EP3440677B1 - Improved process for the treatment of a waste container - Google Patents

Improved process for the treatment of a waste container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3440677B1
EP3440677B1 EP17720543.2A EP17720543A EP3440677B1 EP 3440677 B1 EP3440677 B1 EP 3440677B1 EP 17720543 A EP17720543 A EP 17720543A EP 3440677 B1 EP3440677 B1 EP 3440677B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
binder
container
walls
during
separation step
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17720543.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3440677A1 (en
Inventor
Riad Sarraf
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/307—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in polymeric matrix, e.g. resins, tars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/167—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in polymeric matrix, e.g. resins, tars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates to the treatment of waste containers comprising, in addition to their actual content, a binder at least partially filling the initially empty spaces between the walls of the container and the content of the container.
  • the containers in question are for example in the form of metal drums of several hundred liters, the actual content of the latter comprising for example an internal barrel within which waste, such as for example radioactive waste, is arranged.
  • This waste is for example arranged in turn in compacted storage drums, which makes it possible to minimize the volume that the waste occupies.
  • the invention improves the situation.
  • the cooling step comprises a plurality of cooling sequences during each of which a part of the binder is cooled to bring the binder of said part to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, the primary mechanical separation step comprising, for each cooling sequence, a sequence of mechanical shocks to break the binder of said part cooled during the corresponding cooling sequence.
  • the container is cooled to bring all of the binder to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, and, during the mechanical separation step, it is separated the contents of the container by application of mechanical shock to break at least part of the binder.
  • the method further comprising a secondary mechanical separation step implemented when the binder covering said part of the container and container walls is brittle and subsequent to the primary mechanical separation step, during which at least part of the binder is separated in contact with the container walls and in contact with the content of said walls and said content by a new application of mechanical shock.
  • the method further comprises a chemical separation step subsequent to the secondary mechanical separation step and during which all or part of the binder residues are separated in contact with the container from said container by application to residues of a product suitable for reacting with the binder.
  • At least part of the waste content is initially in direct contact with the binder.
  • the content comprises at least one storage drum comprising at least part of the waste, the binder being initially in contact with the walls of the storage drum.
  • the content of the container comprises an internal barrel containing on the one hand at least one storage barrel comprising at least part of the waste and on the other hand a second binder comprising bitumen, said second binder being initially in contact with the walls of the internal barrel and the storage barrel.
  • the second binder is brought to a second binder temperature at which the second binder is brittle, the method further comprising a second primary mechanical separation step implemented while the second binder is brittle, during which mechanical shocks are applied to break the second binder to release the storage barrel from the internal barrel.
  • the walls of the internal barrel and of the storage barrel are covered at least in part by the second binder at the end of said second primary mechanical separation step, the method further comprising a second step of secondary mechanical separation implemented when the second binder is brittle, during which the second binder is mechanically shocked, the walls of the internal barrel and / or the walls of the storage barrel to separate at least part of the second binder from the walls of the internal keg and storage keg.
  • the method further comprises a second chemical separation step during which all or part of the binder residues are separated in contact with the walls of the internal barrel by application to the residues of said product.
  • residues of second binder in contact with the internal barrel are also separated from the walls of the internal barrel under the effect of said product or of a second product suitable for react with the second binder.
  • by-products from the treatment of the container and the content are separated into several groups of predefined materials.
  • At least said part of the binder is brought to a temperature less than or equal to a brittle FRAASS temperature of the binder at which and below which the binder is brittle.
  • the waste container initially comprises a bed of material different from the binder, the method further comprising an initial extraction step during which at least part of said bed of material is extracted from the container, for example by aspiration.
  • the binder comprises, in addition to the bitumen, a sludge comprising an industrial effluent or coming from an industrial effluent.
  • the Figure 1 illustrates a waste container 2 to which a treatment method according to the invention is intended to be applied.
  • treatment process is meant a process for transforming the container, in particular at least separating part of the elements it contains from the rest of it.
  • the waste in question is of any type.
  • they can be metallic, organic, inorganic, etc.
  • the container 2 has walls 4 internally delimiting a volume within which a content 6 of the container 2 is arranged.
  • the container 2 comprises a binder 8 at least partially filling the space delimited internally between the walls 4 of the container and the content 6.
  • the container 2 has for example a general form of hollow cylindrical barrel. It is for example made from metal.
  • the container 2 has for example a volume greater than 100 L, and advantageously greater than 200 L. For example, it has a volume worth substantially 220 L.
  • the container 2 comprises for example removable covers for closing and releasing the lower and / or upper end of the container.
  • the container 2 is for example in the form of a tank. Its walls are for example made from metal, or another material.
  • the tank is advantageously intended to be reused once the treatment has ended.
  • the container material in the form of drums, is advantageously intended for further processing.
  • the binder 8 is configured to fill the space between the walls of the container 2 and the content 6, in particular to prevent the relative movement of these elements. In addition, it is configured to contain waste by creating a barrier between the waste and the outside environment. In addition, optionally, it is suitable for absorbing part of the radiation liable to be emitted by the waste, in particular when the latter is radioactive.
  • the binder 8 is a bituminous binder. In other words, it includes bitumen.
  • the binder 8 consists of bitumen, that is to say that it essentially comprises bitumen, the rest of its composition (by weight for example) possibly comprising traces of other materials (such as residues from the container material or content 6).
  • the binder 8 also includes a mud.
  • This sludge is understood or comes from an industrial effluent.
  • the mud is obtained by drying, filtering and / or processing the effluent.
  • This mud corresponds for example to a waste as such.
  • the binder 8 advantageously corresponds to a mixture of bitumen and mud.
  • the binder 8 has a FRAASS brittleness temperature.
  • This temperature can be defined as being the temperature at which cracks form on a binder film arranged on a blade subjected to successive bending.
  • This FRAASS brittleness temperature is for example between -5 ° C and -15 ° C.
  • the binder In practice, at this FRAASS brittleness temperature and below, the binder is brittle.
  • content 6 includes waste. More specifically, it comprises an internal barrel 10 whose walls internally delimit a volume.
  • the internal barrel 10 comprises, inside this volume, one or more storage barrels 12 comprising waste 14 and a second binder 16.
  • it also comprises wedging elements 18 arranged in this volume.
  • the internal barrel 10 has a general form of hollow cylindrical barrel. Like container 2, it is for example made from metal.
  • the internal barrel 10 has for example a volume greater than 50 L, and advantageously greater than 100 L. For example, it has a volume of substantially 115 L.
  • the internal barrel includes one or more covers for closing and releasing its lower end and / or its upper end.
  • the storage drums 12 actually contain at least part of the waste 14 for the storage of which the container 2 is provided. As indicated above, this waste is of any type.
  • the waste 14 is radioactive. They then include, for example, metals which have been exposed to radiation, and which for example have radioactive particles or deposits on the surface.
  • they are not radioactive. They then include for example plastic materials (such as gloves, vinyl, etc.), fabric (such as tarlatan), metal, cardboard and / or paper.
  • the storage drums 12 are for example made from metal.
  • each barrel 12 is the result of compaction applied to an initial non-compacted barrel containing the waste 14.
  • This initial barrel has for example a volume of the order of 50 L, and being worth for example substantially 60 L.
  • Compaction has the effect of reducing the volume of the initial drum, for example by a factor of between 4 and 5.
  • the internal barrel 10 comprises four storage barrels 12 superimposed on each other.
  • the second binder 16 is configured to fill at least partially the space delimited between the storage barrels and the walls of the internal barrel, in particular to avoid their relative movement. In addition, it is configured to confine the waste by creating a barrier between the waste and the external environment In addition, optionally, it is suitable for absorbing part of the radiation liable to be emitted by the waste, in particular when the latter is radioactive.
  • the second binder 16 is also a bituminous binder. In other words, it includes bitumen.
  • the second binder 16 consists of bitumen.
  • the second binder 16 also includes a mud.
  • This sludge includes or comes from an industrial effluent.
  • the mud is obtained by drying, filtering and / or processing the effluent.
  • This mud corresponds for example to a waste as such.
  • This mud is identical or different from the mud that the binder 8 can comprise.
  • one of the binders 8, 16 comprises a mud, while the other does not.
  • the second binder 16 has a FRAASS brittleness temperature, like the first binder. This temperature is for example between -5 ° C and -15 ° C.
  • the second binder 16 and the first binder 8 have a substantially identical composition.
  • the binder surrounding the content 6 and the binder located inside the internal barrel are the same binder.
  • the wedging elements 18 are configured to keep the storage barrels 12 away from the walls of the internal barrel 10. For example, they are configured to keep these barrels away from the upper wall of the internal barrel.
  • the wedging elements 18 comprise for example pebbles interposed between one or more storage drums 12 and the wall or walls at a distance from which they keep these drums.
  • the wedging elements 18 comprise pebbles interposed between the upper face of the highest storage barrel and the upper wall of the internal barrel.
  • the container 2 also comprises a bed of material 20. It is for example located at the bottom of the container 2, the internal barrel 10 being placed on the bed of material 20.
  • This bed of material is advantageously made from one or more materials other than the binder.
  • it includes inorganic materials.
  • it comprises sand, pebbles, or a mixture of sand and pebbles.
  • the container 2 is cooled to bring at least the binder 8 to a temperature at which it is brittle.
  • it is thus brought to a temperature below its FRAASS brittleness temperature.
  • the binder is brought to a temperature below this FRAASS brittleness temperature by at least 5 ° C.
  • the second binder 16 is also brought to a temperature at which it is brittle. In other words, it is brought to a temperature lower than or equal to its FRAASS brittleness temperature. Advantageously, it is then brought to a temperature below this FRAASS brittleness temperature by at least 5 ° C.
  • the container is brought to a temperature less than or equal to the smallest of the respective FRAASS brittleness temperatures of the two binders.
  • the container 2 is stored in a place where the desired temperature prevails for the binder (s), or an even lower temperature.
  • This warehouse is for example of the order of a few days, and advantageously lasts at least three days.
  • the place in question is for example a work airlock arranged within a cold room.
  • a primary mechanical separation step S2 mechanical shocks are applied to break the binder 8 so as to release the contents of the container from said container.
  • This step is carried out while the binder is at a temperature such that it is brittle. This temperature corresponds to the target temperature, or to a close temperature (the temperature at the start of this step being liable to vary slightly, for example under the effect of handling the container 2).
  • the cover (s) of the container are removed to release its ends, to make the binder 8 and the content 2 accessible.
  • the container 2 is cut, this cutting providing container sections.
  • a stitching tool is used.
  • a needle hammer, bush hammer or chisel is used.
  • the binder 8 fractures. The binder joining the content 2 to the container is then broken so that the content 2 can be released from the container 6.
  • this step S2 there is the content 6 extracted from the container 2, and from the container 2 (possibly in the form of sections).
  • this content corresponds to the internal barrel (and its content to it).
  • the internal walls of the container are at least partly covered by binder 8, and the content 6 is also at least partly covered by binder 8.
  • the external walls of the internal barrel are also covered at least in part by binder.
  • This step S2 is advantageously implemented in the warehouse location of the container 2, so that it remains at the temperature obtained at the end of step S1 or at a close temperature (the temperature obtained being lower at the FRAASS brittleness temperature of the binder and of the second binder).
  • a secondary mechanical separation step S3 at least part of the binder is separated in contact with the walls of the container 2 by application of mechanical shock. In addition, at least part of the binder is separated in contact with the content 6 by application of mechanical shock. This separation of the binder from the content 6 is carried out immediately before or after the mechanical separation of the binder from the container, or is offset over time.
  • This step is implemented while the binder 8 is at a temperature at which it is brittle. If it is carried out in two stages, the binder is, in the meantime, advantageously maintained at a temperature less than or equal to its FRASS brittleness temperature.
  • this step consists of mechanical cleaning of the walls of the container 2 and of the outside of the content 6.
  • the mechanical shocks are advantageously applied at least directly to the binder which covers the walls of the container and the content 6. Alternatively or in parallel, they are applied to the walls of the container and / or to the content 6.
  • the binder breaks and is separated from the walls of the container 2 and the content 6.
  • the binder 8 is thus separated from these elements until only binder residues remain on these elements.
  • a chemical separation step S4 at least a portion of the binder residues is separated from the walls of the container 2 by application at least to the residues of a product suitable for reacting with the binder.
  • the product is suitable for liquefying or dissolving the binder once in contact with it.
  • the product used is a methyl ester resulting from the transformation of vegetable matter.
  • it is a methyl ester resulting from the transformation of rapeseed.
  • this ester is also used as a biofuel by certain vehicles.
  • the use of this product is advantageous because this product is slightly toxic and is not very polluting.
  • any suitable product is used to liquefy or dissolve the binder, such as toluene, xylene or the like.
  • the container is immersed (possibly in the form of sections) in a bath comprising this product.
  • the bath is heated to accelerate the reaction of the residues with the product.
  • this chemical separation is carried out in a place which is not refrigerated, and therefore is not carried out in the refrigerated working airlock.
  • the binder residues separate from the walls of the container 2.
  • the binder residues thus separated are suspended in the bath used and can be recovered thereafter.
  • the procedure is carried out by a smear on the residues by means of a cloth soaked in the product rather than by immersion in a bath.
  • the product is sprayed.
  • this step comprises a finish advantageously produced by a smear using the product reacting with the binder in order to obtain the desired level of cleanliness.
  • the internal walls of the container 2 are substantially devoid of binder.
  • a second primary mechanical separation step S5 mechanical shocks are applied to break the second binder 16 to release the storage drum (s) 12 from the internal drum 10. This step is implemented while the second is a temperature to which it is brittle.
  • mechanical shocks are applied to the second binder.
  • mechanical shocks are applied to the internal barrel 10 and / or to the storage barrel 12.
  • the second binder fractures and gradually separates the storage barrels 12 from the internal barrel. This is continued until the storage barrels 12 are released from the internal barrel 10, and the storage barrels are extracted from the internal barrel.
  • the storage drums 12 have external walls at least partially covered by second binder 16.
  • a second secondary mechanical separation step S6 at least part of the second binder is removed in contact with the walls of the internal barrel by application of mechanical shock. This step is carried out while the second binder is at a temperature at which it is brittle.
  • the procedure is as above by applying mechanical shocks to the second binder in contact with the walls of the internal barrel and / or to separate at least part of the second binder from the walls of the internal barrel.
  • the walls of the storage barrel (s) are also mechanically cleaned by applying mechanical shocks at least to the second binder therein.
  • the internal walls of the internal barrel carry residues of second binder, and the external walls of residues of binder.
  • the binder 8 residues are separated in contact with the walls of the internal barrel by application of the product reacting with the binder 8.
  • the second binder residues in contact with the (internal) walls of the internal barrel 10 also react and are separated from the internal barrel.
  • the internal barrel is immersed (possibly in the form of sections) in a bath containing the product reacting with the binder 8, such as the methyl ester described above.
  • this product is also suitable for reacting with the second binder, and then simultaneously separates the residues of the second binder from the internal walls of the internal barrel.
  • a second product is also used in the bath suitable for reacting with the second binder.
  • the bath is heated to accelerate the separation of the binders from the internal barrel.
  • the bath used here is optionally the same as that used during step S4.
  • the product or products reacting with the binders are sprayed.
  • this step comprises a finish advantageously carried out by a smear using the product or products reacting with the binder (s) in order to obtain the desired level of cleanliness.
  • the walls of the internal barrel are substantially devoid of binder and second binder.
  • the storage barrel (s) 12 are cut to extract the waste 14.
  • the procedure is carried out, for example, in a known manner.
  • waste 14 there is on the one hand waste 14, and on the other hand portions of barrel originating from the cutting of storage barrels 12. For example, there are four portions for each storage barrel .
  • the barrel portions are stretched so as to make the folds likely to have formed in the material of the storage barrels accessible during their compaction.
  • the procedure is carried out, for example, using a strong puller, or another known device.
  • the internal walls of the storage barrel (s) having been in contact with the waste 14 are cleaned to remove any residual waste therefrom.
  • step S10 the stretched barrel portions obtained at the end of step S9 are mechanically cleaned of the second binder which covers them at least in part by applying mechanical shocks. This step is implemented while the second binder is at a temperature at which it is brittle.
  • this step aims to mechanically remove most of the binder still in contact with the barrel portions once they have been stretched. As before, we advantageously proceed with a stitching tool.
  • stretched barrel portions comprising at most residues of second binder in contact with their walls, in this case their external wall.
  • the residues of the walls are separated from the stretched barrel portions by application to these residues of a compound reacting with the second binder.
  • this compound corresponds to the product described above, and is for example a methyl ester.
  • the procedure is carried out by means of a bath comprising this compound and in which the barrel portions are arranged.
  • a bath comprising this compound and in which the barrel portions are arranged.
  • one proceeds by smearing on the residues of a cloth soaked in the product.
  • the compound is sprayed.
  • this step comprises a finish advantageously produced by a smear using the product reacting with the binder in order to obtain the desired level of cleanliness.
  • the walls of the storage drums are substantially free of a second binder.
  • the various by-products of the treatment are grouped into groups of materials. These groups are for example predefined. They are for example predefined as a function of the nature of the different by-products resulting from the preceding processing steps.
  • these materials are grouped within a set of groups comprising at least one group comprising the binder, the second binder and the materials derived from the latter binder, a group comprising metallic materials, a group comprising other organic waste as binders and materials from binders, and a group comprising inorganic waste.
  • this includes the pieces of binders from the mechanical separation steps as well as the products from the chemical separations.
  • the baths used are optionally filtered and / or dried for the recovery of suspended residues. Residues separated other than by bath are also collected.
  • the pieces of binders from the mechanical separations are crushed and / or ground. This allows in particular the recovery of the wedging elements 18 which are separated from the internal barrel during the second primary mechanical separation step.
  • the wedging elements 18 are then grouped within inorganic waste if it is pebbles, or else within the adapted group.
  • the metallic materials and in particular the material of the container 2, of the internal barrel and of the drawn portions of the storage barrel, are brought together within the group of metallic materials.
  • the other organic waste for example from waste 14, is also collected.
  • step S12 is optionally implemented in an at least partially automated manner. Alternatively, it is implemented manually.
  • the group's materials are arranged in dedicated containers. Optionally, they are further processed.
  • the elements of the group of metallic materials are subjected to a fusion treatment.
  • Organic waste is treated by incineration.
  • the group of materials comprising the binders is also incinerated.
  • Inorganic waste is for example stored in its present form.
  • the group of inorganic materials advantageously comprises the material of the bed of material 20.
  • this material is extracted from the container 2 during a prior step during which this material is extracted, for example by suction. To do this, we proceed for example through the lower cover of the container 2.
  • step S2 it is recovered during step S2.
  • the content 6 has no internal barrel.
  • the storage drum (s) are arranged directly in the container 2, all or part of their walls being initially in contact with the binder. This configuration is advantageous insofar as it allows the storage of a larger number of storage drums 12 per container 2, for example five instead of four.
  • the method follows the same scheme, but is devoid of steps S5 to S7, specifically provided for the recovery of the second binder.
  • the container 2 does not include a second binder.
  • the method comprises steps S1 to S4, during which the container is cooled to make the binder brittle, the contents of the container are separated by breaking the binder, the walls of the container and the contents are mechanically cleaned of the binder in contact with them, and the container 2 is chemically cleaned so as to advantageously remove all the binder residues remaining in contact with it.
  • the storage barrel (s) is cut out according to step S8, the barrel portions are stretched according to step S9), and they are cleaned mechanically and chemically in order to remove the binder 8 according to the principle of steps S10 and S11, except that the aim here is to remove the binder 8 (and not the second binder 16 as in the embodiment described above).
  • the different materials are then grouped into groups of materials as described above during step S12.
  • the storage drums are not compacted.
  • the process is substantially identical to that described above, with the difference that the barrel portions from the cutting of the storage barrel (s) are not stretched.
  • the content 6 of the container is devoid of storage barrel and internal barrel.
  • the waste 14 of the content is then initially in direct contact with the binder.
  • the method comprises steps S1 to S4 and step S12.
  • we cool the container and we separate the waste from the container by breaking the cooled binder as above we mechanically clean the waste and the container to separate most of the binder, then we chemically clean the container and the waste to remove binder residue.
  • the various by-products of this treatment are then grouped into the desired groups.
  • the container 2 is in the form of a tank.
  • the content 6 optionally includes storage barrels, themselves optionally arranged in an internal barrel.
  • the treatment process is identical to the process described above or to one of the above variants depending on the presence or absence of one (or more) internal barrel and one or more storage barrels, at the difference that the walls of the container are not cut and that their material is not grouped within groups of materials during step S12.
  • the procedure is carried out by locally cooling. the tank or successive areas of the tank.
  • a cold fluid advantageously chosen from liquid nitrogen, liquid air or liquid carbon dioxide.
  • a cold fluid advantageously chosen from liquid nitrogen, liquid air or liquid carbon dioxide.
  • an area of the tank is cooled within which the binder is then fractured, and this is done by a succession of cooling sequences each followed by a sequence of mechanical shocks during each of which the newly made brittle binder is broken to separate this broken binder from the container. This is done until the actual contents of the tank can be separated from the tank itself. In addition, most of the binder is thus extracted from the container itself.
  • the procedure is identical for the content 2, that is to say by local injection of cold fluid when necessary, in particular for lowering or maintaining the temperature of the binder (s) at a temperature below their FRAASS brittleness temperature for the application of mechanical shocks, or the content 6 is moved in the refrigerated working airlock described above to reduce to the process described.
  • At least the part of the secondary mechanical separation step aimed at the separation of the binder from the walls of the tank is advantageously implemented via local injection of cold fluid.
  • certain variants are combined. For example, in one embodiment, we proceed to the treatment of a container 2 such as that of the Figure 1 by locally cooling binder portions by injection of cold fluid and by breaking these binder portions during the primary mechanical separation step and the cooling step, as for the above variant.
  • part of the waste of the content (other than any waste that the binder itself contains) is initially in direct contact with the binder, part of the waste is arranged in at least one storage drum initially at contact of the binder, and / or part waste is arranged in at least one storage drum located in an internal drum comprising a second binder.
  • the method then includes the steps of the various embodiments described above.
  • the invention has many advantages.
  • the treatment of the container is simplified.
  • it overcomes the heating of the container, which involves risks and is not suitable for all types of waste.
  • the quantity of chemicals necessary for the treatment of the container is reduced, the recourse to a chemical reaction route not intervening centrally within the framework of the principle according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

