EP3394528B1 - Système de sécurité pour récipient comportant un système frigorifique et procédé pour assurer la sécurité - Google Patents

Système de sécurité pour récipient comportant un système frigorifique et procédé pour assurer la sécurité Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3394528B1
EP3394528B1 EP15828855.5A EP15828855A EP3394528B1 EP 3394528 B1 EP3394528 B1 EP 3394528B1 EP 15828855 A EP15828855 A EP 15828855A EP 3394528 B1 EP3394528 B1 EP 3394528B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
thermochemical
refrigerant
refrigeration system
safety
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EP15828855.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3394528A1 (fr
Inventor
Cédric RIVIERE
André STUMPF
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to containers having refrigeration systems and, more particularly, to safety systems for containers having refrigeration systems.
  • Transport refrigeration systems be included and/or incorporated with cargo/shipping containers, trailers, trucks, light commercial vehicles, etc.
  • Each system involves one or more refrigerated compartments and a refrigeration system positioned to cool a recirculating airflow within the compartment or cargo space.
  • refrigeration equipment may be mounted to an exterior of the container, within a subcompartment in the container, or a combination thereof, e.g., with some components within the compartment and other components mounted to an exterior of the container.
  • the equipment typically includes: an electrically-powered compressor; a heat rejection heat exchanger; an expansion device; and a heat absorption heat exchanger.
  • An internal combustion engine (ICE) generator may also be provided to power the compressor.
  • Thermochemical refrigeration systems may operate in an intermittent fashion or may be operated continuously using parallel loops.
  • the process is based on liquid thermochemical refrigerant (e.g., ammonia) evaporation to a gas which reacts with a medium (e.g., reactive salts).
  • the system has three main elements; an evaporator containing liquid ammonia; a valve; and a reactor containing the reactive salts. These operate in two stages: stage one being a refrigeration stage; and stage two being a recharging or regeneration stage.
  • two parallel flows may be configured with one flow in a refrigeration stage and the other in a regeneration stage, and then switch.
  • thermochemical refrigerant may be toxic or otherwise hazardous and thus adequately sealed refrigeration systems may be used to prevent leakage of the thermochemical refrigerant into the compartment and/or cargo space.
  • JP 2006 317127 discloses an ammonia abatement method and apparatus including a refrigeration system, an ammonia detection sensor and electric shutters.
  • a safety system comprising: a container comprising a door wherein the container defines a cargo space; a refrigeration system, wherein at least a portion of the refrigeration system is located at one end of the container and having at least one thermochemical refrigerant; at least one sensor located within the container and configured to detect a presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within an ambient air in the container; a locking mechanism operably configured to automatically lock and seal the door of the container such that persons cannot enter; and a safety controller in communication with the at least one sensor and operably connected to the refrigeration system and the locking mechanism, the safety controller configured to lock and seal the container with the locking mechanism when the at least one sensor detects the presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air in the container above a predetermined threshold.
  • the safety controller is configured to shut off the refrigeration system when the at least one sensor detects the presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air in the container above a predetermined threshold.
  • thermochemical refrigerant is ammonia
  • the at least one sensor comprises a sensor located on a ceiling of the container and a sensor located on a floor of the container.
  • Further embodiments of the system may include that the locking mechanism is configured to lock and seal a door of the container.
  • the refrigeration system includes a tank configured to contain the thermochemical refrigerant, the tank located within the container.
  • inventions of the system may include that the container is a container of a tractor trailer system.
  • the safety controller is configured to control at least one of a valve or a power supply to the refrigeration system such that when the safety controller shuts off the refrigeration system it prevents fluid flow of the thermochemical refrigerant within the refrigeration system.
  • Further embodiments of the system may include a notification system configured to provide a notification that the at least one thermochemical refrigerant is present within the container above the threshold.
  • a method of providing safety for a container having a refrigeration system wherein the container defines a cargo space comprising: monitoring with at least one sensor located within the container for a presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within an ambient air in the container; detecting the presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air in the container above a predefined threshold; and controlling a locking mechanism to lock and seal a door of the container when the presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air in the container above a predetermined threshold is detected.
  • Further embodiments of the method may include controlling the refrigeration system to shut off the refrigeration system when the presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air in the container above a predetermined threshold is detected.
