EP3402629B1 - Honing machine - Google Patents
Honing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3402629B1 EP3402629B1 EP16820253.9A EP16820253A EP3402629B1 EP 3402629 B1 EP3402629 B1 EP 3402629B1 EP 16820253 A EP16820253 A EP 16820253A EP 3402629 B1 EP3402629 B1 EP 3402629B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- honing
- spindle
- housing
- drive
- honing machine
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
- B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
- B24B33/08—Honing tools
- B24B33/089—Honing tools with a rack-and-pinion mechanism for expanding the honing segments
Definitions
- the invention relates to a honing machine for honing bores in workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Honing is a machining process with geometrically undefined cutting edges, in which a honing tool performs a cutting movement consisting of two components and there is constant surface contact between one or more cutting material bodies of the honing tool and the inner surface of the bore to be machined.
- the kinematics of an expandable honing tool is characterized by a superimposition of a rotary movement, an oscillating lifting movement running in the axial direction of the bore and an expanding movement, which leads to a change in the effective diameter of the honing tool.
- On the inner surface of the bore there is usually a surface structure with crossing traces of processing.
- a honing machine suitable for honing is a machine tool whose work spindle is usually referred to as a honing spindle.
- the honing spindle is movably mounted in a spindle housing, can be rotated about its longitudinal central axis (spindle axis) by means of a rotary drive and can be driven in an oscillating manner parallel to the spindle axis by means of a lifting drive.
- the honing spindle has a device for attaching a honing tool arrangement with an expandable honing tool. There are different concepts for expanding the honing tool.
- An expansion drive is often provided for expanding the honing tool, with the expansion drive being connected to the spindle housing and acting via an expansion gear on a feed rod running inside the honing spindle, which directly or indirectly causes a radial displacement of cutting material bodies of the honing tool.
- Direct drives are known for the highly dynamic movement of machine parts, in particular in the form of linear motors.
- a honing machine whose lifting drive is a linear motor.
- Direct drives are characterized by the potential to enable high speeds and accelerations of the machine axis driven with them while at the same time generating friction-free movement.
- the GB 2 450 445A forms the basis for the two-part form of claim 1 and discloses a honing machine for honing bores in workpieces.
- the honing machine has a honing spindle.
- the honing spindle is movably mounted in a spindle housing.
- This includes a support unit that includes a vertically aligned tubular frame.
- the spindle can be driven to oscillate parallel to the spindle axis by means of a lifting drive.
- a device for attaching a honing tool arrangement with an expandable honing tool is provided at a tool-side end of the honing spindle.
- An expanding drive is coupled to a feed rod running inside the honing spindle.
- the expanding drive which is not described in detail, is fastened to the top of the rotary drive, which is not described in detail, is carried by it and itself has no fixed connection to the carrier unit and the frame of the spindle housing.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a honing machine which enables economical production of honed workpieces with short cycle times and high quality.
- the invention provides a honing machine with the features of claim 1 ready.
- Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated by reference into the description.
- a honing machine has a monocoque housing which has a spindle housing section serving as a spindle housing for accommodating the rotary drive and an expanding system section formed integrally with the spindle housing section for accommodating the expanding drive.
- the rotary drive is designed as a direct electric drive and has a stator mounted firmly in the spindle housing section of the monocoque housing and one on the Outside of the honing spindle mounted rotor that can rotate inside the stator.
- the expansion drive is designed as a direct electric drive, with a stator of the expansion drive being permanently mounted in the expansion system section of the monocoque housing and a rotor that can rotate relative to the stator being coupled to the feed rod in such a way that the rotor of the expansion drive can rotate relative to the stator causes axial movement of the feed rod parallel to the spindle axis.
- the expansion drive is coupled to the feed rod in a movement-transmitting manner via an expansion gear
- the expansion gear is preferably also accommodated in the expansion system section.
- a monocoque housing offers the possibility of considerable weight savings, since the integrated design means that some housing parts, flanges, fasteners, etc. can be omitted.
- honing machines in addition to the process forces, drives must also apply weight and acceleration forces.
- large drive power must be kept available usually go hand in hand with an increase in the moving mass.
- a weight saving creates significantly better conditions here.
- a monocoque housing could be manufactured as an aluminum casting (aluminum or aluminum alloy, e.g. Al-Mg).
- Embodiments are considered to be particularly advantageous in which the monocoque housing is produced as a lightweight component using a lightweight construction material. If the monocoque housing that moves with the honing spindle is a lightweight component, i.e. a component manufactured using a lightweight construction material, then the moving mass can be significantly reduced compared to conventional solutions.
- a lower moving mass means that a higher acceleration of the mass is possible with the available force.
- This is particularly advantageous for honing, since there is an axial reciprocating movement component during the stroke movement. The benefits are even clearer with vertical honing machines, since with a vertical arrangement of the axial movement, the reduction in the weight of the moving components also has a positive effect on the dynamic behavior of the honing machine.
- the amplitude of the axial movement is dictated by external constraints such as workpiece length.
- An increase in the maximum speed and the acceleration in the reversal points of the lifting movement leads to an increased average axial speed.
- the axial speed often limits the possible cutting speed and thus the achievable material removal. Therefore, shorter machining times and thus shorter cycle times for a workpiece can ultimately be achieved with increased axial speeds.
- Vibrations can also occur together with the increased dynamics of moving machine parts. As a rule, these are undesirable, since the processing quality decreases as a result of this disruptive factor.
- suitable lightweight construction materials with high rigidity and good damping properties instead of solid components made of steel or other conventional construction materials, unwanted vibrations can be damped more, so that the machining result is improved.
- a reduced moving mass can also contribute to reducing the energy consumption of a processing machine, so that an increase in energy efficiency arises as an additional benefit.
- the monocoque housing is manufactured using a fiber composite material.
- Components made using (at least) one fiber composite material can provide sufficient stiffness and good damping at very low mass.
- a fiber composite material for the production or in the production of a component of the honing machine that can be moved with the honing spindle, it is possible to reduce the weight and mass inertia of the corresponding component compared to a similarly designed and dimensioned component made of a metallic material (e.g. steel material or Aluminum material) to reduce significantly.
- a metallic material e.g. steel material or Aluminum material
- a carbon fiber reinforced plastic which can also be referred to as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- a plastic matrix for example an epoxy resin, another duromer or a thermoplastic
- the mechanical properties of the hardened fiber composite benefit from the tensile strength of the carbon fibers.
- the plastic matrix prevents the fibers from shifting against each other under load and also contributes to the cushioning properties of the material.
- GRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
- two or more fiber composite materials of different types can be combined.
- a lightweight component produced using a fiber composite material can essentially consist entirely of the fiber-reinforced plastic material.
- the core can, for example, essentially consist of a pressure-resistant lightweight material in which cavities are enclosed.
- the monocoque housing and/or one or more other components that can be moved with the honing spindle using a metal foam, for example an aluminum foam.
- the rotatably mounted honing spindle prefferably designed as a lightweight component.
- the lifting drive has a linear motor with a primary part attached to a stand of the honing machine and a secondary part that can be moved linearly relative to the primary part and that is integrated into a carriage that carries the spindle housing, with at least one component of the carriage being designed as a lightweight component.
- the carriage can contain a carriage plate that is designed as a lightweight component.
- the lightweight component in particular the monocoque housing, possibly also other components, is manufactured using a near-net-shape manufacturing process that includes at least one manufacturing step of lamination, foaming and/or 3D printing.
- a near-net-shape manufacturing process that includes at least one manufacturing step of lamination, foaming and/or 3D printing.
- Such production processes usually require relatively little post-processing or no post-processing at all and allow rapid, cost-effective production of even complex shapes.
- the lightweight component has an insert part that is not made of a lightweight construction material at at least one connection point for connecting the lightweight component to another component.
- the insert can, for example, essentially be made of steel, aluminum, magnesium, brass or titanium.
- At least one through-channel is formed in the lightweight component, leading from an inlet opening to an outlet opening, through which a flowable medium or at least one Line passed or passed through.
- Such through-channels can be provided, for example, in order to route cooling lubricant lines, pneumatic lines, electrical lines and/or the like. If such lines are routed through the interior of a lightweight component, they can be protected against environmental influences by the lightweight component and the entire honing machine also makes a "tidy" impression.
- a through-channel can also be used directly as a line for a flowable medium, e.g. a cooling liquid or cooling lubricant.
- the honing machine can be designed as a horizontal honing machine (with a horizontally aligned honing spindle) or as a vertical honing machine (with a vertically aligned honing spindle).
- Vertical honing machines offer particular advantages, since the influence of weight on the lifting movement can be reduced by using lightweight components.
