EP3427967B1 - Security element comprising an optically variable two-dimensional embossing structure - Google Patents
Security element comprising an optically variable two-dimensional embossing structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3427967B1 EP3427967B1 EP18000582.9A EP18000582A EP3427967B1 EP 3427967 B1 EP3427967 B1 EP 3427967B1 EP 18000582 A EP18000582 A EP 18000582A EP 3427967 B1 EP3427967 B1 EP 3427967B1
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- cells
- security element
- cell
- colored
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- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a security element which is provided in particular for the production of a security paper, document of value or a secured product, the security element having an optically variable embossed structure which has a plurality of cells which are arranged in a 2D pattern, the cells being one to a base plane of the security element have non-parallel aligned surface, which is characterized by a surface height difference and a direction of the surface alignment, wherein the embossed structure has at least two types of cells that differ with regard to the direction of the surface alignment and / or the surface height difference, the embossed structure with Color is provided.
- security elements are known to protect against counterfeiting in order to protect documents of value, such as bank notes, securities, credit or identification cards, passports, certificates, etc., labels, packaging, etc., from forgery.
- documents of value such as bank notes, securities, credit or identification cards, passports, certificates, etc., labels, packaging, etc.
- counterfeit protection is based on the fact that there is a visually simple and clearly recognizable optical effect that would not be reproduced or only inadequately reproduced with conventional reproduction devices such as color copiers.
- the colored appearance of a security element is determined by a sub-wavelength structure, which can optionally be coated with color.
- the security element according to DE 10 2005 011 612 A1 which discloses a security element according to the preamble of claim 1, exploits the concealing effect of an embossed structure.
- the flanks of a pyramid structure can be coated in different colors. Only at certain angles is only one of the four flanks visible with its color and the other flanks are hidden. All flanks or two flanks are visible at the same time when viewed from above or at other angles of rotation.
- Reflective microcavities with a uniform, color-changing coating create in DE 10 2010 052 665 A1 different colors depending on the design of the microcavities.
- DE 10 2009 056 934 A1 discloses a method for arranging the facets of a reflective structure so that a three-dimensional impression is created for the viewer.
- honeycomb-shaped cells are arranged in a grid-like manner, which have facets with differently inclined surfaces due to embossing.
- the facets have a reflective coating and the different surface inclinations in the 2D pattern of the honeycomb structure are distributed in such a way that two different images or motifs can be recognized, whereby it depends on the viewing angle which of the two motifs or images you see.
- Each motif or image is assigned its own viewing angle area. If the security element is tilted in the assigned viewing angle area, the visibility of the motif changes.
- the reflective layer can be applied as a printing ink.
- the WO 2016/020066 A2 proposes a security element which also has a plurality of cells which are arranged in a 2D pattern.
- the cells are each hemispherical, so that each cell acts as a curved mirror.
- Line-shaped pressure elements are arranged over this 2D pattern of curved mirrors, which extend over a large number of curved mirrors. The position of the lines on the curved mirrors varies along the 2D pattern, so that overall an image or motif is generated that has a movement effect when the security element is tilted or rotated.
- the invention is based on the object of developing a security element of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that the visual optical effect is more concise and thus the protection against forgery is further increased.
- the security element shows the viewer information and for this purpose has cells whose surface inclination is designed so that lighting is reflected in a certain angular range in a certain way.
- Each cell acts as a pixel that is light or dark depending on the surface slope of the cell from a certain viewing angle. This will display the information.
- the information can be recognized in a specific viewing angle range, optionally changing when the viewing angle is varied within the specific viewing angle range, that is, when the security element is tilted accordingly.
- the cells are designed in such a way that the viewer sees the information vividly or creates a vivid impression.
- the information can be a motif, such as a picture, a logo or a number, etc.
- the security element presents at least two different pieces of information that can be seen in different viewing angle ranges.
- a first item of information can be seen in a first viewing angle range and a second item of information is to be seen in a second viewing angle range.
- Each piece of information is assigned to a cell type. This is understood to be a group of cells that together form the pixels that represent the respective information.
- the cells of the cell type usually have the same value for one of several parameters of the surface orientation, for example the same Direction of the fall line.
- the cell types then differ in this parameter; the differentiating parameter, in which the cell types differ (and in turn have a constant value), causes the separation of the viewing angle range for the two pieces of information.
- the viewing angle ranges in the azimuth angle with which one looks at the security element.
- a variation of another parameter of the surface orientation within a type of cell the three-dimensional impression of the information represented by this type of cell.
- the cells are individual and differently colored.
- the individual coloring of the cells is achieved in that individual colored areas are provided on or under the cells.
- the colored areas are arranged in a flat pattern which corresponds to the centers of the 2D pattern in which the cells are arranged.
- the 2D pattern of the embossed structure of the cells determines the arrangement of the individual colored areas.
- the colored areas are smaller than the cells.
- Each cell has exactly one colored area.
- certain deviations are possible, which compensate for register fluctuations.
- each colored area is preferably arranged on exactly one cell.
- the colored area corresponds to more than 50% of the cell area, particularly preferably more than 65% of the cell area. In particular, this area filling level is - that is, for each of the aforementioned minimum values - below 100%, in particular below 95%.
- the colored areas can be one with have an outer contour identical to the 2D pattern of the cell (such as a honeycomb in a honeycomb) or their own outer contour (such as a circle, rectangle or triangle in a honeycomb).
- the color is applied on or under the embossing structure, in particular by printing.
- the color applied is preferably semitransparent or opaque. Opaque colors are particularly suitable if the colored area is arranged below the reflective cell area of the cell.
- the color design can create a three-dimensional impression and / or strengthen the three-dimensional impression.
- the three-dimensional effect is not (only) created by the different surface orientations of the individual cells, but (also) by the individual application of paint to the cells.
- At least two items of information can be represented in the security element by providing a corresponding number of cell types.
- the cell types differ by a parameter of surface orientation, e.g. B. Inclination angle (local course or constant for the entire surface), surface height difference or direction of the fall line.
- This one parameter is constant within each cell type (but different from the other cell types).
- All cells of at least a first (and a second) cell type are identical in terms of the direction of surface alignment and / or surface height difference.
- another parameter can be varied within each cell type in order to convey the three-dimensional impression of the information. For example, it is possible to distinguish the cell types from one another by the direction of the fall line.
- the viewing angle areas then differ by the rotational position of the security element in a plane that is spanned by the security element.
- the information can be seen at different azimuth angles.
- the surface inclination can be varied so that when changing the elevation angle of the observation, the corresponding information, which is coded by the cell type for the appropriate azimuth angle, changes in the manner of a plastic impression.
- the colored arrangement of the cells reinforces this. It is also possible to dispense with a three-dimensional design due to the surface geometry.
- the measures of the security element described here are not associated with a complete loss of the plastic impression, since the cell types are designed in color, so that a plastic effect can also be realized exclusively through the colored arrangement of the cells.
- the plastic effect is particularly strong, of course, if the coloring of the cells is used to reinforce a plastic effect already created by the surface structuring of the embossed structure, for example by adding highlights, etc.
- the cells of a cell type can have a uniform color background, so that the information of one cell type differs from the information of the other cell type in terms of color.
- Mixtures of colors are also possible, with multi-color printing that only uses a limited number of basic colors create a mixed color by not printing cells of one type of cell with the same color, but with different basic colors.
- half of the cells of a cell type can be colored red, the other half colored yellow, which results in the color orange as a mixed color.
- At least two, preferably three or four colors are selected as the basic colors.
- the selected basic colors are not restricted to primary basic colors, such as CYMK, but any other (secondary or tertiary) colors can also be used.
- the cells have a semi-transparent or opaque, reflective layer.
- the reflective layer is preferably a metallic or highly refractive layer.
- the reflective layer can be applied before or after the introduction of the embossed structure, in particular over the entire area.
- the reflective layer is preferably created by printing a color (or a varnish) with metallic pigments.
- the metallic pigments are nanoscale pigments or flat pigments, in particular with an average length in the range from 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the flat pigments can be rigid or flexible enough to adapt to the embossed structure. It would be less cost-effective to vapor-deposit the reflective layer (CVD, PVD).
