EP3408880A1 - Method for producing ceramic cathode layers on current collectors - Google Patents
Method for producing ceramic cathode layers on current collectorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3408880A1 EP3408880A1 EP16819818.2A EP16819818A EP3408880A1 EP 3408880 A1 EP3408880 A1 EP 3408880A1 EP 16819818 A EP16819818 A EP 16819818A EP 3408880 A1 EP3408880 A1 EP 3408880A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- coating
- cobalt
- reducing atmosphere
- ceramic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RJEIKIOYHOOKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[La] Chemical compound [Li].[La] RJEIKIOYHOOKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 56
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical group [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZWGXFOSKIHUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);propanoate Chemical class [Co+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O TZWGXFOSKIHUPW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001659 ion-beam spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXMOZGKEVIBBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;propanoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCC([O-])=O AXMOZGKEVIBBCF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009766 low-temperature sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMIODHQZRUFFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxyacetic acid Chemical compound COCC(O)=O RMIODHQZRUFFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(v) ethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Nb](OCC)(OCC)(OCC)OCC ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/664—Ceramic materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a novel production method of ceramic cathode layers on current collectors, in particular for lithium-ion batteries.
- Li-ion batteries One of the most commonly used cathode materials in commercial lithium-ion batteries is currently lithium cobalt dioxide, hereinafter referred to as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), due to its high storage capacity and good electrochemical behavior.
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- this material is first mixed in powder form with conductive carbon, such as graphite or carbon black, and a polymeric binder, such as polyvinylidene fluoride, which, inter alia, helps to compensate for the volume change during charging and discharging of the active material rolled in the form of a paste on a metal foil, which serves as a current collector.
- an organic, liquid eg, lithium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene and dimethyl carbonate
- polymer eg, lithium salts in polyethylene oxide
- the cathode and the electrolyte consist of a ceramic solid, which, combined with an anode made of metallic lithium or a lithium-absorbing solid, such as elemental silicon, a high degree of operational reliability, and a significantly improved cycle stability guaranteed.
- a prerequisite for the production of this type of batteries are process steps which enable both a sufficient densification of the functional layers and a good ionic and optionally electron-conducting connection within the layers and across the layer boundaries.
- the object of the invention is to provide a simple process for producing a ceramic all-layer cathode, without carbon-based additives for improving the electron and ion conductivity, for the construction of lithium-ion batteries.
- the inventive method should advantageously also allow a variable thickness of the prepared cathode layer, which can be applied to an electrically conductive substrate.
- the method according to the invention should also make it possible for the cathode layer to be advantageously produced without detrimentally damaging the electrically conductive substrate.
- the method should allow the cathode layer to be added to improve the achievable current densities with a solid electrolyte and thus deposited as a composite electrode.
- the object is achieved by a reactive low-temperature sintering of a ceramic material in a two-stage process with different reactor atmospheres.
- the coating of an electrically conductive carrier material is carried out with a coating suspension in the form of slips or pastes comprising the ceramic material.
- the coating can be done at room temperature. After removal of the solvent by drying below 200 ° C., a non-sintered layer, which may still contain organic binder portions, is given the so-called green sheet.
- this green sheet is subsequently heated in a reducing atmosphere.
- the ceramic material completely or partially converts into at least one reaction product, which can melt on further temperature increase up to 1200 ° C and thereby causes a compaction of the coating layer.
- the temperature should be increased to more than 100 ° C above the melting point of this reaction product in this consolidation or compression step to prevent thermal decomposition of further reaction products or irreversible change of the electrically conductive substrate.
- reaction product which is first melted and compacted in the first process step, is converted back into the starting composition of the ceramic material.
- This reoxidation step can be carried out either directly by a simple change of the atmosphere from reducing to oxidizing at the same temperature as in the first process step or by a separate process step in the temperature range between 400 ° C and 1200 ° C.
- the two process steps can be carried out in a reactor.
- the grain sizes of the ceramic powder used in the coating suspensions are in principle not limited. In the context of this invention, however, powders with a narrow particle size distribution whose D 50 values are less than 1 ⁇ m are used in order to obtain the highest possible densification of the cathode layers.
- a coating method for applying the ceramic layer with a uniform layer thickness on a metallic support can in principle all known methods such as casting, drawing, spin coating, dipping, ink jet or offset printing of these coating suspensions are used on the metallic current collectors.
- the layer thicknesses that can be achieved in this case are not subject to any restrictions.
