EP3405565A1 - Souche bacterienne genetiquement modifiee produisant de la kurstakine dans le milieu de culture - Google Patents
Souche bacterienne genetiquement modifiee produisant de la kurstakine dans le milieu de cultureInfo
- Publication number
- EP3405565A1 EP3405565A1 EP17701673.0A EP17701673A EP3405565A1 EP 3405565 A1 EP3405565 A1 EP 3405565A1 EP 17701673 A EP17701673 A EP 17701673A EP 3405565 A1 EP3405565 A1 EP 3405565A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strain
- kurstakin
- medium
- production
- kurstakine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a genetically modified bacterial strain, in particular a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis, as well as the use of such a strain to produce kurstakin.
- the invention also relates to a process for producing kurstakine in a liquid medium and the use of kurstakine as antifungal agent and biosurfactant.
- Bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous bacterium that is found in virtually all soils, aquatic environments, air and plant foliage. Also called Thuringian bacillus, this bacterium was discovered at the beginning of the 20th century and used as a microbiological or insecticidal control agent since the 50s. It is used in agriculture, market gardening, forest protection, but also in fight vector control for the control of insects carrying diseases such as malaria.
- Bacillus thuringiensis lies in its ability to synthesize protein crystals that are toxic to certain insects. These crystals are mainly composed of toxic proteins called delta-endotoxins or Cry toxins. Once ingested by insects (usually during larval stages), the crystals encounter a medium in the midgut of insects capable of dissolving their constituents, thanks to the alkaline or acidic pH, and the presence of proteases, and the release of toxic proteins. These proteins interact with the intestinal wall of the insect and destroy the cells that compose it by forming pores in the digestive wall.
- Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt is the most widely used insecticide in the world in organic farming: it accounts for nearly 95% of bioinsecticides.
- Kurstakin is a lipopeptide produced in small amounts by some strains of the Bacillus cereus group, including several strains of the species Bacillus thuringiensis, in which this molecule was first isolated in 2000 (Hathout et al.). Kurstakin is produced non-ribosomally by a non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthase (NRPS), a multi-enzyme complex operating in a modular fashion. The enzymes of this complex are expressed from an operon (called krs operon) comprising the genes krsE, krsA, krsB, krsC and krsD (from the 5 'end to the 3' end of the operon). Kurstakine comes in different isoforms.
- krs operon comprising the genes krsE, krsA, krsB, krsC and krsD (from the 5 'end to the 3' end of the oper
- Kurtakin exhibits anti-fungal activity against the strain Stachybotris charatum, originally described by Hathout et al. (2000).
- the inventors have now highlighted the anti-fungal effect of kurstakin against two other phytopathogenic strains: Galactomyces geotrichum and Botrytis cinerea.
- the inventors genetically modified strains of Badllus thuringiensis so as to increase their kurstakin production capacity. Using these improved strains, they developed a process for producing and purifying kurstakin in a liquid medium.
- the present invention firstly relates to a genetically modified bacterial strain not expressing Cry toxin.
- the bacterial strains that can be modified according to the present invention are all bacterial strains that express kurstakine, naturally or not.
- a bacterial strain that can be genetically modified according to the invention is therefore first of all a strain carrying the operon necessary for the synthesis of kurstakine.
- Bacillus cereus group all strains belonging to the Bacillus cereus group are likely to express kurstakin.
- a bacterial strain that can be modified according to the invention may also be a strain which does not naturally express kurstakin but which has been genetically modified by the input of the genes of the krs operon so that it expresses kurstakin.
- Such a strain may for example be a strain of Bacillus subtills.
- a bacterial strain according to the invention is therefore defined as a strain expressing kurstakine and not expressing Cry toxin.
- bacterial strain not expressing Cry toxin is meant a bacterial strain which is not capable of producing Cry toxin because at least one of the genes responsible for the expression of these proteins is inactivated or absent (by mutation, deletion or insertion at the level of the gene itself or its promoter).
- Cry genes responsible for the production of Cry toxins are naturally carried by plasmids, it is possible to eliminate these plasmids to suppress the production of toxin.
- a non-toxin-expressing strain may also be a strain that has retained the plasmid carrying the cry genes but in which the plasmid does not allow the expression of Cry toxins. it is understood that a strain not expressing Cry toxin may be any bacterial strain in which the krs operon is absent, in particular absent naturally.
- a bacterial strain according to the invention is a strain expressing kurstakine, not expressing toxin and in which a stabilizing sequence of CARNm has been introduced upstream of the krsE gene of the krs operon.
- this mRNA stabilizing sequence corresponds to STAB-SD of sequence SEQ ID NO. 1.
- a strain according to the invention corresponds to a genetically modified Bt strain not expressing Cry toxin and comprising an STAB-SD ARMm stabilizer upstream of the krs operon.
- a strain according to the invention is a Bt strain that does not express Cry toxin and is incapable of sporulating.
- a strain according to the invention is a Bt strain that does not express Cry toxin following the loss of the plasmid carrying the genes responsible for the production of said toxin and wherein the spoOA gene is inactivated.
- strain Bt 407 CrybspoOA An example of such a strain is strain Bt 407 CrybspoOA.
- a strain according to the invention is a Bt strain overexpressing the KrsE protein.
- a strain according to the invention does not express Cry toxin and overexpress KrsE.
