EP3417489A1

EP3417489A1 - Stained glass cover for photovoltaic module

Info

Publication number: EP3417489A1
Application number: EP17711308.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stephen Wittkopf
Original assignee: Hochschule Luzern
Current assignee: Hochschule Luzern
Priority date: 2016-02-15
Filing date: 2017-02-15
Publication date: 2018-12-26
Also published as: CN109275342B; DE102016001628A1; SG11201806866XA; WO2017141100A1; US20190088808A1; CN109275342A

Abstract

Disclosed is a glass cover for a photovoltaic module (P), comprising at least one stained zone (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); the covering power (D) of the stained zone (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is selected in such a way that a desired relative efficiency (RE) is achieved.

Description

INTERNATIONAL PCT PATENT APPLICATION

Title: "Colored cover glass for photovoltaic module"

applicant:

Lucerne University of Applied Sciences

Technology and architecture

Technikumstrasse 21

CH-6048 Horw

SWITZERLAND

Technical area

The invention relates to a cover glass according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as a photovoltaic module, a computer-implemented data structure, a storage medium and two methods according to the independent claims.

State of the art

Photovoltaic modules are used today in many places. One possible site for photovoltaic systems is building facades, which is also referred to as BIPV applications, where BIPV stands for "building integrated photovoltaics".

Such BIPV applications do not necessarily mean that the used photovoltaic modules as efficiently as possible to produce electricity. Rather, in the integration of photovoltaic modules in building facades also aesthetic aspects play a crucial role in the approval of construction projects.

Among other things, there is a need for colored photovoltaic modules in this connection. Colored photovoltaic modules typically comprise a colored cover glass instead of a transparent cover glass.

The use of a colored cover glass instead of a transparent cover glass reduces the efficiency of the photovoltaic module, i. the relationship between the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module and the solar energy impinging on the photovoltaic module.

Hereinafter, the relationship between the efficiency of a photovoltaic module provided with a certain colored cover glass and the efficiency of the same photovoltaic module, when provided with a transparent cover glass, will be referred to as the photovoltaic module's relative efficiency.

A problem with such colored photovoltaic modules is that it is difficult to fabricate the colored coverslips to achieve a desired relative efficiency. The inventors have found that this is particularly problematic for multi-colored cover glasses, because different colored areas typically lead to different relative efficiencies, which then ultimately results in the operation of the photovoltaic module so-called hot spots arise, ie areas where significantly more solar energy on the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic module, as in other areas. The formation of such hot spots is very unfavorable for the operation of Photovoltaic modules and in particular lead to a short-term power loss. In addition, the formation of hot spots can also lead to a long-term and lasting damage to the photovoltaic module.

Object of the invention

It is the object of the invention to eliminate or at least mitigate the disadvantages of the aforementioned prior art. In particular, it is the object of the invention to find ways in multicolor photovoltaic modules to safely and reliably prevent the formation of hot spots or at least to reduce the risk of the formation of hot spots.

Solution of the task

The object is achieved according to the invention by a cover glass for a photovoltaic module, wherein the cover glass comprises at least one colored area, wherein an opacity of the colored area is chosen such that a desired relative efficiency is achieved.

In this context, the term "opacity" is to be understood as follows: The opacity describes the size of the printed portion of a total area, in the case of the digital printing technique used here (ie in digital printing technology, which is the invention) is based on a frequency-modulated raster on which dots are printed, whereby the opacity is determined by the distance of the centers of the dots, where 100% is equivalent to a fully printed area without spaces between the dots increased distance between points, where 0% means no printing. The distance between the points is not constant everywhere, but set differently by random number within a certain range, ie the average distance is the opacity.

It is important to realize that a fully printed area is not automatically 100% opaque (ie completely non-transparent). To what extent this is the case depends on the one hand on the respective base color, because the primary colors have different densities due to their pigmentation. Another printer setting that affects the opacity of a printed area is the amount of color that is provided for a printing spot. In the printing technique underlying the invention can be used per pressure point between 5 and 40 picoliter (pL). Only with a color quantity of 40 pL and an opacity of 100% is a completely opaque printing achieved. In the following, a color quantity of 10 pL is used as the basis, since covering powers between 10% and 100% still allow enough solar energy to pass through, so that a sensible operation of the photovoltaic module is possible.