- cathode layer As a ceramic material for the cathode layer, all previously conventional cathode materials, for example, calcium or alkali metal-containing iron, nickel and cobalt-based oxide ceramics, such as lithium cobalt oxide, can be used.
- the inventive method is not limited in principle to the sintering of cathode layers on electrically conductive metallic or ceramic substrates, but can also be used for the densification of ceramic moldings.
- the sintered ceramic material may also have a heterogeneous composition in the form of a composite, provided that at least a portion of the ceramic material in the reductive first process step can be converted into a meltable reaction product necessary for consolidation and sintering.
- the coating of a metallic Marshmate- rials with a coating suspension in the form of slips or pastes comprising predominantly powdered, commercial lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCo0 2 ) takes place as a ceramic material, hereinafter referred to briefly lithium cobalt oxide or LCO.
- the coating can be done at room temperature. After removal of the solvent by drying below 200 ° C., a non-sintered organic binder content, if appropriate still containing organic binder, is obtained, the so-called green sheet.
- this green sheet is then heated in a reducing atmosphere, which optionally contains carbon dioxide, to temperatures of about 700 ° C.
- a reducing atmosphere which optionally contains carbon dioxide
- the trivalent cobalt in the lithium cobalt oxide is reduced completely or only to the surface of the powder grains to metallic cobalt.
- the by-product is lithium oxide, which is converted into lithium carbonate with carbon dioxide, which is either added to the reactor atmosphere or is generated in situ from the thermal decomposition of the binder constituents admixed in the coating suspension.
- the subsequently set sintering temperature should regularly be even higher, but below 1000 ° C, to suppress excessive thermal decomposition of the lithium carbonate and evaporation of the lithium oxide formed thereby. Otherwise, this would disadvantageously lead to lithium depletion of the resulting layer. Preference is therefore given to sintering temperatures below 850 ° C. and particularly preferably sintering temperatures of around 800 ° C.
- the metallic cobalt is oxidized back to cobalt oxide in a second step by adding oxygen, preferably in the reactor atmosphere, which reacts with the lithium carbonate in a solid state reaction with release of carbon dioxide to lithium cobalt oxide.
- This final reoxidation step can be carried out either directly by a simple change of the reactor atmosphere from reducing to oxidizing at the same temperature as in the first process step or by a separate process step in the temperature range between 400 ° C and 1000 ° C.
- the particle sizes of the lithium cobalt oxide powder used in the coating suspensions are in principle not restricted.
- powders with a narrow particle size distribution whose D 50 values are less than 1 ⁇ m are used in order to obtain the highest possible densification of the cathode layers.
- a coating method for applying the lithium cobalt oxide-based layer having a uniform layer thickness on a metallic support basically all known methods, such as casting, drawing, spin coating, dipping, ink jet or offset printing of these coating suspensions on the metallic current collectors can be used.
- the layer thicknesses which can be achieved in this case are in principle not limited.
- the coating suspension is additionally admixed with lithium and cobalt compounds or their salts, which are soluble in the suspending agent used.
- the melt of lithium carbonate and metallic cobalt required for consolidating the LCO layer in the first method step is predominantly formed from these compounds, so that Excessive or complete dissolution of the LCO powder grains is not necessary to consolidate the layer.
- these metal compounds in the coating suspensions regularly act as a binder, which provide the necessary compaction of the green sheets and thus makes the addition of organic binder systems superfluous.
- soluble salts of these metals such as, for example, nitrates, can be used here, but preferably carboxylates and particularly preferably propionates, which form carbon dioxide under pyrolysis under a reducing atmosphere and thus permit the formation of lithium carbonate.
- Carbon dioxide addition to the reducing atmosphere is not necessary in this case.
- carbon dioxide could alternatively be mixed with the reducing gas, for example the reactor gas, in the first part process, the reducing sintering, in order to ensure the formation of molten lithium carbonate.
- the reducing gas for example the reactor gas
- the proportions of the lithium and cobalt compounds admixed in the coating suspension should correspond here to the stoichiometric lithium to cobalt ratio of the LCO in order to obtain the greatest possible phase-pure product after the reoxidation in the second process step.
- the coating suspension but lithium in the form of the lithium compound used can also be mixed in a stoichiometric manner in order to compensate for any lithium losses.
- Different metals usually also have a different capacity for Li. This also applies to non-metals as a current collector.
- high temperatures above 800 ° C and long sintering time
- the mass fractions of these soluble lithium and cobalt compounds, or their salts in the coating suspension are basically not limited, but are typically between 5 and 30 wt .-%.