- the reflective layer is particularly preferably created by means of printing processes (for example offset, screen printing), then printed in color and then embossed.
- the reflective layer is first embossed and then printed in color.
- the reflective layer is applied to the film as a film application (for example as a hot or cold transfer film) or as a laminated metallic layer. It is then printed in color using a printing process and embossed (before or after printing - optional).
- the cells have a minimum size of more than 10 ⁇ m, preferably more than 30 ⁇ m, in particular more than 100 ⁇ m, but are at most 1 mm in size.
- the minimum size for example a width, a diagonal, a diameter or an edge length of a cell is measured laterally, that is, in relation to the base plane.
- the embossing height is a maximum of 300 ⁇ m, preferably a maximum of 150 ⁇ m, particularly preferably a maximum of 100 ⁇ m, and is in particular in the range from 10 to 120 ⁇ m, preferably 25 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 25 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio (height to width) is preferably 1: 1.3.
- the area of the cells is between 100 ⁇ m 2 and 1 mm 2 , preferably between 900 ⁇ m 2 and 250,000 ⁇ m 2 , in particular between 10,000 ⁇ m 2 and 250,000 ⁇ m 2 , more preferably between 90,000 ⁇ m 2 and 250,000 ⁇ m 2 .
- the embossed structure with isotropically distributed cells of different surface orientations. Without further measures one would not get any information and no three-dimensional impression. The information, which is visible from different viewing angles, is then achieved through the individual printing of the cells. This makes it possible to design different motifs with one and the same embossing tool, depending on the application of paint that is applied individually to the cells.
- the cells divide the two-dimensional basic plane of the security element according to a 2D pattern. Regular cells are of course particularly preferred, but this is not the only possibility. Honeycomb cells are known (bees). Triangular or square cells are equally possible. There is no restriction to point-symmetric cells. Pentagonal cells or rectangular cells are also possible.
- the cells are provided with color, whereby they are individually covered with color. The simplest embodiment consists of a printing process, the the cells are individually printed.
- the 2D pattern is preferably an area-filling (gap-free) pattern. It is equally possible for the cells to be slightly spaced from one another. A distance is slight if it is smaller than the minimum lateral dimensions of the cells. With spaced apart cells, short sections are arranged in the unembossed substrate between the cells.
- the base area of a cell is understood to be the area that results from a vertical plan view of the base plane of the security element, for example the plane of a substrate into which the embossed structure is embossed.
- Those surfaces which are essential for the reflection behavior of the embossed structure represent facets. It is irrelevant for these facets whether they are designed as raised structures or as recessed structures. In the case of deepened structures, the cells do not protrude from the plane of the substrate surface, but form depressions in the substrate surface; the facets thus protrude into the substrate. Mixed forms are possible.
- Different ones of the at least two cell types can be arranged recurring in the 2D pattern - in a cell type pattern.
- a cell type pattern preferably contains a regularly repeating arrangement of cells of two, preferably three, more preferably four, different cell type types.
- the security element contains at least two types of cells which differ in terms of their surface orientation.
- the term surface alignment is related to the angle of inclination and also to the direction of the surface inclination.
- the surface orientation is generally determined by the surface height difference, i.e. the height difference between the highest point and lowest point, and also by the course or position of the fall line.
- this information can be expressed by the azimuth angle, ie the angle information for the fall line, and the angle of inclination, ie the (possibly mean) slope of the inclined surface.
- the basic height, ie the distance to a reference plane is not relevant for the optical effect of the facet. You can choose them largely freely depending on the tool manufacture and the embossing process.
- Covering the cells with color requires registration of the embossing and application of color, for example by printing.
- a dry offset, wet offset or inkjet process for example, can be used as the printing process.
- the sequence can be selected depending on the embodiment, ie it can be embossed first and then printed, first printed and then embossed or simultaneously embossed and printed. If you want to emboss first and then print, it is preferable to emboss a registration mark, for example outside of a motif or symbol that is to be designed with the embossing. This embossed registration mark can then be used to control the subsequent printing in order to ensure the correct assignment of the pattern of the colored areas to the 2D pattern of the cells.
- a similar procedure can also be used if you want to print first and then emboss. Then a printed registration mark is used.
- the substrate is designed with a perforation for exact gripper guidance during printing, so that it is first printed in sheets with the same orientation and then embossed.
- printing and embossing can also be precisely coordinated with one another in other ways. Such agents are known to the person skilled in the art.
- a value document - for example a bank note, an identity document, a check, an electronically readable card, a product or product packaging - is provided with a security element of the type mentioned.
- the security element can be applied with its embossed structure to the corresponding object or can be formed in the object itself, that is to say in particular an embossed structure in the substrate of the object.
- a product or product packaging is equipped with the security element for product protection or as a safeguard against product counterfeiting.
- Figure 1 shows a bank note B which has a security element S.
- the security element S can also be attached at other points on the bank note.
- Figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment for the security element S, in which a plurality of honeycomb cells 1, 2 are provided, which differ with regard to the assigned information.
- the cells 1 are still closed
- first information I and cells 2 represent second information II.
- Figure 2 shows only two of the cells provided for this purpose; in fact, the cells are arranged in a two-dimensional pattern, as will be explained later.
- the height a of a honeycomb cell which z. B. was embossed into a substrate made of paper by intaglio printing, is between 10 ⁇ m and 2 mm, preferably between 30 ⁇ m and 0.5 mm and particularly preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 0.3 mm.
- Each cell is provided with a facet inclined in a certain direction, which reflects light from one direction.
- the surface of the cell is oriented in a different direction, so that the cells 1 present the information I from a first viewing direction and make it visible, the cells 2 the information II from a different direction.
- this approach is not limited to two pieces of information; three, four, five, etc. information is possible.
- Cells that are not assigned to any of the information are referred to as background cells and have, for example, a surface that is not designed as a facet, that is, they are not embossed or have a specific, uniform facet orientation.
- Figure 3a shows an example of the orientation of the flat facets here, symbolized by arrows 3, 4.
- the arrows 3, 4 denote the direction of the fall line along which a facet is inclined.
- Figure 3b shows a section through cell 1 along arrow 3,
- Figure 3c through cell 2 along arrow 4.
- Cell 1 which generates information I, has a facet 7 with an angle of inclination of ⁇ 1 and a depth of t1.
- the angle of inclination is related to the plane E of the substrate or an embossing plate surface with which the embossing of the substrate takes place.
- the cell 2 which generates the information II has a facet 9 with an inclination angle of ⁇ 2 and a depth of t2.
- the depths t1, t2 indicate the difference in surface height of the facet 7, 9.
- depth t and thus the surface height difference
- the angle of inclination is decisive for the reflection properties.
- the depth is an important parameter for the production. With intaglio printing, the depth can be set between 0 and 350 ⁇ m; a range of 10 and 120 ⁇ m is preferred. Depending on the height a of the cell, this results in an angle of inclination ⁇ between 0 and 80 °, preferably between 10 and 70 °. Since cells of uniform size and with flat facets are considered below, their surface orientation can be specified by the direction of the line of fall and the angle of inclination.
- the contrast of the coded information I or II depends, among other things, on the steepness of the return flank 8, 10 from the facet 7, 9 to the surface level E. The steeper the return flank 8, 10 and the closer it comes to an angle of 90 ° with respect to the plane E, the more contrasting the information I and II emerge.
- Cells 1, 2 fill a desired area.
- the outline of this area can be chosen as desired.
- Figure 4 shows an embodiment with a substantially rectangular area in which hexagonal cells of two different cell types are arranged.
- the cells of the different cell types are arranged in a recurring cell type pattern, here in columns.
- cell type patterns are conceivable, such as column A: 1,2,1,2; Column B: 2,1,2,1.
- Cell type patterns with more than two cell types are also conceivable, such as column-wise uniform or column A: 1,2,3; Column B: 3.1.2; Column C: 2,3,1.
- Figure 5 shows an exemplary 2D pattern of cells 1, 2 for displaying the two items of information I and II.
- Information I is the capital letter "A", the area of which is occupied by cells 1.
- the area assigned to information II corresponds to the capital letter "B” and is occupied by cells 2.
- the areas that do not belong to either of the two items of information I and II are filled with cells for a background H.