- FIG 3 an example of a conventional honing machine 300 is explained, which in principle can be constructed as shown in FIG DE 102 25 514 B4 described.
- a workpiece 390 is clamped on a machining platform, the bore 392 of which is to be honed using the honing tool 380 .
- the honing tool 380 is accommodated in a cone at the lower end of a honing spindle 370 and is moved up and down together with the honing spindle in a vertical lifting movement during operation of the honing machine. As a result, the vertical movement component of the working movement of the honing tool is carried out.
- the honing spindle is movably mounted in a metallic spindle housing 330 and can be rotated about its spindle axis (longitudinal central axis) by means of a rotary drive in the form of an electric motor integrated into the spindle housing. This creates the rotary component of the working movement of the honing tool.
- the honing spindle is driven in an oscillating manner parallel to its spindle axis by means of a lifting drive.
- the lifting drive comprises an electric linear motor with a primary part attached to a stand 302 of the honing machine and a secondary part that can be moved linearly relative to the primary part.
- the secondary part is integrated into a carriage 310 made of steel, which is guided in a linearly displaceable manner on a vertical guide device.
- the carriage 310 supports the spindle housing 330, which can thus be moved up and down vertically together with the carriage.
- the secondary part is the moving part and the primary part is the stationary part of an electric linear motor.
- an electric expansion drive is provided, which is coupled via an expansion gear with an axially movable feed rod inside the honing spindle 370 .
- the metallic housing 350 which surrounds the expansion drive, is flanged to the top of the spindle housing.
- the honing unit with the spindle housing 330 and honing spindle 370 and the honing tool 380 accommodated therein is lowered far enough for the honing stones 382 of the honing tool to dip into the bore.
- the honing spindle 370 is simultaneously moved back and forth (i.e., up and down) and rotated.
- the two labor movements are coordinated in such a way that a cross-hatch pattern typical of honing is created on the inner surface of the machined bore.
- the vertical support 302 and the rails for the carriage 310 attached thereto and the primary part of the linear motor are among the stationary components of the honing machine.
- the carriage 310 with the integrated secondary part of the linear motor and all components carried by the carriage are among those components which are moved together in the honing spindle during machining.
- the honing spindle 170 of the exemplary embodiment is rotatably mounted within a housing 150 using roller bearings in such a way that it can rotate about its vertical spindle axis 172 relative to the housing 150 .
- the rotary drive 135 is designed as a direct electric drive and includes a stator 135-1 fixedly mounted in the housing 150 and a rotor 135-2 mounted on the outside of the honing spindle 170, which rotor can rotate inside the stator.
- the honing spindle 170 has an inner through hole in which a feed rod 180 of the expansion system is guided so that it can move axially.
- the feed rod rotates with the speed of the honing spindle with this.
- the axial movement of the feed rod is brought about with the aid of an expanding drive 155, which is designed as a direct electric drive.
- a stator 155 - 1 of the expander drive is fixedly mounted with respect to the housing 150 .
- the rotor 155-2 which can be rotated relative to the stator, is coupled to a spindle nut 157, the internal thread of which interacts with the external thread of a threaded spindle 158 of the expansion drive.
- the threaded spindle 158 is fixedly attached to a housing cover which is fixedly connected to the housing 150 .
- the spindle nut runs along the threaded spindle, as a result of which the (shorter) rotor is moved axially relative to the (longer) stator.
- the spindle nut is coupled to the feed rod via a receiving sleeve 159, which rotates with the spindle nut and is rotatably mounted relative to the feed rod, in such a way that the axial movement of the spindle nut is transferred to the delivery bar.
- a rotation of the rotor 155-2 of the expansion drive 155 relative to the stator causes an axial movement of the infeed rod 180 parallel to the spindle axis 172.
- This infeed can be clocked or controlled.
- the combination of spindle 158 and spindle nut 157 acts as an expansion gear, which converts the rotation of the rotor into an axial movement of the feed rod.
- the housing 150 essentially consists of a single component, which serves both as a housing for the rotary drive 135 of the honing spindle 170 and as a housing for the expanding drive 155.
- the housing 150 has a spindle housing section 150-1, which encloses the stator 135-1 of the rotary drive 135 for the honing spindle, and an expanding system section 150-2, which is formed in one piece with the spindle housing section and has a smaller diameter, and which is used, among other things, for Recording the expansion drive 155 is used.
- This integration of a plurality of components that are manufactured separately in the prior art and then components that are then assembled together in a single component is also referred to here as a monocoque housing 150 .
- the interface between the housing of the spindle motor and the separate housing, which encloses the expansion drive and the expansion gear, is eliminated.
- potential causes of error such as the unintentional loosening of connections in the area of the interface during prolonged operation and possible incorrect adjustments when aligning the expander drive and spindle drive, can be avoided in principle.
- Another special feature is that several components that can be moved together with the honing spindle 170 are manufactured as lightweight components using at least one lightweight construction material.
- the housing 150 is a one-piece, elongated hollow body, the wall sections of which are produced using a fiber composite material, for example carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP).
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- the outer and inner walls of the monocoque housing essentially consist of layers of laminated fiber composite material FV, while between the outer walls there is a core K with a low mass density, which is filled, for example, with pressure-resistant filler with glass beads or other stiff, light hollow bodies (see enlarged detail in Fig Figure 1A ).
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- the carriage 110 linearly guided on the stationary stand 102 is significantly lighter with the same dimensions as a conventional carriage, since the carriage plate 112 as an essential component of the carriage is also produced as a lightweight component using a fiber composite material.
- the components integrated therein, for example the secondary part of the linear motor for the lifting movement, can be configured as in the conventional honing machine.
- a through-channel 113 running from top to bottom, through which a cooling liquid for tool cooling can be conducted, starting from an upper media connection (not shown).
- Further through holes 114A, 114B run in the carriage plate 112 and in the monocoque housing, which lead from an upper media connection through horizontal sections into the interior of the monocoque housing. These are used to supply coolant for cooling the rotary drive 135.
- Electrical lines, e.g. for transmitters or sensors, can be passed through further vertical through-channels 115.
- the embodiment of 2 is similar or identical in most details to the embodiment of FIG 1 . There is a difference in the design of the inner contour of the monocoque housing 250 in the area of the transition between the expansion system section 250-2 and the adjoining spindle housing section 250-1 with a larger diameter.
- the stator of the expansion drive is based in the embodiment of 1 axially onto an annular collar 156 which, starting from the housing wall, protrudes inwards and surrounds a through-opening for the feed rod.
- annular collar 156 two molds are used in the production of the exemplary embodiment, namely one mold which extends from the top of the inner area to the shoulder (annular collar 156) and another mold which extends from the lower passage opening for the honing spindle to to the shoulder.
- this ring collar is omitted, which makes it possible to produce the monocoque housing 250 with only a single inner mold, which can be inserted from the side with the larger diameter and can also be removed on this side.
- that inner sleeve 255 which holds, among other things, the upper rotary bearing for the honing spindle, is continued in the direction of the smaller diameter and is pulled inwards at the end, so that a support surface for the stator is formed.
- the mass of some components of a honing spindle unit is reduced through the use of fiber composite materials and/or other lightweight construction materials.
- the housing and connection components can be made of composite material, for example glass fiber reinforced or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GRP/CRP).
- foamed materials such as metal foams (e.g. aluminum foam) in raw form, as sandwich components with cover sheets or as filling material between the inner and outer geometry are possible.
- glass fiber composite materials have a tensile strength of up to 1000 N/mm 2 , depending on the direction of the fibres.
- Carbon fiber composite materials have a tensile strength of up to 1400 N/mm 2 with a density of approx. 1.5 g/cm 2 .
- Aramid fiber reinforced plastics have even lower densities of about 1.4 g/cm 3 with tensile strengths similar to those of carbon fiber reinforced plastics.
- Pure aluminum foams have a density of -0.5 g/cm 3 . With composite or sandwich materials, around 1.0 g/cm 3 seems realistic.
- a material-specific design of the geometry of the components that move with the honing spindle can contribute to exploiting the potential of lightweight construction materials when constructing a honing spindle unit. This can mean, among other things, that components can be designed as slim as possible and that there should only be more material in places that absorb or dissipate forces.
- the moving mass can be reduced by reducing the number of connection points and substituting screw connections, for example with adhesive connections or by laminating in connection parts.
- screw connections for example with adhesive connections or by laminating in connection parts.
- laminated or foamed components such as GRP, CFRP, aramid fibers
- fully metal inserts e.g. made of steel, aluminium, magnesium, brass or titanium, is possible in the area of connection points for design reasons.
- the monocoque proposed in this application i.e. an integral housing body.
