EP3427802B1 - System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor - Google Patents

System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3427802B1
EP3427802B1 EP18187080.9A EP18187080A EP3427802B1 EP 3427802 B1 EP3427802 B1 EP 3427802B1 EP 18187080 A EP18187080 A EP 18187080A EP 3427802 B1 EP3427802 B1 EP 3427802B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
vessel
fluid
shaft
vapor
Prior art date
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EP18187080.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3427802C0 (en
EP3427802A1 (en
Inventor
John D. Riley
Dana L. Johnson
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VERNO HOLDINGS LLC
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VERNO HOLDINGS LLC
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Priority claimed from US13/536,581 external-priority patent/US9102545B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/30—Fractionating columns with movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/06—Evaporators with vertical tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/22—Evaporating by bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated surface
    • B01D1/222—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts
    • B01D1/223—In rotating vessels; vessels with movable parts containing a rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
    • B01D2221/08—Mobile separation devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/08—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping in rotating vessels; Atomisation on rotating discs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/08—Thin film evaporation

Definitions

  • Desalinization also desalination or desalinisation refers to one of many processes for removing excess salt, minerals and other natural or unnatural contaminants from water. Historically, desalinization converted sea water into drinking water onboard ships. Modern desalinization processes are still used on ships and submarines to ensure a constant drinking water supply for the crew. But, desalinization is increasingly being used in arid regions having scarce fresh water resources. In these regions, salt water from the ocean is desalinated to fresh water suitable for consumption (i.e. potable) or for irrigation. The highly concentrated waste product from the desalinization process is commonly referred to as brine, with salt (NaCl) being a typical major by-product. Most modern interest in desalinization focuses on developing cost-effective processes for providing fresh water for use in arid regions where fresh water availability is limited.
  • Desalinization may be performed by many different processes. For example, several processes use simple evaporation-based desalinization methods such as multiple-effect evaporation (MED or simply ME), vapor-compression evaporation (VC) and evaporation-condensation.
  • evaporation-condensation is a natural desalinization process performed by nature during the hydrologic cycle.
  • water evaporates into the atmosphere from sources such as lakes, oceans and streams. Evaporated water then contacts cooler air and forms dew or rain. The resultant water is generally free from impurities.
  • the hydrologic process can be replicated artificially using a series of evaporation-condensation processes. In basic operation, salt water is heated to evaporation.
  • An alternative evaporation-based desalinization method includes multi-stage flash distillation, as briefly described above.
  • Multi-stage flash distillation uses vacuum distillation. Vacuum distillation is a process of boiling water at less than atmospheric pressure by creating a vacuum within the evaporation chamber. Hence, vacuum distillation operates at a much lower temperature than MED or VC and therefore requires less energy to evaporate the water to separate the contaminants therefrom. This process is particularly desirable in view of rising energy costs.
  • Alternative desalinization methods may include membrane-based processes such as reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialisys reversal (EDR), nanofiltration (NF), forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD).
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • EDR electrodialisys reversal
  • NF nanofiltration
  • F forward osmosis
  • MD membrane distillation
  • RO reverse osmosis
  • EDR electrodialisys reversal
  • NF nanofiltration
  • F forward osmosis
  • MD membrane distillation
  • Reverse osmosis uses semi-permeable membranes and pressure to separate salt and other impurities from water.
  • Reverse osmosis membranes are considered selective. That is, the membrane is highly permeable to water molecules while highly impermeable to salt and other contaminants dissolved therein.
  • the membranes themselves are stored in expensive and highly pressurized containers. The containers arrange the membranes to maximize surface area and salt water flow rate therethrough.
  • a high-pressure pump helps filter salt water through the membrane.
  • the pressure in the system varies according to the pump settings and osmotic pressure of the salt water. Osmotic pressure depends on the temperature of the solution and the concentration of salt dissolved therein.
  • centrifuges are typically more efficient, but are more difficult to implement. The centrifuge spins the solution at high rates to separate materials of varying densities within the solution.
  • suspended salts and other contaminants are subject to constant radial acceleration along the length of the membrane.
  • One common problem with reverse osmosis in general is the removal of suspended salt and clogging of the membrane over time.
  • a hydraulic energy recovery system may be integrated into the reverse osmosis system to combat rising energy costs associated with already energy intensive processes. This involves recovering part of the input energy.
  • turbines are particularly capable of recovering energy in systems that require high operating pressures and large volumes of salt water. The turbine recovers energy during a hydraulic pressure drop.
  • energy is recovered in a reverse osmosis system based on pressure differentials between opposite sides of the membrane. The pressure on the salt water side is much higher than the pressure on the desalinated water side. The pressure drop produces considerable hydraulic energy recoverable by the turbine.
  • the energy produced between high pressure and low pressure sections of the reverse osmosis membrane is harnessed and not completely wasted.
  • Recovered energy may be used to drive any of the system components, including the high-pressure pump or centrifuge. Turbines help reduce overall energy expenditures to perform desalinization.
  • reverse osmosis systems typically consume less energy than thermal distillation and is, therefore, more cost effective. While reverse osmosis works well with somewhat brackish water solutions, reverse osmosis may become overloaded and inefficient when used with heavily salted solutions, such as ocean salt water.
  • Other, less efficient desalinization methods may include ionic exchange, freezing, geothermal desalinization, solar humidification (HDH or MEH), methane hydrate crystallization, high-grade water recycling or RF induced hyperthermia. Regardless of the process, desalinization remains energy intensive. Future costs and economic feasibility continue to depend on both the price of desalinization technology and the costs of the energy needed to operate the system.
  • US 4,891,140 A discloses a method of separating and removing dissolved minerals and organic material from water by destructive distillation.
  • water is heated to a vapor under controlled pressure. Dissolved salt particles and other contaminants fall out of the solution as water evaporates.
  • An integrated hydrocyclone centrifuge speeds up the separation process. The heated, high pressure clean water transfers energy back to the system through heat exchange and a hydraulic motor. Net energy use is therefore relatively lower than the aforementioned processes. In fact, net energy use is essentially equivalent to pump loss and heat loss from equipment operation.