- cells 1, 2 corresponding to Figure 3 executed, the information I or II appears depending on the azimuth angle of the observation.
- cells 1, 2 and optionally also the cells of the background H are provided with colored areas, each colored area being arranged on exactly one cell.
- the colored areas on cells 1 in the example do not all have the same color, but are distributed in such a way that they enhance the three-dimensional impression of the information I, for example set highlights, etc. The same applies to cells 2.
- Areas not filled with cells within the sections which encode the information in I and II can be filled with cells 1 or 2, so that there is a further increase in the contrast for the information. They can also be filled with cells for the background H for a more even appearance. However, more than two pieces of information can be encoded in the embossed structure.
- the areas for information I and II are arranged side by side. This is optional. In the sense of greater security against forgery, it is preferred that the areas at least partially overlap, cells 1 and 2, as shown in FIG Figure 4 shown are nested within one another. This means that cells 1 and cells 2 adjoin each other several times, i.e. not just on a border between two areas, as shown in Figure 5 is the case, but that cells 1 surround cells 2 and vice versa.
- Such a configuration has the advantage that the information I and II appear on the same surface of the security element depending on the azimuth angle of the observation.
- Figure 5 is not only simplified under the aspect that the color assignment of the cells is not shown, it also does not show that optionally cells 1 and 2 have a certain variation with regard to the alignment of facets 7, 9, which ensures that the Coded information I or II appears three-dimensional to the viewer. This property is in Figure 6 shown.
- the direction of the fall line is indicated by the direction of the arrow and the angle of inclination ⁇ 1 by the angle specification.
- Different cells are thus provided for the information I; They are in Figure 6 denoted by the reference numerals 1a and 1b.
- the addition of the lower case letter denotes the individual configuration of cells 1 for the first item of information I.
- Varying angles of inclination for the cells 2 are in Figure 6 Cells 2a and 2b shown.
- the cells of the background H have a uniform fall line and a uniform angle of inclination or are restructured.
- the cells 1 likewise have a uniform fall line direction, but a varied angle of inclination ⁇ 1. It fluctuates between -60 ° and + 60 ° degrees.
- the information I can be recognized in a certain viewing angle range and changes in the sense of a three-dimensional appearance when the security element S is tilted in this viewing angle range.
- Information II is distinguished from information I in that that the line of fall has a different direction. The information I and II can each be recognized if the security element is rotated appropriately around the surface normal which is perpendicular to the security element.
- Figure 7 shows an example of the variation in the angle of inclination for information I.
- the embossed structure of Figure 7 does not contain any cells for the second information item II. This is only used for the simplified explanation.
- Figure 8 shows the nested arrangement of cells 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d as well as 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d.
- the cells 1 have a fall line direction, the arrow in Figure 8 pointing upwards, the cells 2 have a fall line direction which runs obliquely downwards to the left.
- All cells 1, 2 are covered with color fields 11, which differ in their color.
- This is in Figure 8 illustrated by the hatching and an index in the reference number.
- the index .1 stands for a red colored area (hatching obliquely to the top left), the index .2 for a green colored area (hatching vertical) and the index .3 for a blue colored area (hatching horizontal).
- each colored area 11 lies on exactly one cell 1 or 2.
- the cells are thus individual. Furthermore, cells 1 and cells 2 are provided with different colors. In the embodiment of Figure 8 all cells in the section shown are covered with a red colored area 11.1. The information I therefore appears red in this area. The cells 2 are kept different colors. The cells 2a, 2c and 2d are provided with green colored areas 11.2, the cell 2b with a red colored area 2b. In this way, for the motif generated by the cells 2 according to the information II in the affected section, a color mixture is established which leads to a green-yellow hue. Of course, color mixing is also possible for cells 1. In particular, the colors are designed in such a way that they create the spatial effect created by the variation of the angle of inclination within the cells 1 or the cells 2 is generated.
- Figure 8 further shows that the colored areas lie individually on the respective cells. They are round in the representation, but can equally have a different geometric shape, for example square or with the same outline as cells 1, 2. However, it is essential that the colored areas 11 are arranged two-dimensionally in a pattern that corresponds to the 2D pattern which corresponds to cells 1, 2. This means that the centers of the colored areas 11 and the centers of the cells 1, 2 have the same basic pattern. An offset of these patterns from one another can be tolerated within the framework of register fluctuations as long as the color area centers remain above the cells.
- a preferred embodiment is the described embossed structure with cells in hexagonal lattice shapes.
- the cells assigned to the information in a repeated arrangement of a basic sequence of Cells 1, 2 etc. to be provided in the 2D pattern.
- the information can be obtained by omitting or exchanging cells. For example, you can replace all cells that should not carry any information with background cells without a sloping surface. It is also possible to replace cells of one cell type with cells of another cell type in individual sections. For the display of several items of information, it can be advantageous if two or more neighboring cells of the same cell type are next to one another, as shown in FIG Figure 7 the case is. In extreme cases, the information can even be present as a contiguous chain or area of cells of the same cell type.
- the information to be displayed can generally be contained in the embossed structure and / or in the colored print.
- the cells arranged in the two-dimensional pattern are individually printed with a multicolored, uniform color pattern.
- the color sample is free of the information to be displayed (or only optionally carries additional information of its own with its outer contour).
- the information is only in the embossing structure (or in the embossing tool). It is also possible in embodiments to form the embossed structure with a purely repetitive arrangement of cells 1 and cells 2 (with two pieces of information) or additional cells (with more than two pieces of information), with cells 1, 2 (and possibly further cells) the direction of the fall line and the angle of inclination are constant.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Sicherheitselement, welches insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitspapiers, Wertdokuments oder abgesicherten Produkts vorgesehen ist, wobei das Sicherheitselement eine optisch variable Prägestruktur aufweist, die eine Vielzahl von Zellen hat, welche in einem 2D-Muster angeordnet sind, wobei die Zellen eine zu einer Grundebene des Sicherheitselementes nicht parallel ausgerichtete Oberfläche haben, welche durch eine Oberflächenhöhendifferenz und eine Richtung der Oberflächenausrichtung charakterisiert ist, wobei die Prägestruktur mindestens zwei Arten von Zellen aufweist, die sich hinsichtlich der Richtung der Oberflächenausrichtung und/oder der Oberflächenhöhendifferenz unterscheiden, wobei die Prägestruktur mit Farbe versehen ist.The invention relates to a security element which is provided in particular for the production of a security paper, document of value or a secured product, the security element having an optically variable embossed structure which has a plurality of cells which are arranged in a 2D pattern, the cells being one to a base plane of the security element have non-parallel aligned surface, which is characterized by a surface height difference and a direction of the surface alignment, wherein the embossed structure has at least two types of cells that differ with regard to the direction of the surface alignment and / or the surface height difference, the embossed structure with Color is provided.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind zum Schutz gegen Nachahmung Sicherheitselemente bekannt, um Wertdokumente, wie beispielsweise Banknoten, Wertpapiere, Kredit- oder Ausweiskarten, Pässe, Urkunden etc. Labels, Verpackungen usw. vor Fälschungen schützen. Der Fälschungsschutz beruht bei offenen Sicherheitselementen darauf, dass ein visuell einfach und deutlich erkennbarer optischer Effekt besteht, der mit üblichen Reproduktionsgeräten, wie beispielsweise Farbkopierern, nicht oder nur ungenügend wiedergegeben würde.From the prior art, security elements are known to protect against counterfeiting in order to protect documents of value, such as bank notes, securities, credit or identification cards, passports, certificates, etc., labels, packaging, etc., from forgery. In the case of open security elements, counterfeit protection is based on the fact that there is a visually simple and clearly recognizable optical effect that would not be reproduced or only inadequately reproduced with conventional reproduction devices such as color copiers.
In
Das Sicherheitselement gemäß
Mit einer einheitlichen, farbkippenden Beschichtung versehene, reflektierende Mikrokavitäten erzeugen in
Aus der
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Sicherheitselement der eingangs genannten Art so weiterzubilden, dass der visuelle optische Effekt prägnanter ausfällt und somit der Schutz gegenüber Fälschungen weiter erhöht ist.The invention is based on the object of developing a security element of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that the visual optical effect is more concise and thus the protection against forgery is further increased.