- a strain according to the invention further comprises a deletion of the spoOA gene, an STAB-SD ARMm stabilizer upstream of the krs operon, and the replacement of the endogenous Coperon krs promoter by the cry3A promoter "Pcry3a" and the introduction of a terminator sequence "termcrylAc" downstream of the krsD gene.
- a strain thus modified can further overexpress the Sfp and KrsD proteins.
- KrsE, Sfp and KrsD proteins can be obtained by introducing the coding sequence of these proteins into the bacterium, for example by introducing a plasmid carrying an expression cassette for these proteins.
- This plasmid may allow the insertion of said cassette into the genome of the bacterium or persist in the episomal state.
- the second subject of the present invention is the use of a bacterial strain genetically modified for the production of kurstakine, in particular a strain of Badllus thurlngiensls, said bacterial strain not expressing Cry toxin.
- the protein sequence of the kurstakine thus produced corresponds to the following sequence:
- the inventors have shown that the strains Bt 407 Cry 'and Bt HD-73 Cry- (not expressing Cry toxin) have an interesting property since their kurstakin production capacity is increased by a factor of 3 to a factor of 5 according to strains, relative to the corresponding strains naturally expressing Cry toxins (see Example 1.4).
- the strains Bt 407 Cry 'and Bt HD-73 Cry- not expressing Cry toxin
- the present invention is divided into different embodiments corresponding to the use of the various strains previously described as objects of the invention.
- a strain has been modified by the introduction of Pcry3A promoter and mRNA stabilizer STAB-SD upstream of the operon krs of Bt strain HD-73 Cry ", and introduction of the termcrylAc sequence downstream of the krsD gene
- the stabilizer STAB-SD allows an increase of approximately 2096 kurstakin production.This effect is even amplified when the spoOA gene is deleted in this strain (cf Example 1.6)
- preference is given to the use of Bt Cry ' strains comprising an mRNA stabilizer and, preferably, Bt Cry ' strains comprising an mRNA stabilizer and a deionization of the mRNA. spoOA gene.
- the termcrylAc sequence can be used to increase the expression of a gene and the associated protein, in particular by stabilizing the corresponding PARNm.
- a strain according to the invention is a strain expressing kurstakine, not expressing Cry toxin and having a termcrylAc sequence located downstream of the krsD gene. This advantageous combination is in addition to the other genetic modifications previously described.
- the inventors have also shown that the overexpression of the KrsE protein is of interest for the production of kurstakine in a liquid medium. They thus helped elucidate the role of this protein by highlighting the effect of KrsE on the release of kurstakin in the culture supernatant. Using an inducible expression system, they highlighted a kurstakin production increased by a factor of 20 when KrsE is overexpressed (see Example 1.7).
- the overexpression of KrsE protein can also be controlled by a constitutive promoter such as the promoter of the aphA3 gene (Trieu-Cuot P, Courvalin P., 1983. Gene 23: 331-341, Dubois, T et al., 2012. PLoS Pathog.8: el002629), by a promoter preferentially activated during the stationary phase, such as the promoter of the nprR gene (Perchât, S., Dubois, T. et al., 2011 .. Mol.
- a constitutive promoter such as the promoter of the aphA3 gene (Trieu-Cuot P, Courvalin P., 1983. Gene 23: 331-341, Dubois, T et al., 2012.
- PLoS Pathog.8: el002629 a promoter preferentially activated during the stationary phase, such as the promoter of the nprR gene (Perchât,
- Mcrobiol 82: 619-633 or an inducible promoter such as the xylose-inducible promoter (Slamti, L. and Lereclus, D., 2002. EMBO J. 21: 4550-4559).
- the invention consists in using a bacterial strain, preferably a Bt strain, not expressing toxin, comprising an mRNA stabilizer and overexpressing the krsE gene.
- Such a strain is for example Bt HD-73 Cry
- This strain may further comprise a termcrylAc sequence as in the strain Bt HD73
- sfp and krsD genes that encode respectively for phosphopantheinyltransferase and thioesterase.
- the Sfp protein sequence corresponds to SEQ ID NO. 5.
- the invention consists in using a strain Bt that does not express any toxin, comprising a stabilizer of the mRNA of the krs operon and the overexpression of the krsE gene and further comprising inactivation of the spoOA gene.
- the Bt strain also comprises a P1 promoter in place of the endogenous promoter of the krs operon and a termcrylAc terminator sequence downstream of the krs operon, and overexpresses the sfp and krsD genes.
- a strain of interest is a strain HD1 having lost the plasmids carrying the cry genes and comprising the genetic construct capable of inducing the strongest expression of kurstakine in the culture medium.
- a third object of the invention consists in a process for the production of kurstakine consisting in cultivating a bacterial strain genetically modified according to the invention, in a liquid medium and in recovering the kurstakine produced in the supernatant.
- the bacterial strain according to the invention is cultured in a liquid culture medium and the kurstakine is harvested in the culture medium.
- This liquid medium can be optimized in order to further increase the concentration of the protein in the supernatant, in particular by reducing its degradation over time. It can be in particular the AK medium as described by Hathout et al. (2000).
- the culture time is adapted according to the kinetics of production specific to each strain, which is within the reach of the skilled person.
