EP3413280B1 - Systeme und verfahren zur kammerlosen raucherkennung und überwachung der raumluftqualität - Google Patents

Systeme und verfahren zur kammerlosen raucherkennung und überwachung der raumluftqualität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3413280B1
EP3413280B1 EP18176082.8A EP18176082A EP3413280B1 EP 3413280 B1 EP3413280 B1 EP 3413280B1 EP 18176082 A EP18176082 A EP 18176082A EP 3413280 B1 EP3413280 B1 EP 3413280B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
emission
cone
acceptance
sensing devices
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EP18176082.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3413280A1 (de
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David L. LINCOLN
Jennifer M. ALEXANDER
Michael J. Birnkrant
Peter R. Harris
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Kidde Technologies Inc
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Kidde Technologies Inc
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Priority claimed from PCT/US2017/037659 external-priority patent/WO2017218763A1/en
Priority claimed from US15/871,931 external-priority patent/US10852233B2/en
Priority claimed from US15/967,502 external-priority patent/US10871452B2/en
Application filed by Kidde Technologies Inc filed Critical Kidde Technologies Inc
Publication of EP3413280A1 publication Critical patent/EP3413280A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to chamberless particulate detectors, and more particularly to such detectors and air quality detection and monitoring for aircraft.
  • Smoke sensors such as smoke detectors used on aircraft, often located inside of a cabin, bathroom or cargo area, use near infrared light, or lights of other wavelengths, scattering inside a small plastic chamber located inside of the enclosure, with inlets of controlled dimensions to prevent entry of unwanted particles. Detectors of this kind have been proposed e.g. in EP 0 029 648 A1 and US 2009/0 218 526 A1 .
  • chamber-less smoke detectors may be used, as proposed e.g. by US 2002/0 153 499 A1 .
  • a well-defined operational strategy is key to maintaining measurement integrity.
  • the lights used for detection are in some cases nearly constantly on and may provide a nuisance to users, and consume more power. Therefore, there exists a need for improved chamber-less smoke detection.
  • the conventional techniques have been considered satisfactory for their intended purpose.
  • the invention is defined in the appended claims.
  • the invention provides a chamberless system for particulate detection and monitoring that includes at least two light sources configured to emit light into a monitored space. At least one of the light sources is configured to emit a respective emission cone having a respective emission cone axis. At least two light sensing devices are configured to receive scattered light. At least one of the light sensing devices defines a respective acceptance cone having a respective acceptance cone axis. The emission cone axis of the emission cone, and/or the acceptance cone axis of the light sensing device is angled toward the other. At least one of the light sensing devices is positioned between two of the at least two light sources. A processor is operatively connected to the at least one light sensing devices to evaluate the scattered light for the presence of particulates in the monitored space.
  • the light sources include two light sources each emitting a respective emission cone.
  • the respective emission cone axes can be parallel to one another as viewed from a bottom side of a detector housing.
  • the emission cone axis and the acceptance cone axis can intersect one another as viewed from a bottom side of a detector housing, but may not intersect one another in all dimensions.
  • at least one emission cone axis and at least one acceptance cone axis intersect one another in all dimensions.
  • An angle between the emission cone axis and the acceptance cone axis can be between zero and 180 degrees. It is contemplated that the emission cone axis of the light source and the acceptance cone axis of the light sensing device can be parallel to one another as viewed from a bottom side of a detector housing, and/or in all dimensions.
  • the light sources can be configured to emit light of different wavelengths.
  • a first light source of the light sources can be configured to emit light at a first wavelength in a UV spectrum and/or a visible spectrum.
  • a second light source of the light sources can be configured to emit light at a second wavelength in the visible spectrum and/or an IR spectrum.
  • the system includes a polarizing filter optically coupled to at least one of the light sensing devices, or the light sources.
  • An airborne particle type can be discriminated via the use of the polarizing filter.
  • the system includes a detector housing.
  • the light sources and the light sensing devices can be positioned within the detector housing.
  • the detector housing can include apertures. Each aperture can be associated with a respective one of the light sources or the light sensing devices.
  • Each aperture can define a respective aperture axis.
  • the aperture axis of at least one aperture associated with one of the light sources is angled with respect to the aperture axis of at least one of the apertures associated with one of the light sensing devices.
  • the at least two apertures associated with the at least two light sensing devices can share a common centerline axis. At least two of the light sensing devices can share a common centerline axis.
  • the processor can be configured to evaluate scattered light and/or fluorescence to detect and monitor for target gases, particulate contaminants, PM2.5, PM10, microbial contaminants, and/or smoke.
  • a method of operating a chamberless system for particulate detection and monitoring includes emitting light from at least two light sources of the system into a monitored space.
  • Emitting light includes emitting light from each of the light sources as respective emission cones.
  • Each emission cone includes an emission cone axis.
  • the method includes detecting scattered light with at least two light sensing devices of the system. At least one of the light sensing devices defines a respective acceptance cone having an acceptance cone axis. At least one of the light sensing devices is positioned between the at least two light sources. At least one of the emission cone axis or the acceptance cone axis is angled toward the other and wherein the detection of scattered light is indicative of one or more particulates in the monitored space.
  • the emission cone axes of the two light sources can be parallel to one another. It is contemplated that in some embodiments, the emission cone axis and the acceptance cone axis intersect one another as viewed from a bottom side of a detector housing, but may not intersect one another in all dimensions. In accordance with some embodiments, the emission cone axis of the light source and the acceptance cone axis of the light sensing device are parallel to one another in all dimensions.
  • Emitting light from the light sources can include emitting a first light having a first wavelength from one of the light sources.
  • the first wavelength can be in at least one of the UV spectrum or the visible spectrum.
  • Emitting light from the light sources can include emitting a second light having a second wavelength from another one of the light sources.
  • the second wavelength can be in at least one of the visible spectrum or the IR spectrum.
  • the method can include polarizing light entering into at least one of the light sensing devices with a polarizing filter.
  • the method can include polarizing light exiting at least one of the light sources with a polarizing filter.
  • the method can include determining and monitoring for target gases, particulate contaminants, microbial contaminants and/or other conditions, in addition to smoke.
