EP3434863A1 - Procédé de détection de fuites et de mesure de débit de fuite dans un puits, détection de chute de sel dans une caverne et système mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de fuites et de mesure de débit de fuite dans un puits, détection de chute de sel dans une caverne et système mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3434863A1
EP3434863A1 EP17183856.8A EP17183856A EP3434863A1 EP 3434863 A1 EP3434863 A1 EP 3434863A1 EP 17183856 A EP17183856 A EP 17183856A EP 3434863 A1 EP3434863 A1 EP 3434863A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
brine
data
event
wellbore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP17183856.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Benoit Brouard
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Brouard Consulting
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Brouard Consulting
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Priority to EP17183856.8A priority Critical patent/EP3434863A1/fr
Publication of EP3434863A1 publication Critical patent/EP3434863A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
    • E21B47/047—Liquid level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of the underground hydrocarbon storage and salt production industry.
  • the present invention belongs to the field of real-time non-intrusive downhole interface-depth or/and casing length measurement, and salt fall event detection in a storage cavern.
  • a tubing 101 and a surrounding annulus 102 are introduced inside a hole in the ground, said hole having three cemented casings 104a, 104b, 104c. Water is injected through the tubing 101 in a saline formation, while resulting brine 105 is withdrawn through the annulus 102 surrounding the tubing 101.
  • a leaching realised this way is commonly known as "direct leaching".
  • the dissolution of the salt leads to the formation of the salt cavern 106, which gets filled of brine.
  • the leaching process is implemented in stages. At each stage of the process, a blanket 107, consisting in an inert fluid with regard to the brine 105, is pumped-in through an outer space 103 surrounding the aforementioned annulus 102.
  • the blanket 107 can be a liquid or a gas, such as oil or nitrogen.
  • the blanket 107 forms an horizontal cavern roof limiting the dissolution of the saline formation by the brine in a vertical way, thus favouring the formation of wide slices of brine.
  • the tubing 101 and the annular space 102 may be moved upwards, and the blanket level has to be consequently readjusted, to proceed to the formation of another slice of brine.
  • the salt cavern 106 is formed by the overlaying of the created slices.
  • the implementation of the leaching process in stages ensures the desired shape of the salt cavern, which mainly depends on the blanket level at each stage of the process, said blanket level being defined by a depth d below ground of an interface 108 between the brine 105 and the blanket 107.
  • MIT mechanical integrity tests
  • NLT Nitrogen Leak Test
  • LLT Liquid-Liquid Test
  • the NLT consists in injecting brine 105 through a central tubing while injecting nitrogen along an annular space located between said central tubing and the at least two cemented casings, down under the last cemented casing shoe 109.
  • the depth of the interface between the blanket and the brine is measured at least twice, at time intervals separated by 24 hours. An upward displacement of the interface is deemed to indicate a nitrogen leak.
  • the pipes used to inject the fluids may present plugs or may be damaged, so it is necessary to have a way to check the operational status of the wellbore.
  • a large number of salt caverns are used for fluid hydrocarbon storage worldwide. These caverns have various sizes, with volumes ranging up to millions of barrels or millions of cubic meters. When liquid products are being stored, they are typically pumped in or out by displacement with brine. Handling of the brine normally involves hanging strings used to pump brine near the bottom of the cavern. It appears that hanging strings, regardless of the product handled, may be damaged when they extend significantly down into the cavern. Some events as salt-block fall, or also buckling due to inappropriate flowrates, can damage these hanging strings. An undetected damaged string can later on lead to some dramatic incident such as cavern overfilling.
  • the accumulation volumes of salt fall material can be extremely large (up to tens of millions cubic meters), indicating that only a few of the salt falls are large enough to cause significant damage.
  • a salt-block fall can be detected by fast pressure changes measured at wellhead during a short period of time. Nevertheless, some fast pressure variations can occur at wellhead without being due to salt falls. Therefore, the real-time detection of salt falls, their filtering to distinguish between significant and insignificant events, and their characterization by volume and by location can provide a very valuable information when operating a storage cavern, and it is helpful for an early detection of damaged strings.
  • the European patent number EP 0111353 discloses a capacitance-principle-based down-hole tool to measure the position of the interface. An electrode is inserted in the tubing, the tubing wall acting as a second electrode, and the difference in capacitances for blanket medium and for brine medium is used to determine the interface position upon the capacitive measuring principle.
  • the American patent application US 4934186 discloses an apparatus allowing continuous calculations of the depth of a fluid level within a wellbore filled with gas during a test interval.
