EP3423620B1 - Installation et procede pour la fabrication d'une texture fibreuse en forme de bande presentant en section transversale un profil evolutif - Google Patents

Installation et procede pour la fabrication d'une texture fibreuse en forme de bande presentant en section transversale un profil evolutif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3423620B1
EP3423620B1 EP17712211.6A EP17712211A EP3423620B1 EP 3423620 B1 EP3423620 B1 EP 3423620B1 EP 17712211 A EP17712211 A EP 17712211A EP 3423620 B1 EP3423620 B1 EP 3423620B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
take
sector
profile
thickness
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17712211.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3423620A1 (fr
Inventor
Jérémy Hellot
Hubert Jean Marie Fabre
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D49/00—Details or constructional features not specially adapted for looms of a particular type
    • D03D49/04—Control of the tension in warp or cloth
    • D03D49/20—Take-up motions; Cloth beams
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture by three-dimensional weaving (3D) or multilayer fiber reinforcement structures of composite material parts.
  • the invention relates more particularly to fibrous structures intended to form reinforcements of composite parts of revolution having in radial section an evolutive profile (variation of shape and or thickness) such as for example an aeronautical engine fan casing.
  • the 3D or multilayer weaving of fibrous structures intended to constitute the fibrous reinforcement of a composite material part, such as an aircraft engine fan casing for example, is made in a Jacquard loom, the weaving consisting of insert weft threads, creating a pattern, between warp threads.
  • the warp yarns are organized at the loom harness into a plurality of layers and columns that are manipulated by the loom to allow the insertion of the weft yarns according to the weaving pattern or patterns programmed in the weaving loom. loom.
  • the weft threads are inserted between the warp threads per column.
  • one or more call rollers are used between the exit of the loom and a mandrel or storage drum on which the texture woven fiber is wound for subsequent formation of a fiber preform on an injection mold.
  • This or these call rollers placed downstream of the loom, have the role of calling the right length of warp son after the insertion of each weft column.
  • the outer surface of these rolls is covered with a material to which the weaving son adhere so as to exert a tensile force on the warp son.
  • the fibrous texture thus woven is intended to be wound on an injection mold formed of a mandrel comprising a winding surface having in radial section a raised profile corresponding to the profile of the part to be manufactured.
  • a weave-shaped, also called “contour weaving” is used, which consists in calling a different length of warp son according to their position on the width of the fibrous texture woven in the form band.
  • the call roll or rollers have, on their axial width, a variable radius defining an external surface with a raised profile making it possible to call different lengths of warp thread according to their position on the width of the fibrous texture.
  • a longer length of warp being called by the part or parts of a call roller having a greater radius than the rest of the roll.
  • the differential calls of the warp threads are made by the sum of the lengths of fibrous texture in contact with the call rollers. Differential calls made by the call rollers echo into the weaving cell of the loom by pulling the correct length of warp threads before inserting the next weft column.
  • the fibrous texture is wound on itself several times. At each winding turn, the ratio between the different radii defining the relief profile changes as a function of the fibrous texture layers already wound. These profile changes are all the greater as the shape and / or thickness ratios in the final piece are important.
  • the manufacturing method described above allows to weave a fibrous texture with a constant relief profile, that is to say, according to the rays whose ratio in cross section is fixed. When wound on the injection mold, the fibrous texture decays because of the differences between the woven profile, which is constant over the entire length of the woven texture, and the actual profile on which it is wound, resulting in voltage losses at certain axial positions in the texture.
  • An installation for the manufacture of a fibrous texture according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from FR2660673 A1 .
  • an installation for the manufacture of a fibrous texture in the form of a strip having at least in cross section an evolutive profile comprising a loom, one or more call rollers and a storage mandrel, each call roller and the storage mandrel having on their axial width a variable radius so as to define an external surface having a raised profile
  • at least one call roller comprises a plurality sectors removably affixed to the outer surface of said call roller, each sector extending over a fraction of the circumference of the call roller and over all or part of the axial width of said call roller, each sector having in addition, at least one thickness determined so as to locally modify the thickness of the raised profile of the outer surface of the call roller.