  • FIG. 1A-1B a partial view of an exemplary embodiment of a system in accordance with the disclosure is shown in Figs. 1A-1B and is designated generally by reference character 100.
  • FIGs. 2A-14C Other embodiments of systems in accordance with the disclosure, or aspects thereof, are provided in Figs. 2A-14C , as will be described.
  • the systems and methods described herein can be used in systems for chamberless particulate monitoring including smoke detection and air quality monitoring in aircraft, such as aircraft cabins, cargo areas, and the like.
  • a chamberless system for particulate monitoring 100 utilizes a photoelectric method for detection of particulates into a monitored space 107.
  • the monitored space 107 is in proximity to a housing 101 of system 100 and extends into the environment being monitored. In buildings, space 107 would extend into a room, duct, elevator shaft, and the like. In an aircraft, space 107 would extend into a cargo bay, aircraft cabin, or avionics bay.
  • the monitored space 107 is dependent upon the spatial placement of light emitting and detection elements within 100.
  • System 100 includes light sources 102 and 104 configured to emit light into a monitored space.
  • the first light source 102 and the second light source 104 may include a light emitting diode (LED).
  • the first light source 102 and the second light source 104 may emit light at one or more wavelengths into monitored space 107.
  • the first light source 102 may emit light of wavelengths characteristic of infrared light
  • the second light source 104 may emit light of wavelengths characteristic of blue visible light.
  • the infrared light may be used in the detection and false alarm discrimination of smoke
  • the blue visible light may be used in the false alarm discrimination of smoke.
  • a combination of infrared light and ultra-violet light may be used.
  • the light emitted from first and second light sources 102 and 104, respectively, is indicated schematically by the first and second emission cones 102a and 104a, respectively.
  • Emission cones 102a and 104a define emission cone axes B and C that are parallel to one another.
  • emission cones 102a and 104a extend downwards at an angle ⁇ of about 25 degrees with respect to bottom surface 103 of housing 101. Angle ⁇ can range from 1 degree to 90 degrees in some embodiments, and 5 degrees to 40 degrees in some cases.
  • the downward angle for 102a, 104a, 202a, 204a, 402a, 404a, 502a, 504a, 602a and 604a are independent parameters.
  • the angle ⁇ for 102a, 104a, 202a, 204a, 402a, 404a, 502a, 504a, 602a and 604a can be the same at 25 degrees, or some can be greater or less than 25 degrees.
  • the system 100 includes three light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 configured to receive scattered light, e.g. light originally emitted from the light sources 102 and/or 104 and then scattered off any airborne particles, or other obstructions.
  • Light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 can be photodiodes (PDs), and/or light sensing devices such as Avalanche PhotoDiodes (APDs), Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs), and the like.
  • PDs photodiodes
  • APDs Avalanche PhotoDiodes
  • MPPCs Multi-Pixel Photon Counters
  • Each light sensing device 106, 108 and 110 defines an acceptance cone 106a, 108a and 110a, respectively.
  • Each acceptance cone 106a, 108a and 110a has an acceptance cone axis G, H and I, respectively, as shown in Figs. 1A-1C .
  • Each acceptance cone axis is the axis of symmetry for each acceptance cone 106a, 108a and 110a. The same is true for the other acceptance cones in the other embodiments described below.
  • acceptance cones 106a and 110a extend downwards at an angle ⁇ of about 25 degrees with respect to bottom surface 103 of housing 101. Angle ⁇ can range from 1 degree to 90 degrees in some embodiments, and 5 degrees to 40 degrees in some cases.
  • acceptance cones 206a and 210a, 406a and 410a, 506a and 510a, 606a and 610a as described below.
  • the downward angle for 106a, 110a, 206a, 210a, 406a, 410a, 506a, 510a, 606a, 610a are independent parameters.
  • the angle ⁇ for 106a, 110a, 206a, 210a, 406a, 410a, 506a, 510a, 606a, 610a can be the same at 25 degrees, or some can be greater or less than 25 degrees.
  • Fig. 1B shows acceptance cone 108a extending downwards at an angle ⁇ of about 90 degrees with respect to bottom surface 103 of housing 101.
  • angle ⁇ can be more or less than 90 degrees. This also applies to angle ⁇ for acceptance cones 208a, 408a, 508a, and 608a, as described below.
  • the downward angle ⁇ for acceptance cones 108a, 208a, 408a, 508a, and 608a are independent parameters.
  • the angle ⁇ for 108a, 208a, 408a, 508a, and 608a can be the same at 90 degrees, or some can be greater or less than 90 degrees.
  • the light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 are configured to measure signals, e.g. light that has been emitted from the first light source 102 and the second light source 104 and scattered and/or fluoresced by particulates/objects in the environment.
  • the sensing volume is defined as the overlap between an emission cone such as 102a or 104a and an acceptance cone such as 106a, 108a, or 110a.
  • the sensing volume is dependent on the position of the light sensing devices 106, 108, and 110 and the light sources 102 and 104 as well as the shape of their respective emission and acceptance cones.
  • the emission cone axes are parallel to the acceptance cone axes when viewed from bottom surface 103 of housing 101, moving the emission cone axes closer to the acceptance cone axes will increase the overlap of the emission cones and acceptance cones, and therefore increase the sensing volume.
  • system 100 provides a greater overlap between second light emission cone 104a and acceptance cones 106a, 108a, as compared to systems where, instead of being aligned with light sensing device 110 and equal distance from light sources 104 and 102, light sensing devices 106 and 108 are aligned along a common axis with light source 102.
  • the multi-wavelength, multi-angle information is useful in discriminating solid objects from particulates, as well as, nuisance particulates from smoke, and also for particle sizing for indoor air quality measurements.
  • the detection capability of system 100 even in cargo spaces, provide robust detection capabilities to detect various particles and/or to discriminate between particle types.
  • light sensing device 106 is a first light sensing device
  • the light sensing device 108 is a second light sensing device
  • the light sensing device 110 is a third light sensing device.