- the method of producing kurstakin in a liquid medium is to cultivate a bacterial strain overexpressing KrsE. Indeed, the inventors have demonstrated that the overexpression of KrsE is critical to promote effective excretion of KrsE in the culture medium.
- a strain expressing KrsE will preferably be chosen for production of kurstakine in a liquid medium.
- the process for producing kurstakin further comprises a continuous extraction step by mlcroffltration.
- this extraction step is followed by the transfer of the kurstakine thus obtained in a medium whose pH is less than 4, preferably less than or equal to 2.
- a method makes it possible to preserve the activity of kurstakine over time. It is for example possible to preserve the activity of the Hpopeptide for several days at 37 ° C. in a medium at pH 2, whereas the activity is lost if the lipopeptide was kept in a medium whose pH is greater than or equal to 4.
- This method in a liquid medium has the advantage of not requiring extraction of the lipopeptide from the bacterial cells.
- the lipopeptide is simply collected in the culture supernatant and then purified by two membrane ultrafiltration steps, the first without solvent and the second in the presence of a solvent (for example ethanol, methanol, etc.).
- a solvent for example ethanol, methanol, etc.
- This process is the first commercial production process for kurstaklne.
- a fourth object of the present invention is the use of kurstaklne as an anti-fungal agent against the Galactomyces geotrichum and Botrytis dnerea strains.
- a fifth object of the present invention is the use of kurstakin as a biosurfactant to improve the dispersion of Bacillus thuringiensis strains used as a biopesticide.
- Bt bacteria expressing Cry toxin is the world's most widely used biopesticide in agriculture.
- israeltakine in particular recombinant kurstakine as produced according to the invention, as a biosurfactant.
- Figure 1 Map of the constructs used for the preparation of overproducing kurstakin strains. 1A: insertion upstream of krsA, and termcrylAc downstream of
- FIG. 2 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of kurstakin production by different colonies of B. thuringiensis.
- 2A Analysis of kurstakin production by a colony of B. thuringiensis HD-73 cultured on LB agar medium for 24 hours at 30 ° C. A colony was taken up in 20 ⁇ l of HCCA matrix, the mixture then being briefly centrifuged. The analysis is carried out on the supernatant containing the molecules recovered from the surface of the cells The table recalls the m / z values of the H *, Na * and K * adducts of the different forms observed 2B: Analysis of kurstakin production by a colony of B.
- 3B Comparison of the HPLC chromatogram profile obtained in this study for the production of kurstakin by B. thuringiensis strain HD-1 on AK agar medium (A) with the analysis carried out during the discovery of kurstakin B (Hathout et al. al., 2000).
- Figure 4 MALOI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of kurstakin production. Peak analysis at retention times between 9 and 14 minutes during HPLC analysis of kurstakin extract produced by B. thuringiensis HD-73 on AK agar medium.
- Figure 5 Production rate of kurstakin. Analysis performed on middle AK agar after 1 night at 37 "C and 3 days at room temperature by the strains of Baa 'Hus thuringiensis HD-1, HD-73 and Bt407.
- Figure 6 Bt strain the Growth of HD-73 experience. performed in liquid medium LB and AK at 30 ° C, 160 rpm.
- Figure 7 Measurement of kurstakin concentration. Analysis of the culture supernatant of strain Bt HD-73 cultivated in LB and AK medium at 24 and 72H.
- Figure 8 Growth curve of the strain Badllus thuringiensis HD-73. Experiment made in 3L fermenter in LB medium.
- Figure 11 Quantitative analysis of kurstatin production by HPLC chromatography Chromatogram of the extract made from the cell pellet of Bacillus thuringiensis HD-73 after 9H fermentor culture in LB medium at 30oC.
- Figure 12 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of kurstakin production.
- Figure 14 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of kurstakin production.
- 15A Analysis carried out on a colony of the strain Bt407Cry + grown on LB agar medium for 24 hours at 37 ° C.
- 15B Analysis performed on a colony of the Bt407Crys strain cultured on LB agar medium for 24 hours at 37 ° C.
- Figure 16 Effect of plasmid loss carrying cry genes in Bt strain HD-73 on kurstakin production.
- the HPLC assay was performed from cell extracts of cells grown on AK agar medium for 1 night at 37 ° C. and 3 days at room temperature and purified on SPE C8.
- Figure 17 Production rate of kurstakine after insertion of an mRNA stabilizer upstream of the krs locus.
- AK agar medium After 1 night at 37 ° C and 3 days at room temperature in Bt HD-73 Cry- and Bt HD-73 Cry-STAB-SD strains.
- Figure 18 Effect of overexpression of the krsE gene on the growth curve of strain 0. thuringiensis HD73.
- Figure 19 Determination of kurstakin in culture supernatants of the Bt strain overexpressing the KrsE protein. In this experiment, B.thuringiensis HD73 krs
- FIG. 20 Antifungal activity test of purified extracts of kurstakin.20A: Antifungal effect against the strain Rhizoctonia solani. 20B: Antifungal effect against the strain Fusarium oxysporum. The amounts indicated correspond to the amount of lipopeptide present on the disc.
- the negative control is composed of 3096 acetonitrite.
- Figure 21 Test of antifungal activity of purified extracts of kurstakine.21A: Antifungal effect against the strain Galactomyces geotrichum after 3 days (A) and 5 days of incubation (B); 21B: Antifungal effect against the Botrytis cinerea strain after 5 days (A) and 7 days of incubation (B). The amounts indicated correspond to the amount of lipopeptide present on the disc.