  • One particular advantage of this design is that there are no membranes to replace. This process removes chemicals and other matter that would otherwise damage or destroy membrane-based desalinization devices.
  • US 4,287,026 A discloses a method and apparatus for removing salt and other minerals in the form of dissolved solids from salt and other brackish waters to produce potable water.
  • Water is forced through several desalinization stages at high temperature and at high centrifugal velocities.
  • the interior components spin the water at speeds up to Mach 2 to efficiently separate and suspend dissolved salt and other dissolved solids from the vaporized water.
  • the suspended salt and other minerals are centrifugally forced outward to be discharged separately from the water vapor.
  • the separated and purified vapor or steam is then condensed back to potable water.
  • the system requires significantly less operational energy than reverse osmosis and similar filtration systems to efficiently and economically purify water.
  • the device must be reassembled after the requisite maintenance is performed. Each housing section must be carefully put back together to ensure proper sealing therebetween.
  • the system is also prone to a variety of torque and maintenance problems as the device ages, such as O-ring leakage.
  • the rotating shaft is connected to the power source by a gear drive, which contributes to the aforementioned reliability problems associated with the bearings, shafts and seals.
  • the system also fails to disclose a means for regulating the speed of the rotating shaft sections according to the osmotic pressure of the salt water being desalinated. The static operation of the Wallace desalinization machine is therefore not as efficient as other modern desalinization devices.
  • an improved system that includes sensors for monitoring real-time system information and controls for adjusting the mechanical operation of the system to maximize decontamination of the water, such as desalinization of the water, and minimize energy consumption.
  • Such a system should further incorporate multiple recycling cycles to increase the recovery of potable water from approximately eighty percent to between approximately ninety-six percent to ninety-nine percent, should incorporate a polymer aided recovery system to extract trace elements of residue compounds and should consume less energy than other desalinization systems known in the art.
  • the present invention fulfills these needs and provides further related advantages.
  • the present invention is directed to a system for processing fluids, an elongated vessel defining an inner chamber having a fluid inlet and a rotatable shaft through the vessel, wherein said elongated vessel and rotatable shaft are oriented horizontally; means for centrifugally and axially compressing a fluid through the vessel, wherein the means for centrifugally and axially compressing comprises a proximate set of alternately spaced trays and baffles, the trays attached to the shaft and having a plurality of scoops through which the fluid passes, the baffles attached to the vessel and having a plurality of apertures through which the fluid passes, wherein each of the plurality of scoops and plurality of apertures have an inlet of a first diameter and an outlet of a second smaller diameter; means for rotating the shaft to drive the means for centrifugally and axially compressing; a means for axially pumping the fluid through the vessel comprising an intake chamber disposed between the fluid inlet and the means for centrifugally and
  • a plurality of trays is disposed within the inner chamber in spaced relation to one another.
  • the trays include scoops through which fluid - both liquid and preferably vapor - passes.
  • the scoops include an inlet of a first diameter and an outlet of a second smaller diameter.
  • a plurality of baffles, typically apertured plates, is disposed between the trays.
  • at least one of the trays includes a flow director extending from a front face thereof and configured to direct flow of the fluid towards a periphery of the tray.
  • the vessel comprises a distal set of alternately spaced trays and baffles, the trays attached to the shaft and having a plurality of scoops through which the fluid passes, the baffles attached to the vessel and having a plurality of apertures through which the fluid passes, wherein each of the plurality of scoops and plurality of apertures have an inlet of a first diameter and an outlet of a second smaller diameter and wherein the distal set of alternately spaced trays and baffles functions as an unlighted gas turbine or an hydraulic/water turbine, due to a change in the nature of the fluid and its flow.
  • the means for centrifugally and axially compressing causes centrifugal compression of the fluid, resulting in the non-vaporized dissolved solids and at least part of the liquid moving toward an outer wall of the vessel, wherein preferably, the means for centrifugally and axially compressing causes axial flow compression of the liquid and vapor increasing the pressure of the fluid.
  • the fluid outlet comprises separate liquid and vapor outlets
  • the system further comprises a means for discharging the fluid into the separate liquid and vapor outlets comprising a discharge chamber having an internal sleeve defining an annular passageway in communication with the liquid outlet, resulting in a reduction in pressure and a physical separation of the non-vaporized dissolved solids and the liquid from the vapor.
  • a rotatable shaft passes through the baffles, and is attached to the tray so as to rotate the trays within the inner chamber, while the baffles remain stationary.
  • a drive rotates the shaft.
  • a gap or a layer or sleeve of low friction material, or bearings is disposed between the baffles and the shaft.
  • a contaminant outlet is formed in the vessel and typically in fluid communication with a contaminant water tank.
  • An internal sleeve is disposed in the inner chamber downstream of the trays and baffles. The internal sleeve is proximate to the contaminate outlet and forms an annular passageway leading from the inner chamber to the contaminate outlet.
  • a water vapor outlet is also formed in the vessel and is in communication with a vapor recovery tank for condensing the vapor to liquid water.
  • at least one treated contaminated water tank is fluidly coupled to the vessel for reprocessing the contaminated water by passing the treated contaminated water through the system again.
  • a controller is used to adjust the speed of rotation of the shaft or the water input into the vessel.
  • At least one sensor is in communication with the controller. At least one sensor is configured to determine at least one of: 1) speed of rotation of the shaft or trays, 2) pressure of the inner chamber, 3) temperature of the fluid, 4) fluid input rate, or 5) level of contaminates in the fluid to be processed.
  • a turbine is connected to the vapor outlet of the vessel and operably connected to an electric generator.
  • the fluid is heated to at least a boiling temperature thereof so as to create steam, and the vapor and/or steam is passed through the turbine operably connected to the electric generator.
  • a treated fluid return may be disposed between the turbine and the vessel fluid inlet.
  • the shaft may extend out of the vessel and be directly or indirectly coupled to an electric generator.
  • a further improvement is that the system is attached to a portable framework, which may be transported via semi-trailer truck, ISO container, or the like.
  • a further improvement is that in use, the for decontamination of the fluid and generation of the vapor a fluid having contaminants is introduced into the vessel.