The invention is based on the recognition that, for colored cover glasses for photovoltaic modules, depending on the color used (and for a given color content), different covering powers must be used so that a homogeneous relative efficiency results, and that such a homogeneous efficiency is necessary to prevent the formation of To prevent hot spots.

In advantageous embodiments, the at least one colored area comprises at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three of the basic colors black, white, red, green, blue and / or yellow. A particularly advantageous cover glass preferably comprises a plurality of colored areas each having at least one of the six Basic colors and at most all six of the basic colors. The covering powers of all basic colors of the Cover glass are each chosen so that the desired same relative efficiency for each color is achieved, so that there is a total of the desired relative efficiency for the cover glass.

The colored areas are at least partially angular or round, in particular triangular, quadrangular, circular, kreisausschnittsformig and / or annular. The amount of color of a base color is preferably 10 pL.

Using the Natural Color System (NCS) to characterize the primary colors, the base color black is preferably the color "NCS S 9000 N Glossy" and / or the base color white is preferably the color "NCS S 2502 B Glossy" and / or the base color is blue is preferably the color "NCS S 4550 R80B Glossy" and / or the base color red is preferably the color "NCS S 5040 Y80R Glossy" and / or the base color yellow is preferably the color "NCS S 3050 Y20R Glossy" and / or the base color Green is preferably the color "NCS S 5040 G10Y Glossy". Glossy here means that it is glossy and not dull colors.

However, it is not absolutely necessary that the primary colors have exactly these specifications. Rather, the invention also includes other types of white, black, blue, green, yellow and red as primary colors.

For example, the base color "NCS S 2502 B Glossy" is a white with the nuance 2502, ie a black component of 25% and a color component of 2%, whereby the color component comes from the color blue (B) In preferred embodiments, the base color is white a white with a black content of 15-35% and either a colored portion of 1-5% of the colors green (G) and / or blue (B) and / or yellow (Y) and / or red (R), or a colored component of 0% (N), which contains eg the color NCS S 3000-N.

The basic color "NCS S 9000 N Glossy" is a black with the Nuance 9000, ie a black component of 90% with 0% colored component (N) Embodiments, the base color is black, a black having a black content of 80-10% and a chromaticity ratio of 1-5% of the colors green (G) and / or blue (B) and / or yellow (Y) and / or red (R) ,

The basic color "NCS S 4550 R80B Glossy" is a blue with the Nuance 4550, ie a black part of 45% with 50% colored part, and the hue R80B, ie a red with 80% blue In preferred embodiments, the base color is blue Blue with 35-55% black and 60-40% colorfulness In preferred embodiments, the hue is a hue from R70B to R90B.

The base color "NCS S 5040 Y80R Glossy" is a red with the nuance 5040, ie a black portion of 50% with 40% colored portion, and the hue Y80R, ie a yellow with 80% red. In preferred embodiments, the base color is red Red with 40-60% black and 30-50% colorfulness In preferred embodiments, the hue is a hue from Y70R to Y90R.

The basic color "NCS S 3050 Y20R Glossy" is a yellow with the shade 3050, ie a black portion of 30% with 50% colored portion, and the hue Y20R, ie a yellow with 20% red. In preferred embodiments, the base color is yellow Yellow with a 20-40% black and 40-60% colorful portion In preferred embodiments, the hue is a hue from Y10R to Y30R.

The base color "NCS S 5040 G10Y Glossy" is a green with the nuance 5040, ie a black portion of 50% with 40% colored portion, and the shade G10Y, that is a green with 10% yellow In preferred embodiments, the base color is green Green with 40-60% black and 30-50% chromaticity In preferred embodiments, the hue is a hue of G05Y to G20Y. By the above color designations in the Natural Color System is meant colors, as they appear to a viewer, when applied to a cover glass at 40 picoliters per pressure point, with an opacity of 100%.