  • a sonic pulse is generated by an assembly located on the wellhead, travels down the annulus between the tubing and the casing of the well, and reflects off down hole discontinuities such as collars (tubing couplings) and the interface.
  • the reflected sonic energy is sensed by a microphone. Knowing the acoustic round trip travel time and the number of collars allow the apparatus to calculate the interface depth.
  • This apparatus can be used for measurements in annulus filled with gas as well, but requires a substantially uniform annulus, so that the reflected signal does not contain extraneous echoes due to a substantial change in the cross section of the annulus, permitting the echoes due to the collars to be precisely identified. Therefore, such an apparatus is more adapted to hydrocarbon production wells than storage wells which often requires the use of a plurality of cemented casings having different cross-section areas impeding the measurement. Furthermore, this type of apparatus is to be used punctually during tests such as MIT, so it does not allow the detection of a leak appearing between two tests, which can be separated by a long time interval. Moreover this apparatus is compatible with a gas medium only, thus its usage is limited by a gas blanket wells.
  • the invention addresses the issues left unsolved by the prior art, by allowing a continuous real-time detection of anomalies or/and impedance contrasts encountered in a wellbore filled with liquid and/or gas media, and by permitting especially a measurement of the depth of the blanket-brine interface.
  • the invention relates to a method for the detection of salt fall event in a cavern and of at least one anomaly or impedance contrast of a wellbore such as a fluid-fluid interface, including:
  • said method further includes a step of spectrally and statistically analyzing said numerical signal data, and, in case an event is detected during step, a step of analyzing spectral parameters of brine pressure data for checking whether the event corresponds to a salt fall event detection.
  • the method is applied to the detection of a fluid-fluid interface.
  • the method is applied to leak detection and leak rate measurement.
  • the method further comprises a step of remotely storing the acquired numerical signal and static data, salt fall detection and characterization results and the results of the spectral and statistical analyses.
  • the method further comprises a step of displaying the acquired signal data and the results of the spectral and statistical analyses.
  • the method further comprises a step of informing the operator, when appropriate, of an unexpected event such as salt fall event.
  • the method further comprises a step of carrying out measurements of slowly varying parameters in the wellbore, the expression "slowly varying" meaning such parameters have a period of variation exceeding a period between measurements of these parameters which is up to 5 minutes.
  • the invention also relates to a system for implementing the method of the invention.
  • the system of the invention comprises means for:
  • system of the invention includes:
  • the dynamic pressure transducer is a piezoelectric or quartz pressure sensor.
  • the static pressure sensor is a passive pressure transmitter.
  • the brine static pressure sensor is a passive pressure transmitter.
  • the static temperature sensor is a RTD/thermocouple element.
  • the system of the invention comprises means for displaying the numerical signal data, brine static data and static data, and the results of the spectral and statistical analyses of said signal data, salt fall detection and characterization results.
  • the high-frequency data acquisition system also comprises means allowing a wireless and/or cellular communication.
  • the system also includes an alarm system.
  • the system comprises means for carrying out measurements of static parameters in the wellbore, ambient parameters such as atmospheric pressure and temperature, hardware monitoring parameters such as voltage, temperature, battery charge level etc.
  • the invention relates to a method 200 for the detection of at least one anomaly/impedance contrast of a wellbore.
  • Such impedance contrasts or anomalies might be a fluid-fluid interface, a plug in a pipe or a damaged pipe, which are mentioned by way of example only and do not restrict the scope of the invention.
  • pipe is used in the description to generally designate a long hollow body meant to contain liquid or gas.
  • Tubing, casing and annulus are examples of pipes concerned by the invention.
  • the method 200 is implemented to determine:
  • the method 200 includes the following steps:
  • the method starts again at step 201.
  • the brine static pressure level is first measured during step 201 at the wellhead and then analyzed 202 for a deviation from average value. Sufficient deviation of brine pressure level from its average value signals about an event processing in the cavern and in well, workover procedure etc. A deviation shall be considered “sufficient” here when it is beyond a threshold generally comprised between 0.1 bar to 2 bars, the exact value of the threshold being determined for each cavern especially, depending on cavern properties as its type, size and average brine pressure value, on ambient conditions as background pressure noise from mechanic and other activities etc. The threshold also depends on minimal size/weight of salt block which is supposed to be detected.
  • the pressure disturbance pulse is triggered 206 in the wellbore, "few" meaning that the deviation is below the threshold hereinabove mentioned.
  • the pressure disturbance pulse can be triggered by the way of introducing either a brief depression or a brief excessive pressure, thus creating respectively an implosion or an explosion inside the wellbore.
  • the pressure disturbance pulse propagates through the wellbore, from the wellhead through the substantially vertical wellbore, and is partially distorted by the brine-blanket interface 108.
  • the distorted wave travels back through the wellbore and is received at the wellhead, where the pressure variations are converted and recorded into an numerical signal data.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the results of spectral analysis process and statistical methods applied to a recorded numerical pressure data 410.
  • Spectral analysis and following process consist in spectral noise minimization enhancement of frequency resolution leaps corresponding to initial depression pulse properties and impedance contrasts in the well and other irregularities.
  • the numerical data obtained after spectral analysis and following related process are illustrated in figure 4 by a dotted line 420. Further application of statistical methods and appropriate process allow to take into account and to minimize the impact of conditions changes in the well and other unpredictable factors.
  • the method 200 also comprises a step of remotely storing the acquired signals, static data and the results of the analysis constituting data, so that said data are available to an operator from any location.
  • the method 200 also comprises a step of informing the operator, when appropriate, of a salt fall event or other unexpected event during the leaching process or storage.
  • Said unexpected event can be for example a leakage or a bad distribution of the blanket causing a partial dissolution of the saline formation above the cavity roof.
  • measurement of static parameters such as static pressure and/or static temperature in the wellbore are also carried out, as they have an influence on the spectral characteristics of the recorded signals, and can be used further in statistic analysis of the measured data.
  • the invention also relates to a system 300 for the salt fall detection and the detection of at least one discontinuity of a wellbore.
  • the system 300 comprises a manifold 310, a high-frequency data acquisition system 320 and a static brine pressure sensor 330.
  • the manifold 310 is in the form of a cabinet containing a hydraulic assembly comprising a fluid volume chamber 311, electro-valves 312 and 313, and a block 314 with integrated dynamic pressure transducer, static pressure sensor, static temperature sensor, as represented in figure 6 .
  • An interface element 315 of the hydraulic assembly for example a threaded part, passes through a side face of the block 314 and connects with the outside.
  • the high-frequency data acquisition system 320 (hereinafter referred to as "DAS") is in the form a glass-door box containing a high-frequency acquisition card 321 connected to a mini-PC 322 as illustrated in figure 8 .
  • the electrovalves 312;313 and the components of the block 314 of the manifold 310 is connected to the high-frequency acquisition card of the DAS 320.
  • the manifold 310 is plugged to the wellhead through the interface element 315 which may conveniently be a threaded part, the static brine pressure sensor 330 is plugged directly to a wellhead of the brine string well.
  • the DAS 320 may be placed in height, for example mounted on a wall or on a support, to allow an easy access to an operator.
  • the manifold 310 also comprises an external compressed source, for example a nitrogen cylinder.
  • the pressure pulse is then be triggered through the wellbore by pressurizing the fluid volume chamber 311 with nitrogen from the cylinder by opening the electrovalve 313, above the blanket pressure at the wellhead, for example 30 bars (450 PSI), and then opening briefly the electro-valve 312, located between said fluid volume chamber and said wellbore, for example during a few tens of milliseconds, thereby creating a narrow overpressure pulse.
  • the pressure disturbance pulse is triggered by only opening the electro-valve, causing a short depression wave.
  • the dynamic pressure transducer in the block 314 of the manifold 310 detects the pressure variations and convert it into electric variations, which are transmitted to the high-frequency card 321 of the DAS 320 and registered as numerical signal data.
  • transducers such as piezoelectric sensors, for example a quartz sensor.
  • the used transducers may advantageously present a wide bandwidth, allowing for example the measurement of pressure variations up to 100 000 Hz. Such a bandwidth allows the sensor to be used for different type of operations such as the measurement of an interface depth or the detection of a damaged pipe.
  • the converted pressure variations transmitted to the high-frequency card 321 is then transmitted to and analyzed on the mini-PC 322.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a signal data 400 recorded and displayed on a screen of the mini-PC 322, while monitoring the brine-blanket interface depth d during a leaching process.
  • the signal data 400 in this figure represents the evolution in time of the wellhead pressure variations.
  • the duration of the recorded signal data is of 40s.
  • pressure disturbances are triggered periodically in automatic mode, so a real-time monitoring is carried out.
  • each one of the recorded signal datasets can be displayed independently at any time on a screen 326 connected to the mini-PC 322 so that the operating staff on place can observe displayed results and manually trigger supplementary tests or extra measurements through the glass door of the data acquisition box.
  • the system 300 also comprises means to measure static parameters inside the wellbore, such as static pressure and/or static temperature of the blanket.
  • a software embedded in the mini-PC 322 proceeds to a spectral analysis of said signal data and further statistical analysis of a set of signal and static data, and registered data on atmospheric conditions as well.
  • the DAS 320 also comprises a router 323 and a USB modem 324, such as a 3G/4G router and a 3G/4G key, to provide said DAS with the Internet.
  • the DAS 320 also comprises a switch 325 to interconnect the high-frequency acquisition card 321, the router and the mini-PC 322.
  • a router 323, a USB modem 324 and a switch 325 are all separated devices or a all-in-one device like a 3G/4G Wi-Fi router for example.
  • Copies of the data constituted by the acquired numerical signal data, static data and the results of its analysis are made and transmitted to an online storage space / computing resources 502 (Cloud) through a secured connection 501 a, for example a public/private-key-encrypted channel, so the enhanced processing can be performed and operator can have access to this data from a computer or a mobile device via secured Internet connection 501 b.
  • a secured connection 501 a for example a public/private-key-encrypted channel
  • the cloud part 502 has an alarm system to, when appropriate, give the operator notice of an unexpected event during the leaching process as mentioned above.
  • the cloud software can automatically notify the authorized person via an email and/or a SMS and/or other message type.
  • the power supply of the system 300 can be an electric outlet or a solar panel for example.
  • the system embeds a battery so it is autonomous in case of a power cut.
  • the system and / or the method shall be adapted.
  • the duration of the recorded signal data may vary, as well as the conducted spectral and statistical analyses.
  • the invention is described for the detection of only one type of an event in a cavern, one type of discontinuity, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that the invention can be used to detect simultaneously several events and impedance contrasts in a wellbore, in a cavern, or in other type of underground storage.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP17183856.8A 2017-07-28 2017-07-28 Procédé de détection de fuites et de mesure de débit de fuite dans un puits, détection de chute de sel dans une caverne et système mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé Withdrawn EP3434863A1 (fr)

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EP17183856.8A EP3434863A1 (fr) 2017-07-28 2017-07-28 Procédé de détection de fuites et de mesure de débit de fuite dans un puits, détection de chute de sel dans une caverne et système mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé

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EP17183856.8A EP3434863A1 (fr) 2017-07-28 2017-07-28 Procédé de détection de fuites et de mesure de débit de fuite dans un puits, détection de chute de sel dans une caverne et système mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111022038A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-17 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种氮气气举井下可视化套破出水点检测方法
FR3099590A1 (fr) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-05 Storengy Procédé d’estimation de la profondeur d’une interface gaz-liquide pour un puits de gaz
CN113358188A (zh) * 2021-04-28 2021-09-07 华中科技大学 基于低频电信号的盐穴储气库气液界面测量方法和系统
CN114000869A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-01 四川轻化工大学 一种井筒液面探测装置及方法
CN114199479A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-18 山东鲁银盐穴储能工程技术有限公司 一种生产套管泄漏率的测试方法
CN114233263A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2022-03-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 储气库造腔过程中结晶的判断方法、装置、终端及介质

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US20140300895A1 (en) * 2005-03-14 2014-10-09 Gas Sensing Technology Corp In situ evaluation of unconventional natural gas reservoirs

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3099590A1 (fr) * 2019-07-29 2021-02-05 Storengy Procédé d’estimation de la profondeur d’une interface gaz-liquide pour un puits de gaz
CN111022038A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-17 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种氮气气举井下可视化套破出水点检测方法
CN111022038B (zh) * 2019-11-22 2023-04-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种氮气气举井下可视化套破出水点检测方法
CN114233263A (zh) * 2020-09-07 2022-03-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 储气库造腔过程中结晶的判断方法、装置、终端及介质
CN114233263B (zh) * 2020-09-07 2023-08-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 储气库造腔过程中结晶的判断方法、装置、终端及介质
CN113358188A (zh) * 2021-04-28 2021-09-07 华中科技大学 基于低频电信号的盐穴储气库气液界面测量方法和系统
CN114000869A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-01 四川轻化工大学 一种井筒液面探测装置及方法
CN114199479A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-18 山东鲁银盐穴储能工程技术有限公司 一种生产套管泄漏率的测试方法
CN114199479B (zh) * 2021-12-17 2024-04-16 山东鲁银盐穴储能工程技术有限公司 一种生产套管泄漏率的测试方法

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