Le domaine de l'invention se rapporte au traitement de conteneurs de déchets comprenant, outre leur contenu effectif, un liant remplissant au moins en partie les espaces initialement vides entre les parois du conteneur et le contenu du conteneur.The field of the invention relates to the treatment of waste containers comprising, in addition to their actual content, a binder at least partially filling the initially empty spaces between the walls of the container and the content of the container.

Les conteneurs en question se présentent par exemple sous la forme de fûts métalliques de plusieurs centaines de litres, le contenu effectif de ces derniers comprenant par exemple un fût interne au sein duquel des déchets, tels que par exemple des déchets radioactifs, sont agencés. Ces déchets sont par exemple agencés à leur tour dans des fûts de stockage compactés, ce qui permet de minimiser le volume que les déchets occupent.The containers in question are for example in the form of metal drums of several hundred liters, the actual content of the latter comprising for example an internal barrel within which waste, such as for example radioactive waste, is arranged. This waste is for example arranged in turn in compacted storage drums, which makes it possible to minimize the volume that the waste occupies.

Dans l'attente d'une diminution de leur activité radiologique ou d'un traitement ultérieur, une quantité importante de déchets, notamment de déchets radioactifs, est stockée sous cette forme. Or, compte tenu du volume de production de ces déchets, le volume effectif occupé par les déchets ainsi stockés est important.Pending a reduction in their radiological activity or a subsequent treatment, a large quantity of waste, in particular radioactive waste, is stored in this form. However, given the volume of production of this waste, the actual volume occupied by the waste thus stored is significant.