Die Erfindung ist in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen definiert. Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.The invention is defined in the independent claims. Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das Sicherheitselement zeigt dem Betrachter eine Information und weist hierfür Zellen auf, deren Oberflächenneigung so gestaltet ist, dass Beleuchtung in einem bestimmten Winkelbereich auf eine bestimmte Art und Weise reflektiert wird. Jede Zelle wirkt als Pixel, das abhängig von der Oberflächenneigung der Zelle unter einem bestimmten Betrachtungswinkel hell oder dunkel ist. Dadurch wird die Information dargestellt. In einem bestimmten Betrachtungswinkelbereich ist die Information erkennbar, wobei sie sich optional bei Variation des Betrachtungswinkels innerhalb des bestimmten Betrachtungswinkelbereichs, also bei entsprechendem Kippen des Sicherheitselementes ändert. In bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen sind die Zellen so gestaltet, dass der Betrachter die Informationen plastisch sieht bzw. ein plastischer Eindruck entsteht. Die Information kann ein Motiv, wie ein Bild, ein Logo oder eine Zahl etc. sein. Das Sicherheitselement bietet mindestens zwei verschiedene Informationen dar, die in verschiedenen Betrachtungswinkelbereichen erkennbar sind. Bei zwei Informationen sind eine erste Information in einem ersten Betrachtungswinkelbereich und eine zweite Information in einem zweiten Betrachtungswinkelbereich zu sehen. Jede Information ist einer Zellenart zugeordnet. Darunter wird eine Gruppe von Zellen verstanden, die zusammen die Pixel bilden, welche die jeweilige Information darstellen. Die Zellen der Zellenart haben in der Regel für einen von mehreren Parametern der Oberflächenausrichtung denselben Wert, beispielsweise dieselbe Richtung der Falllinie. Die Zellenarten unterscheiden sich dann in diesem Parameter; der Unterscheidungsparameter, indem sich die Zellenarten unterscheiden (und ihrerseits einen konstanten Wert haben) bewirkt die Trennung des Betrachtungswinkelbereichs für die beiden Informationen. Im Beispiel der Betrachtungswinkelbereiche im Azimutwinkel, mit dem man auf das Sicherheitselement blickt.The security element shows the viewer information and for this purpose has cells whose surface inclination is designed so that lighting is reflected in a certain angular range in a certain way. Each cell acts as a pixel that is light or dark depending on the surface slope of the cell from a certain viewing angle. This will display the information. The information can be recognized in a specific viewing angle range, optionally changing when the viewing angle is varied within the specific viewing angle range, that is, when the security element is tilted accordingly. In preferred refinements, the cells are designed in such a way that the viewer sees the information vividly or creates a vivid impression. The information can be a motif, such as a picture, a logo or a number, etc. The security element presents at least two different pieces of information that can be seen in different viewing angle ranges. In the case of two items of information, a first item of information can be seen in a first viewing angle range and a second item of information is to be seen in a second viewing angle range. Each piece of information is assigned to a cell type. This is understood to be a group of cells that together form the pixels that represent the respective information. The cells of the cell type usually have the same value for one of several parameters of the surface orientation, for example the same Direction of the fall line. The cell types then differ in this parameter; the differentiating parameter, in which the cell types differ (and in turn have a constant value), causes the separation of the viewing angle range for the two pieces of information. In the example of the viewing angle ranges in the azimuth angle with which one looks at the security element.
In Ausführungsformen erzeugt eine Variation eines anderen Parameters der Oberflächenausrichtung, z. B. ein Neigungswinkel, innerhalb einer Zellenart den plastischen Eindruck der von dieser Zellenart dargestellten Information. Im Sicherheitselement sind die Zellen individuell und unterschiedlich farbig. Die individuelle Einfärbung der Zellen wird dadurch erreicht, dass einzelne Farbflächen auf oder unter den Zellen vorgesehen sind. Die Farbflächen sind in einem flächigen Muster angeordnet, das den Zentren des 2D-Musters entspricht, in welchem die Zellen angeordnet sind. Das 2D-Muster der Prägestruktur der Zellen bestimmt die Anordnung der individuellen Farbflächen. Die Farbflächen sind kleiner als die Zellen. Jede Zelle hat genau eine Farbfläche. Hierbei sind je nach Flächenfüllungsgrad der Zellen mit den Farbflächen auch gewisse Abweichungen möglich, die Passerschwankungen auffangen. Gestaltet man die Fläche des Farbauftrages etwas kleiner als die Zelle, ist ein Versatz zwischen dem Muster, in dem die Farbflächen angeordnet sind, und dem 2D-Muster der Zellen zulässig, ohne dass eine Farbfläche außerhalb der ihr zugeordneten Zelle liegen würde. Jede Farbfläche ist bevorzugt auf genau einer Zelle angeordnet. Die Farbfläche entspricht mehr als 50% der Zellfläche, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 65% der Zellfläche. Insbesondere liegt dieser Flächenfüllgrad dabei - also für jeden der vorgenannten Minimalwerte - unter 100%, insbesondere unter 95%. Die Farbflächen können eine mit dem 2D-Muster der Zelle identische Außenkontur (wie Wabe in Wabe) oder eine eigene Außenkontur (wie Kreis, Rechteck oder Dreieck in Wabe) aufweisen. Die Farbe wird auf oder unter der Prägestruktur aufgetragen, insbesondere durch Drucken. Die aufgetragene Farbe ist dabei vorzugsweise semitransparent oder opak. Opake Farben eignen sich insbesondere, falls die Farbfläche unterhalb der reflektierenden Zellfläche der Zelle angeordnet ist.In embodiments, a variation of another parameter of the surface orientation, e.g. B. an angle of inclination, within a type of cell the three-dimensional impression of the information represented by this type of cell. In the security element, the cells are individual and differently colored. The individual coloring of the cells is achieved in that individual colored areas are provided on or under the cells. The colored areas are arranged in a flat pattern which corresponds to the centers of the 2D pattern in which the cells are arranged. The 2D pattern of the embossed structure of the cells determines the arrangement of the individual colored areas. The colored areas are smaller than the cells. Each cell has exactly one colored area. Here, depending on the degree of filling of the cells with the colored areas, certain deviations are possible, which compensate for register fluctuations. If the area of the color application is made slightly smaller than the cell, an offset between the pattern in which the colored areas are arranged and the 2D pattern of the cells is permissible without a colored area lying outside the cell assigned to it. Each colored area is preferably arranged on exactly one cell. The colored area corresponds to more than 50% of the cell area, particularly preferably more than 65% of the cell area. In particular, this area filling level is - that is, for each of the aforementioned minimum values - below 100%, in particular below 95%. The colored areas can be one with have an outer contour identical to the 2D pattern of the cell (such as a honeycomb in a honeycomb) or their own outer contour (such as a circle, rectangle or triangle in a honeycomb). The color is applied on or under the embossing structure, in particular by printing. The color applied is preferably semitransparent or opaque. Opaque colors are particularly suitable if the colored area is arranged below the reflective cell area of the cell.
Durch die Farbgestaltung kann ein plastischer Eindruck erzeugt und/oder der plastische Eindruck verstärkt werden. Der plastische Effekt entsteht im Blickwinkelbereich nicht (nur) durch die unterschiedliche Oberflächenausrichtung der einzelnen Zellen, sondern (auch) durch den individuellen Farbauftrag auf die Zellen.The color design can create a three-dimensional impression and / or strengthen the three-dimensional impression. The three-dimensional effect is not (only) created by the different surface orientations of the individual cells, but (also) by the individual application of paint to the cells.
Weiter ist es möglich, einzelne Zellen beim Farbauftrag auszusparen, z. B. nicht farbig anzulegen. Dies kann dazu verwendet werden, die mindestens zwei Bilder oder Motive besser gegeneinander abzugrenzen, insbesondere indem Hintergrundzellen vorgesehen werden, die z. B. keine Oberflächenneigung aufweisen. Auch kann je nach Gestaltung des Bildes oder Motives in einzelnen Abschnitten kein Farbeffekt erforderlich sein.It is also possible to leave out individual cells when applying paint, e.g. B. not to create colored. This can be used to better delimit the at least two images or motifs from one another, in particular by providing background cells that contain e.g. B. have no surface slope. Also, depending on the design of the picture or motif, no color effect may be required in individual sections.