- the negative control is composed of 30% acetonitrile.
- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) used in this study were provided by the MICALIS team at INRA Jouy-en-Josas. These are, on the one hand, wild strains isolated from the environment, and, on the other hand, genetically modified strains for studying the effect of various factors on kurstakin production by Bt.
- Table 1 List of Bacillus thuringiensls strains used in the study of kurstakin production mechanism
- the strains are cultured in 5 ml of liquid LB culture medium at 37 ° C., shaken on a rotary shaker at 160 rpm until an ODex of 1 is obtained.
- the culture is then distributed in cryotubes of 1 mL in the following proportions: 0.3 mL of glycerol per 0.7 mL of culture.
- the cryotubes thus obtained are directly put in the freezer at -80 ° C for the long-term storage of bacterial strains. 2.
- the Luria Bertani culture medium is a complex medium conventionally used for culturing bacterial strains, it is composed of tryptone, 10 g / L; yeast extract, 5 g / L; NaCl, 10 g / L.
- the components are solubilized in 800 mL of deionized water, the pH is then adjusted to 7.0 and the volume is supplemented to 1 L.
- This medium can be solidified (LGg medium) by the addition of agar (15 g / ml). L).
- the medium is sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- Medium 863 is a medium used for culturing yeast strains used for molecular biology manipulations.
- the composition of the 863 medium is as follows: glucose, 10 g / L; yeast extract 10 g / L; casein peptone, 10 g / L.
- Geostatic medium 868 can be prepared by adding Pagar (15 g / L). The medium is sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C for 15 minutes.
- AK agar medium # 2 (Beckton, Dickinson, USA) is a ready-to-use medium used for the sporulation of Bacillus strains.
- the approximate composition indicated by the supplier is as follows: gelatin peptone, 6 g / L; casein peptone, 4 g / L; yeast extract, 3g / L; beef extract, 1.5 g / L; glucose, 1 g / L; agar, 15 g / L; Manganese sulphate II, 0.3 g / L
- the medium is prepared by solubilizing 30.8 g of medium in 1 L of deionized water, and is sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the liquid medium AK is identical to the medium AK agar described above with the difference that it does not contain agar.
- PDA medium Panato Dextrose Agar, Bfokar Diagnostics
- the composition of the medium is as follows: potato extract, 4 g / L; glucose, 20 g / L; agar, 15 g / L
- the medium is prepared by solubilizing 39 g of medium in 1 L of demineralised water and is sterilized by autoclaving at 121 ° C for 15 minutes. 3. Construction of overproducing strains of kurstakfne
- overproducing kurstakin strains are as follows: deletion of the spoOA gene, insertion of a strong promoter (Agaisse H. and Lereclus D. 1994, J Bacterioi 176: 4734-4741) and a stabilizer of STAB-SD mRNA (Agaisse H.
- the strains 407, HD1 and HD73 are natural strains.
- strain HD73 Cry The deletion of spoOA in strain HD73 Cry is carried out by insertion into this gene of a kanamycin resistance cassette, according to the method previously published (Yang H., et al., 2012, Appl Environ Microbiol 78: 6466-6474). .
- the strain obtained is named HD73 Cry ' AspoOA.
- allelic exchange using a genetic construct carried by the suicide vector pMAD. and STAB-SD are located in contiguity on the same DNA sequence, amplified by PCR from plasmid pHT7830 (Agaisse H. and Lereclus D., 1994, Molecular Microbiology 13: 97-107) using primers stabSD-fwd and stabSD-rev (Table 2). These primers introduce the XmaI and EcoRI sites at the 5 'and 3' ends of this 577 bp sequence.
- the regions upstream and downstream of the krsE promoter are amplified by PCR from the chromosomal DNA of the HD73 strain using the primers (krs-up-fWd, krs-up-rev) for the upstream region. (960pb), and (krs-dn-fwd, krs-dn-rev) for the downstream region (084bp). Restriction sites (NcoI, XmaI) are introduced at 5 'and 3' in the upstream region, and (EcoRI, BamHI) at 5 'and 3' in the downstream region.
- the upstream, Pcry3A-stabSD and downstream fragments are digested and ligated at XmaI and EcoRI.
- This construct is amplified by PCR and treated with T4 poK / nucleotide kinase (phosphorylation of the 5 'and 3' ends of the fragment in blunt ends).
- the phosphorylated fragment is inserted into the plasmid pMAD at the SmaI site, after dephosphorylation by the alkaline phosphatase of the ends of the open plasmid, to obtain the plasmid
- the insertion of termcrylAc downstream of krsD is carried out by allelic exchange using a construct carried by the suicide vector pMAD
- the nucleotide sequence of the terminator 'termcrylAc' of the crylAc gene (SEQ 10 NO 3) is amplified by PCR from pHN73 of plasmid pHT73 (Liu G., et al., 2013, Genome Announc 1: e0008013), using the termcry-fwd and termcry-rev primers (Table 2) These primers introduce the XbaI sites and Pstl at the 5 'and 3' ends of this 222bp sequence
- the sequences of the krsD gene on the one hand, and the region located downstream of this gene on the other hand are amplified by PCR from the chromosomal DNA strain HD73 using primers (krs-up-fwd, krs-up-rev) for the upstream region (936pb),
- TermcrylAc and downstream are digested and then ligated to XbaI and PstI.