  • the fluid is moved through the series of rotating trays alternately separated by the stationary baffles so as to swirl and heat the fluid to effect the vaporization thereof to produce a vapor having at least some of the contaminants separated therefrom.
  • the fluid is heated to at least one hundred degrees Fahrenheit (37,7 Ā°C), but less than two hundred twelve degrees Fahrenheit (100 Ā°C), if the system does not include a turbine and electric generator.
  • the temperature of the vapor is raised to a pasteurization temperature. This is done by rotating the trays to a speed where vapor temperature reaches the pasteurization temperature.
  • the vapor is removed from the vessel for condensing apart from the separated contaminants and remaining fluid.
  • the vapor is passed through a recovery tank having spaced apart members in a flow path of the vapor for coalescing or condensing to liquid.
  • a further improvement is that certain conditions are sensed, including at least one of: 1) fluid input into the vessel, 2) the speed of rotation of the trays, 3) pressure within the vessel, 4) temperature of the fluid, or 5) level of separated contaminants.
  • the speed of rotation of the trays or water input into the vessel may be adjusted in response to the sensed conditions.
  • the level of separated contaminants and fluid in a holding tank or concentration of contaminants in the treated fluid may also be sensed, and the separated contaminants and fluid be reprocessed by recirculating them through the vessel.
  • a system according to the present invention for processing fluids comprises an elongated vessel having a fluid inlet and a shaft through the vessel.
  • the system includes means for centrifugally and axially compressing a fluid, both liquid and vapor but primarily vapor, through the vessel.
  • the system also includes means for rotating the shaft to drive the means for centrifugally and axially compressing.
  • the vessel also includes a fluid outlet, which preferably comprises separate liquid and vapor outlets.
  • the means for centrifugally and axially compressing comprises a first set of alternately spaced trays and baffles.
  • the trays are attached to the shaft and have a plurality of scoops through which the fluid, both liquid and vapor, passes.
  • the baffles are attached to the vessel and have a plurality of apertures through which the fluid, both liquid and vapor, passes.
  • the means for rotating the shaft comprises a second set of alternately spaced trays and baffles that functions as an unlighted gas turbine or an hydraulic/water turbine.
  • the trays are attached to the shaft and have a plurality of scoops through which the fluid passes.
  • the baffles are attached to the vessel and have a plurality of apertures through which the fluid passes.
  • the scoops on the trays in the means for centrifugally and axially compressing are oriented at a different angle from the scoops on the trays and the means for rotating the shaft.
  • the means for centrifugally and axially compressing vaporizes at least part of the fluid through cavitation such that the fluid comprises non-vaporized dissolved solids, a liquid and a vapor.
  • the means for centrifugally and axially compressing causes centrifugal compression of the fluid, resulting in the non-vaporized dissolved solids and at least part of the liquid moving toward an outer wall of the vessel.
  • the means for centrifugally and axially compressing causes axial flow compression of the liquid and vapor increasing the pressure of the fluid.
  • the system further comprises a means for discharging the fluid into separate liquid and vapor outlets.
  • This means for discharging comprises a discharge chamber having an internal sleeve defining an annular passageway in communication with the liquid outlet. The separation of the fluid to the separate liquid and vapor outlets results in a reduction in pressure and a physical separation of non-vaporized dissolved solids and the liquid from the vapor.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an intake chamber in so far as an intake chamber is disclosed as means for axially pumping the fluid through the vessel, wherein the intake chamber is disposed between the fluid inlet and the means for centrifugally and axially compressing, and functions as an axial pump once the system is run to an operation rotation speed, and in so far as the baffles extend from the wall of the vessel through the chamber and end proximate to the shaft leaving a central opening (59) between the baffles and the shaft (visible in figures 7 , 21 , 24 , and 27 ).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the invention, in so far as an intake chamber is disclosed as means for axially pumping the fluid through the vessel, wherein the intake chamber is disposed between the fluid inlet and the means for centrifugally and axially compressing, and functions as an axial pump once the system is run to an operation rotation speed, and in so far as the baffles extend from the wall of the vessel through the chamber and end proximate to the shaft leaving a central opening (59) between
  • the present invention resides in a system for decontaminating water and generating water vapor.
  • the system of the present invention is particularly suitable for desalinization of salt water, such as ocean or other brackish waters, as well as, river water or other liquids/slurries.
  • This preferred treatment will be used for exemplary purposes herein, although it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the system of the present invention could be used to decontaminate other water sources.
  • the present invention may be used to remove dissolved or suspended solids (decontamination), as well as, heavy metals and other pollutants.
  • the system of the present invention can be used in association with relatively clean water to create water vapor, in the form of steam, which has a sufficient pressure and temperature so as to be passed through a turbine which is operably connected to an electric generator for the generation of electricity, or other steam heating applications.
  • the system includes a water processing vessel or chamber 12 defining an inner chamber 14, wherein salt and other dissolved solids and contaminants are removed from the water to produce essentially mineral-free, potable water.
  • the processing vessel 12 receives contaminated water from a feed tank 16 through an inlet valve 18 via a feed tank tube 20.
  • the inlet valve 18 enters the vessel 12 laterally through a side wall.
  • This inlet valve 18 can be alternately positioned as described below.
  • the source of water can be sea or ocean water, other brackish waters, or even water which is contaminated with other contaminants.
  • the present invention envisions supplying the contaminated water directly from the source, wherein the feed tank 16 may not necessarily be used.
  • the baffles 24 are fixed to the vessel 12 so as to be stationary.
  • the baffles 24 may comprise a lower portion disposed in the lower shell 12a of the vessel and an upper portion attached to and disposed in the upper shell 12b of the vessel 12 and designed to form a single baffle when the lower and upper shells 12a and 12b of the vessel 12 are in engagement with one another and closed.
  • each baffle 24 may comprise a single piece that is attached to either the lower shell 12a or the upper shell 12b in the earlier embodiment or at multiple points in the single unit embodiment. In either embodiment, the baffle 24 will remain generally stationary as the water and water vapor is passed therethrough.
