EP3423762A1

EP3423762A1 - Heat pump with convective shaft cooling

Info

Publication number: EP3423762A1
Application number: EP17709020.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Oliver Kniffler; Holger Sedlak
Original assignee: Efficient Energy GmbH
Current assignee: Efficient Energy GmbH
Priority date: 2016-03-02
Filing date: 2017-02-28
Publication date: 2019-01-09
Anticipated expiration: 2037-02-28
Also published as: EP3423762B1; DE102016203407A1; WO2017148932A1

Abstract

A heat pump comprises a condenser having a condenser housing; a compressor motor which is attached to the condenser housing and has a rotor (307) and a stator (308), wherein the rotor has a motor shaft (306) to which is attached a radial impeller (304) that extends into an evaporator zone; a guide space (302) which is designed to receive vapor compressed by the radial impeller and guide this into the condenser; a motor housing (300) that surrounds the compressor motor; and a vapor supply (320) for supplying vapor in the motor housing to a motor gap (311) between the stator and the rotor, wherein the motor is designed such that another gap (313) extends from the motor gap along the radial impeller to the guide space.

Description

Heat pump with convective wave cooling

description

The present invention relates to heat pumps for heating, cooling or for any other application of a heat pump.

Figures 8A and 8B illustrate a heat pump as described in European patent EP 2016349 B1. The heat pump initially comprises an evaporator 10 for evaporating water as the working fluid in order to produce a steam in a working steam line 12 on the output side. The evaporator comprises an evaporation space (not shown in FIG. 8A) and is designed to generate an evaporation pressure of less than 20 hPa in the evaporation space, so that the water evaporates at temperatures below 15 ° C. in the evaporation space. The water is eg groundwater, in the ground free or in collector pipes circulating brine, so water with a certain salinity, river water, seawater or seawater. It can be used all types of water, ie calcareous water, lime-free water, saline water or salt-free water. This is because all types of water, that is all these "hydrogens", have the favorable water property, namely that water, also known as "R 718", is an enthalpy difference ratio useful for the heat pump process of 6, which is more than 2 times the typical usable enthalpy difference ratio of eg R134a. The water vapor is supplied through the suction line 12 to a compressor / condenser system 14, which has a turbomachine, such as a centrifugal compressor, for example in the form of a turbocompressor, which is designated 16 in FIG. 8A. The turbomachine is designed to compress the working steam to a vapor pressure at least greater than 25 hPa. 25 hPa corresponds to a condensing temperature of about 22 ° C, which can already be a sufficient heating flow temperature of a floor heating system, at least on relatively warm days. In order to generate higher flow temperatures, pressures greater than 30 hPa can be generated with the turbomachine 16, wherein a pressure of 30 hPa has a liquefaction temperature of 24 ° C, a pressure of 60 hPa has a liquefaction temperature of 36 ° C, and a pressure of 100 hPa corresponds to a liquefaction temperature of 45 ° C. Floor- Heaters are designed to heat adequately with a flow temperature of 45 ° C, even on very cold days.

The turbomachine is coupled to a condenser 18, which is designed to liquefy the compressed working steam. By liquefying the energy contained in the working steam is supplied to the condenser 18, to then be supplied via the flow 20a a heating system. The working fluid flows back into the condenser via the return line 20b. According to the invention, it is preferable to extract from the high-energy steam directly through the colder heating water the heat (energy) which is taken up by the heating water so that it heats up. The steam is so much energy withdrawn that this is liquefied and also participates in the heating circuit. Thus, a material entry into the condenser or the heating system takes place, which is regulated by a drain 22, such that the condenser has a water level in its condenser, which remains despite the constant supply of water vapor and thus condensate always below a maximum level. As has already been stated, it is preferred to take an open circuit, ie to evaporate the water, which is the heat source, directly without a heat exchanger. Alternatively, however, the water to be evaporated could first be heated by a heat exchanger from an external heat source. In addition, in order to avoid losses for the second heat exchanger, which has hitherto necessarily been present on the condenser side, the medium is also used directly there, when thinking of a house with underfloor heating, the water that is of the Evaporator comes to circulate directly in the underfloor heating.

Alternatively, however, a heat exchanger can also be arranged on the condenser side, which is fed with the feed line 20a and which has the return line 20b, this heat exchanger cooling the water in the condenser and thus a separate underfloor heating liquid, which will typically be water, heating up.

Due to the fact that water is used as the working medium, and due to the fact that only the evaporated portion of the groundwater is fed into the turbomachine, the purity of the water does not matter. The streams ming machine, as well as the condenser and possibly directly coupled floor heating always supplied with distilled water, so that the system has a reduced maintenance compared to today's systems. In other words, the system is self-cleaning, since the system is always fed only distilled water and the water in the drain 22 is thus not polluted.

In addition, it should be noted that turbomachines have the properties that they - similar to an aircraft turbine - the compressed medium not with problematic substances, such as oil, in connection. Instead, the water vapor is compressed only by the turbine or the turbocompressor, but not associated with oil or other purity impairing medium and thus contaminated.

The distilled water discharged through the drain can thus - if no other regulations stand in the way - be readily returned to the groundwater. Alternatively, however, it may also be e.g. be infiltrated in the garden or in an open area, or it may be fed via the canal, if required by regulations - to a sewage treatment plant. The combination of water as a working fluid with the two-fold better usable enthalpy difference ratio compared to R134a and because of the reduced requirements for the closed system, and due to the use of the turbomachine by the efficient and without purity impairments required compaction factors, an efficient and environmentally friendly heat pump process is created.

FIG. 8B shows a table for illustrating various pressures and the evaporation temperatures associated with these pressures, with the result that, in particular for water as the working medium, rather low pressures are to be selected in the evaporator.

DE 4431887 A1 discloses a heat pump system with a lightweight, large volume high performance centrifugal compressor. A vapor exiting a second stage compressor has a saturation temperature which exceeds the ambient temperature or that of available cooling water, thereby allowing for heat removal. The compressed vapor is transferred from the second stage compressor to the condenser unit, which consists of a packed bed which is internally half of a cooling water spraying device on a top, which is supplied by a water circulation pump, is provided. The compressed water vapor rises in the condenser through the packed bed where it passes in direct countercurrent contact with the downwardly flowing cooling water. The vapor condenses and the latent heat of condensation absorbed by the cooling water is expelled to the atmosphere via the condensate and the cooling water, which are removed together from the system. The condenser is continuously purged with non-condensable gases by means of a vacuum pump via a pipeline. WO 2014072239 A1 discloses a condenser with a condensation zone for condensing vapor to be condensed in a working fluid. The condensation zone is formed as a volume zone and has a lateral boundary between the upper end of the condensation zone and the lower end. Furthermore, the condenser comprises a steam introduction zone which extends along the lateral end of the condensation zone and is designed to supply condensing steam laterally across the lateral boundary into the condensation zone. Thus, without increasing the volume of the condenser, the actual condensation is made into a volume condensation, because the vapor to be liquefied is introduced not only head-on from one side into a condensation volume or into the condensation zone, but laterally and preferably from all sides , This not only ensures that the condensation volume provided is increased at the same external dimensions compared to a direct countercurrent condensation, but that at the same time the efficiency of the capacitor is improved because the vapor to be liquefied in the condensation zone, a current direction transverse to the flow direction - tion of the condensation liquid has.