- This construct is amplified by PCR, digested with BamHI and NcoI and ligated to the plasmid pMAO opened with the same enzymes.
- the plasmid pMAD-termcrylAc is transferred into the HD73 cry ' AspoOA krsA :: Pcry3A-stabSD strain by electroporation. The strain having the integrated plasmid is then cultured successively at 30 ° and 37 "to select a double homologous recombination (D. Lereclus et al, 1992, Bio / Technology. 10: 418-421).
- the clones having integrated chromosomally This construct is selected by colony PCR and the correct insertion of termcrylAc is verified by sequencing.
- the strain obtained is HD73 Cry ' AspoOA krsA :: Pcry3A-stabSD krsD :: termcrylAc.
- the overexpression of the krsE, sfp and krsD genes is obtained by cloning these genes behind the Pxyl inducible promoter, in the high copy number plasmids pHT1618 (Lereclus D. and Arantes 0. 1992, Mol Microbiol 6: 35-46) ( Figure 1B) and pHT315pxyl (Slamti L and Lereclus D., 2002, EMBO J 21: 4550-4559) ( Figure 1C).
- the sequence of the krsE gene is amplified by PCR from the chromosomal DNA of strain HD73, using primers krsE-fwd and krsE-rev (Table 2).
- sfp and krsD genes For the overexpression of the krsE, sfp and krsD genes, the following clonings were performed: The sequence of the krsE gene preceded by its promoter is amplified by PCR from the chromosomal DNA of strain HD73, using the primers pkrsE-fwd and pkrsE-rev (Table 2). These primers introduce the BamHI and XbaI sites at the 5 'and 3' ends of this 1800 bp sequence. The sequence of sfp and krsD genes, organized as an operon, is amplified by PCR using primers sfpkrsD-fwd and sfpkrsD-rev.
- the amplified sequence 1500pb in size, has the XbaI and HindIII restriction sites at its 5 'and 3' ends.
- the two amplified sequences are digested with the enzymes BamHI, XbaI and HindIII and are then ligated into the plasmid pHT315pxyl opened with BamHI and HindIII.
- the plasmid is selected for E. coli for resistance to erythromycin, verified by sequencing and transferred by electroporation
- Strains of B. thuringiensis were cultured on solid media (AK agar or LBg) for the production of kurstakines according to the protocol described by Hathout et al. Overnight preculture was performed in liquid LB medium at 30 ° C, shaken at 160 rpm. The boxes of agar medium are then inoculated by flooding, and the surplus of preculture is removed. The boxes are incubated overnight at 37oC and 3 days at room temperature on bench. Collection of the culture on a plate is carried out after 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours of culture for the determination of the lipopeptides.
- the bacterial carpet having developed on the plates of agar medium is recovered by means of a rake, and taken up in a 1M KCl / 0.5M NaCl solution.
- the solution is homogenized by vortex, then centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 minutes.
- the pellet is then washed 3 times with an equivalent volume of distilled water.
- the extraction is carried out on these pellets by adding solvent ACN / H 2 0 90/10 (V / V), followed by homogenization by vortexing.
- the suspension is then centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes to separate the supernatant, containing the components recovered from the surface of the spores, and the cell pellet.
- the supernatant is then directly processed by solid phase extraction (SPE) for the extraction of kurstakines.
- SPE solid phase extraction
- an awakening culture is performed in 10 mL of LB medium in a test tube from a cryotube of the strain stored at -80 ° C.
- the liquid cultures of Bt are made from cryotubes prepared previously.
- Preculture is carried out in 100 ml of liquid culture medium corresponding to the medium used for the culture, namely LB or AK medium.
- the growth of the preculture is carried out under the same conditions of temperature and agitation as the culture for which it was prepared. When the pre-culture reaches one it is used to seed the crop for
- israeltakines Purification of kurstakines is performed by SPE on C8 columns fitted to a vacuum extractor Alltech Vacuum 12-port Manifold, using a Savant Gel Pump GP100 pump.
- SPE C8 columns (Bond-Elut ir C8 100mol) are first washed and conditioned by passing 20mL of ACN / 0.1% TFA, then 20mL of the sample to be analyzed (5mL).
- a cell extract or culture supernatant is then deposited on the column and fully passed through the column.
- a first wash is carried out with 10 ml of H 2 O / 0.1% TFA in order to remove the hydrophilic salts and impurities contained in the sample.
- a second wash is performed by the passage of lipopeptides are eluted
- the development of the kurstakine purification by HPLC was carried out in order to allow the purification of the lipopeptide from large volumes of Bacillus thuringiensis cell extracts that can not be carried out using low volume SPE columns.
- the purification was carried out by means of a glass column 15 cm high for 2 cm diameter filled with BONDESIL-C8 phase 40 ⁇ (Agitate Technologies).
- the solvents are for the acetonitrile route A supplemented with 0.1% TFA (v / v) and for the ultrapure water route B containing 0.1% TFA (v / v).
- a volume of 5 to 10 ml of concentrated kurstakine extract is injected into the column.