- a continuous tube is possible, in which all components (spindle motor for generating the tool rotation, expanding gear for active tool feed and clamping/release of the tool in the processing spindle ...) as well as connecting elements and interfaces (cables, media) are integrated. This allows the number of components used, and thus the mass, to be reduced.
- a close-to-net-shape production makes it possible to easily produce a mass and performance-oriented processing unit with minimal post-processing, for example only on fits and screwing surfaces, and subsequent assembly of pre-assembled individual assemblies.
- minimal post-processing for example only on fits and screwing surfaces
- subsequent assembly of pre-assembled individual assemblies By reducing the number of components, there are fewer interfaces, which reduces the likelihood of loose connections.
- the monocoque housing dissipates the forces that occur within the housing body in the best possible way. These aspects increase the accuracy of the processing unit.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Honmaschine zum Honen von Bohrungen in Werkstücken gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a honing machine for honing bores in workpieces according to the preamble of claim 1.
Das Honen ist ein Zerspanungsverfahren mit geometrisch unbestimmten Schneiden, bei dem ein Honwerkzeug eine aus zwei Komponenten bestehende Schnittbewegung ausführt und eine ständige Flächenberührung zwischen einem oder mehreren Schneidstoffkörpern des Honwerkzeugs und der zu bearbeitenden Bohrungsinnenfläche vorliegt. Die Kinematik eines aufweitbaren Honwerkzeugs ist charakterisiert durch eine Überlagerung einer Drehbewegung, einer in Axialrichtung der Bohrung verlaufenden, oszillierenden Hubbewegung und einer Aufweitbewegung, die zu einer Veränderung des wirksamen Durchmessers des Honwerkzeugs führt. An der Bohrungsinnenfläche ergibt sich in der Regel eine Oberflächenstruktur mit sich überkreuzenden Bearbeitungsspuren. Durch Honen endbearbeitete Oberflächen können extrem hohen Anforderungen bezüglich Maß- und Formtoleranzen genügen, so dass viele hoch belastete Gleitflächen in Motoren oder Motorbauteilen, z.B. Zylinderlaufflächen in Motorblöcken oder Bohrungsinnenflächen in Gehäusen von Einspritzpumpen, durch Honen bearbeitet werden.Honing is a machining process with geometrically undefined cutting edges, in which a honing tool performs a cutting movement consisting of two components and there is constant surface contact between one or more cutting material bodies of the honing tool and the inner surface of the bore to be machined. The kinematics of an expandable honing tool is characterized by a superimposition of a rotary movement, an oscillating lifting movement running in the axial direction of the bore and an expanding movement, which leads to a change in the effective diameter of the honing tool. On the inner surface of the bore, there is usually a surface structure with crossing traces of processing. Surfaces finished by honing can meet extremely high requirements in terms of dimensional and shape tolerances, so that many highly stressed sliding surfaces in engines or engine components, e.g. cylinder running surfaces in engine blocks or inner bore surfaces in injection pump housings, are processed by honing.
Eine zum Honen geeignete Honmaschine ist eine Werkzeugmaschine, deren Arbeitsspindel in der Regel als Honspindel bezeichnet wird. Die Honspindel ist in einem Spindelgehäuse beweglich gelagert, mittels eines Drehantriebs um ihre Längsmittelachse (Spindelachse) drehbar und mittels eines Hubantriebs parallel zur Spindelachse oszillierend antreibar. An einem werkzeugseitigen Ende weist die Honspindel eine Einrichtung zum Befestigen einer Honwerkzeuganordnung mit einem aufweitbaren Honwerkzeug auf. Für die Aufweitung des Honwerkzeugs gibt es unterschiedliche Konzepte. Häufig ist ein Aufweitantrieb zur Aufweitung des Honwerkzeugs vorgesehen, wobei der Aufweitantrieb mit dem Spindelgehäuse verbunden ist und über ein Aufweitgetriebe auf eine im Inneren der Honspindel verlaufende Zustellstange wirkt, die mittelbar oder unmittelbar eine radiale Verschiebung von Schneidstoffkörpern des Honwerkzeugs bewirkt.A honing machine suitable for honing is a machine tool whose work spindle is usually referred to as a honing spindle. The honing spindle is movably mounted in a spindle housing, can be rotated about its longitudinal central axis (spindle axis) by means of a rotary drive and can be driven in an oscillating manner parallel to the spindle axis by means of a lifting drive. At a tool-side end, the honing spindle has a device for attaching a honing tool arrangement with an expandable honing tool. There are different concepts for expanding the honing tool. An expansion drive is often provided for expanding the honing tool, with the expansion drive being connected to the spindle housing and acting via an expansion gear on a feed rod running inside the honing spindle, which directly or indirectly causes a radial displacement of cutting material bodies of the honing tool.
Zur Optimierung der Wirtschaftlichkeit und Qualität von Honverfahren werden zunehmend hochdynamische Direktantriebe für Hub und Rotation eingesetzt, die eine Honbearbeitung mit hohen Hubgeschwindigkeiten (zurzeit beispielsweise bis ca. 100 m/min) und Drehzahlen (zurzeit beispielsweise bis ca. 5000 U/min) ermöglichen. Es besteht Bedarf an Honmaschinen, die auch unter sehr dynamischen Arbeitsbedingungen den angestrebten Zweck erfüllen.In order to optimize the economic efficiency and quality of honing processes, highly dynamic direct drives for lifting and rotation are increasingly being used, which enable honing with high lifting speeds (currently, for example, up to approx. 100 m/min) and speeds (currently for example up to approx. 5000 rpm). There is a need for honing machines that fulfill the intended purpose even under very dynamic working conditions.
Zur hochdynamischen Bewegung von Maschinenteilen sind Direktantriebe bekannt, insbesondere in der Ausführung als Linearmotor. In der
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Die Honmaschine hat eine Honspindel. Die Honspindel ist in einem Spindelgehäuse beweglich gelagert. Dieses umfasst eine Trägereinheit, die einen vertikal ausgerichteten rohrartigen Rahmen umfasst. Die Spindel ist mittels eines Hubantriebs parallel zur Spindelachse oszillierend antreibbar. An einem werkzeugseitigen Ende der Honspindel ist eine Einrichtung zum Befestigen einer Honwerkzeuganordnung mit einem aufweitbaren Honwerkzeug vorgesehen. Ein Aufweitantrieb ist mit einer im Inneren der Honspindel verlaufenden Zustellstange gekoppelt. Der nicht näher beschriebene Aufweitantrieb ist an der Oberseite des nicht näher beschriebenen Drehantriebs befestigt, wird von diesem getragen und hat selbst keine feste Verbindung zu der Trägereinheit und dem Rahmen des Spindelgehäuses.The honing machine has a honing spindle. The honing spindle is movably mounted in a spindle housing. This includes a support unit that includes a vertically aligned tubular frame. The spindle can be driven to oscillate parallel to the spindle axis by means of a lifting drive. A device for attaching a honing tool arrangement with an expandable honing tool is provided at a tool-side end of the honing spindle. An expanding drive is coupled to a feed rod running inside the honing spindle. The expanding drive, which is not described in detail, is fastened to the top of the rotary drive, which is not described in detail, is carried by it and itself has no fixed connection to the carrier unit and the frame of the spindle housing.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Honmaschine bereitzustellen, die eine wirtschaftliche Fertigung gehonter Werkstücke mit kurzen Taktzeiten bei hoher Qualität ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object of providing a honing machine which enables economical production of honed workpieces with short cycle times and high quality.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe stellt die Erfindung eine Honmaschine mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 bereit. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Der Wortlaut sämtlicher Ansprüche wird zur Bezugnahme zum Inhalt der Beschreibung gemacht.To solve this problem, the invention provides a honing machine with the features of claim 1 ready. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated by reference into the description.
Eine Honmaschine gemäß der beanspruchten Erfindung weist ein Monocoque-Gehäuse auf, das einen als Spindelgehäuse dienenden Spindelgehäuse-Abschnitt zur Aufnahme des Drehantriebs und einen einstückig mit dem Spindelgehäuse-Abschnitt ausgebildeten Aufweitsystem-Abschnitt zur Aufnahme des Aufweitantriebs aufweist.A honing machine according to the claimed invention has a monocoque housing which has a spindle housing section serving as a spindle housing for accommodating the rotary drive and an expanding system section formed integrally with the spindle housing section for accommodating the expanding drive.