- About 20% by weight, based on the total mass of LCO, in the coating slip in the form of the lithium and cobalt compounds is preferably admixed, this solid fraction being calculated as the LCO mass equivalent after the reductive decomposition of these precursors and subsequent reoxidation.
- the amount by mass of only about 10 wt .-% is used to a To prevent excessive gas formation in the consolidation of the green sheets in the first process step, which can lead to the formation of cracks in the sintered layers.
- the coating suspension is admixed with a solid electrolyte, such as, for example, lithium niobate or lithium lanthanum zirconate, which improves the lithium ion conductivity within the sintered cathode layer and thus the achievable current densities of a battery equipped with this cathode increased to the same extent.
- a solid electrolyte such as, for example, lithium niobate or lithium lanthanum zirconate, which improves the lithium ion conductivity within the sintered cathode layer and thus the achievable current densities of a battery equipped with this cathode increased to the same extent.
- the proportion by weight of the solid electrolyte based on the LCO mass is basically not limited. But it should be below 50 wt .-% to ensure a sufficiently high capacity of the resulting cathode layer.
- the particle sizes of the solid electrolyte used are in principle not limited, but preference is given to powders having a narrow particle size distribution whose D 50 values are less than 1 m in order to obtain the highest possible distribution and thus effectiveness in the cathode layer. For this reason, however, particular preference is given to using nanoparticles of this compound which, in the form of a dispersion, can be mixed in a particularly simple manner with the coating suspension.
- the oxygen partial pressure in the reactor atmosphere in the reducing sintering in the first process step should be less than 1000 ppm, but preferably less than 1 ppm and more preferably less than 0.1 ppm.
- the oxygen content in the furnace gas in the reoxidation of the consolidated layers in the second process step should be greater than 1000 ppm, preferably greater than 10000 ppm, and more preferably greater than 100000 ppm.
- metals and their alloys can be used as current collector substrates which do not form any function-reducing reaction products during the sintering process and which have only a low or no absorption capacity for lithium.
- temperature and oxidation resistant stainless steels such as Aluchrom HF of material number 1.4767 or metallic chromium are used and more preferably thin films of 1.4767 which have been coated with a submicron chromium layer.
- the method is not limited to the production of sintered LCO layers on metallic carrier films, but can be used wherever a fusible reaction product is formed by a reductive conversion of a ceramic material, which is used to densify the material and in which subsequent reoxidation is re-formed back to the original composition.
- the sintered materials may be ceramic shaped bodies as well as layers on substrates of metallic or ceramic origin.
- a sintering of composite materials with a heterogeneous composition is also possible, with at least one component providing the meltable reaction product necessary for the consolidation in the reductive process step.
- these composite materials can also be produced by the use of soluble metal precursors in the coating suspensions which, after the pyrolytic decomposition and subsequent oxidation in the second process step, have a different composition than the second originally pulverulent component.
- An essential feature of the invention is the reactive consolidation of the deposited green sheets in the first process step, which requires a reductive reactor atmosphere. For this reason, careful adjustment and, if appropriate, monitoring of the oxygen partial pressure in the reactor gas is necessary in this process step. It should also be noted that the sintered lithium cobalt oxide layers are hygroscopic, so that they should be transported or stored under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the LCO layer is also admixed with a solid electrolyte to increase the achievable current densities in a lithium ion battery produced in the form of electrolyte nanoparticles.
- the synthesis of these nanoparticles can be carried out in a particularly simple manner by a sol-gel process, in the moisture-sensitive precursors are used. The person skilled in the art should therefore have facilities available that allow him to prepare these nanoparticles under protective gas.
- the sintered ceramic materials may be both ceramic shaped bodies and layers whose substrates are of metallic or ceramic origin.
- the sintered ceramic materials can have a heterogeneous composition in the form of a composite, wherein at least one component provides the meltable reaction product required for consolidation and sintering in the reductive first process step.
- a preparation according to the invention of firmly adhering sintered lithium cobalt oxide-based cathode layers on metallic current collector foils which still contain a solid electrolyte in the form of lithium niobate to increase the achievable current densities can be effected in a simple manner by spray coating of Aluchrom HF stainless steel foils of the material number 1.4767 with a thickness of 50 ⁇ , carried out over coating suspensions containing predominantly commercial LCO powder. This is followed by reactive consolidation at 800 ° C. under a reductive atmosphere and subsequent reoxidation with oxygen at the same temperature.