Afin de réduire le volume consacré au stockage de ces déchets, il est dorénavant courant de traiter le contenu des conteneurs via différentes techniques de traitement reposant par exemple sur des procédés d'incinération de certains éléments, de broyage d'autres éléments, de fusion d'autres éléments encore, etc.In order to reduce the volume devoted to the storage of this waste, it is now common to treat the contents of the containers via different treatment techniques based for example on methods of incineration of certain elements, grinding of other elements, smelting of still other elements, etc.

Préalablement à la mise en œuvre de ces traitements, il est nécessaire d'assurer la bonne séparation des différents matériaux contenus dans ces conteneurs, et notamment d'assurer la bonne séparation du liant du reste du contenu des conteneurs.Prior to the implementation of these treatments, it is necessary to ensure good separation of the different materials contained in these containers, and in particular to ensure good separation of the binder from the rest of the contents of the containers.

Les procédés actuels de séparation du liant reposent soit sur le chauffage des conteneurs pour ramollir ou liquéfier le liant, ce qui facilite sa séparation des autres éléments des conteneurs, soit sur l'emploi de solvants configurés pour liquéfier le liant.Current methods of separating the binder are based either on heating the containers to soften or liquefy the binder, which facilitates its separation from the other elements of the containers, or on the use of solvents configured to liquefy the binder.

Ces deux approches présentent des inconvénients. En effet, les techniques impliquant le chauffage des conteneurs ne sont pas sans risques, et sont en réalité incompatibles avec certains types de déchets. En outre, les techniques reposant sur l'emploi de solvant requièrent une quantité importante de solvant, et tendent ainsi à être onéreuses et polluantes.These two approaches have drawbacks. Indeed, the techniques involving the heating of containers are not without risks, and are in reality incompatible with certain types of waste. In addition, the techniques based on the use of solvent require a large amount of solvent, and thus tend to be expensive and polluting.

L'invention vient améliorer la situation.The invention improves the situation.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de traitement d'un conteneur de déchets, le conteneur de déchets comprenant initialement d'une part un liant comprenant du bitume, et d'autre part, outre ledit liant, un contenu au contact du liant et comportant des déchets, le procédé comprenant :

  • une étape de refroidissement au cours de laquelle on refroidit au moins une partie du conteneur de déchets pour amener au moins une partie du liant à une température à laquelle le liant est cassant,
  • une étape de séparation mécanique primaire mise en œuvre lorsque le liant d'au moins ladite partie est cassant, au cours de laquelle on applique des chocs mécaniques pour casser le liant d'au moins ladite partie pour séparer au moins le liant de ladite partie dudit conteneur.
To this end, the invention relates to a method of treating a waste container, the waste container initially comprising on the one hand a binder comprising bitumen, and on the other hand, in addition to said binder, a content in contact with the binder and comprising waste, the process comprising:
  • a cooling step during which at least part of the waste container is cooled to bring at least part of the binder to a temperature at which the binder is brittle,
  • a primary mechanical separation step implemented when the binder of at least said part is brittle, during which mechanical shocks are applied to break the binder from at least said part to separate at least the binder from said part of said container.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, l'étape de refroidissement comprend une pluralité de séquences de refroidissement au cours de chacune desquelles une partie du liant est refroidie pour amener le liant de ladite partie à une température à laquelle le liant est cassant, l'étape de séparation mécanique primaire comprenant, pour chaque séquence de refroidissement, une séquence de chocs mécaniques pour casser le liant de ladite partie refroidie lors de la séquence de refroidissement correspondante.According to one aspect of the invention, the cooling step comprises a plurality of cooling sequences during each of which a part of the binder is cooled to bring the binder of said part to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, the primary mechanical separation step comprising, for each cooling sequence, a sequence of mechanical shocks to break the binder of said part cooled during the corresponding cooling sequence.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, lors de l'étape de refroidissement, on refroidit le conteneur pour amener l'intégralité du liant à une température à laquelle le liant est cassant, et, lors de l'étape de séparation mécanique, on sépare le contenu du conteneur par application des chocs mécanique pour casser au moins une partie du liant.According to one aspect of the invention, during the cooling step, the container is cooled to bring all of the binder to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, and, during the mechanical separation step, it is separated the contents of the container by application of mechanical shock to break at least part of the binder.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, à l'issue de l'étape de séparation mécanique primaire, le contenu est séparé du conteneur, au moins une partie de parois du conteneur et du contenu étant couvertes par du liant, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape de séparation mécanique secondaire mise en œuvre lorsque le liant couvrant ladite partie de parois du conteneur et du conteneur est cassant et postérieurement à l'étape de séparation mécanique primaire, au cours de laquelle on sépare au moins une partie du liant au contact des parois du conteneur et au contact du contenu desdites parois et dudit contenu par une nouvelle application de chocs mécaniques.According to one aspect of the invention, at the end of the primary mechanical separation step, the content is separated from the container, at least part of the walls of the container and of the content being covered by binder, the method further comprising a secondary mechanical separation step implemented when the binder covering said part of the container and container walls is brittle and subsequent to the primary mechanical separation step, during which at least part of the binder is separated in contact with the container walls and in contact with the content of said walls and said content by a new application of mechanical shock.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le procédé comprend en outre une étape de séparation chimique postérieure à l'étape de séparation mécanique secondaire et au cours de laquelle on sépare tout ou partie de résidus de liant au contact du conteneur dudit conteneur par application sur les résidus d'un produit adapté pour réagir avec le liant.According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises a chemical separation step subsequent to the secondary mechanical separation step and during which all or part of the binder residues are separated in contact with the container from said container by application to residues of a product suitable for reacting with the binder.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, au moins une partie des déchets du contenu est initialement au contact direct du liant.According to one aspect of the invention, at least part of the waste content is initially in direct contact with the binder.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le contenu comprend au moins un fût de stockage comportant au moins une partie des déchets, le liant étant initialement au contact de parois du fût de stockage.According to one aspect of the invention, the content comprises at least one storage drum comprising at least part of the waste, the binder being initially in contact with the walls of the storage drum.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le contenu du conteneur comprend un fût interne contenant d'une part au moins un fût de stockage comportant au moins une partie des déchets et d'autre part un deuxième liant comprenant du bitume, ledit deuxième liant étant initialement au contact de parois du fût interne et du fût de stockage.According to one aspect of the invention, the content of the container comprises an internal barrel containing on the one hand at least one storage barrel comprising at least part of the waste and on the other hand a second binder comprising bitumen, said second binder being initially in contact with the walls of the internal barrel and the storage barrel.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, lors de l'étape de refroidissement, le deuxième liant est amené à une température de deuxième liant à laquelle le deuxième liant est cassant, le procédé comprenant en outre une deuxième étape de séparation mécanique primaire mise en œuvre alors que le deuxième liant est cassant, au cours de laquelle on applique des chocs mécaniques pour casser le deuxième liant pour libérer le fût de stockage du fût interne.According to one aspect of the invention, during the cooling step, the second binder is brought to a second binder temperature at which the second binder is brittle, the method further comprising a second primary mechanical separation step implemented while the second binder is brittle, during which mechanical shocks are applied to break the second binder to release the storage barrel from the internal barrel.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, les parois du fût interne et du fût de stockage sont couvertes au moins en partie par le deuxième liant à l'issue de ladite deuxième étape de séparation mécanique primaire, le procédé comprenant en outre une deuxième étape de séparation mécanique secondaire mise en œuvre lorsque le deuxième liant est cassant, au cours de laquelle on choque mécaniquement le deuxième liant, les parois du fût interne et/ou les parois du fût de stockage pour séparer au moins une partie du deuxième liant des parois du fût interne et du fût de stockage.According to one aspect of the invention, the walls of the internal barrel and of the storage barrel are covered at least in part by the second binder at the end of said second primary mechanical separation step, the method further comprising a second step of secondary mechanical separation implemented when the second binder is brittle, during which the second binder is mechanically shocked, the walls of the internal barrel and / or the walls of the storage barrel to separate at least part of the second binder from the walls of the internal keg and storage keg.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le procédé comprend en outre une deuxième étape de séparation chimique au cours de laquelle on sépare tout ou partie de résidus de liant au contact de parois du fût interne par application sur les résidus dudit produit.According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises a second chemical separation step during which all or part of the binder residues are separated in contact with the walls of the internal barrel by application to the residues of said product.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, lors de la deuxième étape de séparation chimique, des résidus de deuxième liant au contact du fût interne sont en outre séparés de parois du fût interne sous l'effet dudit produit ou d'un deuxième produit adapté pour réagir avec le deuxième liant.According to one aspect of the invention, during the second chemical separation step, residues of second binder in contact with the internal barrel are also separated from the walls of the internal barrel under the effect of said product or of a second product suitable for react with the second binder.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le fût de stockage est initialement compacté, le procédé comprenant en outre:

  • la découpe du fût de stockage en portions de fût pour l'extraction des déchets, et
  • l'étirement des portions de fût pour obtenir des portions de fût étirées.
According to one aspect of the invention, the storage drum is initially compacted, the method further comprising:
  • cutting the storage barrel into barrel portions for waste extraction, and
  • stretching the barrel portions to obtain stretched barrel portions.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le procédé comprend en outre :

  • une étape de séparation mécanique complémentaire mise en œuvre lorsque le liant est cassant, au cours de laquelle on choque mécaniquement le liant et/ou les portions de fût étirées pour séparer au moins une partie du liant de parois des portions de fût étirées, et
  • une étape de séparation chimique complémentaire postérieure à l'étape de séparation mécanique complémentaire et au cours de laquelle on sépare des résidus de liant au contact de parois des portions de fût étirées desdites parois par application sur lesdits résidus d'un produit adapté pour réagir avec le liant.
According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises:
  • a complementary mechanical separation step implemented when the binder is brittle, during which the binder and / or the stretched drum portions are mechanically shocked in order to separate at least part of the binder from the walls of the stretched drum portions, and
  • a complementary chemical separation step subsequent to the complementary mechanical separation step and during which residues of binder are separated in contact with walls, portions of barrel stretched from said walls by application to said residues of a product suitable for reacting with the binder.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le procédé comprend en outre :

  • une étape de séparation mécanique complémentaire mise en œuvre lorsque le deuxième liant est cassant, au cours de laquelle on choque mécaniquement le deuxième liant et/ou les portions de fût étirées pour séparer au moins une partie du deuxième liant de parois des portions de fût étirées, et
  • une étape de séparation chimique complémentaire postérieure à l'étape de séparation mécanique complémentaire et au cours de laquelle on sépare des résidus de deuxième liant au contact de parois des portions de fût étirées desdites parois par application sur lesdits résidus d'un composé adapté pour réagir avec le deuxième liant.
According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises:
  • an additional mechanical separation step implemented when the second binder is brittle, during which the second binder and / or the stretched drum portions are mechanically shocked in order to separate at least part of the second wall binder from the stretched drum portions , and
  • a complementary chemical separation step subsequent to the complementary mechanical separation step and during which residues of second binder are separated in contact with walls, portions of barrel stretched from said walls by application to said residues of a compound suitable for reacting with the second binder.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, des sous-produits issus du traitement du conteneur et du contenu sont séparés en plusieurs groupes de matériaux prédéfinis.According to one aspect of the invention, by-products from the treatment of the container and the content are separated into several groups of predefined materials.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, lors de l'étape de refroidissement, on amène au moins ladite partie du liant à une température inférieure ou égale à une température de fragilité FRAASS du liant à laquelle et en deçà de laquelle le liant est cassant.According to one aspect of the invention, during the cooling step, at least said part of the binder is brought to a temperature less than or equal to a brittle FRAASS temperature of the binder at which and below which the binder is brittle.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le conteneur de déchets comprend initialement un lit de matière différente du liant, le procédé comprenant en outre une étape d'extraction initiale au cours de laquelle on extrait au moins une partie dudit lit de matière du conteneur, par exemple par aspiration.According to one aspect of the invention, the waste container initially comprises a bed of material different from the binder, the method further comprising an initial extraction step during which at least part of said bed of material is extracted from the container, for example by aspiration.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, le liant comprend, outre le bitume, une boue comprenant un effluent industriel ou issue d'un effluent industriel.According to one aspect of the invention, the binder comprises, in addition to the bitumen, a sludge comprising an industrial effluent or coming from an industrial effluent.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux Figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

  • La Figure 1 illustre un conteneur de déchets auquel le procédé de traitement selon l'invention est destiné à être appliqué ;
  • La Figure 2 est un diagramme-bloc illustrant les étapes du procédé de traitement selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended Figures, in which:
  • The Figure 1 illustrates a waste container to which the treatment method according to the invention is intended to be applied;
  • The Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating the steps of the treatment method according to the invention.