It is particularly advantageous if the hiding power is calculated in blue as a function of the desired relative efficiency for the primary color according to the following formula:

Dölau = -4920 + V29284400 - 50000XKE.

Dbiau refers to the opacity of the primary color blue and RE indicates the desired relative efficiency. The relative efficiency is between 82 and 95. Dbiau has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage +/- 2%. For example, the term "tolerance of +/- 10% means that the opacity D _b i _au for a relative efficiency of 90% need not necessarily be exactly 57.9%, but rather for D _b i _a u values between 52 , 1% and 63.7% are allowed. The values for the covering powers are preferably given rounded to the first decimal place.

It is particularly advantageous if the hiding power is calculated red depending on the desired relative efficiency for the primary color according to the following formula:

D _red = 133, 07 - J-11594, 96 + 294, 12xRE.

In this case, D _ro denotes the opacity for the primary color red and RE denotes the desired relative efficiency. The relative efficiency is between 43 and 95. D _ro t has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage +/- 2%. It is particularly advantageous if the hiding power is calculated as a function of the desired relative efficiency for the base color green according to the following formula:

Dgreen = 172, 23 - J-20257, 54 + SOOxRE.

Here, D _{green indicates} the opacity for the base color green and RE denotes the desired relative efficiency. The relative efficiency is between 53 and 95. D _green has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage +/- 2%.

It is particularly advantageous if the opacity is calculated as a function of the desired relative efficiency for the primary color yellow according to the following formula:

Dgeib = -1074, 75 + J1649907, 56 - S000xE.

Here, D _ge ib denotes the opacity for the primary color yellow and RE denotes the desired relative efficiency. The relative efficiency is between 55 and 95. D _ge ib has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage +/- 2%.

It is particularly advantageous if the hiding power is calculated according to the desired relative efficiency for the base color black according to the following formula:

D _S chwarz = 171, 24-1096, 8 + 277, 78xÄ £.

D _SC warts the opacity for the base color black and RE indicates the desired relative efficiency. The relative efficiency is between 17 and 95. D _SC hwarz has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage +/- 2%.

It is particularly advantageous if the opacity is calculated as a function of the desired relative efficiency for the base color white according to the following formula:

D white = -365, 6 + V330439.36 - 2000XÄF.

Here _we D i _S s denotes white opacity for the base color, and RE refers to the desired relative efficiency. The relative efficiency is between 57 and 95. D i _S s _we this case has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, most preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage, +/- 2%.

In advantageous embodiments, the cover glass comprises a mixed color, wherein the mixed color comprises at least two primary colors, wherein the mixed color is produced on the cover glass, that the at least two primary colors are applied in the form of a pattern on the cover glass, wherein the respective opacity of the base colors chosen are that give the desired relative efficiency. A mixed color produced in this way has the advantage that the impression of a homogeneous mixed color encompasses a viewer who is far enough away from the cover glass that the mixed color does not have to be produced by actually mixing the primary colors before applying to the cover glass, but by applying the primary colors is generated in a pattern. This is particularly advantageous because in this way the respective covering powers, which are necessary for generating the desired homogeneous efficiency, can be determined very simply by means of the formulas and / or tables disclosed in this application. If, on the other hand, the mixed colors were mixed with one another before being applied to the cover glass - so that one Ink in the form of the desired mixed color arises - so you would have to determine separately for each mixed color the ratio between the opacity and the relative efficiency.

In advantageous embodiments, the pattern includes stripes. Stripes are therefore advantageous because they can be applied particularly easily evenly on the cover glass. In advantageous embodiments, the strips have a width between 0.2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm. The strips are typically arranged in parallel. Such widths offer a particularly good compromise between simple production and homogeneous mixed color impression in the viewer.