  • thermochemical refrigerant is ammonia
  • Further embodiments of the method may include that both the locking mechanism and the refrigeration unit are controlled when the presence of the at least one thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air in the container is detected above the predetermined threshold.
  • Further embodiments of the method may include that the locking mechanism is configured to lock and seal a door of the container.
  • the refrigeration system includes a tank configured to contain the thermochemical refrigerant, the tank located within the container.
  • Further embodiments of the method may include providing a notification that the at least one thermochemical refrigerant is present within the container above the threshold.
  • controlling the refrigeration system comprising controlling at least one of a valve or a power supply to the refrigeration system such that when the refrigeration system shuts off it prevents fluid flow of the thermochemical refrigerant within the refrigeration system.
  • a refrigeration safety system configured to detect the presence of a thermochemical refrigerant leak within a container and automatically locking and sealing the container such that persons cannot enter the container. Further technical effects include a refrigeration safety system configured to automatically shut down a refrigeration system when the presence of a thermochemical refrigerant is detected within a container (e.g., outside of a refrigeration system).
  • FIG. 1A Shown in FIG. 1A is a schematic of an embodiment of a container transportation system 100.
  • the container transportation system 100 includes a tractor 102 including an operator's compartment or cab 104 and also including an engine, which acts as the drive system of the container transportation system 100.
  • a container 106 is coupled to the tractor 102.
  • the container 106 is a refrigerated container 106 and includes a top wall 108, a directly opposed bottom wall 110, opposed side walls 112, and a front wall 114, with the front wall 114 being closest to the tractor 102.
  • the container 106 further includes a door or doors (not shown) at a rear wall 116, opposite the front wall 114.
  • the walls of the container 106 define a cargo compartment.
  • the container 106 is configured to maintain a cargo 118 located inside the cargo compartment at a selected temperature through the use of a refrigeration system 120 located on or next to the container 106.
  • the refrigeration system 120 as shown in FIG. 1A , is located at or attached to the front wall 114.
  • the refrigeration system 120 includes a compressor 122, a condenser 124, an expansion valve 126, an evaporator 128, and an evaporator fan 130.
  • the compressor 122 is operably connected to a refrigeration engine 132 which drives the compressor 122.
  • the refrigeration engine 132 is connected to the compressor in one of several ways, such as a direct shaft drive, a belt drive, one or more clutches, and/or via an electrical generator.
  • a refrigerant line 123 fluidly connects the components of the refrigeration system 120.
  • Airflow is circulated into and through the cargo compartment of the container 106 by means of the refrigeration system 120.
  • a return airflow 134 flows into the refrigeration system 120 from the cargo compartment of the container 106 through a refrigeration unit inlet 136, and across the evaporator 128 via the evaporator fan 130, thus cooling the return airflow 134 to a selected or predetermined temperature.
  • the cooled return airflow 134 now referred to as supply airflow 138, is supplied into the cargo compartment of the container 106 through a refrigeration unit outlet 140, which in some embodiments is located near the top wall 108 of the container 106.
  • the supply airflow 138 cools the cargo 118 in the cargo compartment of the container 106. It is to be appreciated that the refrigeration system 120 can further be operated in reverse to warm the container 106 when, for example, the outside temperature is very low.
  • the refrigeration system 120 is positioned in a frame 142 and contained in an accessible housing 144, with the frame 142 and/or the housing 144 secured to an exterior side of the front wall 114 such that the refrigeration system 120 is positioned between the front wall 114 and the tractor 102, as shown in FIG. 1A .
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are merely exemplary and provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes only. The disclosure is not limited thereby.
  • a tractor-trailer configuration is shown, systems may be employed in other trailer configurations, in various truck configurations, and/or in other systems and configurations employing refrigeration units and/or systems, transportation or otherwise.
  • a chemical coolant-based refrigeration system may be employed.
  • a tank or other container may be configured within the cargo compartment of the trailer, and may be in fluid communication with the refrigeration unit to provide a coolant to the system, i.e., the chemical coolant.
  • the chemical coolant may be ammonia, although other chemicals may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the condenser may be located external to the cargo compartment of the trailer.
  • a container transportation system 200 or other cargo transportation system may include a trailer 202 and a container 206.
  • the container 206 may define a cargo space therein and at one end of the container 206 may be a refrigeration system 220.
  • the refrigeration system 220 includes a condenser 224 and an evaporator 228.