La Figure 1 illustre un conteneur de déchets 2 auquel un procédé de traitement selon l'invention est destiné à être appliqué.The Figure 1 illustrates a waste container 2 to which a treatment method according to the invention is intended to be applied.

Par procédé de traitement, on entend un procédé permettant de transformer le conteneur, notamment d'au moins séparer une partie des éléments qu'il contient du reste de celui-ci.By treatment process is meant a process for transforming the container, in particular at least separating part of the elements it contains from the rest of it.

Dans le contexte de l'invention, les déchets en question sont de type quelconque. Par exemple, ils peuvent être métalliques, organiques, non organiques, etc.In the context of the invention, the waste in question is of any type. For example, they can be metallic, organic, inorganic, etc.

En référence à la Figure 1, le conteneur 2 présente des parois 4 délimitant intérieurement un volume au sein duquel un contenu 6 du conteneur 2 est agencé. Outre le contenu 6 effectif du conteneur 2, le conteneur 2 comprend un liant 8 emplissant au moins partiellement l'espace délimité intérieurement entre les parois 4 du conteneur et le contenu 6.With reference to the Figure 1 , the container 2 has walls 4 internally delimiting a volume within which a content 6 of the container 2 is arranged. In addition to the actual content 6 of container 2, the container 2 comprises a binder 8 at least partially filling the space delimited internally between the walls 4 of the container and the content 6.

Le conteneur 2 présente par exemple une forme générale de fût cylindrique creux. Il est par exemple réalisé à partir de métal. Le conteneur 2 présente par exemple un volume supérieur à 100 L, et avantageusement supérieur à 200 L. Par exemple, il présente un volume valant sensiblement 220 L.The container 2 has for example a general form of hollow cylindrical barrel. It is for example made from metal. The container 2 has for example a volume greater than 100 L, and advantageously greater than 200 L. For example, it has a volume worth substantially 220 L.

Le conteneur 2 comprend par exemple des capots amovibles pour l'obturation et la libération de l'extrémité inférieure et/ou supérieure du conteneur.The container 2 comprises for example removable covers for closing and releasing the lower and / or upper end of the container.

Alternativement, le conteneur 2 se présente par exemple sous la forme d'une cuve. Ses parois sont par exemple réalisées à partir de métal, ou encore d'un autre matériau.Alternatively, the container 2 is for example in the form of a tank. Its walls are for example made from metal, or another material.

Comme décrit plus en détail ci-après, la cuve est avantageusement destinée à être réutilisée une fois le traitement terminé. Quant à elle, la matière des conteneurs se présentant sous forme de fûts est avantageusement destinée à faire l'objet d'un traitement ultérieur.As described in more detail below, the tank is advantageously intended to be reused once the treatment has ended. As for the container material, in the form of drums, is advantageously intended for further processing.

Le liant 8 est configuré pour emplir l'espace entre les parois du conteneur 2 et le contenu 6, notamment pour prévenir le mouvement relatif de ces éléments. En outre, il est configuré pour confiner les déchets en créant une barrière entre les déchets et l'environnement extérieur. En outre, optionnellement, il est adapté pour absorber une partie des rayonnements susceptibles d'être émis par les déchets, notamment lorsque ceux-ci sont radioactifs.The binder 8 is configured to fill the space between the walls of the container 2 and the content 6, in particular to prevent the relative movement of these elements. In addition, it is configured to contain waste by creating a barrier between the waste and the outside environment. In addition, optionally, it is suitable for absorbing part of the radiation liable to be emitted by the waste, in particular when the latter is radioactive.

Dans le cadre de l'invention, le liant 8 est un liant bitumineux. Autrement dit, il comprend du bitume.In the context of the invention, the binder 8 is a bituminous binder. In other words, it includes bitumen.

Dans certains réalisations, le liant 8 est constitué par du bitume, c'est-à-dire qu'il comprend essentiellement du bitume, le reste de sa composition (en poids par exemple) comprenant éventuellement des traces d'autres matériaux (tels que des résidus issus du matériau du conteneur ou du contenu 6).In certain embodiments, the binder 8 consists of bitumen, that is to say that it essentially comprises bitumen, the rest of its composition (by weight for example) possibly comprising traces of other materials (such as residues from the container material or content 6).

Dans d'autres réalisations, le liant 8 comprend également une boue. Cette boue est comprend ou est issue d'un effluent industriel. Par exemple, la boue est obtenue par séchage, filtrage et/ou transformation de l'effluent. Cette boue correspond par exemple à un déchet en tant que tel. Dans ces configurations, le liant 8 correspond avantageusement à un mélange de bitume et de boue.In other embodiments, the binder 8 also includes a mud. This sludge is understood or comes from an industrial effluent. For example, the mud is obtained by drying, filtering and / or processing the effluent. This mud corresponds for example to a waste as such. In these configurations, the binder 8 advantageously corresponds to a mixture of bitumen and mud.

Le liant 8 présente une température de fragilité FRAASS. Cette température peut être définie comme étant la température à laquelle des fissures se forment sur un film de liant agencé sur une lame soumise à des flexions successives. Cette température de fragilité FRAASS est par exemple comprise entre -5 °C et -15 °C.The binder 8 has a FRAASS brittleness temperature. This temperature can be defined as being the temperature at which cracks form on a binder film arranged on a blade subjected to successive bending. This FRAASS brittleness temperature is for example between -5 ° C and -15 ° C.

En pratique, à cette température de fragilité FRAASS et en deçà, le liant est cassant.In practice, at this FRAASS brittleness temperature and below, the binder is brittle.

Toujours en référence à la Figure 1, le contenu 6 comprend des déchets. Plus spécifiquement, il comprend un fût interne 10 dont les parois délimitent intérieurement un volume. Le fût interne 10 comprend, à l'intérieur de ce volume, un ou plusieurs fûts de stockage 12 comportant des déchets 14 et un deuxième liant 16. Optionnellement, il comprend en outre des éléments de calage 18 agencés dans ce volume.Still referring to the Figure 1 , content 6 includes waste. More specifically, it comprises an internal barrel 10 whose walls internally delimit a volume. The internal barrel 10 comprises, inside this volume, one or more storage barrels 12 comprising waste 14 and a second binder 16. Optionally, it also comprises wedging elements 18 arranged in this volume.

Le fût interne 10 présente une forme générale de fût cylindrique creux. Comme le conteneur 2, il est par exemple réalisé à partir de métal. Le fût interne 10 présente par exemple un volume supérieur à 50 L, et avantageusement supérieur à 100 L. Par exemple, il présente un volume valant sensiblement 115 L.The internal barrel 10 has a general form of hollow cylindrical barrel. Like container 2, it is for example made from metal. The internal barrel 10 has for example a volume greater than 50 L, and advantageously greater than 100 L. For example, it has a volume of substantially 115 L.

Le fût interne comprend un ou plusieurs capots pour l'obturation et la libération de son extrémité inférieure et/ou de son extrémité supérieure.The internal barrel includes one or more covers for closing and releasing its lower end and / or its upper end.

Les fûts de stockage 12 contiennent effectivement au moins une partie des déchets 14 pour le stockage desquels le conteneur 2 est prévu. Comme indiqué précédemment, ces déchets sont de type quelconque.The storage drums 12 actually contain at least part of the waste 14 for the storage of which the container 2 is provided. As indicated above, this waste is of any type.

Par exemple, dans des réalisations envisagées, les déchets 14 sont radioactifs. Ils comprennent alors par exemple des métaux ayant été exposés à des radiations, et qui présentent par exemple en surface des particules ou des dépôts radioactifs.For example, in envisaged embodiments, the waste 14 is radioactive. They then include, for example, metals which have been exposed to radiation, and which for example have radioactive particles or deposits on the surface.

Alternativement, ils ne sont pas radioactifs. Ils comprennent alors par exemple des matériaux plastiques (tels que des gants, du vinyle, etc.), du tissu (tel que de la tarlatane), du métal, du carton et/ou du papier.Alternatively, they are not radioactive. They then include for example plastic materials (such as gloves, vinyl, etc.), fabric (such as tarlatan), metal, cardboard and / or paper.

Les fûts de stockage 12 sont par exemple réalisés à partir de métal.The storage drums 12 are for example made from metal.

Avantageusement, les fûts de stockage 12 sont compactés. Autrement dit, chaque fût 12 est le résultat d'un compactage appliqué à un fût initial non compacté contenant les déchets 14. Ce fût initial présente par exemple un volume de l'ordre de 50 L, et valant par exemple sensiblement 60 L.Advantageously, the storage drums 12 are compacted. In other words, each barrel 12 is the result of compaction applied to an initial non-compacted barrel containing the waste 14. This initial barrel has for example a volume of the order of 50 L, and being worth for example substantially 60 L.

Le compactage a pour effet de diminuer le volume du fût initial, par exemple d'un facteur compris entre 4 et 5.Compaction has the effect of reducing the volume of the initial drum, for example by a factor of between 4 and 5.

Ces fûts de stockage sont par exemple connus sous l'acronyme anglophone CSD, pour « Compacted Small Drums », qui signifie petits fûts compactés.These storage drums are for example known by the English acronym CSD, for "Compacted Small Drums", which means small compacted drums.

Par exemple, le fût interne 10 comprend quatre fûts de stockage 12 superposés les uns sur les autres.For example, the internal barrel 10 comprises four storage barrels 12 superimposed on each other.

Le deuxième liant 16 est configuré pour emplir au moins en partie l'espace délimité entre les fûts de stockage et les parois du fût interne, notamment pour éviter leur mouvement relatif. En outre, il est configuré pour confiner les déchets en créant une barrière entre les déchets et l'environnement extérieur En outre, optionnellement, il est adapté pour absorber une partie des rayonnements susceptibles d'être émis par les déchets, notamment lorsque ceux-ci sont radioactifs.The second binder 16 is configured to fill at least partially the space delimited between the storage barrels and the walls of the internal barrel, in particular to avoid their relative movement. In addition, it is configured to confine the waste by creating a barrier between the waste and the external environment In addition, optionally, it is suitable for absorbing part of the radiation liable to be emitted by the waste, in particular when the latter is radioactive.

Le deuxième liant 16 est également un liant bitumineux. Autrement dit, il comprend du bitume.The second binder 16 is also a bituminous binder. In other words, it includes bitumen.

Dans certains réalisations, le deuxième liant 16 est constitué par du bitume.In certain embodiments, the second binder 16 consists of bitumen.

Dans d'autres réalisations, le deuxième liant 16 comprend également une boue. Cette boue comprend ou est issue d'un effluent industriel. Par exemple, la boue est obtenue par séchage, filtrage et/ou transformation de l'effluent. Cette boue correspond par exemple à un déchet en tant que tel. Cette boue est identique ou différente de la boue que le liant 8 peut comprendre. En outre, dans certaines réalisations, l'un des liants 8, 16 comprend une boue, tandis que l'autre n'en comprend pas.In other embodiments, the second binder 16 also includes a mud. This sludge includes or comes from an industrial effluent. For example, the mud is obtained by drying, filtering and / or processing the effluent. This mud corresponds for example to a waste as such. This mud is identical or different from the mud that the binder 8 can comprise. In addition, in certain embodiments, one of the binders 8, 16 comprises a mud, while the other does not.