  • the distance between light sensing device 106, and/or its respective aperture, and light source 102, and/or its respective aperture, is the same as the distance between light sensing device 106, and/or its respective aperture, and light source 104, and/or its respective aperture.
  • the same is true for light sensing devices 108 and 110.
  • the overlap of the field of view e.g.
  • acceptance cones 106a, 108a and 110a, with the first emission cone 102a form different overlapping sensing volumes 111, 113 and 115, respectively. Similar sensing volumes are also formed by the overlap of the acceptance cones 106a, 108a, and 110a with the second emission cone 104a (which are not shown in most of the views for sake of clarity).
  • Similar sensing volumes are also formed by the overlap of the acceptance cones 106a, 108a, and 110a with the second emission cone 104a (which are not shown in most of the views for sake of clarity).
  • 3D space there will be a total of six different overlapping sensing volumes formed by the overlap between emission cones and acceptance cones, some of which may overlay with one another.
  • the two regions associated with a given acceptance cone would appear to be the same, however, in 3D space these would be different.
  • each emission cone axis is the axis of symmetry for each emission cone 102a and 104a. The same is true for the other emission cones in the other embodiments described below.
  • the acceptance cone axes G and I are parallel to the axes of symmetry B and C and the acceptance cone axis H is perpendicular to the axes of symmetry B and C.
  • the emission cones and acceptance cones themselves, however, do overlap (in 3D space), as described below by the overlapping sensing regions.
  • light sensing device 106 is a forward scatter light sensing device and defines an acceptance cone 106a having an acceptance cone axis G.
  • Acceptance cone axis G and the emission cones 102a and 104a have an angle of coincidence ⁇ of 130 degrees, for example.
  • the angle of coincidence for between each of the emission cones 102a and 104a and acceptance cone 106a can be different.
  • emission cone 102a can be angled farther downward from bottom surface of housing 101 than emission cone 104a, making the angle of coincidence between acceptance cone 106a different for each of emission cones 102a and 104a. The same is true for the other emission cones and acceptance cones described herein.
  • Acceptance cone 106a overlaps with first emission cone 102a and second emission cone 104a.
  • the overlap between acceptance cones 106a, 108a and 110a and second emission cone 104a is not shown in the view of Figs. 1A-1C for sake of clarity as, in the side view shown, it would be directly in front of the overlap with emission cone 102a (which is shown).
  • FIG. 1A-1C (and the side views described throughout this application) are left-side, top-up views of the schematic plan bottom views shown.
  • FIGs. 1A-1C are left-side, top-up (bottom-down) views of the schematic plan bottom view of housing 101 as oriented in Figs. 2A and 2B .
  • light sensing device 108 is referred to as a mid-scatter or side-scatter light sensing device and defines an acceptance cone 108a having an acceptance cone axis H.
  • acceptance cone axis H and the acceptance cones 102a and 104a have an angle of coincidence ⁇ of 65 degrees.
  • the angle of coincidence for between each of the emission cones 102a and 104a and acceptance cone 108a can be different, similar to how it is described above for acceptance cone 106a.
  • Acceptance cone 108a overlaps with first emission cone 102a and second emission cone 104a.
  • light sensing device 110 is a back-scatter light sensing device and defines an acceptance cone 110a that defines an acceptance cone axis I.
  • Acceptance cone axis I is substantially parallel to axes of symmetry B and C and defines a zero degree angle of coincidence with both axes, for example. However, in other embodiments the angle of coincidence can be greater than zero.
  • Acceptance cone 110a overlaps with first emission cone 102a and emission cone 104a. The overlaps define two back-scatter sensing volumes 115. Only sensing volume 115 for the overlap between acceptance cone 108a and first emission cone 102a is shown in Fig. 1C for sake of clarity.
  • the overlap for second emission cone 104a and acceptance cone 110a that also forms one of sensing volumes 115 is not shown in the view of Fig. 1C .
  • the angle of coincidence ⁇ can vary depending on the downward angles for 102a, 104a, 202a, and 204a, as well as, 106a, 108a, 110a, 206a, 208a, and 210a.
  • the system 100 can include a polarizing filter 114 optically coupled to a light sensing device 106.
  • Polarizing filter 114 allows an additional way to discriminate between airborne particle types.
  • one or more respective polarizing filters 114 can be optically coupled to light sensing devices 108 and 110 and light sources 102 and 104.
  • System 100 includes a housing 101 in which light sources 102 and 104 and light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 are operatively mounted.
  • some embodiments include surface mount light sources and light sensing devices that are directly mounted to a circuit board within an interior portion of housing 101.
  • Light pipes can be used to operatively direct the emission cones and acceptance cones of the light sources and light sensing devices from an aperture in the housing, through the housing, to direct the emission cones and acceptance cones to/from the surface mounted optical elements. If mounted at the desired angle on the circuit board (which could be conformally shaped with flexible circuit boards), light pipes may not be needed. However, a transparent window over the apertures may be used to allow the light to pass through the housing, while protecting the board and optical components from the external environment. In any case, a transparent window (composed of borosilicate, sapphire, Gorilla Glass, polycarbonate, etc.) could generally be used for either embodiment to protect the circuit and optical components.
  • the housing 101 can include apertures 116, 118, 120, 122 and 124 associated with the given light sources 102 and 104 and light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110, respectively.
  • a processor 112 is operatively connected to the light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 and is configured to evaluate the scattered light for presence of one or more conditions, such as presence of solid objects, nuisance particulates, smoke particulates, and indoor air quality particulates in the monitored space 107. This includes, but is not limited to, pollen, microbials, gases, and the like.
  • the processor 112 is operatively connected to the plurality of light sources 102 and 104 and the plurality of sensors 106, 108 and 110.
  • the processor 112 includes a memory (not shown) capable of storing executable instructions.
  • the processor 112 can execute the instructions, such as in connection with one or more applications, processes or routines to analyze the signals detected by the plurality of sensors to make alarm decisions, for example, after preset threshold levels, or threshold ratio of levels, are reached. For example, a ratio between particulates detected by the sensing volumes can be used to help discriminate between nuisances and alarm scenarios.
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of a system for particulate monitoring 200 includes a plurality of light sources 202 and 204 and a plurality of light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210.