  • a variable frequency drive 30 regulates the speed at which electric motor 32 drives a transmission 34 and a corresponding shaft 36.
  • the shaft 36 is rotatably coupled to bearings or the like, typically non-friction bearings lubricated with synthetic oil, Schmitt couplers, or ceramic bearings 38 and 40 at generally opposite ends of the vessel 12.
  • the shaft 36 extends through the trays 22 and baffles 24 such that only the trays 22 are rotated by the shaft. That is, the trays 22 are coupled to the shaft 36.
  • Bearings, or a low-friction material, such as a layer or sleeve of Teflon is disposed between the rotating shaft 36 and the aperture plate baffle 24 to reduce friction therebetween, yet stabilize and support the spinning shaft 36. Teflon is not preferred as it could fray and contaminate the fluid.
  • the water processing vessel 12 is oriented generally horizontally. This is in contrast to the Wallace '026 device wherein the water processing chamber was oriented generally vertically, and the top of the rotating shaft was secured by a bearing and a bearing cap, which supported the chamber itself. As a result, the rotating shaft sections were only solidly anchored to the base of the unit. At high rotational operating speeds, vibrations within the system cause excessive bearing, shaft and seal failure. In contrast, horizontally mounting the water processing vessel 12 to a frame structure 42 distributes the rotational load along the length of the vessel 12 and reduces vibrations, such as harmonic vibrations, that could otherwise cause excessive bearing, shaft and seal failures. Moreover, mounting the vessel 12 to the frame structure 42 enhances the portability of the system 10, as will be more fully described herein. Supporting the very rapidly rotating shaft 36 through each baffle 24 further stabilizes the shaft and system and reduces vibrations and damage caused thereby.
  • the shaft 36, and trays 22 are rotated at a very high speed, such as Mach 2, although slower speeds such as Mach 1.7 have proven effective.
  • This moves the water through the scoops 26 of the trays 22, which swirls and heats the water such that a water vapor is formed, and the contaminants, salts, and other dissolved solids are left behind and fall out of the water vapor.
  • Most of the intake water is vaporized by 1) vacuum distillation and 2) cavitation created upon impact with the first rotating tray 22, the centrifugal and axial flow compression causes the temperatures and pressures to increase as there is a direct correlation between shaft RPM and temperature/pressure increases or decreases.
  • the trays 22 are rotated by the shaft 36.
  • the shaft 36 is supported within the interior of the water processing vessel 12 by a plurality of bearings, as mentioned above.
  • the bearings are typically non-friction bearings lubricated with synthetic oil, steel, or ceramic.
  • Prior art desalinization systems incorporate standard roller bearings which would fail under high rotational speeds and high temperatures. Thus, desalinization systems known in the prior art had high failure rates associated with standard roller bearings.
  • the lubricated non-friction bearings, sealed steel ball bearings, or ceramic bearings 38 and 40 are more durable than standard roller bearings and fail less often under high rotational speeds and temperatures.
  • the shaft 36 may be intermittently supported by the low friction materials, such as Teflon sleeves or bearings 50 disposed between the baffle plate 24 and the shaft 36. This further ensures even distribution of weight and forces on the shaft 36 and improves the operation and longevity of the system.
  • an exemplary tray 22 having a plurality of scoops 26 formed therethrough. Although fourteen scoops 26 are illustrated in FIG. 5 , it will be appreciated that the number may vary and can be several dozen in a single tray 22, thus the dotted line represents multiple scoops of a variety of numbers.
  • the angle of the scoop 26 illustrated as approximately forty-five degrees in FIG. 6 , can be varied from tray to tray 22. That is, by increasing the angle of the spinning scoop, such as by twenty-five degrees to thirty-one degrees to thirty-six degrees on the subsequent tray, to forty degrees, forty-five degrees on a next tray, etc. the increase in angle of the scoop 26 of the spinning tray 22 accommodates increases in pressure of the water vapor which builds up as the water vapor passes through the vessel 12. The increase in angle can also be used to further agitate and create water vapor, and increase the pressure of the water vapor, which may be used in a steam turbine, as will be more fully described herein.
  • a baffle 24, in the form of an apertured plate, is shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the baffle 24 is formed as a first plate member 56 and a second plate member 58 which are connected by connectors 60 to the inner wall of the vessel 12.
  • the connectors 60 can comprise bolts, dowels, rods, or any other connecting means which is adequate.
  • the baffle 24 can be formed as a single unit connected to either the upper or the lower vessel shell 12a and 12b.
  • the plate members 56 and 58 inter-engage with one another when the vessel 12 is closed so as to effectively form a single baffle 24.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of one such aperture 28.
  • the aperture preferably includes an inlet 62 having a diameter which is greater than an outlet 64 thereof, such that the aperture 28 is tapered which will increase the pressure and velocity of the water and water vapor which passes therethrough, further increasing the temperature and creating additional vapor from the water.
  • apertures 28 may be formed in the entire baffle plate, as represented by the series of dashed lines. The particular number and size of the apertures 28 may vary depending upon the operating conditions of the system 10.
  • the shaft 36 is illustrated extending through the rotating tray 22.
  • a cone-shaped water director 66 is positioned in front of the tray 22.
  • the director 66 may have a forty-five degree angle to deflect the remaining water and vapor passing through the central opening 59 of the baffle 24 from the shaft 36 and towards the periphery or outer edge of the tray 22 for improved vaporization and higher percentage recovery of potable water.
  • a transmission 34 interconnects the electric motor 32 and the drive shaft 36.
  • the motor 32 may be a combustion engine (gasoline, diesel, natural gas, etc.), electric motor, gas turbine, or other known means for providing drive.
  • the speed of the transmission 34 is set by the variable frequency drive 30.
  • the variable frequency drive 30 is primarily regulated by a computerized controller 68, as will be more fully described herein.
  • the shaft 36 may be belt or gear driven.
  • the motor 32 may also be directly connected to the shaft 36.
  • the shaft 70 of the motor is connected to an intermediate shaft 72 by a belt 74.
  • the intermediate shaft 72 is connected to the shaft by another belt 76.