Le deuxième liant 16 présente une température de fragilité FRAASS, comme le premier liant. Cette température est par exemple comprise entre -5 °C et -15 °C.The second binder 16 has a FRAASS brittleness temperature, like the first binder. This temperature is for example between -5 ° C and -15 ° C.

Optionnellement, le deuxième liant 16 et le premier liant 8 ont une composition sensiblement identique. Autrement dit, le liant entourant le contenu 6 et le liant situé à l'intérieur du fût interne sont un même liant.Optionally, the second binder 16 and the first binder 8 have a substantially identical composition. In other words, the binder surrounding the content 6 and the binder located inside the internal barrel are the same binder.

En pratique, même si les deux liants ont une composition initiale identique, ces deux liants sont susceptibles d'évoluer au cours du temps de manières différentes compte tenu de leurs environnements différents, de sorte que leur composition au moment du traitement peut être différente.In practice, even if the two binders have an identical initial composition, these two binders are liable to change over time in different ways taking into account their different environments, so that their composition at the time of treatment may be different.

Les éléments de calage 18 sont configurés pour maintenir les fûts de stockage 12 à distance de parois du fût interne 10. Par exemple, ils sont configurés pour maintenir ces fûts à distance de la paroi supérieure du fût interne.The wedging elements 18 are configured to keep the storage barrels 12 away from the walls of the internal barrel 10. For example, they are configured to keep these barrels away from the upper wall of the internal barrel.

Les éléments de calage 18 comprennent par exemple des cailloux interposés entre un ou plusieurs fûts de stockage 12 et la ou les parois à distance desquels ils maintiennent ces fûts.The wedging elements 18 comprise for example pebbles interposed between one or more storage drums 12 and the wall or walls at a distance from which they keep these drums.

Par exemple, dans l'exemple de la Figure 1, les éléments de calage 18 comprennent des cailloux interposés entre la face supérieure du fût de stockage situé le plus haut, et la paroi supérieure du fût interne.For example, in the example of the Figure 1 , the wedging elements 18 comprise pebbles interposed between the upper face of the highest storage barrel and the upper wall of the internal barrel.

Optionnellement, outre les éléments décrits ci-dessus, le conteneur 2 comprend en outre un lit de matière 20. Il est par exemple situé au fond du conteneur 2, le fût interne 10 étant posé sur le lit de matière 20.Optionally, in addition to the elements described above, the container 2 also comprises a bed of material 20. It is for example located at the bottom of the container 2, the internal barrel 10 being placed on the bed of material 20.

Ce lit de matière est avantageusement réalisé à partir d'un ou plusieurs matériaux autres que le liant. Par exemple, il comprend des matériaux inorganiques. Avantageusement, il comprend du sable, des cailloux, ou un mélange de sable et de cailloux.This bed of material is advantageously made from one or more materials other than the binder. For example, it includes inorganic materials. Advantageously, it comprises sand, pebbles, or a mixture of sand and pebbles.

Le procédé de traitement d'un conteneur 2 va maintenant être décrit en référence à la Figure 2.The method of processing a container 2 will now be described with reference to the Figure 2 .

Lors d'une étape de refroidissement S1, on refroidit le conteneur 2 pour amener au moins le liant 8 à une température à laquelle il est cassant. Avantageusement, on l'amène ainsi à une température inférieure à sa température de fragilité FRAASS. Par exemple, on amène le liant à une température inférieure à cette température de fragilité FRAASS d'au moins 5 °C.During a cooling step S1, the container 2 is cooled to bring at least the binder 8 to a temperature at which it is brittle. Advantageously, it is thus brought to a temperature below its FRAASS brittleness temperature. For example, the binder is brought to a temperature below this FRAASS brittleness temperature by at least 5 ° C.

Avantageusement, lors de cette étape, le deuxième liant 16 est également amené à une température à laquelle il est cassant. Autrement dit, il est amené à une température inférieure ou égale à sa température de fragilité FRAASS. Avantageusement, il est alors amené à une température inférieure à cette température de fragilité FRAASS d'au moins 5 °C.Advantageously, during this step, the second binder 16 is also brought to a temperature at which it is brittle. In other words, it is brought to a temperature lower than or equal to its FRAASS brittleness temperature. Advantageously, it is then brought to a temperature below this FRAASS brittleness temperature by at least 5 ° C.

En pratique, on amène le conteneur à une température inférieure ou égale à la plus petite des températures de fragilité FRAASS respectives des deux liants.In practice, the container is brought to a temperature less than or equal to the smallest of the respective FRAASS brittleness temperatures of the two binders.

Pour la mise en œuvre de cette étape, le conteneur 2 est entreposé dans un endroit où règne la température souhaitée pour le ou les liants, ou une température encore inférieure. Cet entrepôt est par exemple d'une durée de l'ordre de quelques jours, et dure avantageusement au moins trois jours.For the implementation of this step, the container 2 is stored in a place where the desired temperature prevails for the binder (s), or an even lower temperature. This warehouse is for example of the order of a few days, and advantageously lasts at least three days.

L'endroit en question est par exemple un sas de travail agencé au sein d'une chambre froide.The place in question is for example a work airlock arranged within a cold room.

Lors d'une étape de séparation mécanique primaire S2, on applique des chocs mécaniques pour casser le liant 8 de façon à libérer le contenu du conteneur dudit conteneur. Cette étape est menée alors que le liant est à une température telle qu'il est cassant. Cette température correspond à la température ciblée, ou à une température proche (la température au début de cette étape étant susceptible de varier légèrement, par exemple sous l'effet des manipulations du conteneur 2).During a primary mechanical separation step S2, mechanical shocks are applied to break the binder 8 so as to release the contents of the container from said container. This step is carried out while the binder is at a temperature such that it is brittle. This temperature corresponds to the target temperature, or to a close temperature (the temperature at the start of this step being liable to vary slightly, for example under the effect of handling the container 2).

Pour la mise en œuvre de cette étape, on ôte le ou les capots du conteneur pour libérer ses extrémités, pour rendre accessible le liant 8 et le contenu 2.For the implementation of this step, the cover (s) of the container are removed to release its ends, to make the binder 8 and the content 2 accessible.

Alternativement ou parallèlement, on procède à une découpe du conteneur 2, cette découpe fournissant des tronçons de conteneur.Alternatively or in parallel, the container 2 is cut, this cutting providing container sections.

Une fois le liant accessible, on applique des chocs mécaniques directement sur le liant 8. Pour ce faire, on emploie un outil de piquage. Par exemple, on emploie un marteau à aiguille, une bouchardeuse ou un burin.Once the binder is accessible, mechanical shocks are applied directly to the binder 8. To do this, a stitching tool is used. For example, a needle hammer, bush hammer or chisel is used.

On remarque que des chocs mécaniques peuvent également être appliqués au conteneur 2 et/ou au contenu 6.It is noted that mechanical shocks can also be applied to the container 2 and / or to the content 6.

Sous l'effet des chocs mécaniques, et du fait que le liant 8 est à une température à laquelle il est cassant, le liant 8 se fracture. On casse alors le liant joignant le contenu 2 au conteneur de façon à pouvoir libérer le contenu 2 du conteneur 6.Under the effect of mechanical shock, and the fact that the binder 8 is at a temperature at which it is brittle, the binder 8 fractures. The binder joining the content 2 to the container is then broken so that the content 2 can be released from the container 6.

A l'issue de cette étape S2, on dispose du contenu 6 extrait du conteneur 2, et du conteneur 2 (éventuellement sous forme de tronçons). Ici, ce contenu correspond au fût interne (et à son contenu à lui).At the end of this step S2, there is the content 6 extracted from the container 2, and from the container 2 (possibly in the form of sections). Here, this content corresponds to the internal barrel (and its content to it).

Les parois internes du conteneur sont au moins en partie couvertes par du liant 8, et le contenu 6 est également au moins en partie couvert par du liant 8. En d'autres termes, les parois externes du fût interne sont également couvertes au moins en partie par du liant.The internal walls of the container are at least partly covered by binder 8, and the content 6 is also at least partly covered by binder 8. In other words, the external walls of the internal barrel are also covered at least in part by binder.

Cette étape S2 est avantageusement mise en œuvre dans l'endroit d'entrepôt du conteneur 2, de sorte que celui-ci demeure à la température obtenue à l'issue de l'étape S1 ou à une température proche (la température obtenue étant inférieure à la température de fragilité FRAASS du liant et du deuxième liant).This step S2 is advantageously implemented in the warehouse location of the container 2, so that it remains at the temperature obtained at the end of step S1 or at a close temperature (the temperature obtained being lower at the FRAASS brittleness temperature of the binder and of the second binder).

Lors d'une étape de séparation mécanique secondaire S3, on sépare au moins une partie du liant au contact des parois du conteneur 2 par application de chocs mécaniques. En outre, on sépare au moins une partie du liant au contact du contenu 6 par application de chocs mécaniques. Cette séparation du liant du contenu 6 est réalisée immédiatement avant ou après la séparation mécanique du liant du conteneur, ou bien est décalée dans le temps.During a secondary mechanical separation step S3, at least part of the binder is separated in contact with the walls of the container 2 by application of mechanical shock. In addition, at least part of the binder is separated in contact with the content 6 by application of mechanical shock. This separation of the binder from the content 6 is carried out immediately before or after the mechanical separation of the binder from the container, or is offset over time.

Cette étape est mise en œuvre alors que le liant 8 est à une température à laquelle il est cassant. Si elle est réalisée en deux temps, le liant est, dans l'intervalle, avantageusement maintenu à une température inférieure ou égale à sa température de fragilité FRASS.This step is implemented while the binder 8 is at a temperature at which it is brittle. If it is carried out in two stages, the binder is, in the meantime, advantageously maintained at a temperature less than or equal to its FRASS brittleness temperature.

En pratique, cette étape consiste en un nettoyage mécanique des parois du conteneur 2 et de l'extérieur du contenu 6.In practice, this step consists of mechanical cleaning of the walls of the container 2 and of the outside of the content 6.

Les chocs mécaniques sont avantageusement appliqués au moins directement au liant qui couvre les parois du conteneur et le contenu 6. Alternativement ou parallèlement, ils sont appliqués aux parois du conteneur et/ou au contenu 6.The mechanical shocks are advantageously applied at least directly to the binder which covers the walls of the container and the content 6. Alternatively or in parallel, they are applied to the walls of the container and / or to the content 6.

Pour l'application des chocs mécaniques, on emploie avantageusement le même outillage que celui employé lors de l'étape S2.For the application of mechanical shock, the same tool is advantageously used as that used in step S2.

Sous l'effet des chocs mécaniques appliqués, le liant se casse et est séparé des parois du conteneur 2 et du contenu 6.Under the effect of the mechanical shocks applied, the binder breaks and is separated from the walls of the container 2 and the content 6.

Avantageusement, on sépare ainsi le liant 8 de ces éléments jusqu'à ce que seuls des résidus de liant demeurent sur ces éléments.Advantageously, the binder 8 is thus separated from these elements until only binder residues remain on these elements.

Lors d'une étape de séparation chimique S4, on sépare au moins une partie des résidus de liant des parois du conteneur 2 par application au moins sur les résidus d'un produit adapté pour réagir avec le liant.During a chemical separation step S4, at least a portion of the binder residues is separated from the walls of the container 2 by application at least to the residues of a product suitable for reacting with the binder.

Avantageusement, le produit est adapté pour liquéfier ou dissoudre le liant une fois au contact de celui-ci.Advantageously, the product is suitable for liquefying or dissolving the binder once in contact with it.

Par exemple, le produit utilisé est un ester méthylique issu de la transformation de matière végétale. Par exemple, il s'agit d'un ester méthylique issu de la transformation de colza. On remarque que cet ester est également utilisé en tant que biocarburant par certains véhicules. L'emploi de ce produit est avantageux car ce produit est faiblement toxique et est peu polluant.For example, the product used is a methyl ester resulting from the transformation of vegetable matter. For example, it is a methyl ester resulting from the transformation of rapeseed. It is noted that this ester is also used as a biofuel by certain vehicles. The use of this product is advantageous because this product is slightly toxic and is not very polluting.