Generally problematic with heat pumps is the fact that moving parts and in particular fast moving parts are to be cooled. Here, in particular, the compressor motor and especially the motor shaft are problematic. Especially for heat pumps which use radial impellers as compressors, which are operated very fast to achieve a small design, for example in regions greater than 50,000 revolutions per minute, wave temperatures can reach values that are problematic as they lead to the destruction of the components can. The object of the present invention is to provide a safe concept for a heat pump. This object is achieved by a heat pump according to claim 1 or a method for manufacturing a heat pump according to claim 22, or a method for operating a heat pump according to claim 23.

The heat pump according to one aspect of the present invention includes a special convective wave cooling. This heat pump has a condenser with a condenser housing, a compressor motor mounted on the condenser housing and having a rotor and a stator, the rotor having a motor shaft to which is attached a radial wheel extending into an evaporator zone and a throat space configured to receive vapor compressed by the radial wheel and to conduct it into the condenser. Moreover, this heat pump has a motor housing which surrounds the compressor motor and is preferably designed to maintain a pressure at least equal to the pressure in the condenser. But already enough pressure, which is greater than the pressure behind the radial wheel. In certain embodiments, this pressure will be set to a pressure midway between the condenser pressure and the evaporator pressure. In addition, a steam supply is provided in the motor housing to supply steam in the motor housing to a motor gap between the stator and the motor shaft. Further, the motor is designed so that a further gap extends from the motor pad between the stator and the motor shaft along the radial wheel to the Leitraum.

Thereby is achieved according to the invention that in the motor housing, a relatively high pressure, which is higher than the average pressure from the condenser and the evaporator and preferably equal to or higher than the Kondensiererdruck prevails, while in the further gap extending along the radial wheel extends the Leitraum, a lower pressure is. This pressure, which is equal to the average pressure from the condenser and the evaporator, exists due to the fact that the radial wheel, when compressing the vapor from the evaporator, has a high pressure area in front of the radial wheel and a low pressure or vacuum area generated behind the radial wheel. In particular, the high pressure area in front of the radial wheel is still less than the high pressure in the condenser and the small pressure "behind" the radial wheel is still smaller than the high pressure at the radial wheel exit condenser pressure. This pressure drop, which is "coupled" to the motor gap, causes working vapor to be drawn from the motor housing via the steam supply along the motor gap and the other gap into the condenser, which is at the temperature level of the condenser working fluid or above. However, this is of particular advantage because it avoids all condensation problems within the engine and, in particular, within the motor shaft which would corrode, etc.

Thus, in this aspect of the present invention, not the coldest working fluid, namely, that is present in the evaporator, is used for convective wave cooling. It also does not use the cold steam in the evaporator. Instead, for convective wave cooling, the steam is applied to the condenser or condenser temperature that exists in the heat pump. Thus, sufficient wave cooling is still achieved because of the convective nature, i. that the motor shaft is surrounded by a significant and in particular adjustable amount of steam due to the steam supply, the motor gap and the further gap. At the same time, due to the fact that this steam is relatively warm compared to the vapor in the evaporator, it is ensured that no condensation takes place along the motor shaft in the motor gap or the other gap. Instead, a tempera- ture is always created here that is higher than the coldest temperature. Condensation always occurs at the coldest temperature in a volume and thus not within the motor gap and the other gap, since they are so washed by the warm steam.

Thus, the present invention leads to a sufficient convective wave cooling. This prevents excessive temperatures in the motor shaft and associated wear and tear. In addition, it is effectively avoided that condensation in the engine, e.g. at standstill of the heat pump, occurs. This also effectively eliminates any operational safety issues and corrosion problems that would be associated with such condensation. The present invention, according to the aspect of convective wave cooling, leads to a significantly reliable heat pump.

In another aspect of the present invention, which relates to a heat pump with engine cooling, the heat pump includes a condenser having a condenser housing, a compressor motor attached to the condenser housing and having a rotor and a stator. The rotor comprises a motor shaft on which a compressor wheel is mounted for compressing working medium vapor. Furthermore, the compressor motor has a motor wall. The heat pump includes a motor housing surrounding the compressor motor and preferably configured to maintain a pressure at least equal to the pressure in the condenser and having a working fluid inlet to direct liquid working fluid from the condenser to the engine cooling system for engine cooling , However, the pressure in the motor housing can also be lower here, since the heat dissipation takes place from the motor housing by boiling or evaporation. The heat energy at the motor wall is thus removed from the motor wall mainly by the steam, whereby this heated steam is then removed, for example into the condenser. Alternatively, the steam from the engine cooling but also in the evaporator or be brought to the outside. However, preference is given to the line of heated steam in the condenser. In contrast to a water cooling, in which a motor is cooled by passing water, the cooling takes place in this aspect of the invention by evaporation, so that the wegabransportierende heat energy is brought away by the steam provided. One advantage is that less liquid is needed for cooling and the steam can be easily routed away, e.g. B. automatically in the condenser, in which the steam then condenses again and thus gives off the heat output of the engine to the Kondensiererflüssigkeit. The motor housing is therefore designed to form a vapor space in the operation of the heat pump, in which there is the working medium due to the bubbling or evaporation. The motor housing is further configured to dissipate the steam from the steam in the motor housing by a vapor evacuation. This discharge preferably takes place in the condenser, so that the steam discharge is achieved by a gas-permeable connection between the condenser and the motor housing.

The motor housing is preferably further configured to maintain a maximum level of liquid working fluid in the motor housing during operation of the heat pump, and further to form a vapor space above the maximum of the level. The motor housing is further configured to direct working fluid above the maximum level into the condenser. This design makes it possible to keep the cooling by steam generation very robust, since the level of working fluid always ensures that there is enough working fluid for bubble boiling on the engine wall. Alternatively, instead of the level of working fluid, which is always held, also working fluid can be sprayed onto the engine wall. The sprayed liquid is then dosed, that it vaporizes on contact with the engine wall and thereby achieves the cooling capacity for the engine.

The engine is thus effectively cooled on its engine wall with liquid working fluid. However, this liquid working fluid is not the cold working fluid from the evaporator, but the warm working fluid from the condenser. The use of the warm working fluid from the condenser still provides sufficient engine cooling. At the same time, however, it is ensured that the motor is not cooled too much and, in particular, is not cooled down so that it is the coldest part in the condenser or on the condenser housing. This would mean that e.g. At standstill of the engine but also during operation a condensation of working medium vapor would take place outside of the motor housing, which would lead to corrosion and other problems. Instead, it is ensured that the engine is well cooled, but at the same time always the warmest part of the heat pump, to the extent that condensation, which always takes place at the coldest "end", just does not take place on the compressor motor.

Preferably, the fluid working fluid in the motor housing is maintained at almost the same pressure as the condenser. As a result, the working fluid that cools the engine is close to its boiling limit, since this working fluid is condensing fluid and is at a similar temperature as in the condenser. If now the engine wall is heated due to friction due to engine operation, the thermal energy passes into the liquid working fluid. Due to the fact that the liquid working fluid is near the boiling point, now in the motor housing in the liquid working fluid, which fills the motor housing to the maximum level, a bubble boiling starts.