Dabei ist der Drehantrieb als elektrischer Direktantrieb ausgebildet und weist einen fest im Spindelgehäuse-Abschnitt des Monocoque-Gehäuses montierten Stator sowie einen an der Außenseite der Honspindel montierten Rotor auf, der sich innerhalb des Stators drehen kann. Weiterhin ist der Aufweitantrieb als elektrischer Direktantrieb ausgebildet, wobei ein Stator des Aufweitantriebs fest im Aufweitsystem-Abschnitt des Monocoque-Gehäuses montiert ist und ein gegenüber dem Stator drehbare Rotor mit der Zustellstange so gekoppelt ist, dass eine Drehung des Rotors des Aufweitantriebs gegenüber dem Stator eine axiale Bewegung der Zustellstange parallel zur Spindelachse bewirkt.The rotary drive is designed as a direct electric drive and has a stator mounted firmly in the spindle housing section of the monocoque housing and one on the Outside of the honing spindle mounted rotor that can rotate inside the stator. Furthermore, the expansion drive is designed as a direct electric drive, with a stator of the expansion drive being permanently mounted in the expansion system section of the monocoque housing and a rotor that can rotate relative to the stator being coupled to the feed rod in such a way that the rotor of the expansion drive can rotate relative to the stator causes axial movement of the feed rod parallel to the spindle axis.
Sofern der Aufweitantrieb über ein Aufweitgetriebe mit der Zustellstange bewegungstübertragend gekoppelt ist, ist vorzugsweise auch das Aufweitgetriebe in dem Aufweitsystem-Abschnitt untergebracht.If the expansion drive is coupled to the feed rod in a movement-transmitting manner via an expansion gear, the expansion gear is preferably also accommodated in the expansion system section.
Ein Monocoque-Gehäuse bietet gegenüber herkömmlichen Lösungen mit separaten Gehäusen für Drehantrieb und Aufweitantrieb u.a. die Möglichkeit einer erheblichen Gewichtsersparnis, da aufgrund der integrierten Bauform einige Gehäuseteile, Flansche, Befestigungsmittel etc. entfallen können. Dies bringt gerade bei Honmaschinen spezifische Vorteile. Bei Honmaschinen müssen Antriebe neben den Prozesskräften auch Gewichts- und Beschleunigungskräfte aufbringen. Insbesondere bei hochdynamischen Maschinen und/oder vertikal verlaufenden Achsbewegungen führt dies dazu, dass große Antriebsleistungen vorgehalten werden müssen, die meist ihrerseits wieder mit einer Vergrößerung der bewegten Masse einhergehen. Eine Gewichtsersparnis schafft hier erheblich bessere Bedingungen.Compared to conventional solutions with separate housings for rotary drive and expansion drive, a monocoque housing offers the possibility of considerable weight savings, since the integrated design means that some housing parts, flanges, fasteners, etc. can be omitted. This brings specific advantages, especially with honing machines. In the case of honing machines, in addition to the process forces, drives must also apply weight and acceleration forces. Especially with highly dynamic machines and / or vertical axis movements, this means that large drive power must be kept available usually go hand in hand with an increase in the moving mass. A weight saving creates significantly better conditions here.
Neben der Gewichtsersparnis ergeben sich Vorteile hinsichtlich der Präzision der gegenseitigen Ausrichtung von Aufweitantrieb oder Aufweitsystem und Drehantrieb und bei der Montage. Während bei herkömmlichen Honmaschinen das Aufweitsystem typischerweise als eine vom Spindelgehäuse separate Baugruppe gefertigt wurde, die mithilfe eines Anschlussflansches an das Spindelgehäuse mit Drehantrieb angeflanscht wurde, können diese Montageschritte bei Verwendung eines Monocoque-Gehäuses entfallen. Wegen der integrierten Gehäusebauform und dem Wegfall von Verbindungsstellen zwischen separaten Gehäusen besteht auch nicht mehr die Gefahr, dass sich die Verbindungen zwischen separaten Gehäuseteilen bei längerer Wechselbeanspruchung lockern können.In addition to the weight savings, there are advantages with regard to the precision of the mutual alignment of the expansion drive or expansion system and rotary drive and during assembly. While in conventional honing machines the expansion system was typically manufactured as a separate assembly from the spindle housing, which was flanged to the spindle housing with rotary drive using a connecting flange, these assembly steps can be omitted when using a monocoque housing. Because of the integrated housing design and the omission of connection points between separate housings, there is no longer a risk that the connections between separate housing parts could become loose in the event of prolonged alternating stress.
Es ist möglich, das Monocoque-Gehäuse aus einem konventionellen Stahlwerkstoff herzustellen. Vorzugsweise werden jedoch weitere Maßnahmen zur Gewichtsreduzierung ergriffen. Ein Monocoque-Gehäuse könnte z.B. als Aluminiumgussteil (Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung, z.B. Al-Mg) hergestellt werden. Als besonders vorteilhaft werden Ausführungsformen angesehen, bei denen das Monocoque-Gehäuse als Leichtbau-Komponente unter Verwendung eines Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffs hergestellt ist. Wenn das mit der Honspindel bewegliche Monocoque-Gehäuse eine Leichtbau-Komponente, d.h. eine unter Verwendung eines Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffs hergestellte Komponente, ist, dann kann die bewegte Masse gegenüber herkömmlichen Lösungen deutlich reduziert werden. Eine geringere bewegte Masse bewirkt, dass mit der zur Verfügung stehenden Kraft eine höhere Beschleunigung der Masse möglich ist. Dies ist besonders beim Honen vorteilhaft, da hier bei der Hubbewegung eine axiale hin- und hergehende Bewegungskomponente vorliegt. Noch deutlicher wird der Nutzen bei Vertikal-Honmaschinen, da bei einer vertikalen Anordnung der axialen Bewegung die Reduktion der Gewichtskraft der bewegten Bauteile sich zusätzlich positiv auf das dynamische Verhalten der Honmaschine auswirkt.It is possible to manufacture the monocoque body from a conventional steel material. However, further weight reduction measures are preferably taken. For example, a monocoque housing could be manufactured as an aluminum casting (aluminum or aluminum alloy, e.g. Al-Mg). Embodiments are considered to be particularly advantageous in which the monocoque housing is produced as a lightweight component using a lightweight construction material. If the monocoque housing that moves with the honing spindle is a lightweight component, i.e. a component manufactured using a lightweight construction material, then the moving mass can be significantly reduced compared to conventional solutions. A lower moving mass means that a higher acceleration of the mass is possible with the available force. This is particularly advantageous for honing, since there is an axial reciprocating movement component during the stroke movement. The benefits are even clearer with vertical honing machines, since with a vertical arrangement of the axial movement, the reduction in the weight of the moving components also has a positive effect on the dynamic behavior of the honing machine.
Bei vielen Bearbeitungsaufgaben ist die Amplitude der axialen Bewegung durch äußere Beschränkungen wie die Werkstücklänge vorgegeben. Eine Erhöhung der Maximalgeschwindigkeit und der Beschleunigung in den Umsteuerpunkten der Hubbewegung führt zu einer erhöhten mittleren Axialgeschwindigkeit. Oftmals begrenzt die Axialgeschwindigkeit die mögliche Schnittgeschwindigkeit und somit den erreichbaren Werkstoffabtrag. Deshalb können mit erhöhten axialen Geschwindigkeiten letztendlich kürzere Bearbeitungszeiten und somit kürzere Taktzeiten für ein Werkstück erreicht werden.In many machining tasks, the amplitude of the axial movement is dictated by external constraints such as workpiece length. An increase in the maximum speed and the acceleration in the reversal points of the lifting movement leads to an increased average axial speed. The axial speed often limits the possible cutting speed and thus the achievable material removal. Therefore, shorter machining times and thus shorter cycle times for a workpiece can ultimately be achieved with increased axial speeds.
Gemeinsam mit erhöhter Dynamik von bewegten Maschinenteilen können auch Schwingungen auftreten. Diese sind in der Regel unerwünscht, da die Bearbeitungsqualität durch diesen Störfaktor sinkt. Durch die Verwendung geeigneter Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffe mit hoher Steifigkeit und guten Dämpfungseigenschaften anstelle massiver Bauteile aus Stahl oder anderen herkömmlicher Konstruktionswerkstoffen lassen sich unerwünschte Schwingungen stärker dämpfen, so dass das Bearbeitungsergebnis verbessert wird.Vibrations can also occur together with the increased dynamics of moving machine parts. As a rule, these are undesirable, since the processing quality decreases as a result of this disruptive factor. By using suitable lightweight construction materials with high rigidity and good damping properties instead of solid components made of steel or other conventional construction materials, unwanted vibrations can be damped more, so that the machining result is improved.