Alternativement, on utilise un produit quelconque adapté pour liquéfier ou dissoudre le liant, tel que du toluène, du xylène ou autre.Alternatively, any suitable product is used to liquefy or dissolve the binder, such as toluene, xylene or the like.

Pour la mise en œuvre de cette étape, avantageusement, on immerge le conteneur (éventuellement sous forme de tronçons) dans un bain comprenant ce produit.For the implementation of this step, advantageously, the container is immersed (possibly in the form of sections) in a bath comprising this product.

Avantageusement, on chauffe le bain pour accélérer la réaction des résidus avec le produit.Advantageously, the bath is heated to accelerate the reaction of the residues with the product.

Avantageusement, cette séparation chimique est réalisée dans un endroit qui n'est pas réfrigéré, et n'est donc pas réalisé dans le sas de travail réfrigéré.Advantageously, this chemical separation is carried out in a place which is not refrigerated, and therefore is not carried out in the refrigerated working airlock.

Sous l'effet du produit, les résidus de liant se séparent des parois du conteneur 2. Les résidus de liant ainsi séparés sont en suspension dans le bain utilisé et peuvent être récupérés par la suite.Under the effect of the product, the binder residues separate from the walls of the container 2. The binder residues thus separated are suspended in the bath used and can be recovered thereafter.

Alternativement, lors de cette étape, on procède par frottis sur les résidus au moyen d'une étoffe imbibée du produit plutôt que par immersion dans un bain.Alternatively, during this step, the procedure is carried out by a smear on the residues by means of a cloth soaked in the product rather than by immersion in a bath.

Alternativement encore, on procède par pulvérisation du produit.Alternatively again, the product is sprayed.

Quelle que soit la méthode envisagée, avantageusement, cette étape comprend une finition avantageusement réalisée par frottis au moyen du produit réagissant avec le liant afin d'obtenir le niveau de propreté souhaité.Whatever the method envisaged, advantageously, this step comprises a finish advantageously produced by a smear using the product reacting with the binder in order to obtain the desired level of cleanliness.

A l'issue de cette étape, les parois internes du conteneur 2 sont sensiblement dépourvues de liant.At the end of this step, the internal walls of the container 2 are substantially devoid of binder.

Lors d'une deuxième étape de séparation mécanique primaire S5, on applique des chocs mécaniques pour casser le deuxième liant 16 pour libérer le ou les fûts de stockage 12 du fût interne 10. Cette étape est mise en œuvre tandis que le deuxième est une température à laquelle il est cassant.During a second primary mechanical separation step S5, mechanical shocks are applied to break the second binder 16 to release the storage drum (s) 12 from the internal drum 10. This step is implemented while the second is a temperature to which it is brittle.

Pour ce faire, comme précédemment, on procède initialement en ôtant le ou les capots du fût interne 10 pour rendre le deuxième liant accessible, ou en découpant le fût interne pour en obtenir des tronçons.To do this, as before, we proceed initially by removing the cover (s) from the internal barrel 10 to make the second binder accessible, or by cutting the internal barrel to obtain sections thereof.

Une fois le deuxième liant 16 accessible, on applique des chocs mécaniques au deuxième liant. Alternativement ou parallèlement, on applique des chocs mécaniques au fut interne 10 et/ou au fût de stockage 12.Once the second binder 16 is accessible, mechanical shocks are applied to the second binder. Alternatively or in parallel, mechanical shocks are applied to the internal barrel 10 and / or to the storage barrel 12.

Sous l'effet de ces chocs, le deuxième liant se fracture et désolidarise progressivement les fûts de stockage 12 du fût interne. On poursuit ainsi jusqu'à libérer les fûts de stockage 12 du fût interne 10, et on extrait les fûts de stockage du fût interne.Under the effect of these shocks, the second binder fractures and gradually separates the storage barrels 12 from the internal barrel. This is continued until the storage barrels 12 are released from the internal barrel 10, and the storage barrels are extracted from the internal barrel.

A l'issue de cette étape, on dispose ainsi d'une part du fût interne 10 et, d'autre part, du ou des fûts de stockage 12.At the end of this step, there is thus on the one hand the internal barrel 10 and, on the other hand, the storage barrel (s) 12.

Certaines des parois du fût interne, spécifiquement des parois externes, portent éventuellement des résidus du liant 8, et les parois internes portent au moins pour certaines du deuxième liant. Les fûts de stockage 12 ont des parois externes au moins en partie couvertes par du deuxième liant 16.Some of the walls of the internal barrel, specifically of the external walls, possibly carry residues of the binder 8, and the internal walls carry at least some of the second binder. The storage drums 12 have external walls at least partially covered by second binder 16.

Lors d'une deuxième étape de séparation mécanique secondaire S6, on retire au moins une partie du deuxième liant au contact des parois du fût interne par application de chocs mécaniques. Cette étape est menée alors que le deuxième liant est à une température à laquelle il est cassant.During a second secondary mechanical separation step S6, at least part of the second binder is removed in contact with the walls of the internal barrel by application of mechanical shock. This step is carried out while the second binder is at a temperature at which it is brittle.

En pratique, on procède comme précédemment en appliquant des chocs mécaniques sur le deuxième liant au contact des parois du fût interne et/ou pour séparer au moins une partie du deuxième liant des parois du fût interne.In practice, the procedure is as above by applying mechanical shocks to the second binder in contact with the walls of the internal barrel and / or to separate at least part of the second binder from the walls of the internal barrel.

Avantageusement, lors de cette étape, on nettoie aussi mécaniquement les parois du ou des fûts de stockage par application de chocs mécaniques au moins sur le deuxième liant qui s'y trouve.Advantageously, during this step, the walls of the storage barrel (s) are also mechanically cleaned by applying mechanical shocks at least to the second binder therein.

Lors de cette étape, on emploie par exemple le même outillage que précédemment.During this step, for example, the same tools are used as above.

A l'issue de cette étape, les parois internes du fût interne portent des résidus de deuxième liant, et les parois externes des résidus de liant.At the end of this step, the internal walls of the internal barrel carry residues of second binder, and the external walls of residues of binder.

Lors d'une deuxième étape de séparation chimique S7, on sépare les résidus de liant 8 au contact des parois du fût interne par application du produit réagissant avec le liant 8.During a second chemical separation step S7, the binder 8 residues are separated in contact with the walls of the internal barrel by application of the product reacting with the binder 8.

Avantageusement, lors de cette étape, les résidus de deuxième liant au contact des parois (internes) du fût interne 10 réagissent également et sont séparées du fût interne.Advantageously, during this step, the second binder residues in contact with the (internal) walls of the internal barrel 10 also react and are separated from the internal barrel.

Avantageusement, pour la mise en œuvre de cette étape, on immerge le fût interne (éventuellement sous forme de tronçons) dans un bain contenant le produit réagissant avec le liant 8, tel que l'ester méthylique décrit ci-dessus.Advantageously, for the implementation of this step, the internal barrel is immersed (possibly in the form of sections) in a bath containing the product reacting with the binder 8, such as the methyl ester described above.

Avantageusement, ce produit est également adapté pour réagir avec le deuxième liant, et sépare alors simultanément les résidus de deuxième liant des parois internes du fût interne.Advantageously, this product is also suitable for reacting with the second binder, and then simultaneously separates the residues of the second binder from the internal walls of the internal barrel.

Si nécessaire, notamment si le produit ne réagit pas ou que peu avec le deuxième liant, on utilise également dans le bain un deuxième produit adapté pour réagir avec le deuxième liant. Optionnellement, comme précédemment, on chauffe le bain pour accélérer la séparation des liants du fût interne.If necessary, in particular if the product does not react or only slightly with the second binder, a second product is also used in the bath suitable for reacting with the second binder. Optionally, as before, the bath is heated to accelerate the separation of the binders from the internal barrel.

Le bain ici employé est optionnellement le même que celui employé lors de l'étape S4.The bath used here is optionally the same as that used during step S4.

Les résidus du liant 8 et du deuxième liant 16 ainsi séparés sont alors présents en suspension dans le bain et peuvent être récupérés par la suite.The residues of the binder 8 and of the second binder 16 thus separated are then present in suspension in the bath and can be recovered thereafter.

Alternativement, lors de cette étape, plutôt qu'en employant un bain chimique, on procède par frottis sur les résidus d'une étoffe imbibée du produit ou des produits réagissant avec les liants, ou bien avec des étoffes respectivement imbibées de l'un des produits.Alternatively, during this step, rather than using a chemical bath, one proceeds by smearing on the residues of a fabric soaked in the product or products reacting with the binders, or else in fabrics respectively soaked in one of the products.

Alternativement encore, on procède par pulvérisation du produit ou des produits réagissant avec les liants.Alternatively again, the product or products reacting with the binders are sprayed.

Quelle que soit la méthode envisagée, avantageusement, cette étape comprend une finition avantageusement réalisée par frottis au moyen du produit ou des produits réagissant avec le/les liants afin d'obtenir le niveau de propreté souhaité.Whatever the method envisaged, advantageously, this step comprises a finish advantageously carried out by a smear using the product or products reacting with the binder (s) in order to obtain the desired level of cleanliness.

A l'issue de cette étape, les parois du fût interne sont sensiblement dépourvues de liant et de deuxième liant.At the end of this step, the walls of the internal barrel are substantially devoid of binder and second binder.

Lors d'une étape S8, on découpe le ou les fûts de stockage 12 pour en extraire les déchets 14. Pour la découpe, on procède par exemple de manière connue.During a step S8, the storage barrel (s) 12 are cut to extract the waste 14. For cutting, the procedure is carried out, for example, in a known manner.

A l'issue de cette étape, on dispose d'une part des déchets 14, et d'autre part de portions de fût issues de la découpe des fûts de stockage 12. Par exemple, on dispose de quatre portions pour chaque fût de stockage.At the end of this step, there is on the one hand waste 14, and on the other hand portions of barrel originating from the cutting of storage barrels 12. For example, there are four portions for each storage barrel .

Lors d'une étape S9, on étire les portions de fût de façon à rendre accessibles les plis susceptibles de s'être formés dans la matière des fûts de stockage lors de leur compactage.During a step S9, the barrel portions are stretched so as to make the folds likely to have formed in the material of the storage barrels accessible during their compaction.

A cet effet, on procède par exemple à l'aide d'un tire-fort, ou d'un autre dispositif connu.To this end, the procedure is carried out, for example, using a strong puller, or another known device.

Optionnellement, lors de cette étape ou postérieurement à celle-ci, les parois internes du ou des fûts de stockage ayant été au contact des déchets 14 sont nettoyées pour en ôter les éventuels résidus de déchets.Optionally, during this step or after it, the internal walls of the storage barrel (s) having been in contact with the waste 14 are cleaned to remove any residual waste therefrom.

Lors d'une étape de séparation mécanique complémentaire S10, on nettoie mécaniquement les portions de fût étirées obtenues à l'issue de l'étape S9 du deuxième liant qui les couvre au moins en partie par application de chocs mécaniques. Cette étape est mise en œuvre alors que le deuxième liant est à une température à laquelle il est cassant.During a complementary mechanical separation step S10, the stretched barrel portions obtained at the end of step S9 are mechanically cleaned of the second binder which covers them at least in part by applying mechanical shocks. This step is implemented while the second binder is at a temperature at which it is brittle.

Comme pour les étapes de nettoyage mécanique précédentes, cette étape vise à ôter mécaniquement la majeure partie du liant encore au contact des portions de fût une fois celles-ci étirées. Comme précédemment, on procède avantageusement avec un outil de piquage.As for the previous mechanical cleaning steps, this step aims to mechanically remove most of the binder still in contact with the barrel portions once they have been stretched. As before, we advantageously proceed with a stitching tool.