In an advantageous embodiment, the opacity for the desired relative efficiency and the respective desired base color is selected according to the following table:

RE Dßlau Dweiss E> Yellow DGrün D _Ro , ^ Black

60% max (100) 93 87 74 55 38

Max 70% (100) 71 ^'65 51 38 28

80% max (100) 47 43 32 24 19

90% 58 22 21 15 11 10

In this case, the table entry "max (100)" means that for the base color blue, an opacity of more than 100% would be necessary in order to achieve the respective desired relative efficiency, as will be described below, as is typically the case in such a case For each of the opacity values given in the table for the different primary colors, a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, is used, with particular advantage +/- 2% but not noted in the table. Selecting the opacity for the selected primary colors according to the table above, this has the advantage that hot spot formation during operation of the photovoltaic module is avoided.

A photovoltaic module according to the invention comprises a cover glass according to the invention. In this case, the photovoltaic module preferably comprises a plurality of solar cells, the solar cells preferably being monocrystalline solar cells.

A computer-implemented data structure according to the invention for determining suitable covering powers for the primary colors black, white, red, green, blue and yellow to achieve a desired relative efficiency of a cover glass for a photovoltaic module comprises at least data of the form:

RE Dßlau Dweiss DGelb DGrün D _Ro . Dschwarz

60% max (100) 93 87 74 55 38

70% max (100) 71 65 51 38 28

80% max (100) 47 43 32 24 19

90% 58 22 21 15 11 10

In this case, the table entry "max (100)" means that for the base color blue, an opacity of more than 100% would be necessary in order to achieve the respective desired relative efficiency, as will be described below, as is typically the case in such a case For each of the opacity values given in the table for the different primary colors, a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, is used, with particular advantage +/- 2% but not noted in the table. If the covering powers for the respectively selected primary colors are selected according to the above-mentioned data structure, this has the advantage that hot spot formation is avoided during the operation of the photovoltaic module.

A storage medium according to the invention comprises a data structure according to the invention. The storage medium is preferably a computer-readable storage medium.

A method according to the invention for producing a cover glass according to the invention comprises the steps:

Selecting at least one color from the primary colors black, white, red, green, blue and / or yellow,

Setting a desired relative efficiency,

Determination of the required opacity for each of the selected inks by means of at least one of the above formulas for determining the opacity for the individual primary colors as a function of the desired relative efficiency,

• Printing on the cover glass with the selected colors, printing with the determined opacity.

The printing is preferably carried out by means of digital ceramic printing.

A further method according to the invention for producing a cover glass according to the invention comprises the steps:

Setting a desired relative efficiency,

• determining the required opacity for each of the selected inks by means of the above table, • Printing on the cover glass with the selected colors, printing with the determined opacity.

The printing is preferably carried out by means of digital ceramic printing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention will be described in more detail below with the aid of diagrams and drawings, in which:

Figure 1: Inventive photovoltaic module in plan view.

Figure 2: Diagram in which the relative efficiencies for the primary colors black, white, red, green, blue and yellow are shown as a function of opacity.

FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic module according to the invention in plan view.

Description of preferred embodiments

FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic module P according to the invention in plan view. The photovoltaic module P comprises a cover glass (not provided with reference numerals), which in turn comprises six colored areas, namely a white area 1, a yellow area 2, a red area 3, a green area 4, a blue area 5 and a black area 6 These six colored areas are each color because each one of the Basic colors are white, yellow, red, green, blue and black applied. The base color black is the color "NCS S 9000 N Glossy", the base color white is the color "NCS S 2502 B Glossy", the base color blue is the color "NCS S 4550 R80B Glossy", the base color red is the color " NCS S 5040 Y80R Glossy ", the base color yellow is the color" NCS S 3050 Y20R Glossy "and the base color green is the color" NCS S 5040 G10Y Glossy ".

