EP3400758A1 - Vorrichtung zur erwärmung einer funktionsschicht - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur erwärmung einer funktionsschichtInfo
- Publication number
- EP3400758A1 EP3400758A1 EP16810284.6A EP16810284A EP3400758A1 EP 3400758 A1 EP3400758 A1 EP 3400758A1 EP 16810284 A EP16810284 A EP 16810284A EP 3400758 A1 EP3400758 A1 EP 3400758A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating material
- applicator
- guide
- functional layer
- guide means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/78—Arrangements for continuous movement of material
- H05B6/788—Arrangements for continuous movement of material wherein an elongated material is moved by applying a mechanical tension to it
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
- H05B6/6491—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/70—Feed lines
- H05B6/701—Feed lines using microwave applicators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/046—Microwave drying of wood, ink, food, ceramic, sintering of ceramic, clothes, hair
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for heating a functional layer of a coating material, such as a surface coating or an edge strip, in particular for applying the coating material to a surface of a workpiece.
- a coating material such as a surface coating or an edge strip
- the workpieces are for example, in particular, platter-shaped or three-dimensionally made of wood, wood-based materials, plastic or similar elements, as are for example in furniture or in the manufacture of components, such as floor elements, usable.
- the coatings are laminar coatings for coating at least one flat broad side of the workpiece or so-called edge strips for coating at least one narrow side of the workpiece.
- the coating consists of a surface layer and a functional layer, wherein the functional layer for connecting the Coating with the workpiece is used.
- the functional layer is to be activated so that it adopts its adhesive properties so that the joining process can be carried out in a targeted manner.
- the activation of the functional layer by means of laser beams or by means of hot compressed air is known.
- the activation by means of laser beams has its advantages in the point-wise application of the laser beam for precisely controlled activation.
- the device for activation by means of laser beams has the disadvantage that the application shows its advantages rather only at high quantities. It is also disadvantageous that the energy applied by the laser decreases with the penetration depth of the laser radiation into the material of the functional layer.
- the complete activation of the functional layer then takes place by means of heat conduction into the depth of the functional layer in order to achieve a uniform heating or activation of the functional layer.
- DE 10 2011 015 898 discloses a device for generating hot compressed air, which is flowed on an edge band to heat the functional layer and thus to activate. In doing so, a significant amount of compressed air will have to be heated to high temperatures in order to heat or activate the functional layer as it passes through the device.
- Such devices consume significant amounts of energy to heat the required high amounts of air in a heat exchanger to about 400 ° C, with a large part of the energy due to the design of the device in the heat exchanger via, for example, heat radiation or the like is dissipated parasitic. Also causes the high volume hot air flow that the environment of the device is exposed to high temperatures, which entails a considerable amount of air conditioning.
- the hot air activation devices exhibit a high level of noise in the generation and outflow of the pressurized hot air, which is the operating personnel of the device is disadvantageous and a considerable effort for noise reduction entails.
- hot air shows that due to the high hot air temperatures, the upper layer of the functional layer at temperature of the hot air of 400 ° C to 500 ° C is strongly liquefied and is partially replaced by the strong air flow from the functional layer. These detached parts of the functional layer are found as soiling on the surrounding components and reduce the amount of adhesive available for bonding.
- the optimized tempering of the coating material also causes optimal adhesion of the coating material to a workpiece, reduced contamination of the material channel and / or favorable conditions for the subsequent processing steps of the workpiece and / or the coating material.
- the invention also relates to a related method. This object is achieved with the features of claim 1.
- An embodiment of the invention relates to a device for heating a functional layer of a coating material, such as a surface coating or an edge strip, in particular for applying the coating material to a surface of a workpiece, with a microwave source and an applicator, wherein microwave radiation generated in the microwave source can be fed to the applicator, wherein in the applicator a microwave field due to the supplied microwave radiation can be generated, wherein the applicator has at least one material channel which traverses the applicator and through which the coating material is feasible, so that the functional layer of Coating material in the microwave field within the applicator is heated, wherein in the material channel a guide device is provided with a first guide means and optionally with a second guide means, wherein the coating material is displaceably guided along the at least one guide means, wherein the at least one guide means is designed or the guide means are designed such that the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the coating material, a predefined temperature distribution, in particular at the joint of the coating material to the workpiece, assumes
- the coating material is relatively cold , So that the already slightly heated functional layer does not adhere to the guide means and yet the coating material between the guide means to the desired temperature he can be heated.
- a specific temperature profile of the coating material, in particular the functional layer can be provided, so that the coating material, in particular the functional layer, has assumed an optimum temperature distribution after it leaves the device when it is applied to the workpiece.
- the applicator can be connected directly to the microwave source.
- a microwave channel can also be arranged between the microwave source and the applicator.
- the first guide means and the second guide means are arranged spaced from one another in such a way that a longitudinal edge of the coating material can be received and guided by the first guide means and by the second guide means.
- the coating material can be edged and guided at its two longitudinal edges in order to be guided through the material channel in a positionally secure manner in order to optimally to be heated, the material channel should not be polluted if possible.