- the Aluchrom HF sheet was first sputtered by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering process first reactive with a 200 nm thick chromium nitride layer and then with an approximately 50 nm thick chromium layer.
- a particularly suitable for the coating slurry having a solids content of 35 wt .-% contains in addition to ground commercial LCO powder with a D 50 value of about 1 ⁇ and lithium niobate nanoparticles nor a mixture of lithium and cobalt propionates, the mass ratio of 80/10/10 wt .-% were used, wherein the solids content of the propionate precursor was calculated on the LCO mass equivalent after the reductive calcination and subsequent reoxidation of a stoichiometric mixture.
- the preparation of the required lithium niobate (LNO) nanoparticles which could be obtained directly as a stable dispersion via a microemulsion-supported synthesis, can be described as follows: For the synthesis of 100 g of a lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) - Dispersion having a typical solids content of 5% by weight, 0.235 g of metallic lithium and 10.763 g of freshly distilled niobium pentaethoxide are dissolved at room temperature under argon in 70.83 g of methanol.
- this moisture-sensitive precursor solution with a stoichiometric amount of water is carried out by slow dropwise addition of 18.173 g of a microemulsion consisting of 2.72% by weight of hexadecylamine, 3.57% by weight of methoxyacetic acid, 10.06% by weight. % of distilled water, 7.76 g of 1-pentanol and 75.89% by weight of cyclohexane.
- an optically isotropic, almost water-clear lithium niobate dispersion having a practically monodisperse particle size distribution and an average particle diameter of 3 nm is obtained directly.
- a coating suspension according to the invention having a solids content of 35% by weight For the preparation of 100 g of a coating suspension according to the invention having a solids content of 35% by weight, 28 g of commercial LCO powder which has been ground down by means of a ball mill to an average particle size of about 1 ⁇ m (D 50 value) are used , 34 g of cobalt (II) propionate and 3.29 g of lithium propionate (15 wt .-% excess to compensate for lithium losses during the sintering process) dissolved or suspended in about 50 g of methanol. 70 g of the lithium niobate dispersion having a solids content of 5% by weight are added dropwise to this suspension, and the mixture is stirred for about 24 hours.
- the reactive consolidation of the LCO green sheets is carried out in the first process step by rapidly heating the composite material to 800 ° C. in a gas-tight oven at a heating rate of about 20 ° C. s under flowing argon at a flow rate of about 10 cm / min and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.1 ppm.
- the composite sheet is aged for another 10 minutes at these conditions.
- FIG. 1 shows, in a scanning electron micrograph of a transverse section, the porous morphology of the sintered LCO / LNO composite cathode layer on the aluchome current collector.
- FIG. 2 shows the development of the specific storage capacity as a function of the number of cycles, whereby a capacity loss of 16% after 100 cycles could be observed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016000799.0A DE102016000799A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2016-01-27 | Process for the preparation of ceramic cathode layers on current collectors |
PCT/EP2016/002084 WO2017129209A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2016-12-09 | Method for producing ceramic cathode layers on current collectors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3408880A1 true EP3408880A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
Family
ID=57681542
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16819818.2A Pending EP3408880A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2016-12-09 | Method for producing ceramic cathode layers on current collectors |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10403881B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3408880A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7050674B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108475764B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016000799A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017129209A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018218412A1 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Method for producing a layer arrangement for a solid-state accumulator |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9391325B2 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2016-07-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Positive electrode active material, production method thereof and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
CN1150646C (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2004-05-19 | 上海交通大学 | Process for coating LiFeO2 on nickel oxide cathode of fused carbonate fuel battery |
GB0501590D0 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2005-03-02 | Ceres Power Ltd | Processing of enhanced performance LSCF fuel cell cathode microstructure and a fuel cell cathode |
US7540886B2 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2009-06-02 | Excellatron Solid State, Llc | Method of manufacturing lithium battery |
CN1983683A (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-06-20 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Positive electrode active material, production method thereof and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
DE102006030393A1 (en) * | 2006-07-01 | 2008-01-03 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Anode for a high temperature fuel cell comprises a porous ceramic structure with a first electron-conducting phase and a second ion-conducting phase containing yttrium or scandium-stabilized zirconium dioxide |