  • the installation of the invention makes it possible to manufacture band-shaped fibrous textures having an evolutive profile in cross-section in which the voltage losses or inhomogeneities are significantly reduced.
  • These effects are visible during the winding of the texture on the injection mold for its shaping. Indeed, during its winding on the injection mold, the fiber preform has few defects (waves, buckling and / or pinching of fibers, areas of undesired thickenings, non-specification fiber volume ratio, folds, misalignments, etc. .) with respect to a fibrous texture manufactured according to the prior art where the voltage imbalances are greater. This reduces the unexpected stops of the winding machine usually necessary to recover defects such as folds or collapses of portions of the texture that require in in addition to a return to the machine and an intervention of one or more technicians.
  • each sector has a variable thickness in the axial direction. It is thus possible to maintain or modify the variation of the radius of the call roller.
  • each sector has an inner surface having a shape corresponding to the portion of the external surface with raised profile of the call roller on which said sector is fixed.
  • the increase of the call of the warp threads in contact with the sectors is adjusted with respect to the call of the warp threads made at the same place on the call roll without sectors.
  • each sector has on its outer surface layer of gripping material so as to cause the son of the fibrous texture in contact with the sectors.
  • At least one sector of the plurality of sectors comprises a beveled edge so as not to put the preform in contact with a sharp edge of the edge of a first sector added to the roll call and gradually increase the call strength of the wires.
  • a fifth particular characteristic of the installation of the invention comprises a first call roller placed near the exit of the loom and at least a second call roller placed between the first roll of call and the storage chuck, the second caller roller comprising a plurality of sectors removably attached to the outer surface of said second call roller, each sector extending over a fraction of the circumference of the second call roller and all or part of the axial width of said second call roller, each sector further having a thickness determined so as to locally modify the thickness of the raised profile of the outer surface of the call roller.
  • Preference sectors are thus preferably used with the "inverse” or “reverse” call roll or rollers, which have greater variations in radius than on the so-called “shooter” roll or rollers. "Puller” and which realize, therefore, a string length call son more important than the call rollers called “shooter” or “puller” located upstream in the direction of winding.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a band-shaped fibrous structure having in cross-section an evolutive profile by three-dimensional weaving or multilayer weaving between a plurality of layers of warp threads linked together by weft threads, the warp yarns being driven out of the loom by one or more call rollers, the fibrous texture being wound on a storage mandrel placed downstream of each call roller, each call roller and the mandrel.
  • each sector extending over a fraction of the circumference of the call roller and over all or part of the axial width of said call roller, each sector further having at least one thickness determined so as to locally modify the thickness of the raised profile of the outer surface of the call roller.
  • each sector extends over a fraction of the circumference of the call roller determined as a function of the circumferential contact portion between the fibrous texture and the external surface of said call roller.
  • each sector has a thickness that varies in the axial direction.
  • each sector has an outer surface having a shape corresponding to the portion of the raised profile outer surface of the call roller on which said sector is fixed.
  • the invention is generally applicable to the production of fibrous textures capable of constituting fibrous reinforcements, or preforms, for the manufacture of parts made of composite material of revolution presenting in radial section an evolutive profile and / or a variable thickness. in particular in radial section, the radial section corresponding to a plane defined by the axial direction and the radial direction of the mold on which the preform is shaped.
  • the pieces being obtained by winding a fibrous texture on a mold and injecting a matrix precursor into the shaped fibrous texture, the matrix typically being a resin.
  • the fibrous structure of the invention in the form of a strip having a cross-sectional evolutionary profile is obtained by three-dimensional weaving or by multilayer weaving.
  • 3D weaving By “three-dimensional weaving” or “3D weaving” is meant here a weaving mode whereby at least some of the weft yarns bind warp yarns on several chain layers or vice versa. 3D weaving can be interlock type as described in document WO 2006/136755 .