- the guide means or both guide means each having a guide body and a guide groove or have, wherein in the guide groove, a longitudinal edge of the coating material is receivable.
- the electric field or the electric field strength of the microwave field can be selectively influenced and at the same time serves the guide body of the placement of the guide means and the holding of the guide webs.
- a guide web is arranged on the guide body on both sides of the guide groove.
- the coating material can be performed at a barren on both guide means between two guide webs, in particular over the length of the material channel, which allows a defined position in the material channel.
- At least one receptacle for at least one, in particular additional, dielectric functional element is provided on the guide body, by means of which the electric field strength of the microwave field, in particular in one direction between the guide means and / or in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the coating material , is selectively adjustable or influenced, so that the coating material, in particular the functional layer of the coating material, assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- a plurality of receptacles may be provided, which are formed for example in the form of channels. These can be arranged next to each other, for example.
- the electric field can be influenced in particular in the region of the longitudinal edge of the coating material, so that a desired temperature profile is achieved.
- the guide body is designed such that the electric field strength of the microwave field, in particular in a direction between the guide means and / or in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the coating material, thereby selectively adjustable or influenced, so that the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the coating material, assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- a maximum of the field strength can be achieved at a distance from the edge of the coating material, so that a maximum temperature can be achieved away from the edge and the immediate edge still remains relatively little heated in the longitudinal direction.
- At least one of the guide webs of the guide body is designed such that the electric field strength of the microwave field, in particular in a direction between the guide means and / or in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the coating material, thereby selectively adjustable or influenced, so the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the coating material, assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- the guide bar can be designed more or less high in order to achieve a defined field strength.
- the guide web which is located on the side of the functional layer, be shorter, so that it can not be so dirty, while the guide bar on the opposite side, ie on the side facing away from the functional layer, such as in particular the decorative layer to be higher can. This is then not polluted and can thus achieve better leadership.
- the shape and / or the dimensions of the guide body, the dielectric functional element, the receptacle and / or the guide web is or are chosen such that the electric field strength of the microwave field, in particular in one direction between The guide means and / or in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the coating material, thereby selectively adjustable or influenced, so that the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the coating material assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- the guide body, the dielectric functional element, the receptacle and / or the guide bar act as a type lens for the electric field and modulate the field strength in the material channel or the.
- Dielectric functional elements cause a local increase in the electric field strength in the immediate vicinity of the dielectric functional element, so that the electric field can be selectively influenced.
- the material of the guide body, of the dielectric functional element and / or of the guide web is chosen such that the electric field strength of the microwave field, in particular in one direction between the guide means and / or in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the coating material, thereby can be selectively adjusted or influenced, so that the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the coating material, assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- the guide body, the dielectric functional element and / or the guide bar act as a type lens for the electric field and modulate the field strength in the material channel or the dielectric functional elements cause a local increase in the electric field strength in the immediate vicinity of the dielectric functional element, so that the electric field can be selectively influenced.
- the dielectric constant ⁇ 'of the material of the guide body, the dielectric functional element and / or the guide web is chosen such that the electric field strength of the microwave field, in particular in one direction between the Guide means and / or in a direction parallel to the feed direction of the coating material, thereby selectively adjustable or influenced, so that the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the coating material, assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- the material is aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, PTFE, ceramic, glass, technical glass, silicon oxide, SIO, quartz or quartz glass.
- This has good properties of the dielectric constant ⁇ ', ie rather high values, the absorption ⁇ "being rather low.
- the two guide webs lying opposite the guide groove are at least partially of different height, in the direction of the distance between the guide means.
- the dielectric functional element arranged in a receptacle can be displaced in the receptacle in order to be able to adjust the electric field strength of the microwave field as a function of the distance between the guide means. As a result, depending on the material and / or dimensioning of the coating material, the electric field strength of the microwave field can be adjusted.
- the dielectric functional element in the receptacle is displaceable and / or rotatable. Also, depending on the material and / or dimensioning of the coating material, the electric field strength of the microwave field can be adjusted.
- the dielectric functional element in the receptacle is longitudinally displaceable, transversely displaceable and / or vertically displaceable. As a result, a suitable adaptation is easily possible. It is also advantageous if the dielectric functional element can be removed from the receptacle and / or can be accommodated in one of the receptacles.
- the microwave energy By applying the microwave energy to the coating material uniform heating is achieved even in deeper layers, because the coating material is introduced into the applicator in the microwave field. As a result, a uniform volume heating is achieved quickly, the energy is provided very focused, which minimizes the total energy consumption. This leads to a well adjustable and metered energy application, which means that the temperature of the functional layer is very precisely and easily adjustable. Particularly advantageous in volume heating is the compliance or undershooting of the short-term permissible maximum temperature of the material of the functional layer.
- the device can be used both in a continuous system and in a machining center for the production and processing of workpieces.
- a plurality of applicators is provided.
- a plurality of coating materials can be heated simultaneously, which can be applied in parallel to the same workpiece or to different workpieces.