- the kurstakines are separated using a 4-phase program based on the HPLC program: 25 minutes at 100% water for the elution of hydrophilic contaminants, 20 minutes at 30% acetonitrile for elution of a portion of the contaminants having an affinity with this solvent, 20 minutes of solvent passage at 70% acetonitrile for the elution of kurstakines, and finally 20 minutes at 100% acetonitrile for cleaning the column.
- Kurstakin is harvested by means of an automatic collector during the 70% acetonitrile elution phase.
- the analysis is carried out using a Kinetex C8 (ref) column on a Waters apparatus (Online Degaser, 717 Autosampler, 660S Controller, 626 Pump, 2996 PhotoDiodeArray, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, U.S.A.).
- the kurstakines are separated by a linear gradient of acetonitrile supplemented with 0.1% of TFA (solvent A) by 30 to 70% over 25 minutes.
- the HPLC column is then washed for 5 minutes with 100% solvent A and then 5 minutes of rebalancing at 30% of the solvent A for the passage of the next sample.
- the lipopeptides are detected by reading the absorbance of the amide bonds at 214 nm.
- the retention time of the peaks obtained and their second derivatives are analyzed using the software EMPOWER 2 Software.
- the quantification of kurstakine is carried out by comparison with the peak area obtained for a surfactin standard at 1 g / L analyzed under the same conditions.
- Standardization of lipopeptide assays is performed by relating the amounts of lipopeptides measured to the biological dry mass from which kurstakin was extracted.
- the cells are recovered after extraction with SPE by resuspending in 5 ml of deionized water and the suspension obtained is deposited in an aluminum dish weighed beforehand and dried in an oven. at 95 ° C for 48 hours for complete removal of water from the sample. After evaporation, the cup is weighed again to determine the dry mass of the sample. 4.5.
- the search for the different peptides synthesized by S. thuringiensis is carried out by mass spectrometry from bacterial colonies developed on AK agar or LB medium. agar for 24 and 48h. A colony is suspended in 25 ⁇ l of HCCA matrix ( ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid). The suspension is homogenized by vortexing for 10 seconds, centrifuged rapidly (short spin) at 5000 rpm for 5 seconds and the supernatant is plated for analysis. The acquisition of the mass spectra is carried out using a MALDI-TOF-TOF UltraFlex II instrument (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany), equipped with a Smartbeam laser, in positive reflectron mode. A thousand MALDI-MS spectra were acquired at each position in a field of 500 to 2000 Da using a laser frequency of 20 Hz.
- the analysis of culture supernatants and liquid samples is carried out by mixing 10 ⁇ l of sample with 10 ⁇ l of HCCA matrix. In order to identify the desired molecules, the peaks corresponding to the H *, Na * and K * adducts of these are sought.
- the antifungal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis extracts enriched in kurstakine is evaluated by means of a growth inhibition test of various strains of molds and yeasts on a solid-state can.
- the various molds to be tested are first cultured by depositing on a PDA agar medium a square of agar colonized by these strains (a strain / petri dish). After inoculation, the different dishes are incubated at 25 ° C. until complete colonization of the dishes.
- One agar plate of each of these strains is used to colonize the boxes used for the antifungal test. It is made of Petri dishes containing exactly 20ml of PDA. Squares of colonized agar are cut from the previous cultures and placed upside down in the center of the boxes.
- the incubation is carried out at 25 ° C. until a culture disk 1 cm in diameter is obtained.
- Disks impregnated with purified kurstakin extracts corresponding to 25, 50 and 100 ⁇ g of lipopeptides are then deposited at 1 cm from the edge of the dish.
- a negative control is carried out by depositing a disk impregnated with the solvent in which the extracts of kurstakine (ACN / H 2 O 30/70 (v / v)) were taken up.
- the dishes are incubated at 25 ° C. until the can is completely invaded by the mold strain tested.
- the antifungal effect of kurstakin is observed by inhibiting the growth of each strain around the lipopeptide-impregnated disks.
- the different peaks detected correspond to the adducts H *, Na * and K * of the kurstakine bearing a fatty acid with 11, 12, 13 and 14 carbons, indicating the production of these 4 forms of lipopeptide by the strain B. thuringiensis HD-73 .
- B. thuringiensis strain Bt407 has a peak profile close to that of B. thuringiensis strain HD-73.
- the adducts H *, Na * and K * of the C13 form are in the majority, and the peaks of the adducts of the C12 and C14 forms are only slightly visible.
- only the adduct H * of the form Cil can be detected.
- the intensity of the peaks observed being less than that obtained with B. thuringiensis HD-73, the signal peaks corresponding to other adducts is probably not enough to clear the background.
- israeltaklne synthetase genes and kurstakin production have been observed in different strains, the identification of the strain with the best rate of lipopeptide production is necessary for the selection of a strain of blotechnofogic interest.
- kurstakin production rates of various wild strains of B. thuringiensis were evaluated by performing the HPLC assay of extracts prepared from solid cultures AK agar according to the modified protocol ofHathout et al. . described in the Materials and Methods section. Strains are cultured on AK agar medium overnight at 37oC and 3 days at room temperature.
- the samples are analyzed by HPLC allowing the separation of the different forms of kurstakine by a column grafted with C8 phase during a solvent gradient of 30 to 70% of acetonitrile .
- the separation of the molecules is followed by the measurement of the absorbance at 214 nm.
- An example of a chromatogram obtained is shown in FIG. 3A.