Eine verringerte bewegte Masse kann weiterhin zur Senkung des Energieverbrauchs einer Bearbeitungsmaschine beitragen, so dass hier eine Steigerung der Energieeffizienz als zusätzlicher Nutzen entsteht.A reduced moving mass can also contribute to reducing the energy consumption of a processing machine, so that an increase in energy efficiency arises as an additional benefit.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung ist das Monocoque-Gehäuse unter Verwendung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs hergestellt. Komponenten, die unter Verwendung (mindestens) eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs hergestellt werden, können ausreichend Steifigkeit und gute Dämpfung bei sehr geringer Masse bieten. Durch die Verwendung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs für die Herstellung oder bei der Herstellung einer mit der Honspindel beweglichen Komponenten der Honmaschine ist es möglich, das Gewicht und die Massenträgheit der entsprechenden Komponente im Vergleich zu einer ähnlich gestalteten und dimensionierten Komponente aus einem metallischen Werkstoff (zum Beispiel Stahlwerkstoff oder Aluminiumwerkstoff) erheblich zu reduzieren. Gleichzeitig kann eine ausreichende Steifigkeit der entsprechenden Komponente sichergestellt werden. Hierdurch kann die Steigerung der Dynamik der Honbearbeitung ohne Einbußen bei der Qualität erreicht werden.According to a development, the monocoque housing is manufactured using a fiber composite material. Components made using (at least) one fiber composite material can provide sufficient stiffness and good damping at very low mass. By using a fiber composite material for the production or in the production of a component of the honing machine that can be moved with the honing spindle, it is possible to reduce the weight and mass inertia of the corresponding component compared to a similarly designed and dimensioned component made of a metallic material (e.g. steel material or Aluminum material) to reduce significantly. At the same time, sufficient rigidity of the corresponding component can be ensured. As a result, the dynamics of the honing process can be increased without sacrificing quality.
Vorzugsweise wird als Faserverbundwerkstoff ein carbonfaserverstärkter Kunststoff (CFK) verwendet, der auch als kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kunststoff (KFK) bezeichnet werden kann. Bei einem derartigen Faserverbundwerkstoff sind Kohlestofffasern in einer Matrix aus Kunststoff (beispielsweise einem Epoxidharz, einem anderen Duromer oder einem Thermoplast) eingebettet. Dabei profitieren die mechanischen Eigenschaften des ausgehärteten Faserverbundwerkstoffs von der Zugfestigkeit der Kohlenstofffasern. Die Kunststoff-Matrix verhindert, dass sich die Fasern unter Belastung gegeneinander verschieben und trägt außerdem zu den Dämpfungseigenschaften des Materials bei. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es z.B. auch möglich, als Faserverbundwerkstoff einen glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoff (GFK) zu verwenden. Bei der Herstellung einer mit der Honspindel beweglichen Komponente können zwei oder mehr Faserverbundwerkstoffe unterschiedlichen Typs kombiniert werden.A carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), which can also be referred to as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), is preferably used as the fiber composite material. In such a fiber composite material, carbon fibers are embedded in a plastic matrix (for example an epoxy resin, another duromer or a thermoplastic). The mechanical properties of the hardened fiber composite benefit from the tensile strength of the carbon fibers. The plastic matrix prevents the fibers from shifting against each other under load and also contributes to the cushioning properties of the material. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible, for example, to use a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) as the fiber composite material. When manufacturing a component that moves with the honing spindle, two or more fiber composite materials of different types can be combined.
Eine unter Verwendung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs hergestellte Leichtbau-Komponente kann im Wesentlichen vollständig aus dem faserverstärkten Kunststoffmaterial bestehen. In manchen Fällen ist es auch möglich, die entsprechende Leichtbau-Komponente so zu konstruieren, dass sie einen Kern geringer Massendichte aufweist, der durch eine Hülle aus Faserverbundwerkstoff umschlossen ist. Hierdurch kann bei mindestens gleichbleibender mechanischer Stabilität der Komponente die bewegliche Masse weiter verringert werden. Der Kern kann beispielsweise im Wesentlichen aus einem druckstabilen Leichtmaterial bestehen, in welchem Hohlräume eingeschlossen sind.A lightweight component produced using a fiber composite material can essentially consist entirely of the fiber-reinforced plastic material. In In some cases, it is also possible to construct the corresponding lightweight component in such a way that it has a low-density core surrounded by a fiber-composite shell. As a result, the movable mass can be further reduced while the mechanical stability of the component remains at least the same. The core can, for example, essentially consist of a pressure-resistant lightweight material in which cavities are enclosed.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist es auch möglich, das Monocoque-Gehäuse und/oder eine oder mehrere andere mit der Honspindel bewegliche Komponenten unter Verwendung eines Metallschaums herzustellen, beispielsweise eines Aluminiumschaums.Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to produce the monocoque housing and/or one or more other components that can be moved with the honing spindle using a metal foam, for example an aluminum foam.
Weiterhin ist es alternativ oder zusätzlich möglich, dass die drehbar gelagerte Honspindel als Leichtbau-Komponente ausgebildet ist.Furthermore, it is alternatively or additionally possible for the rotatably mounted honing spindle to be designed as a lightweight component.
Bei manchen Ausführungsformen weist der Hubantrieb einen Linearmotor mit einem an einem Ständer der Honmaschine befestigten Primärteil und einen gegenüber dem Primärteil linear verfahrbaren Sekundärteil auf, welches in einen das Spindelgehäuse tragenden Schlitten integriert ist, wobei mindestens ein Bauteil des Schlittens als Leichtbau-Komponente ausgebildet ist. Beispielsweise kann der Schlitten eine Schlittenplatte enthalten, die als Leichtbau-Komponente ausgebildet ist.In some embodiments, the lifting drive has a linear motor with a primary part attached to a stand of the honing machine and a secondary part that can be moved linearly relative to the primary part and that is integrated into a carriage that carries the spindle housing, with at least one component of the carriage being designed as a lightweight component. For example, the carriage can contain a carriage plate that is designed as a lightweight component.
Neben den erheblichen Vorteilen im Betrieb der Honmaschine lassen sich auch bei der Herstellung Vorteile erzielen. Bei manchen Ausführungsformen ist vorgesehen, dass die Leichtbau-Komponente, insbesondere das Monocoque-Gehäuse, ggf. auch andere Komponenten, unter Nutzung eines endformnahen Herstellungsverfahrens hergestellt ist, welches mindestens einen Fertigungsschritt des Laminierens, des Aufschäumens und/oder des 3D-Druckens umfasst. Solche Herstellungsverfahren kommen in der Regel mit relativ wenig spanender Nachbearbeitung oder völlig ohne spanende Nachbearbeitung aus und erlauben eine schnelle, kostengünstige Herstellung auch komplexer Formen.In addition to the considerable advantages in the operation of the honing machine, advantages can also be achieved in production. In some embodiments, it is provided that the lightweight component, in particular the monocoque housing, possibly also other components, is manufactured using a near-net-shape manufacturing process that includes at least one manufacturing step of lamination, foaming and/or 3D printing. Such production processes usually require relatively little post-processing or no post-processing at all and allow rapid, cost-effective production of even complex shapes.
Die Komponenten der Honmaschine sind während des Betriebs teilweise erheblichen dynamischen und statischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Um diesen dauerhaft standhalten zu können, ist bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen vorgesehen, dass die Leichtbau-Komponente an mindestens einer Verbindungsstelle zur Verbindung der Leichtbau-Komponente mit einem anderen Bauteil ein nicht aus einem Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoff bestehendes Einlegeteil aufweist. Das Einlegeteil kann beispielsweise im Wesentlichen aus Stahl, Aluminium, Magnesium, Messing oder Titan bestehen. Hierdurch kann beispielsweise im Bereich von Schraubverbindungen zu benachbarten Komponenten eine Stabilisierung der Leichtbau-Komponente erzielt werden.The components of the honing machine are sometimes exposed to considerable dynamic and static loads during operation. In order to be able to withstand these permanently, preferred embodiments provide that the lightweight component has an insert part that is not made of a lightweight construction material at at least one connection point for connecting the lightweight component to another component. The insert can, for example, essentially be made of steel, aluminum, magnesium, brass or titanium. As a result, stabilization of the lightweight component can be achieved, for example, in the area of screw connections to adjacent components.