- a single coating material could also be heated differently at different points by means of a plurality of applicators, so that a targeted bonding can be carried out on different substrate conditions.
- At least one applicator or all applicators has or have an applicator segment or a plurality of applicator segments.
- the applicator can be divided into different areas or segments, in which the microwave field could be set differently. This would allow a specific adaptation of the amount of heat input to the specific needs of the bond.
- an applicator or an applicator segment has a material channel or a plurality of matehal channels. Thereby, one or more coating materials may or may be heated simultaneously. In the case of particularly wide or areal coating materials, it is also possible to use a plurality of applicators in order to heat adjacent areas of a coating material.
- an aperture for the microwave radiation is provided on at least one applicator and / or on at least one applicator segment.
- a modulation device for adjusting the modulation of the microwave radiation is provided in at least one applicator and / or in at least one applicator segment.
- the resonant frequency of the applicator can be adapted as a resonator to the resonant frequency of the microwave source, such as the magnetron.
- the coating material to be heated which is guided through the applicator, alters the microwave field or the resonance frequency of the applicator, so that the modulation device adjusts the microwave field that builds up so that the coating material can be optimally heated.
- the at least one applicator or a group of applicators by a microwave source or by a plurality of microwave sources with Microwave radiation is fed, in particular, each applicator or group of applicators is powered by its own microwave source. It is also advantageous if the at least one applicator segment or a group of applicator segments is supplied with microwave radiation by a microwave source or by a plurality of microwave sources, wherein in particular each applicator segment or each group of applicator segments is fed by its own microwave source.
- a microwave source or by a plurality of microwave sources wherein in particular each applicator segment or each group of applicator segments is fed by its own microwave source.
- a plurality of applicators or a plurality of applicator segments is fed by a microwave source, wherein an allocation device is provided for dividing the microwave radiation and / or the microwave energy into the respective applicators or applicator segments.
- the dividing device divides the microwave radiation, in particular with regard to the power, to the respective applicators or to the respective applicator segments, so that a specific application of the microwave energy can take place.
- At least one microwave channel is provided, in particular one microwave channel per microwave source and / or one microwave channel per applicator and / or one microwave channel per applicator segment is provided.
- the microwave channel serves to forward the microwave radiation to the respective applicators or applicator segments involved, so that a targeted heating of the coating material can take place.
- the microwave channel is a waveguide and / or a coaxial cable.
- the waveguide is divided into segments and so the microwave radiation can be forwarded.
- the power line of the microwave energy from the microwave source to the applicator can be made by means of coaxial cables. This is done with adapted transitions, also referred to as tapered coaxial transitions.
- the material channel runs through the at least one applicator and / or through the at least one applicator segment, wherein the channel has an inlet opening and an outlet opening, which serve to admit the coating material into the material channel and to let it out again.
- the positioning in the microwave field of the applicator or the applicator segment is defined, which provides a more defined energy input.
- a separation can occur through the material channel, so that the coating material does not come into direct contact with the applicator, because any contamination from the components of the applicator and / or the applicator itself are only badly removable.
- the material channel has a circumferential wall which separates the material channel from the interior of the applicator or from the interior of the applicator segment. This allows a complete separation, which protects the applicator. This also defines the path of the coating material through the applicator, which is conducive to the defined energy input. It is particularly advantageous if at the inlet opening and / or at the outlet opening, a device is arranged, which has an outlet from Microwave radiation from the inlet opening or from the outlet opening is reduced or prevented. As a result, the emerging microwave radiation can be prevented or at least reduced below the permissible limit values. It is particularly advantageous if the diaphragm is arranged between the microwave source and the applicator or the applicator segment.
- the adjustment of the modulation of the microwave radiation in particular for the production of a stationary and / or traveling wave of the microwave radiation, can be carried out in the applicator or in the applicator segment.
- the shape of the resonance curve of the applicator is variable.
- the characteristic of the applicator shifts from a resonant device to a device with a running shaft, depending on the choice of the aperture.
- the absorptive influences by the coating material on the microwave field can be compensated or compensated.
- the diaphragm is an opening, in particular an opening in a metal wall.
- the metal wall can shield the microwave radiation, so that only the microwave radiation passing through the opening is forwarded to the applicators or applicator segments.
- the opening cross-section of the opening of the aperture is variably adjustable is particularly advantageous. As a result, the modulation of the microwave radiation can be adjusted as needed.
- the diaphragm has a metal element, which is projecting into the opening.
- the effect of the aperture can still be adjusted without adjusting the opening.
- the metal element is adjustable so that the penetration depth of the metal element is adjustable in the opening.
- the metal element is a metal bolt or another metal element. This or this can influence the microwave radiation particularly well.
- the at least one material channel is arranged fixed in the applicator or in the applicator segment and the microwave field is variably adjustable in the applicator and / or in the applicator segment.
- the microwave field can be adjusted to the material properties of the coating material or to the size ratios of the coating material.