In order for the solar energy impinging on the solar cells covered by the cover glass to be constant over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module P (or in other words: to produce a substantially uniform efficiency over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module), the respective covering powers for the individual colored areas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 selected differently. In particular, the base color white with an opacity of 37% is applied to the cover glass, the base color yellow is applied with an opacity of 34% on the cover glass, the base color red is applied with an opacity of 19% on the cover glass, the base color is green applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 25%, the base color blue is applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 88%, and the base color black is applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 15%. This results in a substantially homogeneous relative efficiency of about 84% over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module (see the following Table 1). The mentioned covering powers were rounded to whole numbers. The abovementioned covering powers for the six basic colors can be determined both with the aid of the abovementioned formulas and with the aid of the following Table 1. Table 1 :

RE Dblack Dweiss DRot DGrün Dßlau DGelb

82% 16.7 42.4 21.2 28.2 98.4 38.8

83% 15.8 39.9 19.9 26.5 93.4 36.5

84% 14.9 37.4 18.6 24.8 88.4 34.3

85% 14.1 34.9 17.3 23.1 83.4 32.0

86% 13.2 32.4 16.0 21.4 78.4 29.7

87% 12.3 29.9 14.8 19.8 73.4 27.5

88% 11.4 27.4 13.5 18.1 68.4 25.2

89% 10.6 24.8 12.3 16.5 63.4 22.9

90% 9.7 22.3 11.1 14.9 58.4 20.7

91% 8.8 19.7 9.9 13.4 53.4 18.4

92% 8.0 17.1 8.7 11.8 48.3 16.1

93% 7.1 14.5 7.5 10.2 43.3 13.8

94% 6.3 11.8 6.4 8.7 38.3 11.5

95% 5.5 9.2 5.2 7.2 33.2 9.2

It is noticeable that the opacity for the base color blue converges faster to the maximum value of 100% than for the other primary colors and thus defines a minimum relative efficiency RE of 82% for all other primary colors. This problem can be solved by choosing a larger amount of color for the base color blue than for the other primary colors, namely 20 pL instead of 10 pL. Of course, this problem only exists if the base color blue is actually used. If the base color blue is not used then the minimum efficiency RE will converge through whichever is the fastest to the maximum opacity value of 100%. If, for example, only the primary colors red and yellow are used in a special photovoltaic module, then the base color yellow determines a minimum relative efficiency RE of 55%, because the primary color yellow has an opacity value of 100% (with an ink quantity of 10 pL) a relative efficiency of 55% is achieved, whereas for the base color red with an opacity value of 100% (with an amount of color of 10 pL) a relative efficiency of 43% is achieved. These values are given by the above formulas.

In another embodiment of a photovoltaic module P according to the invention, the base color white is applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 71%, the base color yellow is applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 65%, the base color red is with an opacity of 38% the cover glass is applied, the base color green is applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 51%, and the base color black is applied to the cover glass with an opacity of 28%. This results in a substantially homogeneous relative efficiency of about 70% over the entire surface of the photovoltaic module. The abovementioned covering powers for the five basic colors can be determined both with the aid of the abovementioned formulas and with the aid of the following Table 2.

The following Table 2 visualizes the values for this embodiment and also indicates three further embodiments, namely in addition to an efficiency RE of 70% for relative efficiencies RE of 60%, 80% and 90%.

Table 2:

RE Dßlau Dweiss Dselb DGrün D _Red D Black

60% max (100) 93 87 74 55 38

70% max (100) 71 65 51 38 28

80% max (100) 47 43 32 24 19

90% 58 22 21 15 11 10

Table 2 shows that for the relative efficiencies 60%, 70%, and 80% for the opacity of the base color blue, the respective table entries are "max (100)." As already mentioned, this means that there are computational coverages of more than 100 % would be necessary to the desired relative To achieve efficiencies. If the base color blue were simply used here for the maximum opacity of 100%, then too much light would penetrate the blue area, so that there would be a danger of hot spots forming here. The base color blue is therefore not used in the photovoltaic module of this embodiment.

However, as already described above, this problem could also be remedied by choosing a larger amount of color for the primary color blue than for the other primary colors, namely 20 pL instead of 10 pL.