Mindestens zwei Informationen, wie Motive oder Bilder, können im Sicherheitselement dargestellt werden, indem eine entsprechende Anzahl an Zellenarten vorgesehen werden. Die Zellarten unterscheiden sich durch einen Parameter der Oberflächenausrichtung, z. B. Neigungswinkel (lokaler Verlauf oder für die gesamte Oberfläche konstant), Oberflächenhöhendifferenz oder Richtung der Falllinie. Dieser eine Parameter ist innerhalb jeder Zellenart konstant (aber anders als in den übrigen Zellenarten). Auf diese Weise werden die Informationen, die durch die Zellenarten kodiert werden, voneinander getrennt. Alle Zellen mindestens einer ersten (und einer zweiten) Zellart sind hinsichtlich der Richtung der Oberflächenausrichtung und/oder der Oberflächenhöhendifferenz identisch. In Ausführungsformen kann ein anderer Parameter innerhalb jeder Zellenart variiert werden, um den plastischen Eindruck der Information zu vermitteln. Beispielsweise ist es möglich, die Zellenarten durch die Richtung der Falllinie voneinander zu unterscheiden. Die Blickwinkelbereiche unterscheiden sich dann durch die Drehlage des Sicherheitselementes in einer Ebene, die durch das Sicherheitselement ausgespannt ist. Die Informationen sind bei unterschiedlichen Azimutwinkeln erkennbar. Innerhalb jeder Zellenart kann z. B. die Oberflächenneigung variiert werden, sodass beim Ändern des Elevationswinkels der Betrachtung sich die entsprechende Information, welche durch die Zellenart zum passenden Azimutwinkel kodiert wird, in Art eines plastischen Eindrucks ändert. Die farbige Anlage der Zellen verstärkt das. Auch ist es möglich, auf eine plastische Gestaltung durch die Oberflächengeometrie zu verzichten. Damit ist mit den Maßnahmen des hier geschilderten Sicherheitselementes dennoch kein vollständiger Verlust des plastischen Eindrucks verbunden, da die Zellenarten farbig ausgestaltet sind, sodass ein plastischer Effekt auch ausschließlich durch die farbige Anlage der Zellen realisiert werden kann. Besonders stark ist der plastische Effekt natürlich, wenn die Farbgebung der Zellen dazu genutzt wird, einen bereits durch die Oberflächenstrukturierung der Prägestruktur erzeugten plastischen Effekt zu verstärken, beispielsweise indem Glanzlichter gesetzt werden etc.At least two items of information, such as motifs or images, can be represented in the security element by providing a corresponding number of cell types. The cell types differ by a parameter of surface orientation, e.g. B. Inclination angle (local course or constant for the entire surface), surface height difference or direction of the fall line. This one parameter is constant within each cell type (but different from the other cell types). In this way the information encoded by the cell types is separated from each other. All cells of at least a first (and a second) cell type are identical in terms of the direction of surface alignment and / or surface height difference. In embodiments, another parameter can be varied within each cell type in order to convey the three-dimensional impression of the information. For example, it is possible to distinguish the cell types from one another by the direction of the fall line. The viewing angle areas then differ by the rotational position of the security element in a plane that is spanned by the security element. The information can be seen at different azimuth angles. Within each type of cell, e.g. B. the surface inclination can be varied so that when changing the elevation angle of the observation, the corresponding information, which is coded by the cell type for the appropriate azimuth angle, changes in the manner of a plastic impression. The colored arrangement of the cells reinforces this. It is also possible to dispense with a three-dimensional design due to the surface geometry. Thus, the measures of the security element described here are not associated with a complete loss of the plastic impression, since the cell types are designed in color, so that a plastic effect can also be realized exclusively through the colored arrangement of the cells. The plastic effect is particularly strong, of course, if the coloring of the cells is used to reinforce a plastic effect already created by the surface structuring of the embossed structure, for example by adding highlights, etc.
Die Zellen einer Zellenart können einheitlich farbig hinterlegt werden, sodass sich die Information der einen Zellenart von der Information der anderen Zellenart durch die Farbe unterscheidet. Es ist aber gleichermaßen möglich, die Zellen einer Zellenart unterschiedlich farbig zu gestalten, indem sie unterschiedlich farbig belegt sind. Dabei sind auch Farbmischungen möglich, die mit einem Mehr-Farbendruck, der nur eine begrenzte Anzahl von Grundfarben hat, eine Mischfarbe erzeugen, indem Zellen einer Zellenart nicht einheitlich mit derselben Farbe bedruckt werden, sondern mit verschiedenen Grundfarben. Beispielsweise kann die Hälfte der Zellen einer Zellenart rot eingefärbt, die andere Hälfte gelb eingefärbt werden, wodurch man als Mischfarbe die Farbe Orange erhält. Als Grundfarben sind mindestens zwei, bevorzugt drei oder vier Farben gewählt. Die gewählten Grundfarben sind nicht auf primäre Grundfarben, wie CYMK beschränkt, sondern können auch beliebige andere (Sekundär- oder Tertiär-)Farben verwendet werden.The cells of a cell type can have a uniform color background, so that the information of one cell type differs from the information of the other cell type in terms of color. However, it is equally possible to design the cells of a cell type with different colors by covering them with different colors. Mixtures of colors are also possible, with multi-color printing that only uses a limited number of basic colors create a mixed color by not printing cells of one type of cell with the same color, but with different basic colors. For example, half of the cells of a cell type can be colored red, the other half colored yellow, which results in the color orange as a mixed color. At least two, preferably three or four colors are selected as the basic colors. The selected basic colors are not restricted to primary basic colors, such as CYMK, but any other (secondary or tertiary) colors can also be used.
Die Zellen weisen eine semitransparente oder opake, reflektierende Schicht auf. Die reflektierende Schicht ist bevorzugt eine metallische oder hochbrechende Schicht. Die reflektierende Schicht kann vor oder nach dem Einbringen der Prägestruktur - insbesondere vollflächig - aufgebracht werden. Bevorzugt wird die reflektierende Schicht durch Drucken einer Farbe (oder eines Lackes) mit metallischen Pigmenten erstellt. Die metallischen Pigmente sind nanoskalige Pigmente oder flächige Pigmente, insbesondere mit einer durchschnittlichen Länge im Bereich von 0,5 bis 10 µm. Die flächigen Pigmente können starr sein oder derart flexibel, dass sie sich der Prägestruktur anpassen. Weniger kostengünstig wäre es, die reflektierende Schicht aufzudampfen (CVD, PVD). Besonders bevorzugt wird die reflektierende Schicht mittels Druckverfahren (z.B. Offset, Siebdruck) erstellt, anschließend farbig bedruckt und dann geprägt. Alternativ wird die reflektierende Schicht erst geprägt und dann farbig bedruckt. In weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen wird die reflektierende Schicht als Folienapplikation (z.B. als Heiß- oder Kalttransferfolie) bzw. als kaschierte metallische Schicht auf die aufgebracht. Anschließend wird sie mit einem Druckverfahren farbig bedruckt und (vor oder nach dem Drucken - optional) geprägt.The cells have a semi-transparent or opaque, reflective layer. The reflective layer is preferably a metallic or highly refractive layer. The reflective layer can be applied before or after the introduction of the embossed structure, in particular over the entire area. The reflective layer is preferably created by printing a color (or a varnish) with metallic pigments. The metallic pigments are nanoscale pigments or flat pigments, in particular with an average length in the range from 0.5 to 10 μm. The flat pigments can be rigid or flexible enough to adapt to the embossed structure. It would be less cost-effective to vapor-deposit the reflective layer (CVD, PVD). The reflective layer is particularly preferably created by means of printing processes (for example offset, screen printing), then printed in color and then embossed. Alternatively, the reflective layer is first embossed and then printed in color. In further preferred embodiments, the reflective layer is applied to the film as a film application (for example as a hot or cold transfer film) or as a laminated metallic layer. It is then printed in color using a printing process and embossed (before or after printing - optional).