- HPLC analysis identifies 4 peaks at retention times 9.97, 11.65, 11.97 and 13.12 minutes.
- the first three peaks have intensities of the same order of magnitude.
- the peak at 13.12 minutes has a relatively higher intensity.
- the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis of the peaks collected during the HPLC analysis makes it possible to identify the various H ⁇ Nav and K + adducts the Cil to C14 forms of kurstakine, thus confirming that the peaks detected by HPLC correspond to the different forms of lipopeptide.
- B. thuringiensis strain HD-73 produces about 6 ⁇ g of kurstakin per mg of dry matter.
- B. thuringiensis strain HD-1 produces between 15 and 20 ⁇ g / mg dry matter.
- the strain B. thuringiensis Bt407 produces lug / mg of dry matter.
- B. thuringiensis strain HD-1 has the highest kurstakin production rate among the strains tested, followed by B. thuringiensis HD-73 and B. thuringiensis Bt407. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the work carried out within the framework of this study, only the genomes of B. thuringiensis strains HD-73 and Bt407 had been sequenced and published. The strain HD-73 having the best rate of production of lipopeptide between these two strains, it was mainly used for the study of factors potentially limiting the production of kurstakine.
- strain BT HD-73 is cultured in LB medium and liquid AK for 72 hours at 30 ° C. with shaking at 160 rpm.
- the growth monitoring is carried out by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm (FIG. 6), and kurstakin production is carried out on each sample according to the protocol described in the Materials and Methods section.
- strain Bt HD-73 The growth of strain Bt HD-73 is similar in the two liquid culture media tested.
- the strain is in an exponential growth phase for about 3 hours, then is in a slowdown phase of 3 to 24 hours of culture, at which point it enters the stationary phase.
- kurstakin production in AK medium reaches 5 mg / L in the culture supernatant. After 72 h of culture, 3.7 mg / L are measured. In LB medium, 1 mg / L is measured after 24 h, but kurstakine is no longer detectable after 72 h.
- the culture in liquid medium AK thus allows the production of an amount of kurstakine greater than that of a culture in liquid medium LB.
- Bacillus thuringiensis presents in fermentor an exponential growth phase of 3 hours, and a slowdown phase of 2 hours.
- the mass spectrometric analysis makes it possible to observe the presence of kurstakine adducts of C13 form.
- strain HD-73 was cultured in AK agar medium and LB agar for 5 days.
- the extraction, purification and quantification of kurstakine were carried out according to the protocol described in the Materials and Methods section (FIG. 13).
- the production of kurstakine is about 1 mg / mg of dry matter after 9 hours of culture, and reaches a maximum after 24 hours of culture, with 2 ⁇ g / mg of dry matter.
- the amount of kurstakin then decreases to 0.5 ⁇ g / mg of dry matter after 96h, then settles at 2 ⁇ g / mg dry matter after 120h. Nevertheless, the measurement inaccuracies related to the small quantities of detected molecule do not make it possible to establish a significant difference in measurements between the different culture times for this medium.
- israeltakine has been, since the discovery of this molecule, associated with the sporulation phenomenon of ⁇ . thuringiensis. This is due in particular to the physiological state of the cells used during the discovery of the lipopeptide.
- the lipopeptide production capacity of the Bt ACHbspoOA strain was studied. This strain whose SpoOA gene, coding for an activator of genes linked to sporulation, has been interrupted is therefore incapable of sporulating or even of engaging in the sporulation process (Lereclus, et al., 199S. Bio / Technology, 13: 67-71).
- a first step the analysis of the products of the different strains was carried out by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry from colonies grown on LB agar medium for 24 hours at 30 ° C. (FIG. 15A).
- the wild-type Bt 407 strain has peaks of kurtakin adducts at C11, C12, C13 and C14.
- the assay was performed under the same conditions for strain Bt407 Cry- in which the plasmid carrying the cry genes was deleted ( Figure 15B).
- the kurstakines of Cil to C14 form are found on the cells of the strain Bt407 Cry-.
- the wild-type Bt407 and Bt 407 Cry- strains therefore produce the same forms of kurstakin, indicating that the deletion of the plasmid carrying the genes responsible for the production of toxins does not lead to a qualitative change in the forms of kursakin produced.
- Bt HD-73 has a kurstakin production level of about 6 ⁇ g / mg dry matter, and after the loss of the plasmid, the strain produces about 18 ⁇ g / mg dry matter, while the Bt 407 strain plasmid allows the increase in production of 1 to 5 ⁇ g / mg dry matter.
- the removal of the plasmid thus has a positive effect on kurstakin production from a quantitative point of view, with an increase in lipopeptide production rate brought to the dry matter by a factor of 3 to 5 depending on the strain.
- the stability of the messenger RNAs from the production genes is essential for the production of the synthetase responsible for kurstakin production.
- a problem of mRNA stability would result in a very weak synthesis of the enzyme complex producing the lipopeptide.
- the importance of the mRNA stability of the krsEABC genes was therefore evaluated here by the determination of kurstakin by the Bt HD-73 Cry-STAB-SD and Bt HD-73 CryospoOA STAB-SD strains in which STAB-SD sequence was integrated upstream of the krsE gene.
- This Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence upstream of the cry3A toxin gene was identified in B. thuringlensis as acting as an mRNA stabilizer.