  • Light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210 are similar to light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 described above and the description provided above with respect to light sensing devices 106, 108 and 110 readily applies to light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210.
  • System 200 includes a housing 201, similar to housing 101, having a bottom surface 203.
  • a processor 212 is operatively connected to the light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210 and is configured to evaluate the scattered light for presence of one or more conditions, such as presence of solid objects, nuisance particulates, smoke particulates, and indoor air quality particulates in a monitored space 207, similar to processor 112.
  • Housing 201 includes apertures 216, 218, 220, 222 and 224 associated with the given light sources 202 and 204 and light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210, respectively.
  • the light emitted from light sources 202 and 204 is indicated schematically by emission cones 202a and 204a, respectively.
  • Light sources 202 and 204 are similar to light sources 102 and 104 except that light sources 202 and 204 are angled toward light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210.
  • the light emitted from first and second light sources 202 and 204, respectively, is indicated schematically by the first and second emission cones 202a and 204a, respectively.
  • Emission cone 202a defines an emission cone axis E and emission cone 204a defines emission cone axis F.
  • the first light source 202 and the second light source 204 may include a light emitting diode (LED) and may emit light at one or more wavelengths into a monitored space 207, similar to light sources 102 and 204.
  • the monitored space 207 is similar to that described above with respect to Fig. 1 .
  • first light source 202 may emit light of wavelengths characteristic of infrared light
  • the second light source 204 may emit light of wavelengths characteristic of blue visible light.
  • the infrared light may be used in the detection and false alarm discrimination of smoke, and the blue visible light may be used in the false alarm discrimination of smoke.
  • a combination of infrared light and ultra-violet light may be used.
  • System 200 can also include a polarizing filter, similar to filter 114.
  • light sensing devices 206, 208 and 210 can be photodiodes (PDs), and/or light sensing devices such as Avalanche PhotoDiodes (APDs), Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs), and the like.
  • PDs photodiodes
  • Avalanche PhotoDiodes Avalanche PhotoDiodes
  • MPPCs Multi-Pixel Photon Counters
  • Each light sensing device 206, 208 and 210 defines an acceptance cone 206a, 208a and 210a, respectively.
  • Each acceptance cone 206a, 208a and 210a has an acceptance cone axis J, K and L, respectively, as shown in Figs. 3A-3C and 4B .
  • acceptance cones 206a, 208a and 210a form different overlapping sensing volumes.
  • Acceptance cones 206a, 208a and 210a and their axes are very similar to acceptance cones 106a, 108a and 110a depicted in Fig. 2B for system 100.
  • Acceptance cones 206a, 208a and 210a and their respective acceptance axes J, K and L are shown in Fig. 4B .
  • light sensing device 206 is a forward scatter light sensing device and defines an acceptance cone 206a having an acceptance cone axis J.
  • Acceptance cone axis J and the emission cone axes E and F have an angle of coincidence ⁇ of 130 degrees, for example.
  • Acceptance cone 206a overlaps with first emission cone 202a and second emission cone 204a (204a is not shown in the view of Fig. 3A as it is overlapped by first emission cone 202a).
  • the overlap between acceptance cone 206a and first emission cone 202a defines a forward-scatter sensing volume 211.
  • light sensing device 208 is referred to as a mid-scatter or side-scatter light sensing device and defines an acceptance cone 208a having an acceptance cone axis K.
  • Acceptance cone axis K and emission cone axes E and F have an angle of coincidence ⁇ of 65 degrees, for example.
  • Acceptance cone 208a overlaps with first emission cone 202a and second emission cone 204a.
  • the overlap between acceptance cone 208a and first emission cone 202a defines a mid-scatter sensing volume 213.
  • the overlap between acceptance cone 208a and second emission cone 204a (and the sensing volume formed thereby) is not shown in the view of Fig.
  • this sensing volume would be directly in front of the overlap with emission cone 202a (which is shown).
  • the second sensing volume 213 between acceptance cone 208a and second emission cone 204a is, however, schematically shown in Fig. 6B .
  • light sensing device 210 is a backscatter light sensing device and defines an acceptance cone 210a that defines an acceptance cone axis L.
  • Emission cone axis E of emission cone 202a is extending out of the page as oriented in Fig. 3C .
  • Acceptance cone 210a overlaps with emission cone 202a and, in the view of Fig. 3C due to the zero degree angle of coincidence, acceptance cone axis L and emission cone axis E appear co-linear.
  • Acceptance cone 210a overlaps with first emission cone 202a and second emission cone 204a.
  • the overlap between acceptance cone 210a and first emission cone 202a defines a back-scatter sensing volume 215.
  • a similar back-scatter sensing volume is formed between acceptance cone 210a and second emission cone 204a, but is not shown for sake of clarity.
  • angling at least one of emission cone axes E and F of the light sources 202 and 204 toward the mid and forward light sensing devices 206 and 208, respectively, will increase the forward and mid sensing volumes because of the increase in the overlap between the emission cones 202a and 204a and acceptance cones 206a and 208a.
  • the detection capability of system 200 even in cargo spaces such as those described above, provide robust detection capabilities to detect various particles and/or to discriminate between particle types.
  • Fig. 8A-8C showing a schematic view of the system of Figs. 3A-3C but with three-dimensional renderings of emission cones 202a and 204a as they overlap with a given acceptance cone.
  • Fig. 8A shows emission cones 202a and 204a overlapping with acceptance cone 206a.
  • Fig. 8B shows emission cones 202a and 204a overlapping with acceptance cone 208a.
  • Fig. 8C shows emission cones 202a and 204a overlapping with acceptance cone 210a.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B provide a comparison of the sensing volumes between systems 100 and 200.
  • System 100 is depicted in Fig. 6A and system 200 is depicted in Fig. 6B .
  • Fig. 6B by having the emission cones 202a and 204a of light sources 202 and 204 angled toward the light sensing devices, sensing via the mid-scatter light sensing device 208, can be better achieved as compared with system 100. This is because there is a better overlap between the emission cones 202a and 204a (only cone 204a is shown for sake of simplicity) and the acceptance cone 208a than compared with system 100.