  • the present invention is able to avoid the vibrational and reliability problems that plague other prior art desalinization systems.
  • the water vapor is directed through a water vapor outlet 48 of the vessel 12.
  • the water vapor travels through a recovery tube 78 to a vapor recovery container or tank 80.
  • the water vapor then condenses and coalesces into liquid water within the vapor recovery tank 80.
  • a preferable further improvement is that a plurality of spaced apart members 82, such as in the form of louvers, are positioned in the flow pathway of the water vapor such that the water vapor can coalesce and condense on the louvers and become liquid water.
  • the liquid water is then moved to a potable water storage tank 84 or a pasteurizing and holding tank 86. If the water and water vapor in the vessel 12 is heated to the necessary temperature for pasteurization, so as to kill harmful microorganisms, zebra mussel larvae, and other harmful organisms, the liquid water may be held in holding tank 86.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the overall system 10 including the alternate single piece construction of the vessel 12.
  • the vessel 12 has a construction similar to the previously described embodiment, including elements such as the inner chamber 14, the inlet valve 18, the trays 22 having scoops 26, the baffles 24 having apertures 28, the brine outlet 46, and the vapor outlet 48.
  • the inlet valve 18 comprises multiple inlets, preferably at least two, to the vessel 12. These inlets 18 are disposed on the end of the vessel around the shaft 36 so as to more evenly distribute the fluid across the inner chamber 14.
  • a shaft 36 supported by ceramic bearings 38, 40 passes through the center of the trays 22 and baffles 24.
  • the trays 22 are affixed to the shaft 36 and extend outward toward the wall of the inner chamber 14 as described above.
  • the baffles 24 comprise a single piece extending from the walls of the inner chamber 14 toward the shaft 36 with a central opening 59 forming a gap between the baffles 24 and the shaft 36 as described above.
  • the baffles 24 are preferably fixed to the walls of the inner chamber by screws or dowels 60 also as described above.
  • the vessel 12 includes six trays 22 and five baffles 24 alternatingly dispersed through the inner chamber 14.
  • the inner chamber 14 includes an internal sleeve 45 disposed proximate to the brine outlet 46.
  • the internal sleeve 45 has an annular shape with a diameter slightly less than the diameter of the inner chamber 14.
  • the internal sleeve 45 extends from a point downstream of the last tray 22 to another point immediately downstream of the brine outlet 46.
  • An annular passageway 47 is created between the internal sleeve 45 and the outer wall of the inner chamber 14.
  • the internal sleeve 45 is about six inches (15,2 cm) long and the annular passageway 47 is about 1-11 ā‡ 2 inches (2,54 cm to 3,81 cm) wide.
  • This annular passageway or channel 47 captures the brine or contaminate material that is spun out from the rotating trays 22 to the outer wall of the chamber 14 as described above. This annular passageway 47 facilitates movement of the brine or contaminate material to the outlet 46 and minimizes the chances of contamination of the vapor discharge or buildup of material within the chamber 14.
  • FIGURE 16 illustrates a close-up of the trays 22 and baffles 24.
  • the baffles 24 extend from the wall of the vessel 12 through the chamber 14 and end proximate to the shaft 36.
  • a cone 66 is preferably disposed on each tray 22 so as to deflect any fluid flowing along the shaft as described above ( FIG. 8 ).
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an external view of the vessel 12 indicating the inlets 18, the outlets 46, 48 and the shaft 36. Ordinarily, the ends of the vessel 12 would be enclosed and sealed against leaks. They are depicted open here for clarification and ease of illustration.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an external view of the vessel 12 indicating the inlets 18, the outlets 46, 48 and the shaft 36. Ordinarily, the ends of the vessel 12 would be enclosed and sealed against leaks. They are depicted open here for clarification and ease of illustration.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-section of the vessel 12 shown in FIG. 17 , further illustrating the internal components, including the trays 22, baffles 24, internal sleeve 45 and annular passageway 47.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates the shaft 36 with trays 22 and baffles 24 apart from the vessel 12.
  • FIGURES 20 and 21 illustrate the tray 22 and baffle 24, respectively.
  • FIGS. 22, 23 and 26 illustrate various views and cross-sections of the tray 22 in FIG. 20 .
  • FIGS. 24 and 27 similarly illustrate various views and cross-sections of the baffle 24 in FIG. 21 .
  • the tray 22 includes scoops 26 which pass through the body of the tray 22.
  • the scoops 26 include a scoop inlet 52 and a scoop outlet 54 configured as described above.
  • the scoop inlet 52 is preferably oriented such that the opening faces into the direction of rotation about the shaft. This maximizes the amount of fluid that enters the scoop inlet 52 and passes through the plurality of scoops.
  • the angle of the scoops 26 on successive trays 22 may be adjusted as described above.
  • the baffle 24 also includes a plurality of apertures 28 configured and profiled ( FIG. 9 ) as described above.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates the shaft 36 and a pairing of a tray 22 with a baffle 24.
  • the arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the shaft and accordingly the tray 22 in this particular figure.
  • the scoops 26 with the scoop inlet 52 are illustrated as facing in the direction of the rotation, i.e., out of the page, in the top half of the figure. In the bottom half of the figure, the scoop 26 with scoop inlet 52 is also illustrated as being oriented in the direction of rotation, i.e., into the page, as the tray 22 rotates with the shaft 36.
  • the direction of rotation may be either clockwise or counter-clockwise..
  • the scoop inlet 52 has a larger diameter than the scoop outlet 54 so as to increase the flow rate and decrease the fluid pressure.
  • the temperature of the water vapor is heated to between one hundred degrees Fahrenheit (37,7 Ā°C) and less than two hundred twelve degrees Fahrenheit (100 Ā°C). Even more preferably, the water vapor is heated to between one hundred forty degrees Fahrenheit (60 Ā°C) and one hundred seventy degrees Fahrenheit (76,6 Ā°C) for pasteurization purposes. However, the water vapor temperature is kept to a minimum and almost always less than two hundred twelve degrees Fahrenheit (100 Ā°C) such that the water does not boil and become steam, which is more difficult to condense and coalesce from water vapor to liquid water.