Die Möglichkeit, auch komplexe Formen mithilfe eines Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffes schnell und günstig herzustellen, wird bei manchen Ausführungsformen dadurch genutzt, dass in der Leichtbau-Komponente mindestens ein von einer Eingangsöffnung zu einer Ausgangsöffnung führender Durchgangskanal ausgebildet ist, durch den ein fließfähiges Medium oder mindestens eine Leitung hindurchgeführt oder hindurchführbar ist. Solche Durchgangskanäle können beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, um Kühlschmierstoffleitungen, Pneumatikleitungen, elektrische Leitungen und/oder Ähnliches hindurchzuführen. Werden solche Leitungen durch das Innere einer Leichtbau-Komponente hindurchgeführt, können sie durch die Leichtbau-Komponente gegen Umgebungseinflüsse geschützt werden und die gesamte Honmaschine macht darüber hinaus einen "aufgeräumten" Eindruck. Ein Durchgangskanal kann auch unmittelbar als Leitung für ein fließfähiges Medium, z.B. ein Kühlflüssigkeit oder Kühlschmierstoff, genutzt werden.The possibility of producing even complex shapes quickly and cheaply using a lightweight construction material is used in some embodiments in that at least one through-channel is formed in the lightweight component, leading from an inlet opening to an outlet opening, through which a flowable medium or at least one Line passed or passed through. Such through-channels can be provided, for example, in order to route cooling lubricant lines, pneumatic lines, electrical lines and/or the like. If such lines are routed through the interior of a lightweight component, they can be protected against environmental influences by the lightweight component and the entire honing machine also makes a "tidy" impression. A through-channel can also be used directly as a line for a flowable medium, e.g. a cooling liquid or cooling lubricant.
Die Honmaschine kann als Horizontal-Honmaschine (mit horizontal ausgerichteter Honspindel) oder als Vertikal-Honmaschine (mit vertikal ausgerichteter Honspindel) ausgestaltet sein. Besondere Vorteile bieten sich bei Vertikal-Honmaschinen, da dort auch der Einfluss der Gewichtskraft auf die Hubbewegung durch Verwendung von Leichtbau-Komponenten reduziert werden kann.The honing machine can be designed as a horizontal honing machine (with a horizontally aligned honing spindle) or as a vertical honing machine (with a vertically aligned honing spindle). Vertical honing machines offer particular advantages, since the influence of weight on the lifting movement can be reduced by using lightweight components.
Weitere Vorteile und Aspekte der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, die nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert sind.
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Fig. 1 zeigt einige Komponenten einer Honmaschine gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobeiFig. 1A einen Längsschnitt undFig. 1B eine vertikale Draufsicht zeigt; -
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt einer Honmaschine gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; -
Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch den Aufbau eine Honmaschine mit konventionellem Aufbau.
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1 shows some components of a honing machine according to a first embodiment of the invention, whereinFigure 1A a longitudinal section andFigure 1B shows a vertical plan view; -
2 shows a detail of a honing machine according to a second embodiment of the invention; -
3 shows schematically the structure of a honing machine with a conventional structure.
Zur Erleichterung des Verständnisses von Verbesserungen und Vorteilen erfindungsgemäßer Honmaschinen im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik wird zunächst anhand von
Die Honspindel ist in einem metallischen Spindelgehäuse 330 beweglich gelagert und kann mittels eines Drehantriebs in Form eines in das Spindelgehäuse integrierten Elektromotors um ihre Spindelachse (Längsmittelachse) gedreht werden. Dadurch wird die rotative Komponente der Arbeitsbewegung des Honwerkzeugs erzeugt.The honing spindle is movably mounted in a
Die Honspindel wird mittels eines Hubantriebs parallel zu ihrer Spindelachse oszillierend angetrieben. Der Hubantrieb umfasst einen elektrischen Linearmotor mit einem an einem Ständer 302 der Honmaschine befestigten Primärteil und einem gegenüber dem Primärteil linear verfahrbaren Sekundärteil. Der Sekundärteil ist in einen aus Stahl hergestellten Schlitten 310 integriert, der an einer vertikalen Führungseinrichtung linear verfahrbar geführt ist. Der Schlitten 310 trägt das Spindelgehäuse 330, welches somit gemeinsam mit dem Schlitten vertikal aufund ab bewegt werden kann. Der Sekundärteil ist dabei der bewegte Teil und der Primärteil der ortsfeste Teil eines elektrischen Linearmotors.The honing spindle is driven in an oscillating manner parallel to its spindle axis by means of a lifting drive. The lifting drive comprises an electric linear motor with a primary part attached to a
Für die Aufweitung des aufweitbaren Honwerkzeugs, also für die Veränderung des wirksamen Durchmessers des Honwerkzeugs, ist ein elektrischer Aufweitantrieb vorgesehen, der über ein Aufweitgetriebe mit einer im Inneren der Honspindel 370 axial beweglich geführten Zustellstange gekoppelt ist. Das metallische Gehäuse 350, welches den Aufweitantrieb umgibt, ist an die Oberseite des Spindelgehäuses angeflanscht.For the expansion of the expandable honing tool, ie for changing the effective diameter of the honing tool, an electric expansion drive is provided, which is coupled via an expansion gear with an axially movable feed rod inside the honing
Zur Bearbeitung der Bohrung 392 wird die Honeinheit mit Spindelgehäuse 330 und Honspindel 370 sowie dem darin aufgenommenen Honwerkzeug 380 so weit abgesenkt, dass die Honleisten 382 des Honwerkzeugs in die Bohrung eintauchen. Dann wird die Honspindel 370 gleichzeitig hin und her (das heißt auf und ab) bewegt und gedreht. Die beiden Arbeitsbewegungen werden so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass an der Innenfläche der bearbeiteten Bohrung ein für das Hon typisches Kreuzschliffmuster entsteht.To machine the
Der vertikale Träger 302 sowie die daran angebrachten Laufschienen für den Schlitten 310 und der Primärteil des Linearmotors gehören zu den ortsfesten Komponenten der Honmaschine. Der Schlitten 310 mit dem darin integrierten Sekundärteil des Linearmotors sowie alle von dem Schlitten getragenen Komponenten gehören zu denjenigen Komponenten, die während der Bearbeitung gemeinsam in der Honspindel bewegt werden.The
Anhand der
Die Honspindel 170 des Ausführungsbeispiels ist innerhalb eines Gehäuses 150 mithilfe von Wälzlagern derart drehbar gelagert, dass sie sich um ihre vertikale Spindelachse 172 gegenüber dem Gehäuse 150 drehen kann. Der Drehantrieb 135 ist als elektrischer Direktantrieb ausgebildet und umfasst einen fest im Gehäuse 150 montierten Stator 135-1 sowie einen an der Außenseite der Honspindel 170 montierten Rotor 135-2, der sich innerhalb des Stators drehen kann.The honing
Die Honspindel 170 hat eine innere Durchgangsbohrung, in der eine Zustellstange 180 des Aufweitsystems axial beweglich geführt ist. Die Zustellstange dreht sich mit der Drehzahl der Honspindel mit dieser mit. Die Axialbewegung der Zustellstange wird mithilfe eines Aufweitantriebs 155 bewirkt, der als elektrischer Direktantrieb ausgebildet ist. Ein Stator 155-1 des Aufweitantriebs ist in Bezug auf das Gehäuse 150 fest montiert. Der gegenüber dem Stator drehbare Rotor 155-2 ist mit einer Spindelmutter 157 gekoppelt, deren Innengewinde mit dem Au-βengewinde einer Gewindespindel 158 des Aufweitantriebs zusammenwirkt. Die Gewindespindel 158 ist fest einem fest mit dem Gehäuse 150 verbundenen Gehäusedeckel angebracht. Bei Drehung des Rotors läuft die Spindelmutter an der Gewindespindel entlang, wodurch der (kürzere) Rotor axial gegenüber dem (längeren) Stator axial bewegt wird. Die Spindelmutter ist über eine mit der Spindelmutter drehende und gegenüber der Zustellstange drehbar gelagerte Aufnahmehülse 159 mit der Zustellstange so gekoppelt, dass die Axialbewegung der Spindelmutter auf die Zustellstange übertragen wird. Somit bewirkt eine Drehung des Rotors 155-2 des Aufweitantriebs 155 gegenüber dem Stator eine axiale Bewegung der Zustellstange 180 parallel zur Spindelachse 172. Diese Zustellung kann taktend oder geregelt erfolgen. Die Kombination aus Spindel 158 und Spindelmutter 157 wirkt als Aufweitgetriebe, das die Drehung des Rotors in eine axiale Bewegung der Zustellstange umwandelt.The honing