  • Figs. 7A and 7B show how the distribution of light intensity from the respective light sources and light-sensor sensitivity form their respective sensing volumes.
  • Fig. 6C shows emission cone 202a and forward-scatter acceptance cone 206a.
  • Emission cone 202a defines an emission cone axis E and acceptance cone 206a defines an acceptance cone axis J. Acceptance cone 206a overlaps with first emission cone 202a and second emission cone 204a.
  • Emission cone 204a is not shown in Fig. 6C , but is shown in 6B and 4A, for example.
  • Fig. 6C depicts the intersection of acceptance cone axis J and emission cone axis E as viewed from a bottom side of housing 201.
  • An angle ⁇ between the emission cone axis and the acceptance cone axis is between zero and 180 degrees. In the embodiment of Fig. 6C , angle ⁇ is approximately 15 degrees. Angle ⁇ may vary depending on the spacing between light sources and light sensing devices.
  • axes E and J are as shown as a 2-dimensional projection on the plane of the paper (this 2D projection is the same for all figures described as being “bottom views” of the system/detector). While emission cone axis E and acceptance cone axis J are shown as intersecting when viewed from the bottom side, they may or may not intersect one another in three dimensional space. By having the emission cones 202a and 204a of light sources 202 and 204 angled toward the light sensing devices, sensing via the forward-scatter light sensing device 206 (and for back-scatter sensing device 210), can be better achieved as compared with system 100.
  • emission cone axis F and acceptance cone axis L at least between emission cone axis F and acceptance cone axis L, between emission cone axis Z and acceptance cone axes W, X and Y, between emission cone axis A 1 and acceptance cone axes W, X and Y, between emission cone axis Q and acceptance cone axes M and O, between emission cone axis V and acceptance cone axis R, between emission cone axis U and acceptance cone axis T.
  • System 400 is similar to systems 100 and 200 except that instead of having a light sensing device between two light sources, light sensing devices 406, 408 and 410 are aligned with one another and oriented off to one side of two light sources 402 and 404. Light sources 402 and 404 are positioned next to one another. Each light source 402 and 404 defines a respective emission cone 402a and 404a, respectively.
  • System 400 includes a housing 401 having a bottom surface 403 that includes apertures 416, 418, 420, 422 and 424 associated with the given light sources 402 and 404 and light sensing devices 406, 408 and 410, respectively, similar to system 100 described above.
  • Light sensing devices 406, 408 and 410 and their respective apertures 420, 422 and 424 share a common centerline axis A.
  • processor 412 is operatively connected to the light sensing devices 406, 408 and 410 and is configured to evaluate the scattered light for presence of one or more conditions, such as presence of solid objects, nuisance particulates, smoke particulates, and indoor air quality particulates in a monitored space 407, similar to processor 112.
  • the light sensing devices 406, 408 and 410 are configured to measure signals, as described above with respect to systems 100 and 200.
  • Each light sensing device 406, 408 and 410 defines a respective acceptance cone 406a, 408a and 410a, respectively.
  • Each acceptance cone 406a, 408a and 110a has an acceptance cone axis W, X and Y, respectively.
  • the overlap of the field of view, e.g. acceptance cones 406a, 408a and 410a, with the first and second emission cones 402a and 404a form different overlapping sensing volumes 411, 413 and 415, respectively.
  • Each emission cone 402a and 404a define an acceptance cone axes Z and A 1 , respectively.
  • the overlap of the field of view, e.g. overlap of acceptance cones 406a, 408a and 410a, with the first emission cone 402a form different overlapping sensing volumes 411, 413 and 415, respectively.
  • Similar sensing volumes are also formed by the overlap of the acceptance cones 406a, 408a and 410a with the second emission cone 404a (which are not shown for sake of clarity). Ultimately, for the embodiments shown and described herein, in 3D space there will be a total of six different sensing volumes, some of which may overlap with one another.
  • light sensing device 406 is a forward scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 106.
  • Acceptance cone 406a overlaps with first emission cone 402a and second emission cone 404a the overlap defines forward-scatter sensing volumes 411.
  • sensing volume 411 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 406a and first emission cone 402a is shown in Fig. 10A .
  • light sensing device 408 is a mid-scatter or side-scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 108.
  • Acceptance cone 408a overlaps with first emission cone 402a and second emission cone 404a to define mid-scatter sensing volumes 413.
  • sensing volume 413 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 408a and first emission cone 402a is shown in Fig. 10B .
  • light sensing device 410 is a back-scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 110.
  • Acceptance cone 410a overlaps with first emission cone 402a and second emission cone 404a.
  • the overlap defines back-scatter sensing volumes 415.
  • sensing volume 415 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 410a and first emission cone 402a is shown in Fig. 10C .
  • the backscatter sensing volumes 415 are truncated and allow for better sensing at a close region instead of extending into the entire environment.
  • angling the acceptance cone axes W and X of the light sensing devices 406 and 408 toward the emission cone axes A 1 and Z will increase the forward and mid sensing volumes, 411 and 413, respectively, because of the increased overlap between the emission and acceptance cones.
  • System 500 is similar to systems 100 and 200 except that instead of having light sensing devices and/or their associated apertures along the same central axis A, light sensing devices 506 and 508 are aligned with one another in one direction but offset from light sensing device 510.
  • Light sources 502 and 504 are positioned on either side of light sensing device 510. Each light source 502 and 504 defines an emission cone 502a and 504a, respectively.
  • Emission cone 502a defines an acceptance cone axis P and emission cone 504a defines an acceptance cone axis Q.
  • a housing 501 includes a bottom surface 503 having apertures 516, 518, 520, 522 and 524 associated with the given light sources 502 and 504 and light sensing devices 506, 508 and 510, respectively, similar to system 100 described above.
  • Light sensing devices 506 and 508 and the light source 502 share a common centerline axis A.
  • the light sensing devices 506, 508 and 510 are configured to measure signals, similar to that described above with respect to systems 100 and 200.
  • Each light sensing device 506, 508 and 510 defines a respective acceptance cone 506a, 508a and 510a, respectively.