  • Increased RPMs result in increased temperatures and pressures. The RPMs can be adjusted to achieve the desired temperatures.
  • the water is boiled and the water vapor temperature is brought to above two hundred twelve degrees Fahrenheit (100 Ā°C) preferably only in instances where steam generation is desirable for heating, electricity generating, and other purposes as will be more fully described herein.
  • This enables the present invention to both pasteurize the water vapor and condense and coalesce the water vapor into liquid water without complex refrigeration or condensing systems, which often require additional electricity and energy.
  • a further improvement is that the contaminated water, referred to as brine in desalinization processes, is collected at outlet 46 and moved to a brine disposal tank 88.
  • the contaminated water referred to as brine in desalinization processes
  • a brine disposal tank 88 As shown in FIG. 1 , polymers or other chemistry 90 may be added to the brine to recover trace elements, etc.
  • the salt from the brine may be processed and used for various purposes, including generating table salt, agricultural brine and/or fertilizer.
  • the treated contaminated water is reprocessed by recycling the contaminants and remaining water through the system again. This may be done multiple times such that the amount of potable water extracted from the contaminated water increases, up to as much as ninety-nine percent. This may be done by directing the contaminants and waste water from the outlet 46 to a first brine, or contaminant, reprocessing tank 92. The remaining waste water, in the form of brine or other contaminants, is then reintroduced through inlet 18 of the vessel 12 and reprocessed and recirculated through the vessel 12, as described above. Additional potable water will be extracted in the form of water vapor for condensing and collection in the vapor recovery tank 80.
  • the remaining contaminants and wastewater are then directed to a second brine or contaminant reprocessing tank 94.
  • the concentration of contaminants or brine will be much higher in the reprocessing tank 92.
  • this contaminated water is then passed through the inlet 18 and circulated and processed through the system 10, as described above.
  • Extracted potable water vapor is removed at outlet 48 and turned into liquid water in the vapor recovery tank 80, as described above.
  • the resulting contaminants and wastewater can then be placed into yet another reprocessing tank, or into the brine disposal tank 88. It is anticipated that an initial pass-through of seawater will yield, for example, eighty percent to ninety percent potable water.
  • the first reprocessing will yield an additional amount of potable water, such that the total extracted potable water is between ninety percent and ninety-five percent. Passing the brine and remaining water through the system again can yield up to ninety-nine percent recovery of potable water, by recycling the brine at little to no increase in unit cost. Moreover, this reduces the volume of the brine or contaminants, which can facilitate trace element recovery and/or reduce the disposal costs thereof.
  • a computer system is integrated into the system 10 of the present invention which regulates the variable frequency drive 30 based on measurements taken from a plurality of sensors that continually read temperature, pressure, flow rate, rotational rates of components and remaining capacity of a variety of tanks connected to the water processing vessel 12. Typically, these readings are taken in real-time.
  • temperature and/or pressure sensors 96 may be employed to measure the temperature of the water or water vapor within or exiting the vessel 12, as well as the pressure thereof as needed.
  • the control box 68 will cause the variable frequency drive 30 to maintain the rotational speed of shaft 36, decrease the rotational speed of the shaft 36, or increase the rotational speed of the shaft 36 to either maintain the temperature and pressure, reduce the temperature and pressure, or increase the pressure and temperature, respectively, of the water and water vapor. This may be done, for example, to ensure that the water vapor temperature is at the necessary pasteurization temperature so as to kill all harmful microorganisms and other organisms therein.
  • a sensor may be used to detect the rotational speed (RPMS) of the shaft 36 and/or trays 22 to ensure that the system is operating correctly and that the system is generating the necessary water vapor at a desired temperature and/or pressure.
  • the computerized controller may also adjust the amount of water input through inlet 18 (GPMS) so that the proper amount of water is input as to the amount of water vapor and wastewater which is removed so that the system 10 operates efficiently.
  • the control box 68 may adjust the flow rate of water into the vessel 12, or even adjust the water input.
  • FIGURE 28 illustrates a preferable further improvement is that schematically a computer display 112 or similar configuration.
  • This computer display schematically illustrates the vessel 12 with the various inlets and outlets 18, 46, 48, as well as the shaft 36 and the plurality of trays 22.
  • the shaft 36 has multiple vibration and temperature sensors 114 disposed along its length.
  • the bearings 38, 40 also include vibration and temperature sensors 114.
  • the vibration and temperature sensors 114 are configured to detect horizontal and vertical vibrations at each point, as well as, the temperature of the shaft 36 generated by the friction of rotation.
  • the bearings 38, 40 include oil supply 116a and return 116b lines to provide lubrication thereof.
  • the inlets 18 and brine outlet 46 include flow meters 118 to detect the corresponding flow rates.
  • Temperature and pressure sensors 96 are disposed throughout the vessel 12. The temperature and pressure sensors 96 are also disposed throughout the vessel 12 to take measurements at various predetermined points.
  • the contaminated water may come from a feed tank 16, or can be from any other number of tanks, including reprocessing tanks 92 and 94. It is also contemplated that the collected water storage tank could be fluidly coupled to the inlet 18 so as to ensure that the water is purified to a certain level or for other purposes, such as when generating steam which requires a higher purity of water than the contaminated water may provide. As such, one or more sensors 98 may track the data within the tanks to determine water or wastewater/brine levels, concentrations, or flow rates into the tanks or out of the tanks.
  • the controller 68 may be used to switch the input and output of the tanks, such as when the brine is being reprocessed from a first brine reprocessing tank 92 to the second brine reprocessing tank 94, and eventually to the brine disposal tank 88, as described above.
  • first brine reprocessing tank reaches a predetermined level
  • fluid flow from the feed tank 16 is shut off, and instead fluid is provided from the first brine reprocessing tank 92 into the vessel 12.
  • the treated contaminants and remaining wastewater are then directed into the second brine reprocessing tank 94, until it reaches a predetermined level.
  • the water is directed from the second brine reprocessing tank 94 through the system and water processing vessel 12 to, for example, the brine disposal tank 88.
  • Brine water in the first reprocessing tank 92 may be approximately twenty percent of the contaminated water, including most of the total dissolved solids.
  • the residual brine which is finally directed to the brine disposal tank 88 may only comprise one percent of the contaminated water initially introduced into the decontamination system 10 via the feed tank 16.
  • the temperature and pressure sensors, RPM and flow meters can be used to control the desired water output including water vapor temperature controls that result in pasteurized water.
  • the controller 68 can be used to direct the variable frequency drive 30 to power the motor 32 such that the shaft 36 is rotated at a sufficiently high velocity that the rotation of the trays boils the input water and creates steam of a desired temperature and pressure, as illustrated in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a steam turbine 100 integrated into the system 10.
  • the steam turbine 100 may also be used with the vessel depicted in FIGS. 15-27 .
  • Water vapor in the form of steam could be generated in the water processing vessel 12 to drive a high pressure, low temperature steam turbine by feeding the vapor outlet 48 into an inlet on the turbine 100.
  • the turbine 100 is in turn coupled to an electric generator 102, for cost- effective and economical generation of electricity.
  • the shaft 36 of the vessel 12 may be extended to turn the generator 102 directly or indirectly.
  • the water vapor can be heated to in excess of six hundred degrees Fahrenheit (315 Ā°C) and pressurized in excess of sixteen hundred pounds per square inch (psi) (110 bar), which is adequate to drive the steam turbine 100.
  • psi pounds per square inch
  • the incorporation of the tapered nature of the scoops 26 of the trays 22, and the tapered nature of the apertures 28 of the aperture plate baffles 24 also facilitate the generation of water vapor and steam.
  • Increasing the angles of the scoops 26, such as from twenty-five degrees at a first tray to forty-five degrees at a last tray, also increases water vapor generation in the form of steam and increases the pressure thereof so as to be able to drive the steam turbine 100.
  • FIG. 13 and 14 illustrate a further preferable improvement, wherein a steam outlet 104 is formed at an end of the vessel 12 and the steam turbine 100 is directly connected thereto such that the pressurized steam passes through the turbine 100 so as to rotate the blades 106 and shaft 108 thereof so as to generate electricity via the electric generator coupled thereto.
  • a water vapor outlet 110 conveys the water vapor to a vapor recovery container 80 or the like.
  • the recovery tank 80 may need to include additional piping, condensers, refrigeration, etc. so as to cool the steam or high temperature water vapor so as to condense it into liquid water.
  • the present invention by means of the sensors and controller 68 can generate water vapor of a lower temperature and/or pressure for potable water production, which water vapor is directed through outlet 48 directly into a vapor recovery container, and the system sped up to create high temperature water vapor or steam for passage through the steam turbine 100 to generate electricity as needed.
  • the system 10 may be used to generate potable water when very little electricity is needed.
  • the system 10 can be adjusted to generate steam and electricity.
  • variable frequency drive 30, electric motor 32, transmission 34, and water processing vessel 12 and the components therein can preferably be attached to a framework 42 which is portable.
  • the entire system 10 of the present invention can be designed to fit into a forty foot long (12.2 m) ISO container.
  • This container can be insulated with a refrigeration (HVAC) unit for controlled operating environment and shipping and storage.
  • HVAC refrigeration
  • the various tanks, including the feed tank, vapor recovery tank, portable water storage tank, and contaminant/brine reprocessing or disposal tanks can either be fit into the transportable container, or transported separately and connected to the inlet and outlet ports as needed.
  • the entire system 10 of the present invention can be easily transported in an ISO container, or the like, via ship, semi-tractor trailer, or the like.
  • the system 10 of the present invention can be taken to where needed to address natural disasters, military operations, etc., even at remote locations.
  • Such an arrangement results in a high level of mobility and rapid deployment and startup of the system 10 of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 29 schematically illustrates the processes occurring at various points, i.e., sub-chambers, throughout the vessel 12.
  • the inner chamber 14 of the vessel 12 is effectively divided into a series of sub-chambers as illustrated.
  • the vessel 12 contains five sub-chambers that perform the functions of an axial flow pump, an axial flow compressor, a centrifugal flow compressor, an unlighted gas turbine and/or a hydraulic/water turbine.
  • the system 10 has the capability to vaporize the water through a mechanical process, thereby enabling efficient and effective desalination, decontamination and vaporization of a variety of impaired fluids.
  • the fluid Before entering the vessel 12, the fluid may be subject to a pretreatment step 120 wherein the fluid is passed through filters and various other processes to separate contaminants that are more easily removed or that may damage or degrade the integrity of the system 10.
  • the fluid Upon passing through the inlets 18, the fluid enters an intake chamber 122 which has an effect on the fluid similar to an axial flow pump once the system 10 reaches its operating rotation speed.
  • An external initiating pump (not shown) may be shut off such that the system 10 draws the contaminated water through the inlet, i.e., the intake chamber functions as an axial flow pump, without the continued operation of the initiating pump.
  • a significant reduction in intake chamber pressure causes vacuum distillation or vaporization to occur at temperatures below 212Ā° F (100 Ā°C).
  • the fluid encounters the first tray 22 where it enters the first processing chamber 124.
  • This first processing chamber acts as both a centrifugal flow compressor and as an axial flow compressor through the combined action of the rotating tray 22 and the adjacent baffle 24.
  • a high percentage of the intake water is vaporized through cavitation upon impact with the high speed rotating tray 22 in the first processing chamber 124.
  • a centrifugal flow compression process occurs within the first processing chamber 124 and each subsequent processing chamber. The centrifugal flow compression process casts the non-vaporized dissolved solids and at least some of the liquid water to the outer wall of the processing chamber 124. This action separates the dissolved solids and most of the remaining liquid from the vapor.
  • An axial flow compression process also occurs within the first processing chamber 124 and each subsequent chamber. This axial flow compression process compresses the vapor and liquid which also increases the pressure and temperature within the processing chamber.
  • the second processing chamber 126 and the third processing chamber 128 both function similarly by compounding the action of the centrifugal flow compressor and axial flow compressor features of the first processing chamber 124.