- the at least one material channel is displaceably adjustable in the applicator or in the applicator segment. Even so, an adaptation to the coating material to be heated can be made.
- the material channel and / or the microwave field is adjustable such that a functional layer of the coating material can be arranged or carried out in a range of maximum electric field strength.
- an applicator is subdivided into a plurality of applicator segments, wherein the applicator segments have substantially the same geometric dimensions.
- an individual microwave energy can be controlled in the applicator segments, which can meet the needs of the coating material, if it requires a different heating, for example over the height.
- an applicator is subdivided into a plurality of applicator segments, wherein at least some of the applicator segments differ in height or in width. This can also be advantageous if coating materials with different heights, such as edge bands with different heights, are used.
- the applicator or the applicators or the applicator segment or the applicator segments are exchangeable.
- the respective preferred applicator or the applicators or the applicator segments can be used, which are preferably suitable for the coating material to be heated.
- the material channel consists of a material which is one of the following materials or has one of the following materials: PTFE, ceramic, glass, technical glass, Al 2 O 3 , silica glass, SiO 2 , fused silica, fused quartz , Alumina, silica.
- PTFE tetrachloride
- the material channel is internally coated with a material which is one of the following materials or has one of the following materials: PTFE, ceramic, glass, technical glass, Al 2 O 3 , silica glass, SiO 2 , fused silica, fused Quartz, alumina, silica.
- the applicator or the applicators or Applikatorsegment or Applikatorsegmente internally coated with a material / are, which is one of the following materials or one of the materials comprising PTFE, ceramics, glass, technical glass, Al 2 0 3l silica glass, SiO 2 , fused silica, fused quartz, alumina, silica.
- a modulation device is arranged, which in particular adapts the resonant frequency of the filled resonator to the frequency of the magnetron.
- the modulation device influences the microwave field in such a way that, depending on the selected coating material, it is arranged in the region of a maximum of the field strength. Furthermore, it is advantageous if a temperature measuring device is provided which allows the monitoring of the temperature of the coating material in the material channel and / or at the entrance and / or at the outlet of the material channel. Thus, the temperature of the coating material can be determined, so that the energy to be expended, the microwave field and its distribution can be adjusted according to the target temperatures.
- a flushing device which allows an introduction or passage of a fluid, in particular a gas or air, into the material channel.
- a fluid in particular a gas or air
- targeted cooling of the coating material on the surface side can be carried out, while the side of the functional layer can be rinsed in order, for example, to remove gaseous media and / or microparticles from the material channel.
- a guide device which allows guidance of the coating material in the material channel.
- the coating material can be guided in a targeted and secure manner through the microwave field.
- a related embodiment relates to a method for operating a device according to the invention, wherein the guide means are formed and / or arranged so that the coating material, and in particular the functional layer of the Beschchtungsmaterials, a predefined temperature distribution, in particular at the joint of the coating material to the workpiece assumes ,
- a related embodiment relates to a method for heating a functional layer of a coating material, such as a surface coating or an edge strip, in particular for applying the coating material to a surface of a workpiece, the method comprising the steps of:
- Coating material assumes a predefined temperature distribution.
- Figure 1 is a view of a device according to the invention for
- Figure 2 is a side view of an applicator
- FIG. 3 is a top view of an applicator
- FIG. 5 is a view of an applicator of FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows a side view of an applicator
- FIG. 7 shows a top view of an applicator
- FIG. 10 shows a view of an applicator from above
- FIG. 11 shows a side view of an applicator
- FIG. 12 shows a side view of an applicator, a view of an applicator from above, a view of a partially disassembled material channel with guide means, a diagram showing temperature profiles of the functional layer of the coating material as a function of the height between the guide means, measured at the joint of the coating material and the workpiece, a representation with a schematic distribution a representation of the electric field strength of a microwave field in the material channel in different configurations of the guide body, a representation of the electric field strength of a microwave field in the material channel at different dielectric constant ⁇ 'of the guide body, an illustration of a guide means with a coating material in section,
- FIG. 20 shows a guide means in side view
- FIG. 21 shows a section of a guide means in a schematic illustration in plan view
- Figure 22 is an illustration of a guide means in section
- Figure 23 is an illustration of a guide means in section.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 according to the invention for heating a functional layer 2 of a coating material 3.
- heating of a functional layer is also understood as activation of a functional layer. These terms are used below as equivalent or equivalent.
- FIG. 1 shows the functional layer on one side of the coating material, but it may as well also be arranged on the other side of the coating material.
- the coating material is in particular an edge band, which can be applied to a workpiece on a narrow side, or in particular a rather flat coating material, which can also be applied to a rather flat broad side of a workpiece.
- the heating or activation of the functional layer 2 serves for the application and in particular the permanent fixing of the coating material 3 on a surface of the workpiece.
- the functional layer is activated such that it forms or causes a type of adhesive by means of which the coating material can be bonded to the surface of the workpiece.
- the device 1 has a microwave source 4 and an applicator 5, wherein the microwave radiation is transmitted by means of a microwave channel 6 from the microwave source 4 to the applicator 5.