  • Each acceptance cone 506a, 508a and 510a has a respective central axis M, N and O, respectively.
  • a processor 512 is operatively connected to the light sensing devices 506, 508 and 510 and is configured to evaluate the scattered light for presence of one or more conditions, such as presence of solid objects, nuisance particulates, smoke particulates, and indoor air quality particulates in a monitored space 507, similar to processor 112.
  • the overlap of the field of view, e.g. acceptance cones 506a, 508a and 510a, with the first and second emission cones 502a and 504a form different overlapping sensing volumes 511, 513 and 515, respectively.
  • the overlap of the field of view, e.g. acceptance cones 506a, 508a and 510a, with the first cone 502a form different overlapping sensing volumes 511, 513 and 515, respectively.
  • Similar sensing volumes are also formed by the overlap of the acceptance cones 506a, 508a and 510a with the second emission cone 504a (which are not shown for sake of clarity).
  • light sensing device 506 is a forward scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 106.
  • Acceptance cone 506a overlaps with first emission cone 502a and second emission cone 504a.
  • the overlaps define respective forward-scatter sensing volumes 511.
  • Fig. 12A only shows sensing volume 511 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 506a and first emission cone 502a.
  • light sensing device 508 is a mid-scatter or side-scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 108.
  • Acceptance cone 508a overlaps with first emission cone 502a and second emission cone 504a to define mid-scatter sensing volumes 513.
  • Fig. 12B only shows sensing volume 513 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 508a and first emission cone 502a.
  • light sensing device 510 is a backscatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 110.
  • Acceptance cone 510a overlaps with first emission cone 502a and second emission cone 504a.
  • the overlap defines back-scatter sensing volumes 515.
  • Fig. 12C only shows sensing volume 515 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 510a and first emission cone 502a.
  • the mid-scatter and forward scatter sensing volumes for light source 502 will be increased (due to an increase in the overlap of emission cone 502a with acceptance cones 506a and 508a) as compared to system 100.
  • the mid-scatter and forward scatter sensing volume for light source 504 will be reduced (due to a decrease in the overlap of emission cone 504a with acceptance cones 506a and 508a).
  • angling light source 504 and/or its respective emission cone 504a, and/or aperture 518 towards one or more of the forward and mid light sensing devices 506 and 508, will increase the mid-scatter and forward scatter sensing volumes for the light source 504, as compared to a similar system with the light source 504 aligned parallel with centerline axis A.
  • angling light source 504, its respective emission cone 504a, and/or its aperture 518, towards the backscatter light sensing device 510 and/or its respective acceptance cone 510a e.g.
  • the backscatter sensing volume 515 for light source 504 will be truncated and allow for better sensing at a close region instead of extending into the entire environment.
  • FIG. 13A another embodiment of a system for particulate detecting and monitoring 600 is shown.
  • System 600 is similar to system 500 except that the backscatter light sensing device 610 and/or its respective acceptance cone 610a is angled towards the emission cone axis of light source 602.
  • Each light source 602 and 604 defines an emission cone 602a and 604a, respectively.
  • Emission cone 602a defines an emission cone axis U
  • emission cone 604a defines an emission cone axis V.
  • Housing 601 has a bottom surface 603 that includes apertures 616, 618, 620, 622 and 624 associated with the given light sources 602 and 604 and light sensing devices 606, 608 and 610, respectively, similar to system 100 described above.
  • Light sensing devices 606 and 608 and light source 602 share a common centerline axis A.
  • the light sensing devices 606, 608 and 610 are configured to measure signals, similar to that described above with respect to systems 100 and 200.
  • Each light sensing device 606, 608 and 610 defines an acceptance cone 606a, 608a and 610a, respectively.
  • Each acceptance cone 606a, 608a and 610a has an emission cone axes R, S and T, respectively.
  • acceptance cone axis T is angled with respect to axis U of light source 602.
  • Processor 612 is operatively connected to the light sensing devices 606, 608 and 610 and is configured to evaluate the scattered light for presence of one or more conditions, such as presence of solid objects, nuisance particulates, smoke particulates, and indoor air quality particulates in a monitored space 607, similar to processor 112.
  • the overlap of acceptance cones 606a, 608a and 610a, with first emission cone 602a forms different sensing volumes 611, 613 and 615, respectively. Similar sensing volumes are also formed by the overlap of the acceptance cones 606a, 608a and 610a with the second emission cone 604a (which are not shown in most of the views for sake of clarity). Ultimately, in 3D space there will be a total of six different sensing volumes, some of which may overlap with one another.
  • light sensing device 606 is a forward scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 106.
  • Acceptance cone 606a overlaps with first emission cone 602a and second emission cone 604a to define forward-scatter sensing volumes 611.
  • Fig. 14A only shows sensing volume 611 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 606a and first emission cone 602a.
  • light sensing device 608 is a mid-scatter or side-scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 108.
  • Acceptance cone 608a overlaps with first emission cone 602a and second emission cone 604a to define mid-scatter sensing volumes 613.
  • Fig. 14B only shows sensing volume 613 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 608a and first emission cone 602a.
  • light sensing device 610 is a back-scatter light sensing device, similar to light sensing device 110.
  • Acceptance cone 610a overlaps with first emission cone 602a and second emission cone 604a. The overlap defines back-scatter sensing volumes 615.
  • Fig. 14C only shows sensing volume 615 defined by the overlap of acceptance cone 610a and first emission cone 602a.
  • the mid-scatter and forward scatter sensing volumes, 613 and 611, respectively, for light source 602 will be increased (due to an increase in the overlap of emission cone 602a with acceptance cones 606a and 608a) as compared to system 100.
  • the mid-scatter and forward scatter sensing volume for light source 604 will be reduced (due to a decrease in the overlap of emission cone 604a with acceptance cones 606a and 608a).
  • angling light source 604, its respective emission cone 604a, and/or aperture 618 towards one or more of the forward and mid light sensing devices 606 and 608, their respective emission cone 606a and 608a, and/or their associated apertures 620 and 622, will increase the mid-scatter and forward scatter sensing volumes, 613 and 611, respectively, for light source 604, as compared to a system with light source 604 aligned parallel with centerline axis A, as viewed from the bottom view of Fig. 13A .