Eine Besonderheit besteht darin, dass das Gehäuse 150 im Wesentlichen aus einem einzigen Bauteil besteht, das sowohl als Gehäuse für den Drehantrieb 135 der Honspindel 170 als auch als Gehäuse für den Aufweitantrieb 155 dient. Hierzu hat das Gehäuse 150 einen Spindelgehäuse-Abschnitt 150-1, der den Stator 135-1 des Drehantriebs 135 für die Honspindel umschließt, sowie einen einstückig mit dem Spindelgehäuse-Abschnitt ausgebildeten, im Durchmesser kleineren Aufweitsystem-Abschnitt 150-2, der u.a. zur Aufnahme des Aufweitantriebs 155 dient. Diese Integration mehrerer im Stand der Technik getrennt gefertigter Bauteile und danach aneinander montierter Bauteile in einem einzigen Bauteil wird hier auch als Monocoque-Gehäuse 150 bezeichnet.A special feature is that the
Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik gemäß
Eine weitere Besonderheit liegt darin, dass mehrere gemeinsam mit der Honspindel 170 bewegliche Komponenten als Leichtbau-Komponenten unter Verwendung mindestens eines Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffs hergestellt sind.Another special feature is that several components that can be moved together with the honing
Beispielsweise ist das Gehäuse 150 (Monocoque-Gehäuse) ein einstückiger, länglicher Hohlkörper, dessen Wandabschnitte unter Verwendung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs, beispielsweise Karbon-faserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK), hergestellt sind. Dabei bestehen die äußeren und inneren Wandungen des Monocoque-Gehäuses im Wesentlichen aus schichtweise laminiertem Faserverbundwerkstoff FV, während zwischen den Außenwänden ein Kern K mit geringer Massendichte liegt, der beispielsweise durch druckstabilen Füllstoff mit Glaskügelchen oder anderen steifen, leichten Hohlkörpern gefüllt ist (siehe Detailvergrößerung in
Weiterhin ist der am ortsfesten Ständer 102 linear geführte Schlitten 110 bei gleicher Dimension wie ein herkömmlicher Schlitten wesentlich leichter, da die Schlittenplatte 112 als wesentliche Komponente des Schlittens ebenfalls als Leichtbau-Komponente unter Verwendung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs hergestellt ist. Die darin integrierten Komponenten, beispielsweise der Sekundärteil des Linearmotors für die Hubbewegung können wie bei der herkömmlichen Honmaschine ausgestaltet sein.Furthermore, the
In der Schlittenplatte 112 verläuft ein von oben nach unten durchgehender Durchgangskanal 113, durch den ausgehend von einem (nicht dargestellten) oberen Medienanschluss eine Kühlflüssigkeit zur Werkzeugkühlung hindurchgeleitet werden kann. Weiterhin verlaufen in der Schlittenplatte 112 und im Monocoque-Gehäuse weitere Durchgangsbohrungen 114A, 114B, die von einem oberen Medienanschluss durch horizontale Abschnitte hindurch in das Innere des Monocoque-Gehäuse führen. Diese dienen der Zufuhr von Kühlflüssigkeit für die Kühlung des Drehantriebs 135. Durch weitere vertikale Durchgangskanäle 115 können elektrische Leitungen, z.B. für Geber oder Sensoren, hindurchgeführt werden.In the
Das Ausführungsbeispiel von
Bei der Variante von
Einige Aspekte bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele könne wie folgt beschrieben werden Die Masse einiger Komponenten einer Honspindeleinheit, die im Regelfall einer Bewegung ausgesetzt sind, wird durch die Verwendung von Faserverbundwerkstoffen und/oder anderen Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffen reduziert. Während Antriebs- und Lagerkomponenten nicht primär in einem Verbundwerkstoff ausgeführt werden können, bieten sich für Gehäuse- und Verbindungsbauteile die Ausführungen als Verbundwerkstoff, beispielsweise Glasfaserverstärkter oder Kohlenstofffaser-verstärkter Kunststoff (GFK/CFK), an. Weiterhin sind geschäumte Werkstoffe wie Metallschäume (z.B. Aluminiumschaum) in Rohform, als Sandwich-Komponenten mit Deckblechen oder als Füllmaterial zwischen Innen- und Außengeometrie möglich.Some aspects of preferred embodiments can be described as follows The mass of some components of a honing spindle unit, which are usually subject to movement, is reduced through the use of fiber composite materials and/or other lightweight construction materials. While drive and bearing components cannot primarily be made of a composite material, the housing and connection components can be made of composite material, for example glass fiber reinforced or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GRP/CRP). Furthermore, foamed materials such as metal foams (e.g. aluminum foam) in raw form, as sandwich components with cover sheets or as filling material between the inner and outer geometry are possible.
Während Stahl eine Dichte von ca. 7,85 g/cm3, Aluminium 2,71 g/cm3, und Titan eine Dichte von 4,5 g/cm3 aufweist, beträgt die Zugfestigkeit, ein Maß für die mechanische Belastbarkeit des Werkstoffes, bei Stahl ca. 300-900 N/mm2 bei Aluminium ca. 60-500 N/mm2, und bei Titan ca. 300-1000 N/mm2.While steel has a density of approx. 7.85 g/cm 3 , aluminum 2.71 g/cm 3 , and titanium a density of 4.5 g/cm 3 , the tensile strength is a measure of the mechanical strength of the material , with steel approx. 300-900 N/mm 2 with aluminum approx. 60-500 N/mm 2 , and with titanium approx. 300-1000 N/mm 2 .
Glasfaserverbundwerkstoffe haben bei einer Dichte von ca. 2 g/cm3 eine Zugfestigkeit von, je nach Richtung der Fasern, bis zu 1000 N/mm2. Kohlenstofffaserverbundwerkstoffe weisen bei einer Dichte von ca.1,5 g/cm2 eine Zugfestigkeit von bis zu 1400 N/mm2 auf. Aramidfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe weisen bei ähnlichen Zugfestigkeiten wie Kohlenstofffaserverstärke Kunststoffe noch geringere Dichten von ca. 1,4 g/cm3 auf. Aluminiumschäume in Reinform haben eine Dichte von -0,5 g/cm3. Mit Verbund- bzw. Sandwichmaterialien erscheinen etwa 1,0 g/cm3 realistisch.With a density of approx. 2 g/cm 3 , glass fiber composite materials have a tensile strength of up to 1000 N/mm 2 , depending on the direction of the fibres. Carbon fiber composite materials have a tensile strength of up to 1400 N/mm 2 with a density of approx. 1.5 g/cm 2 . Aramid fiber reinforced plastics have even lower densities of about 1.4 g/cm 3 with tensile strengths similar to those of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Pure aluminum foams have a density of -0.5 g/cm 3 . With composite or sandwich materials, around 1.0 g/cm 3 seems realistic.
Eine werkstoffgerechte Ausführung der Geometrie der mit der Honspindel beweglichen Komponenten kann dazu beitragen, die Potentiale von Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffen beim Aufbau einer Honspindeleinheit auszuschöpfen. Dies kann u.a. bedeuten, dass Bauteile möglichst schlank gestaltet sein können und nur an Stellen, die Kräfte aufnehmen oder ableiten, mehr Werkstoff vorhanden sein sollte.A material-specific design of the geometry of the components that move with the honing spindle can contribute to exploiting the potential of lightweight construction materials when constructing a honing spindle unit. This can mean, among other things, that components can be designed as slim as possible and that there should only be more material in places that absorb or dissipate forces.
Durch Reduktion von Verbindungsstellen sowie eine Substitution von Schraubverbindungen z.B. durch Klebverbindungen oder Einlaminieren von Verbindungsteilen lässt sich die bewegte Masse reduzieren. Bei laminierten oder geschäumten Bauteilen (wie z.B. GFK, CFK, Aramidfasern...) ist im Bereich von Verbindungsstellen aus konstruktiven Gründen die Verwendung von vollmetallischen Einlegeteilen möglich, bspw. aus den Werkstoffen Stahl, Aluminium, Magnesium, Messing oder Titan.The moving mass can be reduced by reducing the number of connection points and substituting screw connections, for example with adhesive connections or by laminating in connection parts. In the case of laminated or foamed components (such as GRP, CFRP, aramid fibers...) the use of fully metal inserts, e.g. made of steel, aluminium, magnesium, brass or titanium, is possible in the area of connection points for design reasons.
Zur Umsetzung des Leichtbaugedankens ist weiterhin die Verwendung des in dieser Anmeldung vorgeschlagenen Monocoques, d.h. eines ganzheitlichen Gehäusekörpers möglich. Beispielsweise ist ein durchgängiges Rohr möglich, in dem sämtliche Komponenten (Spindelmotor zur Erzeugung der Werkzeug-Rotation, Aufweitgetriebe zur aktiven Werkzeugzustellung und Spannen/Lösen des Werkzeuges in der Bearbeitungsspindel ...) sowie Verbindungselemente und Schnittstellen (Kabel, Medien) integriert sind. Dadurch lässt sich die Anzahl der verwendeten Bauteile, und damit auch die Masse, reduzieren.To implement the idea of lightweight construction, it is also possible to use the monocoque proposed in this application, i.e. an integral housing body. For example, a continuous tube is possible, in which all components (spindle motor for generating the tool rotation, expanding gear for active tool feed and clamping/release of the tool in the processing spindle ...) as well as connecting elements and interfaces (cables, media) are integrated. This allows the number of components used, and thus the mass, to be reduced.