  • the refrigeration system 220 includes other components that are not shown for simplicity.
  • the evaporator 228 may include a tank or be fluidly connected to a tank that contains a thermochemical refrigerant, such as ammonia.
  • the condenser 224 may be located outside of the container 206, such as mounted thereto, and the evaporator 228 may be located within the container 206, such as mounted to a sidewall of the container 206.
  • the refrigeration system 220 configured as a thermochemical refrigerant refrigeration system may not include a compressor. Rather, the cooling effect is provided by a chemical reaction of the thermochemical refrigerant.
  • the evaporator 228 may provide cooled air 246 into a cargo space defined by the container 206.
  • the refrigeration system 220 may be a closed or sealed refrigeration system that is configured to minimize and/or prevent leaks of the thermochemical refrigerant into the cargo or container space.
  • At one end of the container 206 may be a door 248 that is configured to open and close.
  • the door 248 may enable access from the outside into the cargo space of the container.
  • the door 248 may provide a closed or contained state of the container.
  • the door 248 may be configured to provide a seal such that fluids, such as liquids and/or gases may not be able to pass through the door 248.
  • the door 248 and/or the container 206 may include a locking mechanism 250.
  • the locking mechanism 250 may be configured to lock or seal the door 248 in the closed state. Further, the locking mechanism 250, as shown, is located on the interior of the container 206 such that when engaged and locking the door 248, the locking mechanism 250 may not be accessible from the exterior of the container 206.
  • the container 206 may also include one or more sensors 252.
  • the sensors 252 may be configured to detect the presence of the thermochemical refrigerant that is used in the thermochemical refrigerant based refrigeration system 220. That is, the sensors 252 may be configured to detect a leak of the thermochemical refrigerant within the container 206 and/or any thermochemical refrigerant that is present outside of the refrigeration system 220. As shown, a first sensor is located on the ceiling of the container 206 and a second sensor is located on the floor of the container 206. In some embodiments, the sensors 252 may be configured to detect the presence of the thermochemical refrigerant within the ambient air of the container 206. In some embodiments, only one sensor and/or one general location of sensor may be employed.
  • thermochemical refrigerants are lighter than air and appropriate sensors may only be required to be installed on a ceiling or roof of a container.
  • ammonia may be used as a thermochemical refrigerant, with ammonia being lighter than air, and thus ammonia sensors may only be installed on the top, ceiling, or roof of a container in which an ammonia-based thermochemical refrigerant system is used.
  • the sensors 252 may be in communication with a safety controller 254 that may be located within the container 206, as shown, although the location of the safety controller 254 is not limited to being located within the container 206.
  • the safety controller 254 may be configured to receive data or signals from the one or more sensors 252.
  • the communication between the safety controller 254 and the one or more sensors 252 may be by wired and/or wireless communication.
  • the safety controller 254 may also be in operable communication with the locking mechanism 250 and the refrigeration system 220.
  • the safety controller 254 may be configured to operably controller the locking mechanism 250 and at least a portion of the refrigeration system 220.
  • the safety controller 254 may be configured operably control a valve and/or a power supply of the refrigeration system 220.
  • the safety controller 254 may be configured to determine if a leak of the thermochemical refrigerant is leaking within the container 206.
  • a threshold value which may be zero or greater, may be set such that when the safety controller 254 receives data or information from the sensors 252 that a presence of the thermochemical refrigerant within the container 206 is above the threshold, the safety controller may control the locking mechanism 250 to lock and seal the door 248 and/or may turn off the refrigeration system 220 and/or shut a thermochemical refrigerant flow within the refrigeration system 220 by operation of a valve.
  • the safety controller 254 may be optionally configured to send a signal or notification to a user or other system to indicate that a leak is present and/or may be configured to provide an alarm such as a light or sound indicating there is a leak.
  • the safety controller 254 and/or the locking mechanism 250 may be configured to maintain the locked and sealed state of the door 248 until the concentration of the thermochemical refrigerant within the container 206 drops below the threshold and/or until a proper treatment and/or maintenance operation is performed.
  • the container 206 includes two sensors 252.
  • any number of sensors may be used and the position may be varied and is not limited to only the top and/or bottom of the container 206.
  • only one sensor may be used and may be positioned in a location to readily detect a leak of the thermochemical refrigerant.