- the microwave channel 6, which is preferably designed as a waveguide or as a coaxial cable, is used to supply the microwave radiation generated in the microwave source 4 to the applicator 5.
- a microwave field is thereby generated, which is traversed by the coating material 3.
- the applicator 5 has for this purpose at least one material channel 7, which traverses the microwave field, and through which the Be Anlagenungsmateriai is guided.
- the microwave field is designed or controllable such that when passing through the coating material through the microwave field, the functional layer of the coating material is heated or activated.
- the Be Mrsungsmateriai consists of at least two layers, of which one layer is the functional layer, which is heated or activated, the at least one other layer, which is hereinafter referred to as a decorative layer, depending on the application as possible or not to 40 ° C to 70 ° C is heated.
- the functional layer and the decorative layer can each also consist of a corresponding own layer structure of several individual layers.
- the functional layer and / or the decorative layer of the coating material may consist of at least one layer or of a plurality of layers.
- the functional layer and the decorative layer each have a loss factor ⁇ "eff, which is regarded as the loss factor of the respective material of the functional layer and the decorative layer, where the loss factor is the imaginary part of the complex relative dielectric constant ⁇ " of the respective material.
- the loss factor ⁇ "eff (FS) of the functional layer or the loss factor ⁇ " ⁇ "(DS) of the decorative layer for frequencies (ISM) at 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz are indicated here.
- the ratio R ⁇ "((FS) / ⁇ " ⁇ ⁇ (DS) at one of the specified frequencies of 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz or 5.8 GHz defines the ratio of the loss factors.
- the coating material is specified such that R> 1, preferably R> 10 applies.
- the applicator of the microwave source with microwave radiation of a power of 0.1 kW to about 50 kW is applied.
- the heating of the functional layer is greater than the heating of the decorative layer, so that the decorative layer is not or possibly only slightly heated, while the functional layer is heated to process temperature.
- each applicator can be powered by the same microwave source, or alternatively, each applicator can be powered by a separate microwave source. Also, groups of applicators or applicator segments may be powered by a microwave source or powered by a plurality of microwave sources.
- FIG. 2 to 5 each show different views of an applicator 10 according to the invention in a first operating position.
- FIG. 2 shows the applicator in a side view
- FIG. 3 in a plan view from above
- FIG. 4 in a rear view
- FIG. 5 in a front view
- the applicator 10 has three applicator segments 11, 12, 13, which are arranged one above the other.
- the applicator segments 11, 12, 13 are cavities into which the microwave radiation is fed on the input side and which open into a chamber 14 in which the material channel 15 is provided which forms a channel in order to be able to guide the coating material through the chamber 14.
- a running or a standing wave of microwave radiation is formed and can heat or activate this in the implementation of the coating material 16 depending on the loss factor.
- the applicator segments 11, 12, 13 are arranged one above the other and stepped at the rear end, so that the connection of a microwave channel 17, 18, 19 on an upper side of the respective applicator segment 11, 12, 13 is possible.
- the microwave channel 17, 18, 19 is preferably a waveguide and / or a coaxial cable. It may be advantageous if a waveguide is used, that the waveguide is divided into segments. Laterally of the material channel 15, this is provided on both sides with a device 20 as a throttle which attenuates the leakage of the microwave radiation or completely shields.
- the material channel 15 is designed such that it passes through the at least one applicator 10 and / or through the at least one applicator segment 11, 12, 13, wherein the material channel 15 has an inlet opening 21 and an outlet opening 22, which serve to the coating material 16 in the material channel 15th let in and let it out again.
- the material channel 15 has a circumferential wall 23 which separates the material channel 15 from the interior or chamber 14 of the applicator 10 or from the interior of the respective applicator segment 11, 12, 13.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 show an applicator 10 with three applicator segments 11 to 13.
- the microwave radiation can be distributed to the respective applicators or to the respective applicator segments, so that the heating of the coating material in the material channel can be adapted to the needs.
- the distribution of the microwave radiation can be variable, for example, via the height of the coating material.
- the upper and / or lower edge of the coating material may be heated to a greater or lesser extent than a middle region.
- the figures show an applicator with a material channel leading through the applicator through which the coating material is passed.
- the at least one applicator also a plurality of material channels, which can be arranged one behind the other and / or one above the other.
- several strips, strips or webs of coating material can be heated at the same time. This may be advantageous in a device in which several such heated coating materials are processed simultaneously.
- several workpieces can be coated at the same time or it can be a workpiece coated on several sides.
- an aperture 24 is provided in each case in the applicator or in the applicator segments 11, 12, 13.
- This aperture serves to adjust the shape of the resonance curve of the applicator or of the applicator segment. As the aperture 24 is made larger, the characteristic of the applicator or applicator segment shifts from a standing wave resonant system to a traveling wave system.
- the diaphragm 24 preferably consists of a type of pinhole 25, which is variable in its passage cross-section and / or of a variable metal element 26, such as a metallic mandrel, which serves to selectively influence the microwave radiation.