Eine endformnahe Herstellung gibt die Möglichkeit, mit minimaler Nachbearbeitung, beispielsweise nur an Passungen und Anschraubflächen, und anschließender Montage vormontierter Einzelbaugruppen eine masse- und leistungsorientierte Bearbeitungseinheit einfach herzustellen. Durch die Reduktion der Anzahl von Bauteilen liegen weniger Schnittstellen vor, wodurch die Wahrscheinlichkeit sich lösender Verbindungen sinkt. Das Monocoque-Gehäuse leitet die auftretenden Kräfte bestmöglich innerhalb des Gehäusekörpers ab. Diese Aspekte erhöhen die Genauigkeit der Bearbeitungseinheit.A close-to-net-shape production makes it possible to easily produce a mass and performance-oriented processing unit with minimal post-processing, for example only on fits and screwing surfaces, and subsequent assembly of pre-assembled individual assemblies. By reducing the number of components, there are fewer interfaces, which reduces the likelihood of loose connections. The monocoque housing dissipates the forces that occur within the housing body in the best possible way. These aspects increase the accuracy of the processing unit.
Claims (11)
- Honing machine (100) for honing of holes drilled into workpieces, having:a honing spindle (170) whichis movably mounted in a spindle housing (130),is rotatable about a spindle axis (172) by means of a rotary drive (135),is oscillatingly drivable parallel to the spindle axis by means of a lifting drive andhas at one end on the tool side a device for fastening a honing tool arrangement with an expandable honing tool, andan expansion drive for expanding the honing tool, said expansion drive being connected to the spindle housing and linked to an infeed rod (180) extending in the interior of the honing spindle;characterized by a monocoque housing (150) having a spindle housing section (150-1) acting as the spindle housing for receiving the rotary drive (135) and an expansion system section (150-2) designed in one piece with the spindle housing section for receiving the expansion drive (155), wherethe rotary drive (135) is designed as an electrical direct drive and comprises a stator (135-1) fixedly mounted in the spindle housing section (150-1) of the monocoque housing (150) and a rotor (135-2) mounted on the outside of the honing spindle (170) and able to rotate inside the stator, andthe expansion drive (155) is designed as an electrical direct drive, where a stator (155-1) of the expansion drive is fixedly mounted in the expansion system section (150-2) of the monocoque housing (150) and a rotor (155-2) rotatable relative to the stator (155-1) is linked to the infeed rod (180) such that a rotation of the rotor (155-2) of the expansion drive (155) relative to the stator (155-1) effects an axial movement of the infeed rod (180) parallel to the spindle axis (172).
- Honing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion drive (155) is linked to the infeed rod (180) by an expansion gearbox, which is accommodated in the expansion system section (150-2).
- Honing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the expansion system section (150-2) of the monocoque housing (150) is smaller in diameter than the spindle housing section (150-1) of the monocoque housing (150).
- Honing machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the monocoque housing (150) is manufactured as a lightweight component using a lightweight construction material, said monocoque housing (150) preferably being manufactured as a lightweight component using a fibre composite material, said fibre composite material being preferably a carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) or a glass-fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP).
- Honing machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the monocoque housing (150) at least one further honing machine component movable with the honing spindle is manufactured as a lightweight component using a lightweight construction material, in particular a fibre composite material.
- Honing machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the lightweight component manufactured using a fibre composite material has a core (K) of low mass density which is enclosed by a sheath of fibre composite material (FC), the core preferably consisting substantially of a pressure-resistant lightweight material in which cavities are enclosed.
- Honing machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting drive has a linear motor with a primary part fastened to a column (102) of the honing machine and with a secondary part linearly movable relative to the primary part, said secondary part being integrated into a carriage (110) carrying the spindle housing (150), where a carriage plate (112) and/or at least one different component of the carriage (110) is designed as a lightweight component.
- Honing machine according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the lightweight component is manufactured using a near-net-shape manufacturing method which comprises at least one of the following steps: laminating; foaming; 3D printing.
- Honing machine according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the lightweight component has, at at least one connection point for connecting the lightweight component to another component, an insert part not consisting of a lightweight construction material, said insert part preferably consisting substantially of steel, aluminium, magnesium, brass or titanium.
- Honing machine according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that at least one through-duct (113, 114A, 114B, 115) leading from an inlet opening to an outlet opening is provided in a lightweight component (150, 112), through which through-duct a free-flowing medium or at least a line is passed or passable.
- Honing machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the honing machine (100) is a vertical honing machine with a vertically aligned honing spindle.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HRP20220874TT HRP20220874T1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2016-12-21 | Honing machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016200295.3A DE102016200295A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2016-01-13 | Honing |
PCT/EP2016/082093 WO2017121590A1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2016-12-21 | Honing machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3402629A1 EP3402629A1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
EP3402629B1 true EP3402629B1 (en) | 2022-04-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP16820253.9A Active EP3402629B1 (en) | 2016-01-13 | 2016-12-21 | Honing machine |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US11389921B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3402629B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108883513B (en) |
DE (2) | DE102016200295A1 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20220874T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017121590A1 (en) |
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US10531507B2 (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2020-01-07 | Apple Inc. | Link budget estimation on companion device |
DE102019214873A1 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. | Honing machine |
DE102019214869A1 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-01 | Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. | Honing machine |
DE102019214867B4 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2021-10-28 | Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. | Honing machine |
AT524824A1 (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-09-15 | Trumpf Maschinen Austria Gmbh & Co Kg | Electromechanical spindle drive |
DE102021206591A1 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. | Process for changing tools on a machine tool and machine tool |
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US3126672A (en) * | 1964-03-31 | Vertical honing machine | ||
CH158900A (en) * | 1931-10-27 | 1932-12-15 | Kellenberger & Co L | Honing machine. |
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US6585571B2 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2003-07-01 | Makino, Inc. | Distal end honing device |
DE10213408A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-16 | Linatec Kg | Linear direct drive system of machine, consists of synchronous linear motor with triangular-section linear rotor member inside hollow triangular stator |
DE10225514B4 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2005-02-17 | Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. | Machine for the finest machining of workpieces by honing or fine grinding |
EP2279829B1 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2012-06-06 | Nagel Maschinen- und Werkzeugfabrik GmbH | Method for honing bores and honing tool therefor |
JP4696004B2 (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2011-06-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Compound machine tools |
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JP5260139B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2013-08-14 | 株式会社日進製作所 | Grinding wheel contact sensing method and apparatus, honing method and honing machine |
JP5323427B2 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2013-10-23 | 株式会社日進製作所 | Honing processing method and honing machine |
EP3100805B1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2018-09-26 | NSK Ltd. | Spindle device |
DE102011108982A1 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-02-07 | Roschiwal + Partner Ingenieur Gmbh | Carriage for positioning work spindle of machine tool, has compensating elements that are arranged in base portion so as to compensate temperature change of linear guide caused by deflection of housing |
DE102012219099A1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Kadia Produktion Gmbh + Co. | Honing |
US20140345897A1 (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2014-11-27 | Gros-Ite Precision Spindle | Composite materials spindle |
DE102013109947B4 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2020-05-14 | FISCHER Präzisionsspindeln GmbH | spindle |
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CN203993493U (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-10 | 焦作市华科液压机械制造有限公司 | A kind of hone |
DE102015210693A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2016-06-02 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Plunger coil drive with rectangular cross-section, especially for a short-stroke axis, as well as Kurzhubachse with such a plunger coil drive |
CN204868501U (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-12-16 | 银川市恒益达机械有限公司 | Rigidity honing device |
-
2016
- 2016-01-13 DE DE102016200295.3A patent/DE102016200295A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-21 HR HRP20220874TT patent/HRP20220874T1/en unknown
- 2016-12-21 CN CN201680083541.2A patent/CN108883513B/en active Active
- 2016-12-21 WO PCT/EP2016/082093 patent/WO2017121590A1/en active Application Filing
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2017
- 2017-01-04 DE DE202017000022.9U patent/DE202017000022U1/en active Active
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HRP20220874T1 (en) | 2022-10-14 |
DE102016200295A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
DE202017000022U1 (en) | 2017-01-20 |
CN108883513A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
US20190001461A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
EP3402629A1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
CN108883513B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
US11389921B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
WO2017121590A1 (en) | 2017-07-20 |
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