  • multiple sensors may be used at various locations.
  • the sensor location may be based, in part, on the type of thermochemical refrigerant to be detected. For example, if the thermochemical refrigerant, in a leak, is lighter than the air within the container, the sensor may be located above the evaporator, the thermochemical refrigerant tank, and/or a portion of the refrigeration system. However, if the thermochemical refrigerant, in a leak, is heavier than the air within the container, it may be appropriate to locate the sensor below the evaporator, the thermochemical refrigerant tank, and/or a portion of the refrigeration system.
  • a locking controller may be integrally configured with the locking mechanism 250, with the locking controller in communication with the one or more sensors 252, and when a thermochemical refrigerant level is detected above the threshold, the locking controller controls the locking mechanism 250 to lock the door 248.
  • a refrigeration controller integral with the refrigeration system 220 may be configured in communication with the one or more sensors 252 and upon a leak or other event where the sensors detect the thermochemical refrigerant above the threshold, the refrigeration controller may control the refrigeration system to shut down or otherwise prevent further leakage of the thermochemical refrigerant.
  • the sensors may be integrally located and positioned within or on a portion of the refrigeration system.
  • one or more sensors may be located at predetermined locations that may be subject to leaks, such as along coolant fluid lines.
  • the sensors 252 and/or the safety controller 254 may be provided with dedicated power, such as batteries or other power sources.
  • the power may be supplied from a vehicle or other engine or motor and/or from grid power, depending on the configuration.
  • the flow process 300 may be performed within and as part of a refrigeration system that is configured to cool a space using thermochemical refrigerants.
  • the flow process 300 may be performed with systems described herein and/or other refrigeration systems.
  • one or more sensors located within a cargo space may be configured to detect the presence of a thermochemical refrigerant in the air.
  • the sensors may be configured to detect the presence of a thermochemical refrigerant that is used in a refrigeration system that is configured to cool the cargo space.
  • the sensors may monitor for the presence of the thermochemical refrigerant in the air and/or may be configured to detect a particular concentration and/or threshold amount of the thermochemical refrigerant in the air.
  • a threshold may be any concentration, including zero.
  • the sensors may be in communication with a controller or other device.
  • the sensors may detect the presence of the thermochemical refrigerant at a level above a predefined threshold.
  • the threshold may be the mere presence of the thermochemical refrigerant in the air or may be a specific concentration, such as a value in parts per million or parts per billion, or some other measurement.
  • the sensors are configured to send a signal or other information to the controller, either wirelessly or by wired connection.
  • the controller is configured to operate a locking mechanism on a door of the container to secure the door closed and prevent someone from opening the door.
  • the locking mechanism may be a magnetic or electromagnetic lock, may be a mechanical lock, or other type of locking mechanism.
  • the controller may be configured to operate a portion of the refrigeration system to stop the refrigeration system.
  • the controller may be configured to electrically turn off the refrigeration system, may be configured to control a valve to prevent further flow of the thermochemical refrigerant coolant within the refrigeration system, or may be configured to provide other control of the refrigeration system to stop the system, and thus prevent further leakage of the thermochemical refrigerant into the cargo space of the container.
  • the controller may be optionally configured to provide a notification of thermochemical refrigerant levels above the predefined threshold.
  • the notification may be a message sent to a monitoring system or a user, such as an email or text.
  • the notification may be an alert such as a sound or light that is located on the container to indicate that a leak of the thermochemical refrigerant has occurred and notifies persons of the potential for hazardous conditions.
  • embodiments described herein provide a safety system for containers that is configured to automatically detect the presence of a thermochemical refrigerant within a container space and automatically lock doors and/or shut down a refrigeration system of the container.
  • containers include the present systems may include transportation containers, shipping containers, sea containers, or storage rooms or other confined or enclosed spaces that have refrigeration systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Système de sécurité comprenant :
    un conteneur (206) comprenant une porte (248) dans lequel le conteneur définit un espace de chargement ;
    un système de réfrigération (220), dans lequel au moins une partie du système de réfrigération est située à une extrémité du conteneur et ayant au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique ;
    au moins un capteur (252) situé à l'intérieur du conteneur et configuré pour détecter la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans un air ambiant dans le conteneur ;
    un mécanisme de verrouillage (250) configuré de manière opérationnelle pour verrouiller et sceller automatiquement la porte du conteneur de sorte que des personnes ne puissent pas entrer ; et
    un dispositif de commande de sécurité en communication avec l'au moins un capteur et relié de manière opérationnelle au système de réfrigération et au mécanisme de verrouillage, le dispositif de commande de sécurité étant configuré pour verrouiller et sceller le conteneur avec le mécanisme de verrouillage lorsque l'au moins un capteur détecte la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans l'air ambiant dans le conteneur au-delà d'un seuil prédéterminé.