- the minimal STAB-SD sequence for stabilizing downstream mRNA corresponds to SEQ ID NO. 1.
- This sequence can be placed between any promoter and the sequence of the gene of interest. Inserting this sequence upstream of krsE could therefore increase the stability of kurstakine mRNA. synthetase.
- the various modified strains were cultured on AK agar medium and used for the preparation of cell extracts according to the method described in the Materials and Methods section. The production results of these strains and the corresponding parent strains are shown in FIG. 17. Bt HD-73 Cry-strain produces 18.2 ⁇ g of kurstakin per mg of dry matter. The introduction of the STAB-SD stabilizer into the strain results in an increase in production to 21.7 ⁇ g / mg, an increase of about 20%.
- This strain in which the kurstakine synthetase promoter is inducible by the addition of xylose, was cultured in liquid LB medium, in the absence or in the presence of 20 mM xylose (LBxyl), allowing induction of the transcription of the krsE gene.
- the liquid cultures were carried out in 100 ml of 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask or LBxyl medium at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. A 5 mL sample was taken every hour for the first 8 hours of culture. A 5 mL sample was also taken after 24, 28 and 32 hours of culture. For each sample, the pellet and supernatant were separated by centrifugation at 5000g for 5 minutes, and the extraction, purification and analysis of kurstakin production was performed as described in the Materials and Methods section.
- the growth curves of strain H073 :: STAB-SD pHT1618T-pxylOkrsE grown in LB medium in the absence or in the presence of 20mM xylose are shown in FIG. 18.
- the strain Bt HD73 krs :: STAB- SD pHT1618T-pxylOkrsE has an exponential growth phase of about 3 hours. The strain then enters the slowdown until the beginning of the spring phase, at about 10 hours of cultivation, reaching a maximum of 6.0 after 32 hours of culture.
- the strain In LBxyl medium, the strain has the same growth profile at the exponential phase. Nevertheless, where the strain has a simple slowdown phase in LB medium, the growth in the presence of xylose sees the culture fall from 6 hours of
- the monitoring of the concentration of kurstakin present in the culture supernatant of the strain under the different conditions is presented in FIG. 19.
- the kurstakin concentration in the culture supernatant is relatively low or impossible to evaluate by HPLC. , being below the detection threshold of the device despite the concentration step performed on SPE column.
- the maximum measured concentration is obtained after 24 hours of culture, with 1.02 mg / L of kurstakine in the culture supernatant.
- the concentrations measured in the first hours of culture are of the order of 4.6 and 5.4 mg / L for the first and second hours of culture respectively. The concentration then decreases gradually until the 7th hour of culture, with a concentration of 0.1 mg / L of lipopeptide. At 8 hours of culture, the measured concentration increases to 1.3 mg / L. hours of culture, the concentration measured in the culture supernatant of the strain grown in LBxyl is 18.46 mg / L. These results show an increase in the production of kurstatin in the supernatant by about a factor of 18, at 24 hours. in culture medium LB.
- This experiment shows the positive effect of the overexpression of the krsE gene on the production of kurstatin in the supernatant under culture conditions in a liquid medium.
- Bocillus lipopeptides have a wide variety of industrially valued activities (antibacterial, antifungal, surfactant ). To date, only one antifungal activity has been demonstrated in kurstakine, against the single strain Stachybrotris chartarum. The purpose of this part is to evaluate the biological activities of kurstakine, especially as antifungal and antibacterial.
- israeltakin purified extracts are grown in PDA medium from the center of the petri dish, and the endoculum is surrounded by discs respectively containing 25, 50 and 100 ⁇ g of kurstakin.
- Antifungal activity is evaluated by inhibiting the growth of the molds tested around the discs containing the lipopeptide.
- the Rhizoctonia solanii strain was able to grow on the whole surface of PDA agar medium, also covering the disks imbibed with lipopeptide extract (FIG. 20A). Kurstakin therefore has no antagonistic effect on the growth of the strain.
- the strain Calactomyces geotrichum did not colonize the entire surface of the petri dish. Three days after the deposition of the mold, its growth reached the control disc and began to cover it. In contrast, a halo of growth inhibition is visible around all discs containing kurstakin. After 5 days of culture, the strain completely covered the control disk, but did not cover the disks containing the lipopeptide extract. In addition, growth inhibition is visible on the opposite side of the discs ( Figure 21A). Kurstakine therefore has antifungal effect on the Galactomyces geotrichum strain.
- Kurstakin is also active against the Botrytis cinerea strain. Indeed, after 5 days of culture, a halo of inhibition is visible around the discs containing kurstakine. After 7 days of culture, the strain completely covered the control disk, while a growth inhibition halo of about 1.5 cm in diameter is visible around the lipopeptide-containing disks at all concentrations. tested ( Figure 21B).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1650540A FR3047011A1 (fr) | 2016-01-22 | 2016-01-22 | Souche bacterienne genetiquement modifiee produisant de la kurstakine dans le milieu de culture |
| PCT/EP2017/051244 WO2017125583A1 (fr) | 2016-01-22 | 2017-01-20 | Souche bacterienne genetiquement modifiee produisant de la kurstakine dans le milieu de culture |
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| CN116103214B (zh) * | 2023-02-10 | 2026-04-28 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 一种铁限制条件下显著提高hsaf产量的菌株及其应用 |
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