  • the fluid By the time the fluid reaches the fourth processing chamber 130 it has been subjected to centrifugal flow and axial flow compression processes such that the nature of the fluid and its flow through the vessel 12 has changed.
  • the fluid behaves as if it is passing through an unlighted gas turbine or an hydraulic/water turbine by causing rotation of the shaft 36.
  • the fifth processing chamber 132 compounds this unlighted gas turbine or hydraulic/water turbine process.
  • the turbine processes of the fourth and fifth processing chambers 130, 132 supply a measure of force to drive rotation of the shaft 36 such that power on the motor 32 may be throttled back without a loss of functionality in the system 10.
  • the fluid After exiting the fifth processing chamber 132 the fluid has been separated to a high degree such that nearly all of the contaminants in the form of brine pass through the annular passageway 47 to the outlet 46 and the purified vapor passes through the central portion of the inner chamber 14 to the vapor outlet 48.
  • the turbine operations of the fourth and fifth processing chambers 130, 132 allow for continued operation of the system 10 with a reduced energy input (by as much as 25%) as compared to a startup phase once an equilibrium in the operation is reached.
  • the system After the fifth processing chamber 132, the system includes a discharge chamber.
  • the discharge chamber 134 which is larger than any of the preceding processing chambers, contains the two discharge outlets 46, 48.
  • the large increase in volume results in a dramatic reduction in pressure and a physical separation of the dissolved solids and the remaining water from the vapor.
  • the dimensions of the vessel 12 are preferably configured such that the combined processing chambers, 124-132 occupy about one-half of the total length.
  • the discharge chamber 134 occupies about one-third of the total length.
  • the remainder of the length of the vessel, about one-sixth of the total length, is occupied by the intake chamber 122.
  • the processing chambers 124-132 are divided into approximately three-fifths compressor functionality and two-fifths turbine functionality. Once the fluid exits the last processing chamber 132, it has achieved about eighty percent vaporization as it enters the discharge chamber 134 and is directed to the respective outlets 46, 48.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
EP18187080.9A 2012-06-28 2013-06-19 System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor Active EP3427802B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US13/536,581 US9102545B2 (en) 2008-06-23 2012-06-28 System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor
PCT/US2013/046595 WO2014004217A2 (en) 2012-06-28 2013-06-19 System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor
EP13809131.9A EP2866912B1 (en) 2012-06-28 2013-06-19 System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor

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CN107930170A (zh) * 2017-11-22 2018-04-20 ę±Ÿč‹čæˆå…‹åŒ–å·„ęœŗę¢°ęœ‰é™å…¬åø äø€ē§é€‚ē”ØäŗŽē¢±ę¶²č’ø发ēš„å˜é¢‘ęŽ§åˆ¶č£…ē½®
WO2021116207A1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-17 Hellenes Holding As Apparatus for continuous thermal separation of a multi-component substance
AU2020402128A1 (en) * 2019-12-09 2022-06-30 Grant Prideco, Inc. Method for continuous thermal separation of a multi-component substance
CN117263297B (zh) * 2023-11-24 2024-02-13 å±±äøœäø‰å²³åŒ–å·„ęœ‰é™å…¬åø äø€ē§ē”ØäŗŽé«˜ē›ęµ“ę°“ēš„处ē†č£…ē½®

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FR1162054A (fr) * 1956-12-11 1958-09-09 Apv Co Ltd Perfectionnements au traitement des liquides par distillation
US3613368A (en) * 1970-05-08 1971-10-19 Du Pont Rotary heat engine
US3781132A (en) * 1971-08-16 1973-12-25 Monsanto Co Devolatilizer rotor assembly
US4287026A (en) * 1979-03-29 1981-09-01 Wallace William A Desalinization method
US4891140A (en) 1989-01-09 1990-01-02 Burke Jr Jerry A Desalination process
US5118388A (en) * 1990-04-12 1992-06-02 Polysar Financial Services S.A. Polymer melt distributor
US7749360B2 (en) * 2006-04-05 2010-07-06 Waldron Wesley K Vapor based liquid purification system and process
US20090145739A1 (en) * 2007-11-15 2009-06-11 Sundar Industries, Llc Water treatment system
JP4808799B2 (ja) * 2008-06-11 2011-11-02 ę—„ęœ¬ć‚·ć‚¹ćƒ†ćƒ ä¼ē”»ę Ŗ式会ē¤¾ 갓車ē¾½ę ¹åž‹ē™ŗé›»č£…ē½®
US8562791B2 (en) * 2008-06-23 2013-10-22 Verno Holdings, Llc System for decontaminating water and generating water vapor
BRPI0906042A2 (pt) * 2009-04-23 2011-03-29 Japan System Planning Co Ltd gerador de potĆŖncia do tipo de lĆ”mina de impulsor de roda de Ć”gua

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EP2866912A4 (en) 2016-01-27
ES2709875T3 (es) 2019-04-22
CN104602777A (zh) 2015-05-06
CN104602777B (zh) 2017-03-01
EA201500063A1 (ru) 2015-10-30
EA031359B1 (ru) 2018-12-28
IL236379A (he) 2016-03-31
MX2015000140A (es) 2015-05-07
AU2013280863A1 (en) 2015-02-19
BR112014032485B1 (pt) 2021-05-11
HK1205040A1 (en) 2015-12-11
AU2013280863B2 (en) 2017-10-19
EP3427802C0 (en) 2023-06-07
KR101828136B1 (ko) 2018-02-09
WO2014004217A2 (en) 2014-01-03
WO2014004217A3 (en) 2014-06-26
IL236379A0 (he) 2015-02-26
CL2014003533A1 (es) 2015-03-27
BR112014032485A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
CA2877867C (en) 2016-05-31
EP2866912B1 (en) 2018-11-14
IL244262A (he) 2017-01-31
EP2866912A2 (en) 2015-05-06
ES2951035T3 (es) 2023-10-17
CO7240427A2 (es) 2015-04-17
KR20150037884A (ko) 2015-04-08
IL244262A0 (he) 2016-04-21
EP3427802A1 (en) 2019-01-16
IN2014KN03107A (he) 2015-05-08
CA2877867A1 (en) 2014-01-03

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