  • multilayer weave is meant here a 3D weave with several chain layers whose basic armor of each layer is equivalent to a conventional 2D fabric weave, such as a linen, satin or twill type armor, but with some points of the armor that bind the warp layers between them or vice versa.
  • the production of the fibrous structure by 3D or multilayer weaving makes it possible to obtain a bond between the layers, and thus to have good mechanical strength of the fibrous structure and of the composite material part obtained, in a single textile operation.
  • the fibrous structure may in particular be woven from carbon fiber threads, ceramic such as silicon carbide, glass, or aramid.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a loom 100 equipped with a Jacquard mechanism 101 supported by a superstructure not shown on the figure 1 .
  • the loom 100 also comprises a harness 110 consisting of a plow board 111 and control or smooth son 113, each lug 113 being connected at one end to a control hook 1010 of the Jacquard machine 101 and to the other end to one of the return springs 102 attached to the frame 103 of the loom 100.
  • Each loom 113 comprises an eyelet 114 traversed by a warp yarn 201.
  • the heddles 113 and their eyelet 114 associated extend in an area in which the smooth 113 and eyelets 114 are driven by a substantially vertical oscillation movement represented by the double arrow F.
  • the shafts 113 are subjected to tensile stresses respectively exerted by the control hooks 1010 and by the return springs 102.
  • the heddles 113 can lift certain warp son 201 according to a defined weaving program. By lifting some warp son 201, the heddles 113 thus create a crowd 104 allowing the introduction of weft yarns 202 for 3D weaving or multilayer of a fibrous structure 210 in the form of tape or ribbon.
  • the warp threads 201 are organized into a plurality of layers of warp threads C 1 to C n .
  • the warp yarns 201 are fed from bobbins arranged on a creel (not shown in FIG. figure 1 ) upstream of the Jacquard machine 101 of the loom 100.
  • the figure 2 represents an installation 10 for the manufacture of an evolutive shape fiber texture according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the installation 10 comprises the loom 100 described above and three call rollers 300, 400 and 500 disposed downstream of the loom.
  • the frame 120 delimits the exit of the loom 100, that is to say the area from which the warp threads 201 are no longer woven with the weft threads 202 and which corresponds to the closure of the shed 104 .
  • the first call roller 300 which is located closest to the exit 120 of the loom 100 is a roller called "shooter” or "puller".
  • the call roller 300 is driven in a direction of rotation S 300 indicated on the figure 2 . It has on its axial width a variable radius so as to define an outer surface 301 having a raised profile corresponding to the weaving profile referred for the fibrous texture 210 so as to have an angle between the nearest warp and weft son 90 °.
  • the outer surface 301 is covered with a material, for example a tackifier, to which the weaving threads adhere so as to exert a tensile force on the warp threads.
  • the other two call rollers 400 and 500 located downstream of the first call roller 300 are so-called “reverse” or “reverse” rollers which are rotated respectively in directions of rotation S 400 and S 500 indicated on the figure 2 and which are opposed to the direction of rotation S 300 of the call roller 300.
  • the call rollers 400 and 500 also have on their axial width a variable radius so as to define respectively external surfaces 401 and 501 having a profile in relief .
  • the radius variations on the call rollers 400 and 500 are greater than on the call roller 300, the rollers 400 and 500 making a longer call for the length of the warp thread than the call roller 300.
  • external surfaces 401 and 501 are covered with a material, for example a tackifier, to which the weaving threads adhere so as to exert a tensile force on the warp threads.
  • the installation 10 further comprises a mandrel or storage drum 600, also called “take-up" mandrel, which is rotated in the direction of rotation S 600 and which also has a variable radius on its axial width so as to defining an outer surface 601 having a raised profile corresponding to the weaving pattern referred for the fibrous texture 210 to limit the deformation of the fibrous texture 210.
