IC2 2 ,..., in all preferred embodiments depicted in Figures 8 , 9 and 10 .
  • circuit element Z is connected between the last LED segment driven by the secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits (I OUT4 in that case) and their ground GND pin, together with the first terminal of the set resistor of these secondary direct AC power supply integrated circuits.
  • the complex LED segment S 1 consists of three S 1f1 , S 1f2 ,S 1f3 or respectively two segments S 1f1 ,S 1f2 , although maximum performance is not achieved, the harmonic content of the current sunk remains in accordance with the EN61000-3-2 standard but the cost of the associated apparatuses is much lower given the possibility of using exclusively cheaper multichip packaged LEDs.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
EP16731678.5A 2016-04-05 2016-04-05 Led lighting apparatus driven directly from the public ac grid Active EP3440892B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RO2016/000014 WO2017176141A1 (en) 2016-04-05 2016-04-05 Method of reducing the harmonic content of the currents sunk by led strings driven by an integrated "direct ac" power supply and apparatuses associated to the method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3440892A1 EP3440892A1 (en) 2019-02-13
EP3440892B1 true EP3440892B1 (en) 2022-01-12

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EP (1) EP3440892B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN109156056B (zh)
WO (1) WO2017176141A1 (zh)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101582450B1 (ko) * 2015-08-13 2016-01-21 주식회사 실리콘웍스 조명 장치
DE112014002534T5 (de) * 2013-05-23 2016-03-31 Silicon Works Co., Ltd. Lichtemittierende Dioden-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9398656B2 (en) * 2012-05-16 2016-07-19 Beijing EffiLED Opto-Electronics Technology Co., Ltd. Device and method for driving an LED light
CN103209506B (zh) * 2013-04-25 2015-02-18 合肥云杉光电科技有限公司 低压旁路取电的交流直接驱动led的方法与集成电路
CN104780646B (zh) * 2014-01-15 2018-06-05 四川新力光源股份有限公司 一种支持可控硅调光的led驱动电路

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112014002534T5 (de) * 2013-05-23 2016-03-31 Silicon Works Co., Ltd. Lichtemittierende Dioden-Beleuchtungsvorrichtung
KR101582450B1 (ko) * 2015-08-13 2016-01-21 주식회사 실리콘웍스 조명 장치

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017176141A1 (en) 2017-10-12
CN109156056B (zh) 2020-10-30
CN109156056A (zh) 2019-01-04
EP3440892A1 (en) 2019-02-13

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