Figure 2 shows a graph in which the relative efficiencies RE (where RE stands for "relative efficiency", so the relative efficiency may also be referred to) for the primary colors blue, red, green, yellow, black and white are shown as a function of opacity This diagram clarifies the surprising finding that the relative efficiencies vary more or less strongly for different primary colors with the same covering forces.The "blue problem" described above can also be seen in FIG Opacity of 100% never falls below the value of 80%. It can also be seen from FIG. 2 that comparable "limits" for the primary colors white, yellow and green lie between 50% and 60%, for the primary color red at approximately 40% and for the base color black at approximately 20%.

To determine the formulas and tables which constitute parts of the invention, the inventors used the following method:

The values of the table were determined experimentally, ie in field trials. First, a southwest-facing PV façade was built containing eleven identical unshaded panels, each consisting of two commercially available monocrystalline PV modules. Each field was provided with a special electric power meter that produced by the hour Current from this field records. Since a power difference of up to + -5% within a series is allowed for PV modules, the slightly different power values of the PV fields were normalized by means of a correction factor. Afterwards, the size of the photovoltaic panels was printed with 10 glasses of each of the six basic colors with cover powers of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100%. To print the glasses, a "Glasjet Jumbo AR 6000" printer manufactured by Dip-Tech was used and printed at 10 picoliters per dot This printer typically uses the colors CASS_0001 as black, CASS_0002 as white, CASS_0003 as blue, CASS_0004 as Yellow, CASS_0005 as green, CASS_0006 as red and CASS_0008 as orange, where CASS_0001 to CASS_0008 are the names of the manufacturer Dip-Tech These glasses and a reference glass without printing were mounted in front of the PV panels and their performance over an average of 3 During this period, at least one clear, one cheerful and one overcast sky had to be recorded The powers (L) of the PV fields with the printed glasses were compared with the performance of the simultaneously measured reference glasses, from which the relative efficiencies (Relative Efficiency, RE) as follows: RE = L (PV with printed glass) / L (PV with clear glass) For the ten different coverages, ten RE values per basic color were used (only eight values were determined for the base color black, because two coverslips were damaged), which are summarized in Table 3 below. Subsequently, the values were transferred into a formula per basic color. Table 3:

D 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Blue 82 84 85 88 90 92 93 97 96 100

White 57 60 66 72 75 81 82 86 90 94

Yellow 55 58 62 67 74 78 82 87 89 94

Green 53 51 56 61 66 72 75 82 87 92

Red 43 44 50 54 56 64 67 76 83 90

Black 17 21 27 34 41 50 59 - - 89

FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic module P according to the invention in plan view. The photovoltaic module P comprises a cover glass (not provided with reference numerals), which in turn comprises a plurality of red stripes 7 and a plurality of blue stripes 8. The red stripes 7 are red because they include the base color red, and the blue stripes 8 are blue because they cover the base color blue. The red and blue 7, 8 are arranged alternately and run parallel. The shown arrangement of blue stripes 8 and red stripes 7 in a uniform pattern results in a color impression "violet" for a viewer who is at least a few meters away from the photovoltaic module P. The covering powers of the primary colors red and blue used are selected in this way in that a homogeneous desired relative efficiency RE is achieved across the entire photovoltaic module P. One possibility is that the base color is applied to the cover glass in red with a hiding power of 19% and the base color is applied to the cover glass in blue with an opacity of 88% This results in a homogeneous relative efficiency of about 84% over the entire photovoltaic module P. These numerical values are given in Table 1 above.

Similarly, it is possible to make the mixed color gray from the primary colors black and white. By additional use of the basic color yellow could also be the mixed color beige generated. It is thus also possible to apply more than two primary colors in a pattern on the cover glass. In this way an immense variety of mixed colors can be produced. The formation of hot spots in the photovoltaic module is thereby always avoided by determining the appropriate covering powers according to the formulas and / or tables listed above.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 white area

2 yellow area

3 red area

4 green area

5 blue area

6 Black area

7 red stripes

8 blue stripes

P photovoltaic module

Claims

claims

1. cover glass for photovoltaic module (P), wherein the cover glass at least one colored area (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), characterized in that an opacity (D) of the colored area (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is selected such that a desired relative efficiency (RE) is achieved.