  • the fibrous texture 210 is wound on the storage mandrel 600 and is thus stored therein. the subsequent formation of a fibrous preform by winding the fibrous texture onto an injection mold.
  • At least one call roller is provided with a plurality of sectors removably fixed, for example by means of screw-nut or interlocking clamping members, on the outer surface of the roller. of call, each sector extending over a fraction of the circumference of the call roller and over all or part of the axial width of said call roller.
  • the call roller 400 which extends axially along an axis X 400 and whose radius R 400 varies along the axis X400 ( figure 6 ), includes 3 sectors 410, 420 and 430 as illustrated in the figures 3 and 4 .
  • the sectors 410, 420 and 430 have respective axial widths L 410 , L 420 and L 430 which are smaller than the axial width L 400 of the call roller 400, the axial widths being measured. in the direction of the roller axis as the X axis 400 for the follower roller 400.
  • the sectors 410, 420, 430 are intended to be placed on a portion 402 of the call roller 400, part of the roller 400 in which the radius R 400 varies over the axial width L 400 so as to define in radial section a relief profile ( figure 6 ).
  • the sectors 410, 420 and 430 respectively comprise an inner surface 411, 421 and 431 having a shape corresponding to the portion 402 of the external surface 401 with raised profile of the call roller 400 on which the sectors are intended to be fixed and an outer surface 412, 422 and 432 having a shape determined according to the voltage adjustment that is desired to achieve in portion of the fibrous texture in contact with the sectors.
  • the outer surfaces 412, 422 and 432 are covered with a layer of gripping material (not shown), for example a layer elastomer (rubber), to which the weaving son adhere so as to exert a tensile force on the warp son.
  • a layer of gripping material for example a layer elastomer (rubber), to which the weaving son adhere so as to exert a tensile force on the warp son.
  • Sectors 410, 420 and 430 here have respectively thicknesses which are variable on the axial widths L 410, L 420 and L 430 of the sectors 410, 420 and 430, as shown in figure 6 for the thicknesses E 410 and E 420 of the sectors 410 and 420.
  • the variation of the thicknesses of the sectors 410, 420 and 430 follows mainly the variation of the radius R 400 , and, consequently, the shape of the profile in relief on the part 402 so as to modify locally the thickness of the roll 400 while following the raised profile of the outer surface of the call roller in the part 402.
  • the sectors can also add an extra thickness which is independent of the shape of the embossed profile of the roll.
  • the roller 400 calls for a longer length of warp son at the warp threads in contact with the sectors.
  • FIGS 7 to 9 show how the sectors 410, 420 and 430 are mounted on the call roller 400 during the manufacture of the fibrous texture 210.
  • the sectors are fixed on the outer surface of the call roller for example by means of clamping members as screws that cooperate with a tapped hole in the roller (not shown in the figures).
  • a first sector, here sector 410 is mounted on the portion of the portion 402 of the roll 400 which is not in contact with the fibrous texture 210.
  • the sector 410 which is the first to come into contact with the texture 210, comprises a first edge 413 which preferably has a beveled edge oriented towards the outer surface of the roll so as not to bring the preform into contact with a sharp edge of the edge of the sector and gradually increase the appeal force of the wires. of chain.
  • the rotation of call roller 400 in direction S 400 is then continued until a new portion of part 402 of call roller 400 is released from the zone of contact with texture 210 enabling the second sector 430 to be mounted ( figure 8 ).
  • the edge 433 of the sector 430 is placed against the edge 414 of the sector 410 which is partially in contact with the texture 210.
  • the rotation of the call roller 400 in the direction S 400 is continued until the last free portion of the part 402 of the call roller 400 of the contact zone with the texture 210.
  • the third sector 420 is then mounted on the roller 400 ( figure 9 ).
  • the edge 424 of the sector 420 is placed against the beveled edge 413 of the sector 410, the edge 424 having a beveled shape complementary to that of the edge 413.
  • the edge 423 of the sector 420 is placed against the edge 434 of the sector 420.