- Both the pinhole 25 and the metal element 26 are / are preferably designed to be adjustable in order to be able to set the characteristics of the applicator 10 or of the applicator segment 11, 12, 13 to the respective requirements.
- the diaphragm 24 is arranged between the microwave source and the applicator or the applicator segment or in the applicator or in the applicator segment. It is preferably connected upstream of the modulation device 27.
- the aperture 24 as a pinhole 25 in this case has an opening 28, in particular an opening 28 in a metal wall 29.
- the opening cross section of the opening 28 of the aperture is variably adjustable.
- the metal element acting as a diaphragm 26, which projects into the opening of the applicator segment, is preferably adjustable.
- the degree of penetration ie the penetration depth of the metal element into the opening, can be adjustable.
- the metal element 26 is preferably arranged downstream of the pinhole 25. Alternatively, however, it could also be the pinhole 25 upstream.
- a metal element could be provided or it may alternatively be provided a plurality of metal elements. This or these can be arranged inside and / or outside of the applicator.
- the metal element is a metal bolt which projects into the applicator segment.
- a modulation device 27 for adjusting the modulation of the microwave radiation is provided in at least one applicator 10 and / or in at least one applicator segment 11, 12, 13.
- the modulation device 27 is designed as a type of flap which influences the microwave radiation in such a way that it adapts the resonant frequency of the resonator of the applicator or applicator segment 11, 12, 13 to the resonant frequency of the magnetron, ie the microwave source.
- the modulation device 27 is formed as a kind of flap. This modulation device 27 is set downward in FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIGS. 6 and 7, the modulation device 27 is set turned upwards.
- the at least one material channel 15 is arranged fixedly in the applicator 10 or alternatively also in the applicator segment, the microwave field being variably adjustable in the applicator 1 and / or in the applicator segment.
- the at least one material channel 15 in the applicator 10 or in the applicator segment may also be displaceably adjustable in order to be able to set the coating material in the microwave field. It is the material channel and / or the microwave field adjustable such that a functional layer of the coating material in a range of maximum electric field strength can be arranged or feasible in this area.
- the coating material is guided by a drive through the material channel.
- the drive can be attached to the applicator or assigned to this.
- the drive can also be a drive of a device which applies the coating material to the workpiece.
- the drive may be part of an edge banding device if the coating material is for example an edge that can be applied to the narrow side of a workpiece.
- a pressure device can also be arranged downstream of the applicator in order to apply the coating material to the workpiece and press it there.
- the applicator segments 11, 12, 13 are identical in height.
- an applicator 10 can also be subdivided into a plurality of applicator segments 11, 12, 13, wherein the applicator segments 11, 12, 13 can also have different geometric dimensions or heights.
- an applicator can be subdivided into a plurality of applicator segments, wherein at least some of the applicator segments can differ in height and / or width.
- the energy input into the coating material can be modulated as a function of the height or width.
- the material channel 15 is formed as a continuous gap with a circumferential wall 23.
- the material channel 15 is made of a material which is at least one of the following materials or one of the materials: PTFE, ceramics, glass, technical glass, Al 2 0 3 , silica glass, SiO 2 , fused silica, fused quartz, alumina, silicon oxide.
- the material channel 15 may for example be made of PTFE, such as Teflon, and be used as a PTFE block in the applicator 10.
- the material channel 15 may be coated with a material which is one of the following materials or has one of the following materials: PTFE, ceramics, Gtas, technical glass and / or quartz glass.
- the applicator 10 or the applicators or the applicator segment or segments 11, 12, 13 may be internally coated or filled with a material which is one of the following materials or has one of the following materials: PTFE, ceramic, glass, engineering glass, Al 2 0 3 , silica glass, SiO 2 , fused silica, fused quartz, alumina, silica.
- Figures 6 and 9 show a guide device 30 in the material channel 15, which are formed as guide rails and are arranged below and above in the material channel 15. In this case, the guide rails pass through the material channel 15, so that the coating material is guided on its way through the material channel 15.
- the two guide rails or in general the guide device 30 is adjustable to the height or width of the coating material, so that also different high or wide coating materials, such as tapes, are feasible through the material gap.
- the guide device serves to guide the coating material and furthermore has the advantage that in the region in which the coating material engages in the guide device, the heating is not as high as in a central region. This will be ensures that the edge region of the coating material is not heated so much and thus the functional layer of the coating material is not so pasty or fluid in the edge region.
- the guide device is thus not contaminated by the coating material.
- the region is approximately 0.5 to 4 mm wide and / or deep, in which engages the coating material in the guide device.
- the guide device can also be resiliently mounted, in particular the guide rails, in order to avoid jamming of the coating material.
- the guiding device such as the upper and / or the lower guide rail, may be connected to a flushing device and provided with channels to be flushed with a flushing medium, such as air.
- a flushing medium such as air.
- the flushing medium can be applied to the coating material in the lateral direction and / or directly from above or below in order to avoid overheating in the guide rail.