Die Zellen haben eine Mindestgröße von mehr als 10µm, bevorzugt mehr als 30 µm, insbesondere mehr als 100µm, sind maximal jedoch 1 mm groß. Die Mindestgröße, beispielsweise eine Breite, eine Diagonale, ein Durchmesser oder eine Kantenlänge einer Zelle, wird lateral, also in Bezug auf die Grundebene, gemessen. Die Prägehöhe beträgt maximal 300 µm, bevorzugt maximal 150 µm, besonders bevorzugt maximal 100 µm, und liegt insbesondere im Bereich von 10 bis 120 µm, bevorzugt 25 bis 100 µm, besonders bevorzugt 25 bis 50 µm. Bevorzugt liegt das Aspektverhältnis (Höhe zu Breite) bei 1 : 1,3. Die Fläche der Zellen liegt zwischen 100 µm2 und 1 mm2, bevorzugt zwischen 900 µm2 und 250.000 µm2, insbesondere zwischen 10.000 µm2 und 250.000 µm2, weiter bevorzugt zwischen 90.000 µm2 und 250.000 µm2.The cells have a minimum size of more than 10 μm, preferably more than 30 μm, in particular more than 100 μm, but are at most 1 mm in size. The minimum size, for example a width, a diagonal, a diameter or an edge length of a cell is measured laterally, that is, in relation to the base plane. The embossing height is a maximum of 300 μm, preferably a maximum of 150 μm, particularly preferably a maximum of 100 μm, and is in particular in the range from 10 to 120 μm, preferably 25 to 100 μm, particularly preferably 25 to 50 μm. The aspect ratio (height to width) is preferably 1: 1.3. The area of the cells is between 100 μm 2 and 1 mm 2 , preferably between 900 μm 2 and 250,000 μm 2 , in particular between 10,000 μm 2 and 250,000 μm 2 , more preferably between 90,000 μm 2 and 250,000 μm 2 .
In einer Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, die Prägestruktur mit isotrop verteilten Zellen verschiedener Oberflächenausrichtungen zu versehen. Ohne weitere Maßnahmen würde man damit keine Information und keinen plastischen Eindruck erreichen. Die unter verschiedenen Betrachtungswinkeln sichtbare Information wird dann durch die individuelle Bedruckung der Zellen erzielt. Dies erlaubt es, mit ein und demselben Prägewerkzeug unterschiedliche Motive zu gestalten je nach Farbauftrag, der individuell auf die Zellen erfolgt.In one embodiment, it is possible to provide the embossed structure with isotropically distributed cells of different surface orientations. Without further measures one would not get any information and no three-dimensional impression. The information, which is visible from different viewing angles, is then achieved through the individual printing of the cells. This makes it possible to design different motifs with one and the same embossing tool, depending on the application of paint that is applied individually to the cells.
Die Zellen teilen die zweidimensionale Grundebene des Sicherheitselementes gemäß einem 2D-Muster auf. Dabei sind regelmäßige Zellen natürlich besonders bevorzugt, dies ist jedoch nicht die einzige Möglichkeit. Bekannt sind (bienen)wabenförmige Zellen. Gleichermaßen möglich sind dreieckige oder quadratische Zellen. Es besteht keine Beschränkung auf punktsymmetrische Zellen. Fünfeckige Zellen oder rechteckige Zellen sind ebenso möglich. Die Zellen sind mit Farbe versehen, wobei sie individuell mit Farbe belegt sind. Die einfachste Ausführungsform besteht in einem Druckvorgang, der die Zellen individuell bedruckt. Das 2D-Muster ist bevorzugt ein flächenfüllendes (lückenfreies) Muster. Gleichermaßen ist es möglich, dass die Zellen geringfügig voneinander beabstandet sind. Ein Abstand ist dann geringfügig, wenn er kleiner ist, als die lateralen Mindestabmessungen der Zellen. Bei beabstandeten Zellen sind zwischen den Zellen kurze Abschnitte im unverprägten Substrat angeordnet. Als Grundfläche einer Zelle ist die Fläche verstanden, die sich bei senkrechter Draufsicht auf die Grundebene des Sicherheitselementes ergibt, beispielsweise die Ebene eines Substrates, in das die Prägestruktur eingeprägt ist. Diejenigen Oberflächen, welche für das Reflektionsverhalten der Prägestruktur wesentlich sind, stellen Facetten dar. Es ist für diese Facetten ohne Relevanz, ob sie als erhabene Strukturen oder als vertiefte Strukturen ausgebildet sind. Bei vertieften Strukturen ragen die Zellen nicht aus der Ebene der Substratoberfläche hervor, sondern bilden Vertiefungen in der Substratoberfläche; die Facetten ragen somit in das Substrat hinein. Mischformen sind möglich.The cells divide the two-dimensional basic plane of the security element according to a 2D pattern. Regular cells are of course particularly preferred, but this is not the only possibility. Honeycomb cells are known (bees). Triangular or square cells are equally possible. There is no restriction to point-symmetric cells. Pentagonal cells or rectangular cells are also possible. The cells are provided with color, whereby they are individually covered with color. The simplest embodiment consists of a printing process, the the cells are individually printed. The 2D pattern is preferably an area-filling (gap-free) pattern. It is equally possible for the cells to be slightly spaced from one another. A distance is slight if it is smaller than the minimum lateral dimensions of the cells. With spaced apart cells, short sections are arranged in the unembossed substrate between the cells. The base area of a cell is understood to be the area that results from a vertical plan view of the base plane of the security element, for example the plane of a substrate into which the embossed structure is embossed. Those surfaces which are essential for the reflection behavior of the embossed structure represent facets. It is irrelevant for these facets whether they are designed as raised structures or as recessed structures. In the case of deepened structures, the cells do not protrude from the plane of the substrate surface, but form depressions in the substrate surface; the facets thus protrude into the substrate. Mixed forms are possible.
Unterschiedliche der mindestens zwei Zellarten können in dem 2D-Muster wiederkehrend - in einem Zellartmuster - angeordnet sein. Ein Zellartmuster enthält bevorzugt eine sich regelmäßig wiederholende Anordnung von Zellen von zwei, bevorzugt drei, weiter bevorzugt vier, unterschiedlichen Zellarttypen.Different ones of the at least two cell types can be arranged recurring in the 2D pattern - in a cell type pattern. A cell type pattern preferably contains a regularly repeating arrangement of cells of two, preferably three, more preferably four, different cell type types.
Das Sicherheitselement enthält mindestens zwei Arten von Zellen, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Oberflächenausrichtung unterscheiden. Der Begriff der Oberflächenausrichtung ist dabei bei ebenen Facetten auf den Neigungswinkel und auch auf die Richtung der Oberflächenneigung bezogen. Er ist aber nicht auf eine ebene Schrägfläche begrenzt, sondern umfasst auch nichtlineare, d. h. gekrümmte Oberflächen. Die Oberflächenausrichtung ist generell durch die Oberflächenhöhendifferenz, d. h. den Höhenunterschied zwischen höchstem Punkt und tiefsten Punkt charakterisiert, zudem auch durch den Verlauf oder die Lage der Falllinie. Im Falle ebener Facetten können diese Angaben durch den Azimutwinkel, d. h. die Winkelangabe für die Falllinie, und den Neigungswinkel, d. h. die (ggf. mittlere) Steigung der geneigten Oberfläche ausgedrückt werden. Die Grundhöhe, d. h. der Abstand zu einer Bezugsebene, ist für die optische Wirkung der Facette nicht relevant. Man kann sie also je nach Werkzeugfertigung und Prägeverfahren weitgehend frei wählen.The security element contains at least two types of cells which differ in terms of their surface orientation. In the case of flat facets, the term surface alignment is related to the angle of inclination and also to the direction of the surface inclination. However, it is not limited to a flat inclined surface, but also includes non-linear, ie curved surfaces. The surface orientation is generally determined by the surface height difference, i.e. the height difference between the highest point and lowest point, and also by the course or position of the fall line. In the case of flat facets, this information can be expressed by the azimuth angle, ie the angle information for the fall line, and the angle of inclination, ie the (possibly mean) slope of the inclined surface. The basic height, ie the distance to a reference plane, is not relevant for the optical effect of the facet. You can choose them largely freely depending on the tool manufacture and the embossing process.