  • the backscatter sensing volume 615 for light source 602 will be truncated and allow for better sensing at a close region instead of extending into the entire environment.
  • a method 300 of operating a system for particulate monitoring includes emitting light from one or more light sources, e.g. light sources 102, 104, 202, 204, 402, 404, 502, 504, 602, or 604, of the system into a monitored space, as indicated schematically by box 302.
  • Emitting light from the light sources includes emitting light from two light sources as respective emission cones, e.g. emission cones, 102a and 104a, 202a and 204a, 402a and 404a, 502a and 504a, or 602a and 604a.
  • Emitting light from the light sources includes emitting a first light having a first wavelength from one of the light sources and emitting a second light having a second wavelength from the other one of the light sources.
  • the first wavelength is in at least one of the UV spectrum or the visible spectrum
  • the second wavelength is in at least one of the visible spectrum or the IR spectrum. It is contemplated that with any of systems 100-600, any of light sources can switch their wavelength being emitted back and forth, e.g. a light source can emit light in the UV spectrum and then switch to IR, or vice a versa.
  • the method 300 can include polarizing light entering into at least one of light sensing devices, e.g. light sensing devices 106, 108, 110, 206, 208, 210, 406, 408, 410, 506, 508, 510, 606, 608, and/or 610, and/or the light sources with a polarizing filter, e.g. polarizing filter 114, as indicated schematically by box 304.
  • Polarized light refers to the orientation of the electric field with respect to a scattering plane formed by the emission cone axis of the emission cone and the acceptance cone axis of the acceptance cone.
  • the light sources can emit polarized light with the electric field oriented parallel to the scattering plane, perpendicular to the scattering plane or at an arbitrary angle.
  • the polarizing filter on one or more of light sensing devices can be oriented to accept light polarized with a particular orientation.
  • a polarizing filter can be placed in front of one or more of the light sources, e.g. LEDs, to ensure the emitted light is polarized with a given orientation.
  • the filters are physically placed in a plane perpendicular to the emission cone axis of the emission cone for the light source and the acceptance cone axis of the acceptance cone for the sensing devices, however placement in other orientations is permitted, e.g. for ease of manufacturability, but performance may be sacrificed.
  • Light scattering by a material is polarization dependent for most materials.
  • the orientation of the polarizing filter on the light sources and light sensing devices are oriented to enhance the differences between particulate scattering of interest and nuisances such as bugs, dust or solid objects such as cargo containers.
  • method 300 includes discriminating between airborne particle types using the polarizing filter, as indicated schematically by box 306.
  • the method 300 includes detecting scattered light with the light sensing devices of the system, e.g. light sensing devices 106, 108, 110, 206, 208, 210, 406, 408, 410, 506, 508, 510, 606, 608, and/or 610, as indicated schematically by box 308.
  • the detection of scattered light is indicative of one or more indoor air quality conditions in the monitored space.
  • the method includes determining and monitoring for target gases, particulate contaminants, microbial contaminants or other conditions, in addition to smoke, based on the detected scattered light, as indicated schematically by box 310.
  • embodiments of the present invention can include more or less light sources and/or light sensing devices than shown in the figures. For example, in some embodiments, only mid- and back-scatter light sensing devices may be used. Additionally, for example, multi-color light sources that switch between two different colors (e.g. wavelengths) can be used, resulting in only one light source being needed.
  • housing e.g. housing 101, while shown with a circular cross-section, could also be rectangular in shape and have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the transmitted light (e.g. from LEDs 102, 104, 202, 204, 402, 404, 502, 504, 602 and/or 604) excites fluorescent particles, such as mold or pollen particles or other microbial contaminants, in the space.
  • the light sensing devices e.g. 106, 108, 110, 206, 208, 210, 406, 408, 410, 506, 508, 510, 606, 608, and/or 610, of the systems 100, 200, 400, 500 and/or 600, are utilized to sense light emitted (e.g. scattered/fluoresced back) from the fluorescent particles.
  • one or more bandpass filters may be used in conjunction with one or more of the light sensing devices, e.g. 106, 108, 110, 206, 208, 210, 406, 408, 410, 506, 508, 510, 606, 608, and/or 610, to allow detection of only the fluoresced light. It is also contemplated that, for some embodiments, bandpass filters can also be used to block out ambient light but allow scattered light (not fluoresced) through to the light sensing devices. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized to detect or monitor the space for the presence of gaseous species in the space.
  • the target gaseous species may include CO, radon, H 2 S, VOCs, refrigerants, hydrocarbons and/or the like.
  • systems 100, 200, 400, 500 and/or 600 are configured to detect an ambient light level in the space to improve sensitivity and reliability of detecting smoke and for other indoor air quality monitoring and detection.
  • the embodiments disclosed herein allow for systems 100, 200, 400, 500 and/or 600 to detect and monitor other indoor air quality conditions, such as target gases, particulate contaminants, microbial contaminants and/or other conditions, in addition to smoke. This eliminates the need for additional, separately powered indoor air quality sensors to be utilized in the same space in which the smoke detector is placed, resulting in substantial consumer and business cost savings.

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Claims (12)

  1. Kammerloses System (100) zur Erkennung und Überwachung partikulärer Stoffe, umfassend:
    mindestens zwei Lichtquellen (102, 104, 102a, 104a, 202, 204, 502, 504, 602, 604), die jeweils dazu konfiguriert sind, Licht in einen überwachten Raum zu emittieren, wobei mindestens eine der Lichtquellen dazu konfiguriert ist, einen entsprechenden Emissionskegel zu emittieren, der eine entsprechende Emissionskegelachse aufweist;
    mindestens zwei Lichtsensorvorrichtungen (106, 108, 110, 206, 208, 210, 506, 508, 510, 606, 608, 610), die dazu konfiguriert sind, gestreutes Licht aufzunehmen, wobei mindestens eine der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen einen entsprechenden Öffnungskegel definiert, der eine entsprechende Öffnungskegelachse aufweist, wobei mindestens eine aus der Emissionskegelachse des Emissionskegels oder der Öffnungskegelachse der Lichtsensorvorrichtung zur anderen abgewinkelt ist, und wobei mindestens eine der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen zwischen zwei der mindestens zwei Lichtquellen angeordnet ist; und
    einen Prozessor (112), der in Wirkverbindung mit der mindestens einen Lichtsensorvorrichtungen steht, um das gestreute Licht auf das Vorliegen von partikulären Stoffen in dem überwachten Raum auszuwerten.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Emissionskegelachse mindestens einer der Lichtquellen und die Öffnungskegelachse mindestens einer der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen einander von einer Unterseite eines Detektorgehäuses aus gesehen schneiden.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei ein Winkel zwischen der Emissionskegelachse und der Öffnungskegelachse zwischen Null und 180 Grad beträgt.