  • Sectors 410, 420 and 430 are added during the manufacture of the fibrous texture 210 when a longer length of warp yarn is to be called, for example when the difference between the woven profile and the actual profile on which the texture is wound such that it can cause voltage losses at certain axial positions in the texture.
  • the sector 430 which is the last sector to be removed, comprises an edge 434 which preferably has a beveled edge oriented towards the outer surface of the roller so as not to bring the preform into contact with a sharp edge of the edge of the sector, the edge 423 of the sector 420 having a beveled shape complementary to that of the edge 434.
  • Each sector extends over a fraction of the circumference of the roll. It has an arc length, such as the arc length A 410 of the sector 410 shown in FIG. figure 7 which is defined as a function of the arc length of the portion of the call roller 400 which is not in contact with the fibrous texture 210. Therefore, if the fibrous texture is in contact with the roll of call on a small arc length, it is possible to use sectors having a large arc length and vice versa. The number of sectors necessary to cover the entire circumference of the call roller is therefore also determined according to the arc length of the portion of the call roller that is not in contact with the fiber texture.
  • Sectors can be used on a single call roller, as described above for the roller 400, or on several call rollers, as on the rollers 300, 400 and 500 described above so as to locally modify the the thickness of the profile in relief of the external surface of the call roller or rollers.
  • the sectors are, however, preferably used with the so-called “reverse” or “reverse” call roll or rollers which have greater variations of radius than on the so-called “shooter” or “puller” roll or rollers and which , therefore, realize a longer string wire length call than the call rollers called "shooter” or "puller”.
  • the sectors are made of a rigid material or having a good compressive strength such as metal or plastic.
  • the sectors can be made for example by molding, machining or 3D printing.
  • the installation and method of manufacture of the invention allow to manufacture fibrous textures in evolutionary form in which the losses or inhomogeneities of voltage are significantly reduced.
  • the effects of the invention on a fibrous texture manufactured with the installation and the method of the invention are visible during the winding of this texture on the injection mold for their shaping.
  • the formed fiber preform has few defects (waves, buckling and / or pinching of fibers, areas of undesired thickenings, volume ratio of fibers out of specification, folds, misalignments, etc.) with respect to a fibrous texture manufactured according to the prior art or the voltage imbalances are more important. This reduces the unexpected stops of the winding machine usually necessary to recover defects such as folds or collapse of portions of the texture that also require a backward movement of the machine and an intervention of one or more technicians.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
EP17712211.6A 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 Installation et procede pour la fabrication d'une texture fibreuse en forme de bande presentant en section transversale un profil evolutif Active EP3423620B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1651741A FR3048435B1 (fr) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 Installation et procede pour la fabrication d'une texture fibreuse en forme de bande presentant en section transversale un profil evolutif
PCT/FR2017/050470 WO2017149252A1 (fr) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 Installation et procede pour la fabrication d'une texture fibreuse en forme de bande presentant en section transversale un profil evolutif

Publications (2)

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EP3423620A1 EP3423620A1 (fr) 2019-01-09
EP3423620B1 true EP3423620B1 (fr) 2019-12-04

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US (1) US10309043B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3423620B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN108779590B (zh)
FR (1) FR3048435B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2017149252A1 (zh)

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CN110077064B (zh) * 2019-05-31 2023-10-27 深圳市益联塑胶有限公司 一种绳带及其制作方法
FR3118896B1 (fr) 2021-01-19 2023-07-14 Safran Aircraft Engines Procede de fabrication d’une preforme pour une piece de turbomachine et installation de tissage d’une telle preforme

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WO2017149252A1 (fr) 2017-09-08
FR3048435A1 (fr) 2017-09-08
CN108779590A (zh) 2018-11-09
FR3048435B1 (fr) 2018-04-06
US10309043B2 (en) 2019-06-04
CN108779590B (zh) 2020-10-13
US20190062962A1 (en) 2019-02-28
EP3423620A1 (fr) 2019-01-09

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