Das Belegen der Zellen mit Farbe erfordert eine Passerung von Prägung und Farbauftrag, beispielsweise durch Drucken. Als Druckverfahren kann beispielsweise ein Trocken-Offset, Naß-Offset- oder Inkjet-Verfahren zum Einsatz kommen. Die Reihenfolge ist dabei je nach Ausführungsform wählbar, d. h. es kann zuerst geprägt und dann gedruckt, zuerst gedruckt und dann geprägt oder gleichzeitig geprägt und gedruckt werden. Möchte man zuerst prägen und dann drucken, ist es zu bevorzugen, eine Passmarke zu prägen, beispielsweise außerhalb eines Motives oder Symbols, das mit der Prägung gestaltet werden soll. Diese geprägte Passmarke kann dann für die Steuerung des nachfolgenden Druckes verwendet werden, um die korrekte Zuordnung des Musters der Farbflächen zum 2D-Muster der Zellen sicherzustellen. Ein ähnliches Vorgehen kann man auch verwenden, wenn zuerst gedruckt und dann geprägt werden soll. Dann wird eine gedruckte Passmarke verwendet. In einer Ausführungsform das Substrat mit einer Lochung für eine exakte Greiferführung beim Drucken ausgestaltet, sodass bogenweise mit gleicher Ausrichtung zunächst gedruckt und dann geprägt wird. Bei einem Inlineprozess, der von Rolle zu Rolle arbeitet, können Druck und Prägung auch anderweitig exakt aufeinander abgestimmt werden. Solche Mittel sind dem Fachmann bekannt.Covering the cells with color requires registration of the embossing and application of color, for example by printing. A dry offset, wet offset or inkjet process, for example, can be used as the printing process. The sequence can be selected depending on the embodiment, ie it can be embossed first and then printed, first printed and then embossed or simultaneously embossed and printed. If you want to emboss first and then print, it is preferable to emboss a registration mark, for example outside of a motif or symbol that is to be designed with the embossing. This embossed registration mark can then be used to control the subsequent printing in order to ensure the correct assignment of the pattern of the colored areas to the 2D pattern of the cells. A similar procedure can also be used if you want to print first and then emboss. Then a printed registration mark is used. In one embodiment, the substrate is designed with a perforation for exact gripper guidance during printing, so that it is first printed in sheets with the same orientation and then embossed. In an inline process that works from roll to roll, printing and embossing can also be precisely coordinated with one another in other ways. Such agents are known to the person skilled in the art.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist ein Wertdokument - beispielsweise eine Banknote, ein Ausweisdokument, ein Scheck, eine elektronisch auslesbare Karte, ein Produkt oder eine Produktverpackung mit einem Sicherheitselement der genannten Art versehen. Das Sicherheitselement kann mit seiner Prägestruktur auf den entsprechenden Gegenstand aufgebracht sein oder mit im Gegenstand selbst, also insbesondere einer Prägestruktur im Substrat des Gegenstandes, ausgebildet werden. In Ausgestaltungen ist zum Produktschutz bzw. als Absicherung gegen Produktfälschungen ein Produkt oder eine Produktverpackung mit dem Sicherheitselement ausgestattet.In one embodiment of the invention, a value document - for example a bank note, an identity document, a check, an electronically readable card, a product or product packaging - is provided with a security element of the type mentioned. The security element can be applied with its embossed structure to the corresponding object or can be formed in the object itself, that is to say in particular an embossed structure in the substrate of the object. In refinements, a product or product packaging is equipped with the security element for product protection or as a safeguard against product counterfeiting.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen, die ebenfalls erfindungswesentliche Merkmale offenbaren können, noch näher erläutert. Diese Ausführungsbeispiele dienen lediglich der Veranschaulichung und sind nicht als einschränkend auszulegen. Beispielsweise ist eine Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit einer Vielzahl von Elementen oder Komponenten nicht dahingehend auszulegen, dass alle diese Elemente oder Komponenten zur Realisierung notwendig sind. Vielmehr können andere Ausführungsbeispiele auch alternative Elemente oder Komponenten, weniger Elemente oder Komponenten oder zusätzliche Elemente oder Komponenten enthalten. Elemente oder Komponenten verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiele können miteinander kombiniert werden, sofern nichts anderes angegeben ist. Modifikationen und Abwandlungen, welche für eines der Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben sind, können auch auf andere Ausführungsbeispiele angewendet werden. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen werden gleiche oder funktionelle oder strukturelle entsprechende Elemente in verschiedenen Figuren mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet und nicht mehrmals erläutert. In den Figuren zeigen:
-
eine Draufsicht auf eine Banknote mit einem Sicherheitselement,Figur 1 -
eine schematische Darstellung der Struktur des Sicherheitselementes derFigur 2Figur 1 , -
Figuren 3a-3b Darstellungen von Zellen des Sicherheitselementes derFigur 1 in verschiedenen Ansichten, -
eine Draufsicht auf einFigur 4Sicherheitselement gemäß Figur 1 mit einem Bereich, der zwei Informationen kodiert, -
Figur 5 eine Darstellung ähnlich derFigur 4 , wobei die zwei Informationen vor einem Hintergrund angeordnet sind, -
Figur 6 eine Ausgestaltung einer Prägestruktur für plastisch erscheinende Informationen, -
Figur 7 eine Darstellung ähnlich derFigur 5 für die Erläuterung der Plastizität der Informationen und -
Figur 8 eine Darstellung ähnlich derFigur 6 zur Erläuterung einer Verstärkung der Plastizität der Information derFigur 7 .
-
Figure 1 a top view of a bank note with a security element, -
Figure 2 a schematic representation of the structure of the security element ofFigure 1 , -
Figures 3a-3b Representations of cells of the security element ofFigure 1 in different views, -
Figure 4 a plan view of a security element according toFigure 1 with an area encoding two pieces of information, -
Figure 5 a representation similar to theFigure 4 with the two pieces of information arranged in front of a background, -
Figure 6 a design of an embossed structure for information that appears plastic, -
Figure 7 a representation similar to theFigure 5 for explaining the plasticity of the information and -
Figure 8 a representation similar to theFigure 6 to explain a reinforcement of the plasticity of the informationFigure 7 .
Der Kontrast der kodierten Information I bzw. II hängt unter anderem von der Steilheit der Rücksprungflanke 8, 10 von der Facette 7, 9 auf das Oberflächenniveau E ab. Je steiler die Rücksprungflanke 8, 10 ist und je näher sie einem Winkel von 90° bezogen auf die Ebene E kommt, umso kontrastreicher zeichnen sich die Information I bzw. II ab.The contrast of the coded information I or II depends, among other things, on the steepness of the
Die Zellen 1, 2 füllen einen gewünschten Bereich. Die Umrissform dieses Bereichs kann beliebig gewählt werden.
Wie nachfolgend noch erläutert werden wird, sind die Zellen 1, 2 und optional auch die Zellen des Hintergrundes H mit Farbflächen versehen, wobei jede Farbfläche auf genau einer Zelle angeordnet ist. Die Farbflächen auf den Zellen 1 haben dabei im Beispiel nicht alle dieselbe Farbe, sondern sind so verteilt, dass sie den plastischen Eindruck der Information I verstärken, beispielsweise Glanzpunkte setzen, etc. Gleiches gilt für die Zellen 2.As will be explained below,
Die in
In
In der
Es ist möglich, einzelne Zellen und/oderZellarten farbfrei, also ohne Farbflächen, zu lassen.It is possible to leave individual cells and / or cell types color-free, i.e. without colored areas.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist die beschriebene Prägestruktur mit Zellen in hexagonalen Gitterformen.A preferred embodiment is the described embossed structure with cells in hexagonal lattice shapes.
Ist unterhalb eines Farbfeldes eine zur Grundebene parallele Zelle angelegt, so erscheint diese Stelle in direkter Draufsicht farbig. Liegen mehrere verschiedenfarbige Farbflächen auf Bereichen solcher Zellen (bzw. ohne Zellen), ergibt sich ein entsprechender Mischton. Es ist in diesem Sinne also durchaus möglich und in Anwendungsformen vorgesehen, die Hintergrundbereiche oder Hintergrundzellen ebenfalls farbig anzulegen.If a cell parallel to the ground plane is created below a color field, this point appears colored in a direct plan view. If there are several different colored areas of color on areas of such cells (or without cells), a corresponding mixed tone results. In this sense, it is quite possible and provided in application forms to also create the background areas or background cells in color.