EP2048262B1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2018-09-12 | JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Lithium-containing transition metal oxide target, process for producing the same and method for producing lithium ion thin-film secondary battery |
JP2010170854A (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-08-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method of manufacturing positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, positive electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and nonaqueous electrolyte battery |
JP5646088B1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2014-12-24 | ユミコア ソシエテ アノニムUmicore S.A. | High density and high voltage stable cathode materials for secondary batteries |
DE102011050461A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Chemical Consulting Dornseiffer CCD GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dr. Jürgen Dornseiffer, 52070 Aachen) | A method for producing a semiconductor ceramic material for a non-linear PTC resistor, semiconductor ceramic material and a semiconductor device |
FR2982084B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2013-11-22 | Fabien Gaben | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BATTERY ELECTRODES ENTIRELY SOLID |
JP5828304B2 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-12-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Composite active material, solid battery, and method for producing composite active material |
CN103000880B (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2016-05-18 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | Positive electrode and preparation method thereof and the lithium ion battery that comprises this positive electrode |
CN103606648A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-02-26 | 江苏天鹏电源有限公司 | High-specific-capacity favorable-cyclicity lithium ion battery |
KR20160124200A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-10-26 | 제이엑스금속주식회사 | LiCoO2 SPUTTERING TARGET, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR, AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL THIN FILM |
-
2016
- 2016-01-27 DE DE102016000799.0A patent/DE102016000799A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-09 EP EP16819818.2A patent/EP3408880A1/en active Pending
- 2016-12-09 US US16/066,321 patent/US10403881B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-09 CN CN201680076545.8A patent/CN108475764B/en active Active
- 2016-12-09 WO PCT/EP2016/002084 patent/WO2017129209A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-12-09 JP JP2018529211A patent/JP7050674B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2019507458A (en) | 2019-03-14 |
WO2017129209A1 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
JP7050674B2 (en) | 2022-04-08 |
DE102016000799A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
US20190013512A1 (en) | 2019-01-10 |
CN108475764B (en) | 2021-09-14 |
US10403881B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
CN108475764A (en) | 2018-08-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11682789B2 (en) | Environmentally preferable method of making solid electrolyte and integration of metal anodes thereof | |
EP2760069B1 (en) | Electrode material and electrode | |
EP3925023B1 (en) | Solid state battery and method for producing same | |
DE112014000685T5 (en) | Electrode materials with a synthetic solid electrolyte interface | |
EP3308417B1 (en) | Method for producing nanostructured layers | |
DE102016015191B3 (en) | Lithium-ion solid-state accumulator and method for producing the same | |
JP2014238957A (en) | Positive electrode active material powder, and manufacturing method thereof | |
DE102013216814A1 (en) | Positive Active Electrode Material, Method for Producing Same and Rechargeable Nonaqueous Electrolyte Battery Having the same | |
DE102011121236A1 (en) | Solid electrolyte for use in lithium-air or lithium-water storage batteries | |
DE112015002533T5 (en) | Copper-containing silicon material, process for its production, negative-electrode active material and secondary battery | |
DE112019006365T5 (en) | ALL-SOLID-STATE BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT | |
DE102010018041A1 (en) | A carbonaceous composite containing an oxygen-containing lithium transition metal compound | |
DE112015002524T5 (en) | Nano-silicon material, process for producing the same and negative electrode of a secondary battery | |
DE112015004276T5 (en) | MSix-CONTAINING SILICONE MATERIAL (M IS AT LEAST ONE ITEM SELECTED FROM GROUP 3 TO 9 ELEMENTS: 1/3 ≤ x ≤ 3) AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF | |
DE112021007772T5 (en) | ION CONDUCTING SOLID AND SOLID BATTERY | |
EP3408880A1 (en) | Method for producing ceramic cathode layers on current collectors | |
WO2007125026A2 (en) | Method for the production of a coating of a porous, electrically conductive support material with a dielectric, and production of capacitors having high capacity density with the aid of said method | |
CN115084418A (en) | Electrode for solid-state battery and solid-state battery provided with same | |
EP3678990B1 (en) | Process for producing particulate carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate, carbon coated lithiumiron phosphate and its uses | |
WO2020091723A1 (en) | Environmentally preferable method of making solid electrolyte and integration of metal anodes thereof | |
EP2135266A1 (en) | Method for the production of a coating of a porous, electrically conductive carrier material with a dielectric | |
DE102019200440A1 (en) | Method for producing an electrode for a solid-state accumulator | |
WO2023247072A1 (en) | Method for producing silicon electrodes as anodes for lithium ion batteries and a silicon electrode produced using same | |
DE112022003402T5 (en) | SOLID-STATE BATTERY | |
DE102018218412A1 (en) | Method for producing a layer arrangement for a solid-state accumulator |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20180621 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230418 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |