EP3406502B1 - Balise pour une voie ferrée - Google Patents

Balise pour une voie ferrée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3406502B1
EP3406502B1 EP17172467.7A EP17172467A EP3406502B1 EP 3406502 B1 EP3406502 B1 EP 3406502B1 EP 17172467 A EP17172467 A EP 17172467A EP 3406502 B1 EP3406502 B1 EP 3406502B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
loop
transmitter
balise
receiver
extra
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Application number
EP17172467.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3406502A1 (fr
Inventor
Anders Rehn
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Alstom Holdings SA
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Alstom Holdings SA
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Priority to EP17172467.7A priority Critical patent/EP3406502B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121—Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a balise to be arranged between two rails of a railway track to transmit data to antennas mounted beneath railway vehicles passing the balise, said balise comprising
  • balise is known through FR 2 873 341 A1 .
  • balises are distributed along railway tracks to send information from the track side to passing trains enabling safe control of the traffic on the railway tracks through use of this information by automatic supervising systems on board the trains (railway vehicles) moving on the railway tracks.
  • automatic supervising system is defined as an ATP (Automatic Train Protection) system, and it may for instance operate according to the European standard ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System).
  • ERTMS European Standard Rail Traffic Management System
  • the link between the balise and an ATP antenna on the train is based on magnetic coupling, which means that the balise and said antenna constitute an air transformer whenever the antenna is located above or in direct vicinity of the balise.
  • This link is bi-directional, and the down link from the transmitter on the railway vehicle transmits power to the balise by magnetic induction of the receiver loop of the balise, whereas the uplink transmits data to the ATP system on board the railway vehicle by the use of the transmitter loop of the balise through the balise transmitter powered by the electric power received by the receiver loop.
  • balises are characterized by low efficiency, and in known balises only a small fraction of the magnetic flux transmitted by the ATP antenna is absorbed by the receiver loop of the balise and the same low efficiency is true for said uplink.
  • the transmitter on board the railway vehicle has to generate an unproportionally strong magnetic field to power the transmitter of the balise properly, which results in heat problems in the transmitter due to high currents and by that losses therein.
  • the receiver on board the railway vehicle is made very sensitive to be able to absorb the data transmitted from the balise, which makes said receiver susceptible to noise.
  • the balise has to have a substantial size to maximise the magnetic flux passing through it, making it costly to manufacture.
  • the size of balises known also constitutes a problem when work is to be carried out for maintenance of the railway tracks, such as on the bedding of the sleepers.
  • a possibility to reduce the size of a balise would be to arrange the receiver loop tuned to another frequency than the transmitter loop to run inside the transmitter loop. However, when the current runs in the transmitter loop it would then induce a current in the receiver loop. This induced current will have the same frequency as the current in the transmitter loop but it would be out of phase. This induced current in the receiver loop would generate a magnetic field that affects the field generated by the transmitter loop. The combined effect of this is a weakened field for the transmission of data from the balise to the ATP antenna by the transmitter loop of the balise. Thus, this way of reducing the size of the balise seems inappropriate.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a balise of the type defined in the introduction being improved with respect to such balises already known by reducing the cross coupling between the transmitter loop and the receiver loop and by that addressing the size problem thereof mentioned above in a favourable way.
  • the transmitter loop extends along the receiver loop making it possible to give the balise an attractive size, and this is enabled without suffering from the drawbacks of weakened transmission mentioned above by providing the transmitter loop at at least one location therealong with at least one extra turn, which encloses an area being a fraction of the area enclosed by the transmitter loop and is designed to have current flowing through the transmitter loop running through said extra turn while generating a magnetic field felt by the receiver loop being opposed to a magnetic field felt by receiver loop through the current running through the part of the transmitter loop not belonging to a said extra turn, said fraction being less than 5 %, said at least one extra turn being located closer to the receiver loop than the average distance of the transmitter loop to the receiver loop and the average distance of said at least one extra turn to the receiver loop being less than 0.5, of the average distance of the transmitter loop to the receiver loop.
  • the current in the transmitter loop not belonging to the extra turn will generate a strong magnetic field inside the receiver loop, whereas the current in said extra turn will generate a weaker magnetic field due to the small size (area enclosed by) of the extra turn.
  • the magnetic field from the extra turn is opposed the magnetic field from the transmitter loop not belonging to such an extra turn, and since the distance from the extra turn to the receiver loop is short the opposing magnetic field will be comparatively strong. This means that the total field inside the receiver loop oscillating at the frequency to which the transmitter loop is tuned has been greatly reduced. This results in a great reduction of the induced current with the transmitter loop frequency in the receiver loop as well.
  • the opposing field generated by the receiver loop has also been reduced addressing said problem of a weakened up-link transmission from the balise.
  • This altogether means that the size of the balise may be reduced remarkably with respect to balises known without reducing the efficiency of the transmission of data therefrom to an ATP antenna on board a railway vehicle, at the same time as the magnetic flux transmitted by the transmitter on board the railway vehicle may be reduced, since a larger proportion thereof may be absorbed by the receiver loop of the balise and less power is needed for the transmitter of the balise.
  • US 2016/38 0678 A1 discloses a system for data collection using near-field magnetic induction having a transmitter coil with extra turns in the form of coils for reducing the cross coupling between the transmitter coil and a receiver coil.
  • the extra turns in the form of coils have such a size that they would contribute substantially to the magnetic field "seen" by a receiver on a train when used for a balise which would result in a substantial influence upon the inductance value of the extra turns by the environment outside the shell of the balise.
  • This environment may include debris onto and around the balise in the form of inter alia water, metal, magnetite and iron ore.
  • the transmitter loop surrounds the receiver loop.
  • the transmitter loop extends along the receiver loop by having the receiver loop surround the transmitter loop or having these two loops overlapping, it is advantageous to let the transmitter loop surrounding the receiver loop.
  • the average distance of said at least one extra turn to the receiver loop is less than 0.3 or less than 0.1 of the average distance of the transmitter loop to the receiver loop.
  • the transmitter loop has at least one said extra turn at a plurality of locations along the extension of the transmitter loop.
  • Such a distribution of extra turns along the transmitter loop and by that along the receiver loop may increase the efficiency of cancelling out the effect of the magnetic field generated by the current in the transmitter loop upon the operation of the receiver loop and by that also the influence of the receiver loop upon the operation of the transmitter loop. It may then be favourable to have each said extra turn enclosing an area being substantially equal to or equal to the area enclosed by the other said extra turn (-s) and also to have said extra turns arranged symmetrically or substantially symmetrically with respect to the receiver loop.
  • said at least one extra turn at at least one said location is arranged outside the area enclosed by the receiver loop and extends so as to have a current flowing therethrough running in the same direction, clockwise or anti-clockwise, as the current flowing at that moment through the part of the transmitter loop not belonging to a said extra turn. This will result in the generation of a said opposed magnetic field aimed at.
  • said at least one said extra turn at at least one said location arranged within the area enclosed by the receiver loop and extending so as to have a current flowing therethrough running in an opposite direction, clockwise or anti-clockwise, to the current flowing at that moment through the part of the transmitter loop not belonging to a said extra turn.
  • the transmitter loop and the receiver loop have a substantially rectangular or a rectangular extension, which may be favourable from the balise manufacturing point of view.
  • At least one said location said at least one extra turn arranged within the area enclosed by the receiver loop is arranged at a corner of the rectangle along which the receiver loop extends.
  • the balise has an outer casing containing the receiver loop, the transmitter and the transmitter loop and having a width corresponding to a typical width of a sleeper supporting the rails of a railway track. It is evident that a size of a balise within the dimensions of a sleeper made possible through the present invention will facilitate work on a railway track close to said sleeper and also reduce the risk of damaging the balise when carrying out such work.
  • the transmitter of the balise is configured to transmit data, such as currently maximum allowed speed and maximum allowed speed in a very near future, to an Automatic Train Protection system (ATP), such as the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), of railway vehicles passing the balise.
  • ATP Automatic Train Protection system
  • ERTMS European Rail Traffic Management System
  • Fig 1 shows how two balises 1 may be arranged between two rails 15, 16 of a railway track 17 by being secured to sleepers 18 supporting the rails.
  • Fig 2 illustrates very schematically a functional block diagram for a balise 1 of the type to which the present invention relates.
  • the balise has a conducting receiver loop configured to receive electric power by magnetic induction from a transmitter not shown in an antenna of a rail vehicle when passing the balise.
  • the magnetic field generated by the latter antenna causes an AC current to run in the receiver loop 2 and this current is rectified, stored in an energy storing unit 3 and used to power a transmitter 4 belonging to the balise.
  • the balise further comprises a conducting transmitter loop 5 configured to be fed by the transmitter 4 to transmit data to railway vehicle antennas passing the balise.
  • the balise also has a logic block 6 being no part of the present invention and including a controller 7 provided with a serial link input and an input from a default telegram 8 provided with a programming interface.
  • Fig 3 illustrates the general configuration of a balise according to a first embodiment of the invention and the principles of the present invention.
  • the transmitter 4 is here symbolized by an impedance 9 and an AC-source 10 with a working frequency f L in the order of 27 MHz.
  • the transmitter feeds an inductive transmitter loop 5, which has been tuned to the frequency f L of the transmitter.
  • a receiver loop 2 is running inside the transmitter loop, and this has been tuned to another frequency f H , which is the frequency of transmitters located on rail vehicles passing the balise.
  • the magnetic field generated by such on-board ATP transmitters causes an AC current to run in the balises receiver loop 2 due to magnetic induction, and this current is rectified and used to power the transmitter 4.
  • the current I t running in the transmitter loop 5 induces a current I r in the receiver loop 2, which has the same frequency f L as the current in the transmitter loop, but is out of phase.
  • This induced current in the receiver loop generates a magnetic field that affects the field generated by the transmitter loop for transmitting data to the ATP antenna of a railway vehicle passing.
  • the combined effect of this is a weakened up-link transmission would the balise not include the following feature of the present invention: the transmitter loop is provided with two extra turns 11, 12, which each encloses an area 13, 14 being a fraction of the area enclosed by the transmitter loop.
  • Each such extra turn is located closer to the receiver loop 2 than the average distance of the transmitter loop to the receiver loop and is designed to have a current flowing through the transmitter loop running through said extra turn while generating a magnetic field felt by the receiver loop being opposed to the magnetic field felt by the receiver loop through the current running through the part of the transmitter loop not belonging to an extra turn.
  • This is illustrated by the magnetic field H T felt by the receiver loop through the current I t running through the part of the transmitter loop not belonging to the extra turn and the magnetic field H E generated by each extra turn.
  • circles with a cross indicate a magnetic field going into the page and circles with a dot indicate a magnetic field coming out of the page.
  • the current in the main transmitter loop 5 generates a strong magnetic field inside the receiver loop
  • the current in the extra turns 11, 12 generate weaker fields, due to the small size of these turns, but the direction is the same as the main field.
  • the field from the extra turns is opposed the main field, and since the distance from the extra turns to the receiver loop is short - the opposing field is comparatively strong.
  • the total field inside the receiver loop 2, oscillating at the frequency f L has been considerably reduced.
  • the induced current with the frequency f L has been greatly reduced as well, which in turn means that the magnetic field generated by the receiver loop and opposing the field of the transmitter loop has also been reduced, which is the sought-after effect of the present invention.
  • the impedance 20 of the receiver loop emanating from electronic circuits in the receiver tends to vary with the amount of tele-powering flux passing through the receiver loop. Since the two loops 2, 5 are coupled (normally), this means that the total impedance in the transmitter loop varies with tele-powering flux also. This dependency is weakened when the coupling is minimized making the transmitter performance more stable.
  • the following test has been carried out for investigating the influence of extra turns in the transmitter loop according to the present invention upon the current induced in the receiver loop.
  • a metal pattern was edged on the top side of an isolating laminate and a different pattern on the bottom side of the laminate. The patterns were joined to each other using metal vias. The combined effect is two conducting loops with an outer loop having two extra spirals in series. These spirals consist of three turns each.
  • a simulation program did let a current run in the outer loop, calculated magnetic field inside the loop and calculated how much current was induced in the inner loop. At an arbitrary chosen point on the outer loop the current was calculated to be 16.2 mA. At an arbitrary chosen point on the inner loop the current was calculated to be 3.9 mA.
  • Figs 4 and 5 shows possible designs of a balise according to second and third embodiments of the invention.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig 4 differs from that shown in Fig 3 by having extra turns 31-34 at four locations along the extension of the transmitter loop, whereas Fig 5 illustrates how extra turns 41-44 of the transmitter loop 5 may be arranged within the area enclosed by the receiver loop 2 at corners 45-48 of the rectangle along which the receiver loop extends. These extra turns 41-44 do then run so that the current flowing therethrough is running in an opposite direction, clockwise or anti-clockwise, to the current flowing at the same moment through the part of the transmitter loop not belonging to such an extra turn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Balise destinée à être agencée entre les deux rails d'une voie ferrée pour transmettre des données à des antennes montées sous des véhicules ferroviaires passant la balise, ladite balise comprenant
    • une boucle de récepteur conductrice (2) configurée pour recevoir de la puissance électrique par induction magnétique depuis un émetteur dans lesdites antennes de véhicule ferroviaire lors du passage de la balise,
    • un émetteur (4) configuré pour être mis en fonctionnement par la puissance électrique reçue par la boucle de récepteur (2), et
    • une boucle d'émetteur conductrice (5) configurée pour être alimentée par ledit émetteur (4) afin de transmettre des données auxdites antennes de véhicule ferroviaire passant la balise,
    dans laquelle ladite boucle d'émetteur (5) s'étend le long de la boucle de récepteur (2),
    caractérisée en ce que
    la boucle d'émetteur à, au niveau d'au moins un emplacement le long de son extension, au moins une spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44), qui enferme une zone (13, 14) qui est une fraction de la zone renfermée par la boucle d'émetteur (5) et est conçue pour faire s'écouler un courant (It) circulant à travers la boucle d'émetteur à travers ladite spire supplémentaire tout en générant un champ magnétique (HE) ressenti par la boucle de récepteur (2) qui s'oppose à un champ magnétique (HT) ressenti par la boucle de récepteur à travers le courant circulant à travers la partie de la boucle d'émetteur (5) n'appartenant pas à une dite spire supplémentaire, en ce que ladite fraction est inférieure à 5 %, ladite au moins une spire supplémentaire est située plus près de la boucle de récepteur (2) que la distance moyenne de la boucle d'émetteur à la boucle de récepteur et en ce que la distance moyenne de ladite au moins une spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) à la boucle de récepteur (2) est inférieure à 0,5 fois la distance moyenne de la boucle d'émetteur (5) à la boucle de récepteur.
  2. Balise selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la distance moyenne de ladite au moins une spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) à la boucle de récepteur (2) est inférieure à 0,3 ou inférieure à 0,1 fois la distance moyenne de la boucle d'émetteur (5) à la boucle de récepteur.
  3. Balise selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que ladite boucle d'émetteur (5) entoure la boucle de récepteur (2) .
  4. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la boucle d'émetteur (5) a au moins une dite spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) au niveau d'une pluralité d'emplacements le long de l'extension de la boucle d'émetteur.
  5. Balise selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que chaque dite spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) renferme une zone qui est sensiblement égale ou égale à la zone renfermée par l'autre ou les autres dite(s) spire(s) supplémentaire(s) .
  6. Balise selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdites spires supplémentaires (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) sont agencées symétriquement ou sensiblement symétriquement par rapport à la boucle de récepteur.
  7. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la boucle d'émetteur (5) a une dite spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) au niveau d'au moins un dit emplacement.
  8. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la boucle d' émetteur (5) a une pluralité desdites spires supplémentaires (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) au niveau dudit au moins un emplacement.
  9. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite au moins une spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34) au niveau d'au moins un dit emplacement est agencée à l'extérieur de la zone renfermée par la boucle de récepteur (2) et s'étend de manière à ce qu'un courant (It) s'écoulant à travers elle circule dans le même sens, dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre ou dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre, que le courant s'écoulant à cet instant à travers la partie de la boucle d'émetteur (5) n'appartenant pas à une dite spire supplémentaire.
  10. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite au moins une dite spire supplémentaire (41- 44) au niveau d'au moins un dit emplacement est agencée au sein de la zone renfermée par la boucle de récepteur (2) et s'étend de manière à ce qu'un courant (It) s'écoulant à travers elle circule dans le sens opposé, dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre ou dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre, à celui du courant s'écoulant à cet instant à travers la partie de la boucle d'émetteur (5) n'appartenant pas à une dite spire supplémentaire.
  11. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la boucle d'émetteur (5) et la boucle de récepteur (2) ont une extension sensiblement rectangulaire ou rectangulaire.
  12. Balise selon les revendications 10 et 11, caractérisée en ce qu'au niveau d'au moins à un dit emplacement ladite au moins une spire supplémentaire (41-44) agencée au sein de la zone renfermée par la boucle de récepteur (2) est agencée au niveau d'un coin (45-48) du rectangle le long duquel s'étend la boucle de récepteur.
  13. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une enveloppe extérieure contenant la boucle de récepteur (2), l'émetteur (4) et la boucle d'émetteur (5) et ayant une largeur correspondant à une largeur typique d'une traverse supportant les rails d'une voie ferrée.
  14. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'émetteur (4) de la balise est configuré pour transmettre des données, telles qu'une vitesse permise actuellement maximale et une vitesse permise maximale dans un futur très proche, à un système de protection automatique de train (ATP), tel que le système européen de gestion de trafic ferroviaire (ERTMS), de véhicules ferroviaires passant la balise.
  15. Balise selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'extension de la boucle d'émetteur (5) le long de la boucle de récepteur (2) et de ladite au moins une spire supplémentaire (11, 12, 31-34, 41-44) sont réalisées pour réduire au minimum le couplage de ces deux boucles et en augmentant ainsi la stabilité d'impédance dans la boucle d'émetteur rendant les performances de l'émetteur plus stables.
EP17172467.7A 2017-05-23 2017-05-23 Balise pour une voie ferrée Active EP3406502B1 (fr)

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EP17172467.7A EP3406502B1 (fr) 2017-05-23 2017-05-23 Balise pour une voie ferrée

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EP17172467.7A EP3406502B1 (fr) 2017-05-23 2017-05-23 Balise pour une voie ferrée

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EP3406502A1 EP3406502A1 (fr) 2018-11-28
EP3406502B1 true EP3406502B1 (fr) 2024-05-01

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3766755A1 (fr) * 2019-07-15 2021-01-20 Bombardier Transportation GmbH Balise pour voie ferrée

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10338311B3 (de) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-10 Siemens Ag Transponder-Einrichtung und Balisen-Einrichtung
FR2873341B1 (fr) * 2004-07-21 2014-08-15 Siemens Transp Systems Dispositif de couplage electromagnetique, vehicule incorporant ledit dispositif
US9647729B2 (en) * 2015-06-29 2017-05-09 Near Field Magnetics, Inc. System and method for data collection using near-field magnetic induction

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