Weiter ist es in einer Ausführungsform bevorzugt, die den Informationen zugeordneten Zellen in einer wiederholten Anordnung einer Grundfolge von Zellen 1, 2 usw. im 2D-Muster vorzusehen. Die Information kann durch Weglassen oder Austauschen von Zellen erzielt werden. Beispielsweise kann man alle Zellen, die keine Informationen tragen sollen, durch Hintergrundzellen ohne geneigte Oberfläche ersetzen. Auch ist es möglich, in einzelnen Abschnitten Zellen der einen Zellenart gegen Zellen einer anderen Zellenart zu ersetzen. Für die Darstellung mehrerer Informationen kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn zwei oder mehrere benachbarte Zellen der gleichen Zellenart nebeneinander liegen, wie dies in
Die darzustellenden Informationen können allgemein in der Prägestruktur und/oder im farbigen Druck enthalten sein. In einer Ausführungsform werden die in dem zweidimensionalen Muster angeordneten Zellen individuell, mit einem mehrfarbigen, gleichmäßigen Farbmuster bedruckt. Das Farbmuster ist insofern frei von der darzustellenden Information (bzw. trägt nur optional mit seiner Außenkontur eine eigenständige weitere Information). Bei dieser Variante liegt die Information nur in der Prägestruktur (bzw. im Prägewerkzeug). Ebenso ist es in Ausführungsformen möglich, die Prägestruktur mit einer sich rein wiederholenden Anordnung von Zellen 1 und Zellen 2 (bei zwei Informationen) bzw. zusätzlicher Zellen (bei mehr als zwei Informationen) auszubilden, wobei innerhalb der Zellen 1, 2 (und ggf. weiterer Zellen) jeweils die Falllinienrichtung und der Neigungswinkel konstant ist. Somit entsteht durch die Prägestruktur selbst keine Information. Die Information und ggf. deren Räumlichkeit wird ausschließlich durch die Ausgestaltung mit den Farbflächen erzielt. Auf diese Weise kann man mit ein und demselben Prägestempel in Kombination mit einem farbigen Aufdruck der geprägten Zellen eine Information durch eine Zellenart generieren.The information to be displayed can generally be contained in the embossed structure and / or in the colored print. In one embodiment, the cells arranged in the two-dimensional pattern are individually printed with a multicolored, uniform color pattern. In this respect, the color sample is free of the information to be displayed (or only optionally carries additional information of its own with its outer contour). With this variant, the information is only in the embossing structure (or in the embossing tool). It is also possible in embodiments to form the embossed structure with a purely repetitive arrangement of
- 1, 1a-d, 2, 2a-d1, 1a-d, 2, 2a-d
- Zellecell
- 3,43.4
- FalllinieFall line
- 7, 97, 9
- Facettefacet
- 8,108.10
- RücksprungflankeReturn flank
- 11.1,11.2,11.311.1,11.2,11.3
- FarbfeldSwatch
- SS.
- SicherheitselementSecurity element
- BB.
- BanknoteBanknote
- I, III, II
- Informationinformation
- EE.
- Ebenelevel
- t1, t2t1, t2
- Tiefedepth
- α1, α2α1, α2
- NeigungswinkelInclination angle
Claims (15)
- A security element, wherein the security element (S) has an optically variable embossed structure having a multiplicity of cells (1, 2) which are arranged in a 2D pattern,
wherein the cells (1, 2) comprise a facet (7, 9) as the surface, which is oriented non-parallel to a base plane (E) of the security element and which is characterized by a surface height difference (t) and a direction (3, 4) of the surface orientation, and a return flank (8, 10) with which the cell returns by the surface height difference (t),
wherein the cells (1, 2) have a semitransparent or opaque reflecting layer,
wherein the security element represents an information item to a viewer by each cell acting as a pixel which is dark or light at a certain viewing angle in dependence on the surface orientation of the cell,
wherein the embossed structure has at least two types of cells (1, 2) which mutually differ with respect to the direction (3, 4) of the surface orientation and/or the surface height difference (t),
the embossed structure is equipped with ink, wherein the cells (1, 2) are configured in individual and differently colored (11.1 - 11.3) manner,
characterized in that
the cells (1, 2) are equipped with a colored area (11) in each case, which is smaller than the cell area, but corresponds to more than 50% of the cell area. - The security element according to claim 1, characterized in that the return flank (8, 10) has an angle near 90° with reference to the base plane (E) of the security element.
- The security element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cells (1, 2) have colored areas (11) whose color stems from one out of several basic colors, wherein cells (2) of one of the cell types are equipped with colored areas (11.2, 11.3) in different ones of the basic colors for producing a mixed color.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for at least one of the cell types all cells (2) are configured uniformly with the same color.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein each type of cells codes an information item (I, II) and the colored configuration is adapted such that a plastic impression of the information item (I, II) is produced or intensified.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least two types of cells (1, 2) are oriented such that the information items (I, II) allocated thereto are recognizable from different, mutually separate viewing angle ranges.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that within at least one cell type the direction (3, 4) of the surface orientation and the surface height difference is constant and preferably a plastic impression of the corresponding information item (I, II) is created by the colored configuration.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that within at least one cell type the direction (3, 4) of the surface orientation is constant and the surface height difference is different and preferably a plastic impression of the corresponding information item (I, II) is created by the colored configuration and the different surface height difference.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for at least one further cell type all cells (2) are configured to be color-free.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reflecting layer is a metallic or highly refractive layer.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cells (2) of one cell type are created in differently colored manner by occupation with different colors.
- The security element according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that ink applied to the cells (1, 2) is semitransparent or opaque colored areas are arranged below the reflecting surface of the cells.
- An object, such as a value document, product or product packaging, with a security element according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the object comprises a substrate and the embossed structure is formed in the surface of the substrate or the embossed structure is formed in the security element which is applied to the substrate.
- A method for manufacturing a security element (S), wherein into a substrate an optically variable embossed structure is embossed, which has a multiplicity of cells (1, 2) which are arranged in a 2D pattern, wherein the cells (1, 2) comprise a facet (7, 9) as the surface, which is oriented non-parallel to a base plane (E) of the security element and which is characterized by a surface height difference (t) and a direction (3, 4) of the surface orientation, and a return flank (8, 10) with which the cell returns by the surface height difference (t),
wherein in the embossed structure at least two types of cells (1, 2) are provided which mutually differ with respect to the direction (3, 4) of the surface orientation and/or the surface height difference (t), and
wherein for the cells (1, 2) a semitransparent or opaque reflecting layer is applied,
wherein the security element represents an information item to a viewer by each cell acting as a pixel which is dark or light at a certain viewing angle in dependence on the surface orientation of the cell,
the embossed structure is equipped with ink, wherein the cells (1, 2) are configured in individual and differently colored (11.1 - 11.3) manner, and wherein the cells (1, 2) are equipped with a colored area (11) in each case, which is smaller than the cell area, but corresponds to more than 50% of the cell area. - The method according to claim 14 adjusted for manufacturing a security element according to any of claims 1 to 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017006513.6A DE102017006513A1 (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2017-07-10 | Security element with optically variable 2-dimensional embossing structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3427967A1 EP3427967A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
EP3427967B1 true EP3427967B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18000582.9A Active EP3427967B1 (en) | 2017-07-10 | 2018-07-06 | Security element comprising an optically variable two-dimensional embossing structure |
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EP (1) | EP3427967B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017006513A1 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102005011612A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-23 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with an optically variable structure |
DE102009056934A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element, value document with such a security element and manufacturing method of a security element |
DE102010052665A1 (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-05-31 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Reflective security element for security paper, value documents or the like |
DE102011114645A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element with an optically variable structure of micromirrors |
DE102012110630A1 (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-08 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Multi-layer body and method for producing a security element |
DE102014018512A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable security element |
-
2017
- 2017-07-10 DE DE102017006513.6A patent/DE102017006513A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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