  4. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Emissionskegelachse der Lichtquellen und die Öffnungskegelachse der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen in allen Dimensionen parallel sind.
  5. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Lichtquellen dazu konfiguriert sind, Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen zu emittieren.
  6. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine erste Lichtquelle der Lichtquellen dazu konfiguriert ist, Licht mit einer ersten Wellenlänge in mindestens einem aus einem UV-Spektrum oder einem sichtbaren Spektrum zu emittieren, und optional wobei eine zweite Lichtquelle der Lichtquellen dazu konfiguriert ist, Licht mit einer zweiten Wellenlänge in mindestens einem aus dem sichtbaren Spektrum oder einem IR-Spektrum zu emittieren.
  7. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, ferner einen Polarisationsfilter (114) umfassend, der optisch mit mindestens einer der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen oder der Lichtquellen gekoppelt ist.
  8. System nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Prozessor dazu konfiguriert ist, mindestens eines aus gestreutem Licht oder Fluoreszenz auszuwerten, um mindestens eines aus Zielgasen, Feststoffen, partikulären Verunreinigungsstoffen, PM2,5, PM10, mikrobiellen Verunreinigungsstoffen oder Rauch zu erkennen und darauf zu überwachen.
  9. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines kammerlosen Systems (100) zur Erkennung und Überwachung partikulärer Stoffe, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    Emittieren von Licht aus mindestens zwei Lichtquellen (102, 104, 102a, 104a, 202, 204, 502, 504, 602, 604) des Systems in einen überwachten Raum,
    wobei das Emittieren von Licht das Emittieren von Licht aus jeder der Lichtquellen als entsprechende Emissionskegel beinhaltet, wobei jeder Emissionskegel eine Emissionskegelachse beinhaltet; und
    Erkennen von gestreutem Licht mit mindestens zwei Lichtsensorvorrichtungen (106, 108, 110, 206, 208, 210, 506, 508, 510, 606, 608, 610) des Systems, wobei mindestens eine der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen einen entsprechenden Öffnungskegel definiert, der eine Öffnungskegelachse aufweist, wobei mindestens eine aus der Emissionskegelachse des Emissionskegels oder der Öffnungskegelachse der Lichtsensorvorrichtung zur anderen abgewinkelt ist, und, wobei mindestens eine der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen zwischen zwei der mindestens zwei Lichtquellen angeordnet ist; und
    wobei die Erkennung von gestreutem Licht das Vorliegen von partikulären Stoffen in dem überwachten Raum anzeigt.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
    wobei die Emissionskegelachse mindestens einer der Lichtquellen und die Öffnungskegelachse mindestens einer der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen einander von einer Unterseite eines Detektorgehäuses aus gesehen schneiden und/oder wobei ein Winkel zwischen der Emissionskegelachse und der Öffnungskegelachse zwischen Null und 180 Grad beträgt.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10,
    wobei das Emittieren von Licht aus den Lichtquellen das Emittieren eines ersten Lichts, das eine erste Wellenlänge aufweist, aus einer der Lichtquellen, wobei die erste Wellenlänge in mindestens einem aus einem UV-Spektrum oder einem sichtbaren Spektrum liegt, und das Emittieren eines zweiten Lichts, das eine zweite Wellenlänge aufweist, aus einer anderen der Lichtquellen, wobei die zweite Wellenlänge in mindestens einem aus dem sichtbaren Spektrum oder dem IR-Spektrum liegt, beinhaltet.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, 10 oder 11, ferner mindestens eines der Folgenden umfassend:
    (i) Polarisieren von Licht, das in mindestens eine der Lichtsensorvorrichtungen eintritt, mit einem Polarisationsfilter (114); oder
    (ii) Polarisieren von Licht, das aus mindestens einer der Lichtquellen austritt, mit einem Polarisationsfilter (114); und optional
    ferner umfassend das Bestimmen und Überwachen mindestens eines aus Zielgasen, Feststoffen, partikulären Verunreingungsstoffen, mikrobiellen Verunreinigungsstoffen oder Rauch.
EP18176082.8A 2017-06-05 2018-06-05 Systeme und verfahren zur kammerlosen raucherkennung und überwachung der raumluftqualität Active EP3413280B1 (de)

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US201762515039P 2017-06-05 2017-06-05
US201762517614P 2017-06-09 2017-06-09
PCT/US2017/037659 WO2017218763A1 (en) 2016-06-15 2017-06-15 Smoke detection methodology
US15/871,931 US10852233B2 (en) 2016-06-15 2018-01-15 Systems and methods for chamberless smoke detection and indoor air quality monitoring
US15/967,502 US10871452B2 (en) 2016-06-15 2018-04-30 Systems and methods for chamberless smoke detection and indoor air quality monitoring

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DE10118913B4 (de) * 2001-04-19 2006-01-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Streulichtrauchmelder
GB0519323D0 (en) * 2005-09-22 2005-11-02 Bann John R Scattering centre detector assembly and method
EP3029648A1 (de) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-08 Siemens Schweiz AG Streulichtrauchmelder mit zwei zweifarbigen Leuchtdioden und einem gemeinsamen Photosensor oder mit einer zweifarbigen Leuchtdiode und mit zwei Photosensoren jeweils in einer Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsstreulichtanordnung

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