This bubbling allows extremely efficient cooling due to the very strong mixing of the volume of liquid working fluid in the motor housing. This cooling assisted by boiling can also be significantly assisted by a preferably provided convection element, so that at the end of a very efficient engine cooling with a relatively small volume or no standing volume of liquid working fluid, which also does not need to be controlled further, because it is self-controlling , is achieved. Efficient engine cooling is thus achieved with a low technical outlay, which in turn significantly contributes to operational reliability of the heat pump. - -

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 shows a schematic view of a heat pump with an entangled evaporator / condenser arrangement;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a heat pump with convective wave cooling according to one aspect;

3 shows a schematic representation of a heat pump with convective wave cooling on the one hand and engine cooling according to a further aspect on the other hand;

4 is a sectional view of a heat pump according to an embodiment with convective wave cooling on the one hand and engine cooling on the other hand with special consideration of the convective wave cooling;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a heat pump with an evaporator bottom and a condenser bottom according to the Ausführungsbeispiei of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a condenser as shown in WO 2014072239 A1;

7 shows an illustration of the liquid distributor plate on the one hand and the steam inlet zone with steam inlet gap on the other hand from WO 2014072239 A1;

Fig. 8a is a schematic representation of a known heat pump for evaporating water; Fig. 8b is a table illustrating pressures and vaporization temperatures of water as the working liquid;

9 shows a schematic representation of a heat pump with engine cooling according to the second aspect; - -

10 shows a heat pump according to an exemplary embodiment with a convective wave cooling according to the first aspect and an engine cooling according to the second aspect, with special emphasis placed on the engine cooling; and FIG. 1 1 shows a cross section through a motor shaft with a bearing section according to embodiments of the present invention.

1 shows a heat pump 100 with an evaporator for evaporating working fluid in an evaporator chamber 102. The heat pump further comprises a condenser for liquefying evaporated working fluid in a condenser space 104, which is delimited by a condenser bottom 106. As shown in FIG. 1, which may be viewed as a sectional view or as a side view, the evaporator space 102 is at least partially surrounded by the condenser space 104. Furthermore, the evaporator chamber 102 is separated from the condenser space 104 by the condenser bottom 106. In addition, the condenser bottom is connected to an evaporator bottom 108 to define the evaporator space 102. In one implementation, a compressor 1 10 is provided above the evaporator chamber 102 or elsewhere, which is not detailed in Fig. 1, but which is in principle designed to compress vaporized working fluid and as compressed steam 1 12 in the condenser space 104 to conduct. The condenser space is also limited to the outside by a capacitor wall 1 14. The capacitor wall 1 14 is also attached to the evaporator bottom 108 as the capacitor bottom 106. In particular, the dimensioning of the capacitor base 106 in the area forming the interface to the evaporator base 108 is such that the capacitor base in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is completely surrounded by the capacitor space wall 14. This means that the condenser space, as shown in FIG. 1, extends to the bottom of the evaporator, and that the evaporator space at the same time extends very far upwards, typically almost through almost the entire condenser space 104. This "entangled" or interlocking arrangement of condenser and evaporator, which is characterized in that the condenser bottom is connected to the evaporator bottom, provides a particularly high heat pump efficiency and therefore allows a particularly compact design of a heat pump. The order of magnitude of the dimensioning of the heat pump, for example, in a cylindrical shape so that the condenser wall 1 14 is a cylinder with a diameter between 30 and 90 cm and a height between 40 and 100 cm. The dimensioning can - - However, depending on the required performance class of the heat pump can be selected, but preferably takes place in the dimensions mentioned. Thus, a very compact design is achieved, which is also easy and inexpensive to produce, because the number of interfaces, especially for the almost vacuum evaporator space can be easily reduced if the evaporator bottom is carried out in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, that it includes all liquid inlets and outlets and thus no liquid supply and discharge lines from the side or from the top are needed. It should also be noted that the operating direction of the heat pump is as shown in FIG. This means that the evaporator bottom defines in operation the lower portion of the heat pump, but apart from connecting lines with other heat pumps or to corresponding pump units. This means that in operation, the steam generated in the evaporator chamber rises and is deflected by the motor and is fed from top to bottom in the condenser space, and that the condenser liquid is guided from bottom to top, and then fed from above into the condenser space and then flows in the condenser space from top to bottom, such as by individual droplets or by small liquid streams, to react with the preferably cross-fed compressed steam for purposes of condensation.

This intertwined arrangement, in that the evaporator is located almost completely or even completely within the condenser, allows for a very efficient heat pump design with optimum space utilization. After the condenser space extends to the evaporator bottom, the condenser space is formed within the entire "height" of the heat pump or at least within a substantial portion of the heat pump. At the same time, however, the evaporation space is as large as possible because it also extends almost almost over the entire height of the heat pump. By interlocking arrangement in contrast to an arrangement in which the evaporator is arranged below the condenser, the space is used optimally. This allows for a particularly efficient operation of the heat pump and on the other a particularly space-saving and compact design, because both the evaporator and the condenser extend over the entire height. Although this goes back the "thickness" of the evaporator chamber and the Verfiüssigerraums. However, it has been found that reducing the "thickness" of the evaporator space, which tapers within the condenser, - - Is problematic because the main evaporation takes place in the lower area, where the evaporator space fills almost the entire volume that is available. On the other hand, the reduction of the thickness of the condenser space, especially in the lower area, ie where the evaporator space fills almost the entire available area, uncritical, because the main condensation takes place above, ie where the evaporator chamber is already relatively thin and thus sufficient space for leaves the condenser space. The interlocking arrangement is thus optimal in that each functional space there is given the large volume, where this functional space also requires the large volume. The evaporator compartment has the large volume below while the condenser compartment has the large volume at the top. Nevertheless, the corresponding small volume, which remains for the respective functional space where the other functional space has the large volume, contributes to an increase in efficiency compared to a heat pump in which the two functional elements are arranged one above the other, as in WO 2014072239 A1 is the case.

In preferred embodiments, the compressor is arranged at the top of the condenser space such that the compressed steam is deflected by the compressor on the one hand and at the same time fed into an edge gap of the condenser space. Thus, a condensation is achieved with a particularly high efficiency, because a cross-flow direction of the steam is achieved to a downflowing condensation liquid. This cross-flow condensation is particularly effective in the upper area where the evaporator space is large, and does not require a particularly large area in the lower area where the condenser space is small in favor of the evaporator space, yet still allows condensation of vapor particles penetrated up to this area allow.

An evaporator bottom, which is connected to the condenser bottom, is preferably designed so that it receives the condenser inlet and outlet and the evaporator inlet and outlet in which, in addition to certain bushings for sensors in the evaporator or in the Capacitor can be present. This ensures that no feedthroughs of lines for the condenser inlet and outlet are required by the near-vacuum evaporator. This will make the entire heat pump less prone to failure because any passage through the evaporator would be a potential leak. For this purpose, the condenser bottom is provided with a respective recess at the locations where the condenser inlets and outlets are located. - - hen, going to the fact that in the evaporator space, which is defined by the condenser bottom, no capacitor feeds / discharges run.

The condenser space is limited by a condenser wall, which is also attachable to the evaporator bottom. The evaporator bottom thus has an interface for both the condenser wall and the condenser bottom and additionally has all liquid feeds for both the evaporator and the condenser.

In certain embodiments, the evaporator bottom is formed to have connection nozzles for the individual feeders, which have a cross section that differs from a cross section of the opening on the other side of the evaporator bottom. The shape of the individual connecting pieces is then designed so that the shape or cross-sectional shape changes over the length of the connecting piece, but the pipe diameter, which plays a role for the flow velocity, is almost the same in a tolerance of ± 10%. This prevents water flowing through the connection pipe from cavitating. This ensures due to the good obtained by the formation of the connecting pieces flow conditions that the corresponding pipes / lines can be made as short as possible, which in turn contributes to a compact design of the entire heat pump.

In a specific implementation of the evaporator bottom of the condenser feed is almost divided in the form of a "glasses" in a two- or multi-part flow. Thus, it is possible to simultaneously feed the capacitor liquid in the condenser at its upper portion at two or more points. This achieves a strong and at the same time particularly uniform condenser flow from top to bottom, which makes it possible to achieve a highly efficient condensation of the steam also introduced from above into the condenser.

A further smaller dimensioned feed in the evaporator bottom for condenser water can also be provided in order to connect a hose which supplies cooling fluid to the compressor motor of the heat pump, wherein the cold, the liquid supplied to the evaporator is used for cooling, but the warmer, the Condenser supplied liquid, which is still cool enough in typical operating situations to cool the heat pump's motor. - -

The evaporator bottom is characterized by the fact that it has a combination functionality. On the one hand, it ensures that no capacitor feed lines have to be passed through the evaporator, which is under very low pressure. On the other hand, it represents an interface to the outside, which preferably has a circular shape, as in a circular shape as much evaporator surface remains. All inlets and outlets pass through one evaporator base and from there into either the evaporator space or the condenser space. In particular, a production of the evaporator bottom of plastic injection molding is particularly advantageous because the advantageous relatively complicated shapes of the inlet / outlet nozzles in plastic injection molding can be performed easily and inexpensively. On the other hand, it is due to the execution of the evaporator bottom as easily accessible workpiece readily possible to produce the evaporator bottom with sufficient structural stability, so that he can withstand the low evaporator pressure in particular without further ado. In the present application, like reference numerals refer to like or equivalent elements, and not all reference numerals are repeated in all drawings as they repeat themselves.

Fig. 2 shows a heat pump according to an embodiment in connection with the first aspect, the convective wave cooling. Thus, the heat pump of FIG. 2 includes a condenser having a condenser housing 14 that includes a condenser space 104. Furthermore, the compressor motor is mounted, which is schematically represented by the stator 308 in FIG. 4. This compressor motor is mounted on the condenser housing 1 14 in a manner not shown in FIG. 2 and includes the stator and a rotor 307, the rotor 307 having a motor shaft 306 to which a radial impeller 304 is mounted extending into an evaporator zone extends, which is not shown in Fig. 2. Furthermore, the heat pump comprises a guide space 302, which is designed to receive vapor condensed by the radial wheel and to guide it into the condenser, as shown diagrammatically in FIG.

Further, the engine includes a motor housing 300 surrounding the compressor motor and preferably configured to maintain a pressure at least equal to the pressure in the condenser. Alternatively, the motor housing is configured to maintain a pressure higher than a mean pressure from the evaporator and the condenser, or higher than the pressure in the other gap 313 between the radial wheel and the guide space (302), or greater than or equal to the pressure in the condenser. The - -

Motor housing is thus designed so that a pressure drop from the motor housing along the Motorwe! Le takes place in the direction of the Leitraums, is drawn through the working steam through the motor gap and the other gap on the motor shaft to cool the shaft.

This area in the motor housing with the necessary pressure is shown at 312 in FIG. In addition, a steam supply 310 is formed to supply steam in the motor housing 300 to a motor gap 31 1 provided between the stator 308 and the shaft 306. Furthermore, the motor comprises a further gap 313, which extends from the motor gap 31 1 along the radial wheel to the guide space 302.

In the arrangement according to the invention, there is a relatively large pressure p ₃ in the condenser. In contrast, there is an average pressure p ₂ in the route or conduction space 302. The lowest pressure prevails, apart from the evaporator, downstream of the radial impeller, namely where the radial impeller is fixed to the motor shaft, that in said further gap 313. In the motor housing 300, a pressure p _4, which is either equal to the pressure p ₃ exists or greater than the pressure p ₃ . As a result, there is a pressure gradient from the motor housing to the end of the further gap. This pressure gradient causes a steam flow through the steam supply into the engine gap and the further gap up to the route 302 takes place. This vapor flow takes working steam from the motor housing past the motor shaft into the condenser. This steam flow ensures the convective wave cooling of the motor shaft through the motor gap 31 1 and the further gap 313, which adjoins the motor gap 31 1. The radial wheel so sucks steam down, past the shaft of the engine. This steam is drawn into the engine nip via the steam supply, which is typically implemented as a special bore design.

FIG. 3 shows a further schematic embodiment of the convective wave cooling according to the first aspect of the present invention, which is preferably combined there with the motor cooling according to the second aspect of the present invention.

However, it should be noted at this point that the two aspects of convective wave cooling on the one hand and engine cooling on the other hand are also used separately from each other. For example, engine cooling without a special separate convective shaft cooling system already leads to significantly increased operational safety. In addition, convective motor shaft cooling also results without the additional engine cooling - - Increased reliability of the heat pump. However, the two aspects can, as it is shown in Fig. 3, are particularly low interconnected to implement with a particularly advantageous construction of the motor housing and the compressor motor, both the convective shaft cooling and the engine cooling, which additionally in yet another preferred embodiment can be complemented in each case or together by a special ball bearing cooling.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment with combined use of convective wave cooling and engine cooling, wherein in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the evaporator zone is shown at 102. The evaporator zone is separated from the condenser zone, ie from the condenser region 104 by the condenser base 106. Working vapor, shown schematically at 314, is drawn in through the rotating schematically and sectioned radial impeller 304 and "pressed" into the route 302. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the route 302 is formed such that The first "stage" of vapor compression already takes place by the rotation of the radial wheel and the "suction" of the vapor by the radial wheel, but then when the radial impinges the steam in fed the entrance of the route, so where the radial wheel considered "stops" up, the already precompressed steam to a certain extent on a vapor congestion, which is due to the rejuvenation of the route and also due to the curvature of the route exists. This leads to a further vapor compression, so that finally the compressed and thus heated steam 1 12 flows into the condenser.

FIG. 3 further shows the steam supply openings 320, which are embodied in a schematically illustrated motor wall 309 in FIG. 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, this motor wall 309 has bores for the steam supply openings 320 in the upper region, but these bores can be made at any point where steam can penetrate into the motor gap 31 1 and thus into the further motor gap 313 , The resulting vapor flow 310 results in the desired effect of convective wave cooling.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 further comprises, for implementing the engine cooling, a working medium inlet 330 which is designed to lead liquid working medium from the condenser to the engine cooling system for engine cooling. Furthermore, the mo- - - Torgehäuse designed to hold in the operation of the heat pump a maximum liquid level 322 of liquid working fluid. In addition, the motor housing 300 is also configured to form a vapor space 323 above the maximum level. Further, the motor housing has provisions to direct liquid working fluid above the maximum level into the condenser 104. This embodiment is in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 by a z. Formed flat channel-shaped overflow 324, which forms the vapor discharge and is located somewhere in the upper Kondensierwand and has a length that defines the maximum level 322. If too much working fluid is introduced into the motor housing, that is to say the fluid area 328, by the condensing liquid feed 330, the liquid working fluid passes through the overflow 324 into the condenser volume. In addition, the overflow also in the passive arrangement shown in FIG. 3, which, for example, may alternatively be a tube with a corresponding length, balances the pressure between the motor housing and in particular the steam chamber 323 of the motor housing and the condenser interior 104 ago. Thus, the pressure in the steam chamber 323 of the motor housing is always almost equal to or at most due to a pressure loss along the overflow slightly higher than the pressure in the condenser. Thus, the boiling point of liquid 328 in the motor housing will be similar to the boiling point in the condenser housing. As a result, heating of the motor wall 309 due to power loss generated in the motor causes bubble nucleate to take place in the fluid volume 328, which will be explained later.

Fig. 3 also shows various seals in schematic form at reference numeral 326 and at similar locations between the motor housing and the condenser housing on the one hand or between the motor wall 309 and the condenser housing 1 14 on the other. These seals are intended to symbolize that here a fluid and pressure-tight connection should be.

The motor housing defines a separate space, which, however, represents a nearly equal pressure area like the condenser. This supports due to a heating of the engine and the energy emitted therefrom on the motor wall 309 a bubble boiling in the liquid volume 328, which in turn has a particularly efficient distribution of the working fluid in the volume 328 and thus a particularly good cooling with a small volume of cooling liquid result. Furthermore, it is ensured that the working medium is cooled, which is at the most favorable temperature, namely the warmest temperature in the heat pump. This will ensure that all - - densationsprob! eme, which always occur on cold surfaces, both for the motor wall and for the motor shaft and the areas in the motor gap 31 1 and the other gap 313 are excluded. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the working medium steam 310 used for the convective wave cooling is steam that is otherwise in the vapor space 323 of the motor housing. Like the liquid 328, this vapor also has the optimum (warm) temperature. Further, it is ensured by the overflow 324 that the pressure in the region 323 can not rise above the condenser pressure due to the bubble boiling caused by the engine cooling or engine wall 309. Furthermore, the heat dissipation due to the engine cooling is dissipated by the steam discharge. Thus the convective wave cooling will always work the same. If the pressure were to increase too much, too much working medium vapor could be forced through the motor gap 31 1 and the further gap 313.

The holes 320 for the steam supply will typically be formed in an array, which may be arranged regularly or irregularly. The individual holes are not larger than 5 mm in diameter and may be about a minimum size of 1 mm.

FIG. 6 shows a condenser wherein the condenser in FIG. 6 has a steam introduction zone 102 which extends completely around the condensation zone 100. In particular, FIG. 6 shows a part of a condenser which has a condenser bottom 200. On the condenser bottom, a condenser housing portion 202 is arranged, which is drawn transparent due to the representation in Fig. 6, but which does not necessarily have to be transparent in nature, but may be formed, for example, plastic, die-cast aluminum or something similar. The side housing part 202 rests on a sealing rubber 201 in order to achieve a good seal with the bottom 200. Furthermore, the condenser comprises a liquid outlet 203 and a liquid inlet 204 as well as a centrally arranged in the condenser steam supply 205, which tapers from bottom to top in Fig. 6. It should be noted that FIG. 6 represents the actually desired erection direction of a heat pump and a condenser of this heat pump, wherein in this installation direction in FIG. 6 the evaporator of a heat pump is arranged below the condenser. The condensation zone 100 is bounded outwardly by a basket-like boundary object 207, which is drawn as well as the outer housing part 202 transparent and is normally formed like a basket. - -

Furthermore, a grid 209 is arranged, which is designed to carry fillers, which are not shown in Fig. 6, to wear. As can be seen from Fig. 6, the basket 207 extends only down to a certain point. The basket 207 is provided with vapor permeability to hold packing, such as so-called Pall rings. These fillers are introduced into the condensation zone, but only within the basket 207, but not in the steam introduction zone 102. However, the fillers are filled so high outside the basket 207 that the height of the packing either up to the lower limit of the basket 207 or slightly beyond. The liquefier of FIG. 6 comprises a working fluid feeder formed by a liquid transport region 210 and a liquid distribution element 212, in particular through the working fluid supply 204, which, as shown in FIG. 6, is wound around the vapor supply in the form of an ascending coil is, which is preferably formed as a perforated plate. In particular, the working fluid feeder is thus designed to supply the working fluid into the condensation zone.

Moreover, there is also provided a steam feeder which, as shown in Fig. 6, is preferably composed of the funnel-shaped tapered feeder section 205 and the upper steam guide section 213. In the steam line region 213, preferably a wheel of a radial compressor is used and the radial compression causes the feed 205 to suck vapor from the bottom upwards and then due to the radial compression by the radial wheel to some extent be deflected 90 degrees outwards, ie from a flow from bottom to top to a flow from the center outwards in FIG. 6 with respect to the element 213.

In Fig. 6, not shown, another deflector, which redirects the already deflected outward steam once again by 90 degrees, to then guide him from above into the gap 215, which is to some extent the beginning of the steam introduction zone, which laterally to the Condensation zone extends around. The steam feeder is therefore preferably annular and provided with an annular gap for supplying the vapor to be condensed, wherein the working fluid supply is formed within the annular gap. For the sake of illustration, reference is made to FIG. 7. Fig. 7 shows a bottom view of the "ceiling area" of the condenser of Fig. 6. In particular, the perforated plate 212 of Figs - - Shown below schematically, which acts as a liquid distribution element. The steam inlet gap 215 is shown schematically, and it follows from Fig. 7, that the steam inlet gap is formed only annular, such that in the condensation zone directly from above or directly from below no steam to be condensed is fed, but only laterally. Through the holes of the distributor plate 212 thus only liquid flows, but no steam. The vapor is first "sucked" laterally into the condensation zone due to the liquid which has passed through the perforated plate 212. The liquid distribution plate may be made of metal, plastic or a similar material and can be embodied with different hole patterns. As shown in Fig. 6, it is preferable to provide a lateral boundary for liquid flowing out of the element 210, this lateral boundary being designated 217. This ensures that liquid emerging from the element 210 due to the curved feed 204 is already with spills out a swirl and distributed from the inside to the outside on the liquid distributor, does not splash over the edge in the steam introduction zone, unless the liquid has been previously dropped through the holes of the liquid distribution plate and condensed with steam.

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a complete heat pump, which comprises both the evaporator bottom 108 and the condenser bottom 106. As shown in Fig. 5 or in Fig. 1, the condenser bottom 106 has a tapered cross section from an inlet for the working fluid to be evaporated to a suction port 1 15, which is coupled to the compressor or engine 1 10, where Thus, the preferably used radial wheel of the engine sucks the steam generated in the evaporator chamber 102.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the entire heat pump. In particular, a droplet separator 404 is arranged within the condenser bottom. This mist eliminator includes individual vanes 405. These vanes are placed in corresponding grooves 406 shown in FIG. 5 for the demister to remain in place. These grooves are arranged in the condenser bottom in a region directed towards the evaporator bottom in the inside of the evaporator bottom. In addition, the condenser bottom further has various guiding features, which may be formed as rods or tongues to hold hoses, which are provided for a condenser water, for example, which are thus plugged onto corresponding sections and couple the feed points of the condenser water supply. This condenser water feed 402 may vary depending on the implementation - - be formed as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 at reference numerals 102, 207 to 250 is shown. Furthermore, the condenser preferably has a condenser liquid distribution arrangement which has two or more feed points. A first feed point is therefore connected to a first portion of a capacitor feed. A second feed point is connected to a second portion of the condenser inlet. Should there be more feed points for the condenser liquid distribution device, the condenser feed will be divided into further sections.

Thus, the upper portion of the heat pump of FIG. 5 may be the same as the upper portion of FIG. 6, in that the condenser water supply is via the perforated plate of FIGS. 6 and 7, so that downwardly flowing condenser water 408 in which the working steam 1 12 is preferably introduced laterally, so that the cross-flow condensation, which allows a particularly high efficiency, can be obtained. As also shown in FIG. 6, the condensation zone may be provided with a merely optional filling, in which the edge 207, which is also designated 409, remains free of packing or the like, in that the working vapor 1 12 not only above, but also below can still penetrate laterally into the condensation zone. The imaginary boundary line 410 is intended to illustrate that in FIG. 5. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, however, the entire region of the capacitor is formed with its own capacitor bottom 200, which is arranged above an evaporator bottom.

FIG. 4 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of a heat pump and in particular of a heat pump section, which shows the "upper" region of the heat pump, as shown in FIG. 5, for example. In particular, the motor M 1 10 of FIG. 5 corresponds to the area surrounded by a motor wall 309, which in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 4 in the fluid area 328 is preferably formed externally with cooling fins to increase the surface area of the motor wall 309. Further, the area of the motor housing 300 in Fig. 4 corresponds to the corresponding area 300 in Fig. 5. In Fig. 4, the radial wheel 304 is also shown in a more detailed cross-section. The radial gear 304 is attached to the motor shaft 306 in a cross-sectional bifurcated mounting region. The motor shaft 306 has a rotor 307 facing the stator 308. The rotor 307 includes permanent magnets shown schematically in FIG. 4. In particular, the steam path 310 is set forth by the engine gap 31 1. The motor gap 31 1 extends between the rotor and the stator and terminates in the - - Another gap 313, which extends along the cross-sectional bifurcated mounting portion of the shaft 306 to the Leitraum 302, as shown at 346 also.

In addition, an emergency bearing 344 is shown in Fig. 4, which does not support the shaft during normal operation. Instead, the shaft is supported by the bearing section shown at 343. The emergency bearing 344 is only present to store in the event of damage to the shaft and thus the radial wheel so that the rapidly rotating radial wheel in the event of damage can do no major damage in the heat pump. 4 also shows various fastening elements, such as screws, nuts, etc., and various seals in the form of various O-rings. In addition, FIG. 4 shows an additional convection element 342, which will be discussed later with reference to FIG. 10.

FIG. 4 also shows a spray guard 360 in the steam chamber above the maximum volume in the engine housing, which is normally filled with liquid working fluid. This splash guard is designed to intercept spewed liquid drops in the bubble boiling in the vapor space. Preferably, the vapor path 310, as indicated schematically in FIG. 4, is configured to benefit from the splash guard 360, i. that due to the flow in the engine gap and the other gap only working agent vapor, but not liquid drops are sucked in due to the settlement in the motor housing.

The convective-wave cooling heat pump preferably has a steam supply formed so that a flow of steam through the motor gap and the wider gap does not pass through a bearing portion formed to support the motor shaft with respect to the stator. This is indicated in Fig. 4. The bearing portion 343, which in the present case comprises two ball bearings is sealed from the motor gap, namely z. Thus, the working steam can only enter through the steam feed into an area within the motor wall 309, as shown by the path 310 in FIG. 4, and run down therefrom in a free space and pass along the rotor 307 through the motor gap 31 1 in the other gap 313. The advantage of this is that the ball bearings are not flowed around by steam, so that a bearing lubrication remains in the closed ball bearings and is not pulled through the motor gap. Furthermore, it is also ensured that the ball bearing is not moistened, but always remains in the defined state during installation. - -

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the engine housing is mounted in the operating position of the heat pump on top of the condenser housing 14 such that the stator is above the radial wheel and the vapor flow 310 through the engine gap and the other gap runs from top to bottom.

Further, the heat pump includes the bearing portion 343, which is configured to support the motor shaft with respect to the stator. Further, the bearing portion is arranged so that between the bearing portion and the radial wheel 304, the rotor 307 and the stator

308 are arranged. This has the advantage that the bearing section 343 can be arranged in the steam region within the motor housing and the rotor / stator can be arranged below the maximum liquid level 322 (FIG. 3) where the greatest power loss arises. Thus, an optimum arrangement is provided by which each area in the medium best for the area is to achieve the purposes of engine cooling on the one hand and convective wave cooling on the other and optionally ball bearing cooling, to which reference is made Fig. 10 is received.

The engine housing further includes the working fluid inlet 330 to direct liquid working fluid from the condenser to the engine cooling to a wall of the compressor motor. FIG. 10 shows a specific implementation of this working fluid inlet 362, which corresponds to the inlet 330 of FIG. 3. This working fluid inlet 362 extends into a closed volume 364, which is a ball bearing cooling. From the ball bearing cooling emerges a derivative, which includes a tube 366, which does not lead the working fluid on top of the volume of the working fluid 328, as shown in Fig. 3, but that the working means down to the wall of the motor, so that Element 309 leads. Specifically, the tube 366 is configured to be disposed within the convection element 342 disposed around the motor wall 309 at a certain distance such that within the convection element 342 and outside of the convection element 342 within the motor housing 300, a volume liquid working fluid exists.

Due to a bubbling due to the working fluid, which is in contact with the engine wall

In particular, in the lower region, where the fresh working fluid inlet 366 ends, a convection zone 367 arises within the volume of working fluid 328. In particular, the boiling bubbles are torn from bottom to top by the nucleate boiling. This leads to a continuous "stirring", meaning that hot working fluids _. from bottom to top. The energy due to nucleate boiling then passes into the vapor bubble, which then lands in the vapor volume 323 above the liquid volume 328. The resulting pressure is brought directly through the overflow 324, the overflow continuation 340 and the drain 342 in the condenser. This results in a constant heat removal from the engine to the condenser, which mainly takes place due to the discharge of steam and not due to the discharge of heated liquid.

This means that the heat, which is actually the waste heat of the engine, preferably passes through the steam discharge exactly where it should go, namely into the condenser water to be heated. Thus, the entire engine heat is kept in the system, which is particularly favorable for heating applications of the heat pump. But also for heat pump cooling applications, heat removal from the motor to the condenser is beneficial because the condenser typically provides efficient heat removal, e.g. is coupled in the form of a heat exchanger or a direct heat dissipation in the area to be heated. So there is no own engine waste heat device to be created, but the heat pump from the heat pump anyway existing heat dissipation from the condenser to the outside is to some extent "co-used" by the engine cooling.

The motor housing is further configured to maintain the maximum level of liquid working fluid in an operation of the heat pump and to create above the level of liquid working fluid the steam Räum 323. The steam supply is further configured to communicate with the vapor space so that the vapor in the vapor space is directed to the convective wave cooling through the motor gap and the other gap in FIG.

In the heat pump shown in Figs. 10 and 4, the drain is arranged as an overflow in the motor housing to conduct liquid above the level to the condenser and further to provide a vapor path between the vapor space and the condenser. Preferably, drain 324 is both overflow and steam. However, these functionalities may be implemented by alternative embodiments of the overflow on the one hand and a vapor space on the other hand also using different elements. - -

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the heat pump comprises a special ball-bearing cooling, which is formed, in particular, in that the sealed volume 364 with liquid working medium is formed around the bearing section 343. The inlet 362 enters this volume and the volume has a drain 366 from the ball bearing cooling into the working fluid volume for engine cooling. Thus, a separate ball bearing cooling is provided, but which runs around the outside of the ball bearing and not within the camp, so that although efficiently cooled by this ball bearing cooling, but not the lubricity of the bearing is affected. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the working fluid inlet 362 includes, in particular, the conduit portion 366 which extends almost to the bottom of the motor housing 300 and the bottom of the fluid working fluid 328 in the motor housing or at least to a portion below the maximum Level extends, in particular to lead liquid working fluid from the Kugeliagerkühlung out and supply the liquid Ar beitsmittel the engine wall.

FIGS. 10 and 4 further show the convection element spaced from the wall of the compressor motor 309 in the liquid working fluid, which in a lower region is more permeable to the liquid working fluid than in an upper region. In particular, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 10, the upper portion is not permeable and the lower portion is relatively highly permeable, and the convection element is designed in the form of a "crown" which is placed inversely in the volume of liquid However, alternative convection elements 342 may be used that are less permeable in any way at the top than at the bottom, for example, a convection element could be taken having holes at the bottom that are in Shape or number have a larger passage cross-section than holes in the upper region.Alternative elements for generating the convection flow 367, as shown in Fig. 10, are also usable.

For motor protection in case of a bearing problem, the emergency bearing 344 is provided, which is designed to secure the motor shaft 306 between the rotor 370 and the radial wheel 304. In particular, the further gap 313 extends through a bearing gap of the emergency bearing or, preferably, through bores deliberately introduced into the emergency bearing. In one implementation, the emergency warehouse is equipped with a large number of - see, so that the emergency camp itself is the lowest possible flow resistance for the steam flow 10 for purposes of convective wave cooling.

1 1 shows a schematic cross section through a motor shaft 306, as it can be used for preferred embodiments. The motor shaft 306 comprises a hatched core, as shown in Fig. 1 1, which is mounted in its upper portion, which represents the bearing portion 343, preferably two ball bearings 398 and 399. Further down the shaft 306, the rotor is formed with permanent magnets 307. These permanent magnets are mounted on the motor shaft 306 and are held up and down by stabilizing bandages 397, which are preferably made of carbon. Further, the permanent magnets are held by a stabilizing sleeve 396, which is also preferably formed as a carbon sleeve. This backup or stabilizing sleeve causes the permanent magnets to remain secure on the shaft 306 and not be able to disengage from the shaft due to the high centrifugal forces due to the high speed of the shaft.

Preferably, the shaft is formed of aluminum and has a cross-sectional fork-shaped mounting portion 395, which is a support for the radial wheel 304, when the radial wheel 304 and the motor shaft are not formed in one piece, but with two elements. If the radial gear 304 is integrally formed with the motor shaft 306, the wheel support portion 395 does not exist, but then the radial gear 304 directly adjoins the motor shaft. In the region of the wheel holder 395 is also, as can be seen from Fig. 10, the emergency bearing 344, which is preferably also made of metal and in particular aluminum.

Hereinafter, specific preferred embodiments of the second aspect relating to engine cooling will be described with reference to FIG. 10. In particular, the motor housing 300, which is also shown in Fig. 3, is designed to obtain a pressure which is at most 20% greater than the pressure in the condenser housing in an operation of the heat pump. Further, the motor housing 300 may be configured to obtain a pressure that is low enough that upon heating of the motor wall 309 by the operation of the motor, a bias boiling occurs in the liquid working fluid 328 and in the motor housing 300. Preferably, furthermore, the bearing section 343 is arranged above the maximum liquid level, so that even in the case of a leakage of the motor wall 309 no liquid - -

Work equipment can come into the storage section. In contrast, the region of the motor, which at least partially includes the rotor and the stator, below the maximum level, as typically the bearing area on the one hand, but also between the rotor and stator on the other hand, the largest power loss is obtained, which can be optimally transported away by the convective bubbling ,

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the overflow 324 is formed to have a first tube portion protruding into the motor housing, further having a second conduit portion 340 extending from a curve portion 317 to a drain 342 Further, which is disposed outside a region in which the guide space 302 introduces compressed working steam into the condenser through the compressor wheel 304.

Fig. 9 also shows a schematic diagram of the heat pump for engine cooling. In particular, the working fluid outlet 324 is designed as an alternative to FIG. 4 or FIG. The process does not necessarily have to be a passive process, but may also be an active process, e.g. is controlled by a pump or other element and depending on a level detection of the level 322 sucks some working fluid from the motor housing 300. Alternatively, instead of the tubular drain 324, a reclosable opening could be at the bottom of the motor housing 300 to drain a controlled amount of work fluid from the motor housing into the condenser by briefly opening the reclosable opening.

FIG. 9 further shows the area to be heated or a heat exchanger 391, from which a condenser inlet 204 runs into the condenser, and from which a condenser outlet 203 emerges. Further, a pump 392 is provided to drive the circuit of condenser inlet 204 and condenser outlet 203. This pump 392 preferably has a branch to the inlet 362, as shown schematically. This means that no separate pump is required, but the already existing pump for the condensate discharge also drives a small part of the condenser outlet into the feed line 362 and thus into the liquid volume 328.

In addition, FIG. 9 shows a general illustration of the condenser 1 14, the compressor motor with motor wall 309 and the motor housing 300, as has also been described with reference to FIG. 3.

Claims

claims

Heat pump with the following features: a condenser with a condenser housing (1 14); a compressor motor mounted on the condenser housing (1 14) and having a rotor (307) and a stator (308), the rotor having a motor shaft (306) to which is attached a radial wheel (304) located in an evaporator zone (102) extends; a baffle (302) configured to receive vapor compressed by the radial wheel (304) and to conduct it into the condenser (1 14); a motor housing (300) surrounding the compressor motor; and a steam supply (320) for supplying steam (310) in the motor housing (300) to a motor gap (31 1) between the stator and the rotor (307), the compressor motor being configured such that a further gap (313 ) extends from the motor gap (31 1) along the radial wheel (304) to the guide space (302) so that from the motor housing (300) via the steam supply (320) of the steam (310) along the motor gap (31 1) and the further gap (313) is drawn into the condenser.