A l'issue de cette étape, on obtient des portions de fût étirées comprenant au plus des résidus de deuxième liant au contact de leurs parois, en l'occurrence de leur paroi externe.At the end of this stage, stretched barrel portions are obtained comprising at most residues of second binder in contact with their walls, in this case their external wall.

Lors d'une étape de séparation chimique complémentaire S11, on sépare les résidus des parois des portions de fût étirées par application sur ces résidus d'un composé réagissant avec le deuxième liant.During a complementary chemical separation step S11, the residues of the walls are separated from the stretched barrel portions by application to these residues of a compound reacting with the second binder.

Avantageusement, ce composé correspond au produit décrit ci-dessus, et est par exemple un ester méthylique.Advantageously, this compound corresponds to the product described above, and is for example a methyl ester.

Comme précédemment, on procède au moyen d'un bain comprenant ce composé et dans lequel les portions de fût sont agencées. Alternativement, on procède par frottis sur les résidus d'une étoffe imbibée du produit. Alternativement encore, on procède par pulvérisation du composé.As before, the procedure is carried out by means of a bath comprising this compound and in which the barrel portions are arranged. Alternatively, one proceeds by smearing on the residues of a cloth soaked in the product. Alternatively again, the compound is sprayed.

Quelle que soit la méthode envisagée, avantageusement, cette étape comprend une finition avantageusement réalisée par frottis au moyen du produit réagissant avec le liant afin d'obtenir le niveau de propreté souhaité.Whatever the method envisaged, advantageously, this step comprises a finish advantageously produced by a smear using the product reacting with the binder in order to obtain the desired level of cleanliness.

A l'issue de cette étape, les parois des fûts de stockage sont sensiblement dépourvues de deuxième liant.At the end of this step, the walls of the storage drums are substantially free of a second binder.

Lors d'une étape S12, on regroupe les différents sous-produits du traitement en groupes de matériaux. Ces groupes sont par exemple prédéfinis. Ils sont par exemple prédéfinis en fonction de la nature des différents sous-produits issus des étapes de traitement précédentes.During a step S12, the various by-products of the treatment are grouped into groups of materials. These groups are for example predefined. They are for example predefined as a function of the nature of the different by-products resulting from the preceding processing steps.

Par exemple, on regroupe ces matériaux au sein d'un ensemble de groupes comprenant au moins un groupe comportant le liant, le deuxième liant et les matériaux issus de ces derniers liant, un groupe comprenant des matériaux métalliques, un groupe comprenant des déchets organiques autres que les liants et les matériaux issus des liants, et un groupe comprenant des déchets inorganiques.For example, these materials are grouped within a set of groups comprising at least one group comprising the binder, the second binder and the materials derived from the latter binder, a group comprising metallic materials, a group comprising other organic waste as binders and materials from binders, and a group comprising inorganic waste.

Concernant le groupe associé aux liants, celui-ci comprend les morceaux de liants issus des étapes de séparation mécaniques ainsi que les produits issus des séparations chimiques. Pour la récupération de ces matériaux, les bains employés sont optionnellement filtrés et/ou séchés pour la récupération des résidus en suspension. Les résidus séparés autrement que par bain sont également collectés.Regarding the group associated with binders, this includes the pieces of binders from the mechanical separation steps as well as the products from the chemical separations. For the recovery of these materials, the baths used are optionally filtered and / or dried for the recovery of suspended residues. Residues separated other than by bath are also collected.

Avantageusement, pour la formation de ce groupe, les morceaux de liants issus des séparations mécaniques sont concassés et/ou broyés. Ceci permet notamment la récupération des éléments de calage 18 qui sont séparés du fût interne lors de la deuxième étape de séparation mécanique primaire.Advantageously, for the formation of this group, the pieces of binders from the mechanical separations are crushed and / or ground. This allows in particular the recovery of the wedging elements 18 which are separated from the internal barrel during the second primary mechanical separation step.

Les éléments de calage 18 sont alors regroupés au sein des déchets inorganiques s'il s'agit de cailloux, ou bien au sein du groupe adapté.The wedging elements 18 are then grouped within inorganic waste if it is pebbles, or else within the adapted group.

Les matériaux métalliques, et notamment la matière du conteneur 2, du fût interne et des portions étirées du fût de stockage, sont réunis au sein du groupe des matériaux métalliques.The metallic materials, and in particular the material of the container 2, of the internal barrel and of the drawn portions of the storage barrel, are brought together within the group of metallic materials.

Les autres déchets organiques, provenant par exemple des déchets 14, sont aussi rassemblés.The other organic waste, for example from waste 14, is also collected.

On remarque que cette étape S12 est optionnellement mise en œuvre de manière au moins partiellement automatisée. Alternativement, elle est mise en œuvre manuellement.Note that this step S12 is optionally implemented in an at least partially automated manner. Alternatively, it is implemented manually.

En outre, avantageusement, elle se déroule en parallèle des étapes précédentes, de sorte que les sous-produits des étapes précédentes sont collectés dès leur séparation du conteneur, et non simplement à l'issue des étapes précédentes.In addition, advantageously, it takes place in parallel with the preceding stages, so that the by-products of the preceding stages are collected as soon as they are separated from the container, and not simply at the end of the preceding stages.

Une fois ces groupes constitués et les matériaux récupérés, les matériaux des groupes sont agencés dans des containers dédiés. Optionnellement, ils font l'objet d'un traitement ultérieur.Once these groups have been set up and the materials have been collected, the group's materials are arranged in dedicated containers. Optionally, they are further processed.

Par exemple, lors d'une étape ultérieure, les éléments du groupe des matériaux métalliques font l'objet d'un traitement par fusion. Les déchets organiques font l'objet d'un traitement par incinération. Le groupe des matériaux comprenant les liants est également incinéré. Les déchets inorganiques sont quant à eux par exemple stockés dans leur présente forme.For example, during a subsequent step, the elements of the group of metallic materials are subjected to a fusion treatment. Organic waste is treated by incineration. The group of materials comprising the binders is also incinerated. Inorganic waste is for example stored in its present form.

On remarque que le groupe des matériaux inorganiques comprend avantageusement la matière du lit de matière 20. Avantageusement, cette matière est extraite du conteneur 2 lors d'une étape préalable au cours de laquelle cette matière est extraite, par exemple par aspiration. Pour ce faire, on procède par exemple à travers le capot inférieur du conteneur 2.It is noted that the group of inorganic materials advantageously comprises the material of the bed of material 20. Advantageously, this material is extracted from the container 2 during a prior step during which this material is extracted, for example by suction. To do this, we proceed for example through the lower cover of the container 2.

Alternativement, elle est récupérée lors de l'étape S2.Alternatively, it is recovered during step S2.

Le procédé ci-dessus a été décrit pour un conteneur 2 dont le contenu 6 initial comprend un fût interne 10 comportant un ou des fûts de stockage.The above method has been described for a container 2 whose initial content 6 comprises an internal barrel 10 comprising one or more storage barrels.

En variante, le contenu 6 est dépourvu de fût interne. Autrement dit, le ou les fûts de stockage sont agencés directement dans le conteneur 2, tout ou partie de leurs parois étant initialement au contact du liant. Cette configuration est avantageuse dans la mesure où elle permet le stockage d'un plus grand nombre de fûts de stockage 12 par conteneur 2, par exemple cinq au lieu de quatre.As a variant, the content 6 has no internal barrel. In other words, the storage drum (s) are arranged directly in the container 2, all or part of their walls being initially in contact with the binder. This configuration is advantageous insofar as it allows the storage of a larger number of storage drums 12 per container 2, for example five instead of four.

Dans cette configuration, le procédé suit le même schéma, mais est dépourvu des étapes S5 à S7, spécifiquement prévues pour la récupération du deuxième liant. Or, dans cette configuration, le conteneur 2 ne comprend pas de deuxième liant.In this configuration, the method follows the same scheme, but is devoid of steps S5 to S7, specifically provided for the recovery of the second binder. However, in this configuration, the container 2 does not include a second binder.

Autrement dit, dans cette configuration, le procédé comprend les étapes S1 à S4, au cours desquelles on refroidit le conteneur pour rendre le liant cassant, on sépare le contenu du conteneur en cassant le liant, on nettoie mécaniquement les parois du conteneur et le contenu du liant à leur contact, et on nettoie chimiquement le conteneur 2 de façon à ôter avantageusement tous les résidus de liant restant à son contact.In other words, in this configuration, the method comprises steps S1 to S4, during which the container is cooled to make the binder brittle, the contents of the container are separated by breaking the binder, the walls of the container and the contents are mechanically cleaned of the binder in contact with them, and the container 2 is chemically cleaned so as to advantageously remove all the binder residues remaining in contact with it.

Suite à cela, on procède au découpage du ou des fûts de stockage selon l'étape S8, on étire les portions de fût selon l'étape S9), et on les nettoie mécaniquement et chimiquement pour en ôter le liant 8 selon le principe des étapes S10 et S11, à ceci près que l'on vise ici à ôter le liant 8 (et non le deuxième liant 16 comme dans la réalisation décrite ci-dessus).Following this, the storage barrel (s) is cut out according to step S8, the barrel portions are stretched according to step S9), and they are cleaned mechanically and chemically in order to remove the binder 8 according to the principle of steps S10 and S11, except that the aim here is to remove the binder 8 (and not the second binder 16 as in the embodiment described above).

On regroupe ensuite les différents matériaux en groupes de matériaux comme décrit ci-dessus lors de l'étape S12.The different materials are then grouped into groups of materials as described above during step S12.

En outre, dans certaines réalisations, les fûts de stockage ne sont pas compactés. Le procédé est sensiblement identique à celui décrit ci-dessus, à la différence que l'on n'étire pas les portions de fût issues de la découpe du ou des fûts de stockage.In addition, in some embodiments, the storage drums are not compacted. The process is substantially identical to that described above, with the difference that the barrel portions from the cutting of the storage barrel (s) are not stretched.

Par ailleurs, dans certaines réalisations, le contenu 6 du conteneur est dépourvu de fût de stockage et de fût interne. Les déchets 14 du contenu sont alors initialement au contact direct du liant.Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the content 6 of the container is devoid of storage barrel and internal barrel. The waste 14 of the content is then initially in direct contact with the binder.

Dans cette configuration, le procédé comprend les étapes S1 à S4 et l'étape S12. Autrement dit, on refroidit le conteneur et on sépare les déchets du conteneur en cassant le liant refroidi comme ci-dessus, on nettoie mécaniquement les déchets et le conteneur pour en séparer la majeure partie du liant, puis on nettoie chimiquement le conteneur et les déchets pour ôter les résidus de liant. On regroupe alors les différents sous-produits de ce traitement dans les groupes souhaités.In this configuration, the method comprises steps S1 to S4 and step S12. In other words, we cool the container and we separate the waste from the container by breaking the cooled binder as above, we mechanically clean the waste and the container to separate most of the binder, then we chemically clean the container and the waste to remove binder residue. The various by-products of this treatment are then grouped into the desired groups.

En outre, dans certaines réalisations, le conteneur 2 se présente sous la forme d'une cuve. Le contenu 6 comprend optionnellement des fûts de stockage, eux-mêmes optionnellement agencés dans un fût interne.In addition, in certain embodiments, the container 2 is in the form of a tank. The content 6 optionally includes storage barrels, themselves optionally arranged in an internal barrel.

Le procédé de traitement est identique au procédé décrit ci-dessus ou à l'une des variantes ci-dessus en fonction de la présence ou non d'un (ou plusieurs) fût interne et d'un ou plusieurs fûts de stockage, à la différence que les parois du conteneur ne sont pas découpées et que leur matériau n'est pas regroupé au sein des groupes de matériaux lors de l'étape S12.The treatment process is identical to the process described above or to one of the above variants depending on the presence or absence of one (or more) internal barrel and one or more storage barrels, at the difference that the walls of the container are not cut and that their material is not grouped within groups of materials during step S12.