- the guide rails preferably in the lower surface and / or in the upper surface and in the lateral surfaces channels, through which the flushing medium can be passed.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show an applicator 10 with a material gap 15 with a flushing device 40.
- the Spülvom 'rect 40 includes a first Spülmediuman gleich 41 and a second Spülmediuman gleich 42, wherein the first Spülmediuman gleich 41 and the second Spülmediuman gleich serve to connect a flushing medium.
- This flushing medium such as air, is guided by the flushing medium connections 41, 42 into channels 43, which distribute and open in the material channel 15 in order to flush the material channel 15 and the coating material 16 in the material channel 15.
- the flushing device is an optional feature that can be used with the features of the other embodiments.
- the resonator 51 and the applicator 10 as a whole can be made smaller, since the filling changes the microwave field such that a smaller overall length is sufficient given a suitable filling 50.
- the filling is an optional feature that can be used with the features of the other exemplary embodiments
- a temperature measuring device 60 is provided which allows the monitoring of the temperature of the coating material 16 in the material channel 15 and / or at the entrance and / or at the outlet of the material channel 15.
- a feedback for controlling or regulating the microwave energy and / or the resonance frequency of the applicator or the shape of the microwave field can take place.
- a plurality of temperature sensors can be arranged, which detect the temperature of the coating material.
- the number of temperature sensors can be 1 to 20 or more. It is particularly advantageous if a continuous measurement of the temperature of the functional layer of the coating material is made.
- a control or a regulation of the temperature of the functional layer as a function of the output power of the microwave source, the positions of the dielectric functional elements and of the diaphragms 25 or the metal elements 26 can be made.
- the desired value of the temperature of the functional layer can be kept constant over the length of the edge band.
- the desired value of the temperature of the coating material can be varied, wherein the variation can be made according to a user-specific profile.
- the heating process by means of the microwave applicator can be combined with other heating devices or heating methods, whereby these further heating devices can be used for preheating and / or for attaining or maintaining the process temperature of the functional layer.
- the temperature profile of the coating material to be achieved in the process direction and perpendicular to the process direction can be achieved by combining the heating profiles of the individual heating devices Functional layer via mechanical contact with heated mechanical components, hot air, IR, VIS or UV lamps, LED or laser devices or Ultrasc
- the additional heating device is arranged downstream of the microwave heating device in relation to the feed direction of the coating material.
- the following energy sources are advantageous: hot air, IR, VIS, or UV lamps, LED or laser devices or ultrasound.
- the applicators shown can be used individually or in groups. Also, the applicators may have individual applicator segments or groups thereof. In this case, the applicator segments of an applicator can differ in height in order to achieve optimal heating of different high coating materials, for example as tapes.
- the number of applicators is preferably between 1 and 20 or more.
- the number of applicator segments is preferably between 1 and 20 or more.
- FIG. 14 shows a material channel 100 having a guide means 101 above and a bottom guide means 102. In between, a band of coating material may be passed from right to left or vice versa.
- the upper guide means 101, the coating material above and the lower guide means 102, the coating material below so that the coating material is not guided touching the walls of the material channel and could pollute them.
- the distance of the guide means 101, 102 in the height direction is preferably adjustable, for example by displacing the height position of the upper guide means 101 and / or the lower guide means 102 or both guide means 101, 102.
- the height of the distance can be adjusted to the height of the coating material to be heated become. In principle, this can also be used to set the position of the passage of the coating material relative to the height of the material channel.
- FIG. 15 shows a diagram for illustrating temperature profiles of the functional layer of the coating material as a function of the height between the guide means measured at the joint of the coating material and the workpiece.
- a first curve 110 is shown, in which no guide means were used.
- the temperature profile increases from the upper and lower edges of the coating material and has its maximum in the center of the coating material, viewed in the vertical direction.
- a second curve 111 is shown in which guide means are used, each consisting of a guide body and guide webs and having a receptacle with a body of, for example, Al 2 0 3 , wherein the guide body and the guide webs made of Teflon, PTFE ,
- the temperature gradient rises from the upper and the lower edge of the coating material and each forms a local edge-side maximum, wherein in the middle of the coating material, as viewed in the vertical direction, there is a local minimum.
- this temperature profile was measured at the joint of the coating material on the workpiece, that is, that thermal compensation processes have already taken place in bridging the distance between the applicator output and the joint.
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic illustration of a coating material 120 in the height direction.
- the coating material is divided into five areas, in a central area and in four edge zones A to D.
- the central area is the area in which the coating material is later glued to a workpiece.
- the area of the edge zones A and D is the area in which the coating material is guided in the guide means and the edge zones B and C is a transition area.
- the middle region should preferably have a temperature in the range from about 170 ° C. to about 200 ° C. for a functional layer based on TPU, so that the functional layer melts to the extent that it can be bonded thereto.
- the temperature should be low, for example up to about 80 ° C, so that the areas that engage in the guide means are not melted.
- the edge zones B and C assume a transition temperature, which may however also be higher than in the middle region, see FIG. 15.