Heat pump according to claim 1, wherein the steam supply (320) is formed so that a steam flow (10) through the motor gap (31 1) and the further gap (313) has a bearing portion (343) which is formed around the motor shaft (306) with respect to the stator (308) store, does not pass through.

Heat pump according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the motor housing (300) is mounted in the direction of operation of the heat pump on top of the condenser housing (1 14), so that the stator (308) above the radial wheel (304) and the steam flow (310) through the Motorpa! t (31 1) and the other gap (313) from top to bottom.

Heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a bearing portion (343) which is adapted to support the motor shaft (306) with respect to the stator (308), wherein the bearing portion is arranged so that between the bearing portion and the radial wheel of the rotor (307) and the stator

(308) of the compressor motor are arranged.

A heat pump as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the motor housing (300) has a working fluid inlet (330, 362) for communicating liquid working fluid from the condenser to the engine cooling to a wall

(309) of the compressor motor, and wherein the motor housing (300) further comprises a steam discharge (324) to divert steam from the vapor space (323) in the motor housing.

A heat pump according to claim 5, wherein the motor housing (300) is further adapted to maintain a level (322) of liquid working fluid in operation of the heat pump and to provide a vapor space (323) above the level of liquid working fluid the steam supply (320) is adapted to communicate with the steam cavity (323).

A heat pump according to claim 6, wherein an overflow (324) is disposed in the motor housing (300) to direct liquid working fluid above the level (322) into the condenser (1 14), and around the steam discharge (324) is a steam path between the vapor space (323) and the condenser (1 14) to create.

Heat pump according to one of claims 5 to 7, having a bearing portion which is adapted to support the motor shaft with respect to the stator, wherein the bearing portion is arranged so that between the bearing portion and the radial wheel, the rotor and the stator of the compressor motor are arranged, wherein one of the bearing portion (343) sealed volume (364) is formed, and wherein the working medium inlet (362) is formed for the storage cooling, the liquid working fluid in the sealed To conduct volume (364).

9. The heat pump of claim 8, wherein the working fluid inlet (362) is further configured to direct liquid working fluid out of the sealed volume (366) to the wall (309) of the compressor motor.

10. The heat pump of claim 9, wherein the working fluid inlet (362) has a conduit section configured to direct liquid working fluid out of the sealed volume (364), the conduit section being in a fluid working fluid in the motor housing (300). extends to supply liquid working fluid in the line section to a bottom of the motor housing (300).

1 1. A heat pump according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the motor housing is formed to hold in operation of the heat pump, a level (323) of liquid working fluid, so that the liquid working medium surrounds a wall of the compressor motor at least partially, wherein the wall of the compressor motor is formed around the stator, wherein the motor housing (300) is further formed to have an internal pressure which is equal to or greater than a pressure in the condenser (1 14), so that upon heating of the wall of the compressor motor an engine power loss, a bubble boiling (367) takes place in the liquid working fluid (328).

12. A heat pump according to any one of claims 6 to 11, further comprising a convection element (342) spaced from the wall (309) of the compressor motor in the liquid working means (328) and more permeable to the lower working area Liquid work equipment is considered to be in an upper area.

13. Heat pump according to claim 12, wherein the convection element (342) is crown-shaped, wherein a region of the convection element with crown teeth is the unconformable Defined upper region and the upper portion of the convection element (342) is impermeable to the liquid working medium.

Heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an emergency bearing (344) for securing the motor shaft (306) between the rotor (307) and the radial wheel (304) is arranged, wherein the further gap through holes in the emergency bearing (344) or extends through a bearing gap of the emergency camp.

Heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the motor shaft comprises: a shaft core (306 '); a permanent magnet magnet region (307) mounted on the shaft core (306 ') for defining the rotor; a securing sleeve (396) arranged around the magnet area (307) for securing the permanent magnets.

A heat pump according to claim 15, wherein the shaft core (306 ') is formed of aluminum, or wherein the fuse (396) is a carbon ferrule, or wherein at a top end of the magnetic portion toward a storage area or at a lower end a carbon fiber Bandage (397) is attached.

Heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Leitraum (302) is formed so that the Leitraum increases away from the radial wheel to the condenser in cross-section to achieve a pressure build-up.

Heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Leitraum (302) is radially symmetrical and is designed to achieve a deflection of a direction of vapor flow, so that one by the Ra Dialrad upward flow at the exit of the Leitraums (302) is directed laterally or downwards.

19. A heat pump according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein in the motor housing (300) a splash guard (360) is arranged, which is designed to prevent drops of working agent from the steam supply (320), so that the steam entering the engine gap (31 1), has a reduced number of working agent drops compared to the number of working fluid drops per volume in the steam (323).

20. A heat pump according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the motor housing is adapted to hold a pressure which is higher than an average pressure from the evaporator and the condenser, or higher than the pressure in the further gap (313) between the radial wheel and the pilot space (302) is greater than or equal to the pressure in the condenser.

21. A heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the motor housing (300) is adapted to maintain a pressure at least equal to the pressure in the evaporator, or in which a working fluid inlet (362, 330) is formed to spray liquid working fluid from the condenser for engine cooling to a motor wall (309), or wherein the motor housing (300) is further configured to maintain a maximum level (322) of liquid working fluid and above the maximum during operation of the heat pump Level (322), and wherein the motor housing (300) is further configured to direct working fluid above the maximum level into the condenser (1 14). A method of manufacturing a heat pump, comprising: a condenser having a condenser housing (1 14); a compressor motor mounted on the condenser housing (1 14) and having a rotor (307) and a stator (308), the rotor having a motor shaft (306) to which is attached a radial wheel (304) located in an evaporator zone (102) extends; a baffle (302) configured to receive vapor compressed by the radial wheel (304) and to conduct it into the condenser (1 14); a motor housing (300) surrounding the compressor motor; and a steam supply (320) for supplying steam (310) in the motor housing (300) to a motor gap (31 1) between the stator and the rotor (307), the compressor motor being configured such that a further gap (313 ) extends from the motor gap (31 1) along the radial wheel (304) to the guide space (302) so that from the motor housing (300) via the steam supply (320) of the steam (310) along the motor gap (31 1) and the further gap (313) is drawn into the condenser.

Method for operating a heat pump, comprising: a condenser with a condenser housing (1 14); a compressor motor mounted on the condenser housing (1 14) and having a rotor (307) and a stator (308), the rotor having a motor shaft (306) to which is attached a radial wheel (304) located in an evaporator zone (102) extends; a baffle (302) configured to receive vapor compressed by the radial wheel (304) and to conduct it into the condenser (1 14); a motor housing (300) surrounding the compressor motor; a motor gap (31 1) between the stator and the rotor (307), wherein the compressor motor is formed such that a further gap (313) from the motor gap (31 1) along the radial wheel (304) extends to the Leitraum (302); the method having the following features:

Supplying steam (310) in the motor housing (300) through a steam feed (320) into the engine gap (31 1) and the further gap (313) to the radial wheel

(304) and in the Leitraum (302), wherein from the motor housing (300) via the steam supply (320) of the steam (310) along the motor gap (31 1) and the further gap (313) is drawn into the condenser.