En outre, dans certaines configurations, par exemple dans lesquelles le conteneur 2 n'est pas déplaçable ou occupe un grand volume, au lieu de mettre en œuvre le procédé de traitement au sein d'un sas de travail réfrigéré, on procède en refroidissant localement la cuve ou des zones successives de la cuve.Furthermore, in certain configurations, for example in which the container 2 is not movable or occupies a large volume, instead of implementing the treatment method within a refrigerated working airlock, the procedure is carried out by locally cooling. the tank or successive areas of the tank.

Pour ce faire, on procède par exemple par injection d'un fluide froid, avantageusement choisi parmi l'azote liquide, l'air liquide ou le gaz carbonique liquide. Ces fluides présentent l'avantage de ne pas générer d'effluent liquide ou de déchet supplémentaire.This is done, for example, by injecting a cold fluid, advantageously chosen from liquid nitrogen, liquid air or liquid carbon dioxide. These fluids have the advantage of not generating liquid effluent or additional waste.

Ainsi, par exemple, initialement, on refroidit une zone de la cuve au sein de laquelle on fracture ensuite le liant, et on procède ainsi par une succession de séquences de refroidissement chacune suivie d'une séquence de chocs mécaniques au cours de chacune desquelles le liant nouvellement rendu cassant est cassé de façon à séparer ce liant cassé du conteneur. On procède ainsi jusqu'à pouvoir séparer le contenu effectif de la cuve de la cuve elle-même. En outre, on extrait ainsi la majeure partie du liant du conteneur lui-même. Pour les étapes subséquentes, on procède à l'identique pour le contenu 2, c'est-à-dire par injection locale de fluide froid lorsque cela est nécessaire, notamment pour abaisser ou maintenir la température du ou des liants à une température inférieure à leur température de fragilité FRAASS pour l'application de chocs mécaniques, ou on déplace le contenu 6 dans le sas de travail réfrigéré décrit ci-dessus pour se ramener au procédé décrit.Thus, for example, initially, an area of the tank is cooled within which the binder is then fractured, and this is done by a succession of cooling sequences each followed by a sequence of mechanical shocks during each of which the newly made brittle binder is broken to separate this broken binder from the container. This is done until the actual contents of the tank can be separated from the tank itself. In addition, most of the binder is thus extracted from the container itself. For the subsequent steps, the procedure is identical for the content 2, that is to say by local injection of cold fluid when necessary, in particular for lowering or maintaining the temperature of the binder (s) at a temperature below their FRAASS brittleness temperature for the application of mechanical shocks, or the content 6 is moved in the refrigerated working airlock described above to reduce to the process described.

On remarque qu'au moins la partie de l'étape de séparation mécanique secondaire visant la séparation du liant des parois de la cuve est avantageusement mise en œuvre via injection locale de fluide froid.It is noted that at least the part of the secondary mechanical separation step aimed at the separation of the binder from the walls of the tank is advantageously implemented via local injection of cold fluid.

Dans certaines réalisations, certaines variantes sont combinées. Par exemple, dans une réalisation, on procède au traitement d'un conteneur 2 tel que celui de la Figure 1 en refroidissant localement des portions de liant par injection de fluide froid et en cassant ces portions de liant lors de l'étape de séparation mécanique primaire et l'étape de refroidissement, comme pour la variante ci-dessus.In certain embodiments, certain variants are combined. For example, in one embodiment, we proceed to the treatment of a container 2 such as that of the Figure 1 by locally cooling binder portions by injection of cold fluid and by breaking these binder portions during the primary mechanical separation step and the cooling step, as for the above variant.

En outre, dans certaines réalisations, une partie des déchets du contenu (autres que les éventuels déchets que contient le liant lui-même) est initialement au contact direct du liant, une partie des déchets est agencée dans au moins un fût de stockage initialement au contact du liant, et/ou une partie des déchets est agencée dans au moins un fût de stockage situé dans un fût interne comprenant un deuxième liant. Le procédé comprend alors les étapes des différentes réalisations décrites ci-dessus.In addition, in certain embodiments, part of the waste of the content (other than any waste that the binder itself contains) is initially in direct contact with the binder, part of the waste is arranged in at least one storage drum initially at contact of the binder, and / or part waste is arranged in at least one storage drum located in an internal drum comprising a second binder. The method then includes the steps of the various embodiments described above.

L'invention présente de nombreux avantages.The invention has many advantages.

En effet, par le recours à un principe de séparation mécanique mis en œuvre lorsque le liant est rendu cassant, le traitement du conteneur est simplifié. En particulier, il permet de s'affranchir du chauffage du conteneur, qui comporte des risques et n'est pas adapté à tous les types de déchets. En outre, la quantité de produits chimiques nécessaire au traitement du conteneur est réduite, le recours à une voie de réaction chimique n'intervenant pas de façon centrale dans le cadre du principe selon l'invention.Indeed, by using a principle of mechanical separation implemented when the binder is made brittle, the treatment of the container is simplified. In particular, it overcomes the heating of the container, which involves risks and is not suitable for all types of waste. In addition, the quantity of chemicals necessary for the treatment of the container is reduced, the recourse to a chemical reaction route not intervening centrally within the framework of the principle according to the invention.

Par ailleurs, la complexité des étapes du procédé est réduite dans la mesure où la plupart des étapes sont prévues pour être mise en œuvre dans un seul et même endroit.Furthermore, the complexity of the steps of the process is reduced since most of the steps are intended to be implemented in one and the same place.

En effet, comme rendu apparent ci-dessus, toutes les étapes sèches sont prévues pour être mises en œuvre au sein du sas de travail réfrigéré. Aussi, avantageusement, toutes les étapes S1 à S10 ci-dessus à l'exception des étapes S4 et S7 de séparation chimique sont avantageusement mises en œuvre sans que le conteneur ne soit sorti du sas de travail réfrigéré lorsque la configuration du conteneur l'autorise.Indeed, as made apparent above, all the dry steps are intended to be implemented within the airlock of refrigerated work. Also, advantageously, all of the steps S1 to S10 above with the exception of the steps S4 and S7 of chemical separation are advantageously implemented without the container having left the refrigerated working airlock when the configuration of the container allows it. .

Claims (19)

  1. A method for treating a waste container, the waste container initially comprising on the one hand a binder (8) comprising bitumen, and on the other hand, in addition to said binder, contents (6) in contact with the binder and including waste (14), the method comprising:
    - a cooling step (S1) during which at least part of the waste container (2) is cooled to bring at least part of the binder (8) to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, and
    - a primary mechanical separation step (S2) implemented when the binder of at least said part is brittle, during which mechanical shocks are applied to break the binder of at least said part to separate at least the binder of said part from said container.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling step comprises a plurality of cooling sequences during each of which a part of the binder is cooled to bring the binder of said part to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, the primary mechanical separation step comprising, for each cooling sequence, a sequence of mechanical shocks to break the binder of said part cooled during the corresponding cooling sequence.
  3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, during the cooling step, the container is cooled to bring the entire binder to a temperature at which the binder is brittle, and, during the mechanical separation step, the contents of the container are separated by applying mechanical shocks to break at least part of the binder.
  4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, at the end of the primary mechanical separation step, the contents are separated from the container, at least part of the walls of the container (2) and the contents (6) being covered by the binder, the method further comprising a secondary mechanical separation step (S3) implemented when the binder covering said part of the container walls and the contents are brittle and after the primary mechanical separation step, during which at least part of the binder (8) in contact with the walls of the container and in contact with the contents of said walls and of said contents is separated by a new application of mechanical shocks.
  5. The method according to claim 4, the method further comprising a chemical separation step (S4) subsequent to the secondary mechanical separation step and during which all or part of binder (8) residues in contact with the container (2) of said container are separated by applying a product adapted to react with the binder on the residues.
  6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least part of the waste (14) of the contents is initially in direct contact with the binder.
  7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contents comprise at least one storage drum (12) including at least part of the waste (14), the binder being initially in contact with the walls of the storage drum (12).
  8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contents (2) of the container comprise an internal drum (10) containing on the one hand at least one storage drum (12) including at least part of the waste (14) and on the other hand a second binder (16) comprising bitumen, said second binder being initially in contact with walls of the internal drum (10) and the storage drum (12).
  9. The method according to claim 8, wherein during the cooling step, the second binder (16) is brought to a second binder temperature at which the second binder is brittle, the method further comprising a second primary mechanical separation step (S5) implemented while the second binder is brittle, during which mechanical shocks are applied to break the second binder (16) to release the storage drum (12) from the internal drum (10).
  10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the walls of the internal drum (10) and the storage drum (12) are at least in partly covered by the second binder (16) at the end of said second primary mechanical separation step, the method further comprising a second secondary mechanical separation step (S6) implemented when the second binder is brittle, during which the second binder, the walls of the internal drum and/or the walls of the storage drum are mechanically shocked to separate at least part of the second binder from the walls of the internal drum and the storage drum.
  11. The method according to claims 5 and 8, further comprising a second chemical separation step (S7) during which all or part of the binder residues (8) in contact with walls of the internal drum are separated by applying said product on the residues.
  12. The method according to claims 10 and 11, wherein, during the second chemical separation step (S7), residues of a second binder (16) in contact with the internal drum are furthermore separated from the walls of the internal drum under the effect of said product or of a second product adapted to react with the second binder.
  13. The method according to claim 7 or 9, wherein the storage drum (12) is initially compacted, the method further comprising:
    - cutting (S8) the storage drum into drum portions for the extraction of waste, and
    - stretching (S9) the drum portions to obtain stretched drum portions.
  14. The method according to claims 7 and 13, further comprising:
    - a complementary mechanical separation step (S10) implemented when the binder is brittle, during which the binder and/or the stretched drum portions are mechanically shocked to separate at least part of the wall binder from the walls of the stretched drum portions, and
    - a complementary chemical separation step (S11) subsequent to the complementary mechanical separation step and during which binder residues in contact with walls of stretched drum portions are separated from said walls by applying a product adapted to react with the binder on said residues.
  15. The method according to claims 9 and 13, further comprising:
    - a complementary mechanical separation step (S10) implemented when the second binder is brittle, during which the second binder and/or the stretched drum portions are mechanically shocked to separate at least part of the second wall binder from the stretched drum portions, and
    - a complementary chemical separation step (S11) subsequent to the complementary mechanical separation step and during which residues of a second binder (16) in contact with walls of the stretched drum portions are separated from said walls by applying a compound adapted to react with the second binder (16) on said residues.
  16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein by-products from the treatment of the container and the contents are separated into several groups of predefined materials.
  17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, during the cooling step, at least said part of the binder is brought to a temperature less than or equal to an FRAASS brittleness temperature at which and below which the binder is brittle.
  18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the waste container initially comprises a bed of material (20) different from the binder, the method further comprising an initial extraction step during which at least part of said bed of material is extracted from the container, for example by suction.
  19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the binder comprises, in addition to the bitumen, a sludge comprising an industrial effluent or derived from an industrial effluent.
EP17720543.2A 2016-04-04 2017-04-04 Improved process for the treatment of a waste container Active EP3440677B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1652945A FR3049476B1 (en) 2016-04-04 2016-04-04 PROCESS FOR IMPROVED TREATMENT OF A WASTE CONTAINER
PCT/FR2017/050791 WO2017174922A1 (en) 2016-04-04 2017-04-04 Method for improved treatment of a waste container

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2361732C2 (en) * 1973-12-12 1982-09-09 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe Screw shaft extruder for fixing radioactive and / or toxic waste materials
DE3047458C2 (en) * 1980-12-17 1984-12-13 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Container arrangement for the temporary storage of solid radioactive waste
CA1223834A (en) * 1986-04-15 1987-07-07 William K. Schmidt Recovery of bitumen and separation of solids from middlings and tailings associated with the hot water process
ITTO20080047A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-19 Euroline Srl MACHINE AND METHOD TO SMOOTH PORTIONS OF BITUMINOUS MATERIAL IN RECYCLABLE GRANULES

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LT3440677T (en) 2020-10-12
FR3049476A1 (en) 2017-10-06

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