- FIG. 17 shows different field intensity curves as a function of the height, but shown transversely, wherein a dependency of the dimensioning of the guide body of the guide means is shown.
- guide bodies with dimensions of 8 mm x 4 mm up to 8 mm x 8 mm.
- the electric field strength of the microwave field at the upper and lower edge regions is significantly increased compared to a middle region.
- the elevation increases steadily from a height of 4 mm to a height of 8 mm.
- FIG. 18 shows different field intensity profiles as a function of the height, but shown transversely, a dependency of the value ⁇ 'of the guide body of the guide means being shown with the same dimensions.
- FIG. 19 shows a guide means 150 with a coating material 60 in section.
- the coating material 160 has a decorative layer and a functional layer 161.
- the guide means 150 has a guide body 151 and two guide webs 152, 153 projecting from the guide body 151. Between the guide webs 152, 153, a guide groove 154 is formed, into which the edge of the coating material 160 engages and is guided.
- the height of the guide webs in height direction h is equal on both sides of the inlet side.
- the height of the guide web 152 which is arranged on the side of the functional layer 161, is reduced, see also FIG. 20. It can be seen that the height of the guide web is reduced by approximately 40% of the length or otherwise.
- FIGS 21 to 23 show illustrations of the guide body 200, 220 and 240 with at least one receptacle 202, 222, 242 for at least one dielectric functional element 201, 221 and 241.
- the receptacle may be formed as a polygonal, cylindrical or other channel, the open on one or both sides.
- the respective dielectric functional element 201, 221, 241 can be placed in the respective receptacle and optionally also displaced, as indicated by the respective arrow 203, 223, 243.
- the dielectric functional element is preferably made of a material with a high value of ⁇ ', for example, greater than 1, preferably about 3, 4, 6 or about 9 or more in each case.
- the functional element can also be metallized, for example, end, so that it can be soldered.
- the metallized end portions are not arranged in the applicator.
- the feed direction of the coating material corresponds in particular to the longitudinal direction of the material channel.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016200173.6A DE102016200173A1 (de) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-01-08 | Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung einer Funktionsschicht |
| PCT/EP2016/079873 WO2017118504A1 (de) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-12-06 | Vorrichtung zur erwärmung einer funktionsschicht |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3400758A1 true EP3400758A1 (de) | 2018-11-14 |
Family
ID=57544402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16810284.6A Withdrawn EP3400758A1 (de) | 2016-01-08 | 2016-12-06 | Vorrichtung zur erwärmung einer funktionsschicht |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3400758A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016200173A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017118504A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017118660A1 (de) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-02-21 | Homag Gmbh | Applikator zum thermischen Aktivieren einer Funktionsschicht eines Beschichtungsmaterials |
| DE102017122249A1 (de) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-03-28 | Homag Gmbh | Applikator zum thermischen Aktivieren einer Funktionsschicht eines Beschichtungsmaterials |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3846606A (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1974-11-05 | Raytheon Co | Microwave energy applicator |
| US3851132A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1974-11-26 | Canadian Patents Dev | Parallel plate microwave applicator |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4477707A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1984-10-16 | General Electric Company | Electromagnetic field heating apparatus for curing resin/fiber composites in continuous pultrusion processes |
| JPH01274381A (ja) * | 1988-04-25 | 1989-11-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | マイクロ波加熱装置及びその方法 |
| JP3077879B2 (ja) * | 1994-02-15 | 2000-08-21 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレ−ション | ウェブ・タイプの定量された処理材料にマイクロ波エネルギーを印加するための装置及び方法 |
| US5958275A (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1999-09-28 | Industrial Microwave Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electromagnetic exposure of planar or other materials |
| US6259077B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-07-10 | Industrial Microwave Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electromagnetic exposure of planar or other materials |
| US6246037B1 (en) * | 1999-08-11 | 2001-06-12 | Industrial Microwave Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for electromagnetic exposure of planar or other materials |
| KR100448328B1 (ko) * | 2002-03-19 | 2004-09-10 | 이강 | 마이크로웨이브를 이용한 드라이필름 라미네이팅 장치 및방법 |
| FI20031680A0 (fi) * | 2003-11-19 | 2003-11-19 | Raute Oyj | Laitteisto liimoitettua puuta sisältävän levytuotteen kuumentamiseksi |
| DE102011015898B4 (de) | 2011-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | Christof Schulte-Göbel | Schmalflächenbeschichtungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer kleberfrei wärmeaktivierbaren Kantenbeschichtung mittels Heißluft oder Heißgas |
-
2016
- 2016-01-08 DE DE102016200173.6A patent/DE102016200173A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-06 EP EP16810284.6A patent/EP3400758A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-06 WO PCT/EP2016/079873 patent/WO2017118504A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3846606A (en) * | 1972-09-27 | 1974-11-05 | Raytheon Co | Microwave energy applicator |
| US3851132A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1974-11-26 | Canadian Patents Dev | Parallel plate microwave applicator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2017118504A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017118504A1 (de) | 2017-07-13 |
| DE102016200173A1 (de) | 2017-07-13 |
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