2. cover glass according to claim 1, characterized in that the colored area (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three of the basic colors black, white, red, green, blue and or yellow.

3. cover glass according to claim 2, characterized in that the opacity (D _b i _au ) depending on the desired relative

Efficiency (RE) for the primary color blue calculated according to the following formula:

Dbiau = -4920 + V29284400 - 50000XÄE, where RE is between 82 and 95 and wherein Dbiau has a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with particular advantage +/- 2 % Has.

4. cover glass according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the opacity (D _red ) in dependence of the desired relative efficiency (RE) for the base color red calculated according to the following formula:

D _red = 133, 07 - J-11594, 96 + 294, 12xRE, where RE is between 43 and 95 and where D _ro t is a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, particularly preferably +/- 3%, with special advantage +/- 2%.

5. Covering glass according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the hiding power (D _green ) is calculated in dependence on the desired relative efficiency (RE) for the base color green according to the following formula:

D green = 172, 23 - V ~ 20257, 54 + 500xRE, where RE is between 53 and 95 and where D _green is a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably +/- 3%, with special advantage +/- 2%.

6. cover glass according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the opacity (D _ge ib) depending on the desired relative efficiency (RE) for the primary color yellow calculated according to the following formula:

Dgeib = -1074, 75 + J1649907. 56 - 5000XEE, wherein RE is from 55 to 95 and wherein D _ge ib a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, most preferably +/- 3%, especially advantageously has +/- 2%.

7. Covering glass according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the opacity (D _SC resin) is calculated as a function of the desired relative efficiency (RE) for the base color black according to the following formula:

D _S chwarz = 171, 24-1096, 8 + 277, 78xJ £, wherein RE is between 17 and 95, and where D _SC hwarz a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, more preferably + /? - 3%, with special advantage +/- 2%.

8. Covering glass according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the opacity (D _we iss) depending on the desired relative efficiency (RE) for the base color white calculated according to the following formula:

Dweiss = -365, 6 + V330439.36 - £ 2000XÄ, wherein RE is 57-95 and wherein D i _we _SS a tolerance of +/- 10%, preferably +/- 5%, most preferably +/- 3% , with special advantage +/- 2%.

9. cover glass according to one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the cover glass comprises a mixed color, wherein the mixed color comprises at least two primary colors, the

Mixed color is thereby generated on the cover glass, that the at least two primary colors are applied in the form of a pattern (7, 8) on the cover glass, wherein the respective opacity of the primary colors are chosen such that the desired relative efficiency results.

10. cover glass according to one of claims 2 or 9, characterized

characterized in that the opacity for the desired relative efficiency (RE) and the respective desired base color is selected according to the following table:

RE Dßlau Dweiss DGelb DGrün ^ Black

60% max (100) 93 87 74 55 38

70% max (100) 71 65 51 38 28

80% max (100) 47 43 32 24 19

90% 58 22 21 15 11 10

11. Photovoltaic module (P), comprising a cover glass according to one of

previous claims.

12. Computer-implemented data structure for determining suitable coverages for the primary colors blue, green, red, yellow, black and white to achieve a desired relative efficiency of a

Photovoltaic module comprising at least data of the form: RE Dßlau Dweiss DGelb DGrün D _Red ^ Black

60% max (100) 93 87 74 55 38

70% max (100) 71 65 51 38 28

80% max (100) 47 43 32 24 19

90% 58 22 21 15 11 10

13. A storage medium comprising a computer-implemented data structure according to claim 12.

14. A method for producing a cover glass according to one of

Claims 3 to 9, with the steps:

Setting a desired relative efficiency,

Determining the required opacity for each of the selected inks by means of at least one of the formulas of claims 3 to 8,

• Printing on the cover glass with the selected colors, whereby the printing takes place with the determined opacity.

15. A method for producing a cover glass according to claim 10, comprising the steps:

Setting a desired relative efficiency,

Determination of the required opacity for each of the selected inks by means of the table of claim 9,