  2. Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif de commande de sécurité (254) est configuré pour arrêter le système de réfrigération lorsque l'au moins un capteur détecte la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans l'air ambiant dans le conteneur au-delà d'un seuil prédéterminé.
  3. Système de sécurité selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique est l'ammoniac.
  4. Système de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'au moins un capteur (252) comprend un capteur situé sur un plafond du conteneur (206) et un capteur situé sur un plancher du conteneur.
  5. Système de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de réfrigération (220) comporte un réservoir configuré pour contenir le fluide frigorigène thermochimique, le réservoir étant situé à l'intérieur du conteneur (206).
  6. Système de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le conteneur (206) est un conteneur d'un système de semi-remorque.
  7. Système de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de commande de sécurité (254) est configuré pour commander au moins l'une parmi une vanne ou une alimentation électrique du système de réfrigération (220) de sorte que lorsque le dispositif de commande de sécurité arrête le système de réfrigération, il empêche l'écoulement du fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans le système de réfrigération.
  8. Système de sécurité selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un système de notification configuré pour fournir une notification indiquant que l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique est présent dans le conteneur (206) au-delà du seuil.
  9. Procédé de sécurisation d'un conteneur (206) ayant un système de réfrigération selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel le conteneur définit un espace de chargement, le procédé comprenant :
    la surveillance, avec au moins un capteur (252) situé à l'intérieur du conteneur, de la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans un air ambiant dans le conteneur ;
    la détection de la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans l'air ambiant dans le conteneur au-delà d'un seuil prédéfini ; et
    la commande d'un mécanisme de verrouillage (250) pour verrouiller et sceller une porte (248) du conteneur lorsque la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans l'air ambiant dans le conteneur au-delà d'un seuil prédéterminé est détectée.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, comprenant en outre la commande du système de réfrigération pour arrêter le système de réfrigération lorsque la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans l'air ambiant dans le conteneur au-delà d'un seuil prédéterminé est détectée.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique est l'ammoniac.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel le mécanisme de verrouillage (250) et l'unité de réfrigération sont tous deux commandés lorsque la présence de l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans l'air ambiant dans le conteneur (206) est détectée au-delà du seuil prédéterminé.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel le système de réfrigération (220) comporte un réservoir configuré pour contenir le fluide frigorigène thermochimique, le réservoir étant situé à l'intérieur du conteneur (206).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, comprenant en outre la fourniture d'une notification indiquant que l'au moins un fluide frigorigène thermochimique est présent à l'intérieur du conteneur (206) au-delà du seuil.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, dans lequel la commande du système de réfrigération (220) comprend la commande d'au moins l'une parmi une vanne ou une alimentation électrique du système de réfrigération de sorte que lorsque le système de réfrigération s'arrête, il empêche l'écoulement du fluide frigorigène thermochimique dans le système de réfrigération.
EP15828855.5A 2015-12-22 2015-12-22 Système de sécurité pour récipient comportant un système frigorifique et procédé pour assurer la sécurité Active EP3394528B1 (fr)

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US11472265B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-10-18 Carrier Corporation Refrigerant leak detection system
US11407287B2 (en) 2019-04-11 2022-08-09 Carrier Corporation Refrigerant leak sensor pre-trip sequence and diagnostics
EP3760955A1 (fr) 2019-07-02 2021-01-06 Carrier Corporation Système de détection de danger distribué pour un système de réfrigération de transport
CN113028667A (zh) 2019-12-25 2021-06-25 开利公司 运输制冷系统以及用于运输制冷系统的can id分配方法

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JP4002507B2 (ja) * 2002-12-20 2007-11-07 株式会社前川製作所 Ｎｈ３ヒートポンプ
JP4362383B2 (ja) * 2004-02-02 2009-11-11 東京電力株式会社 アンモニア冷凍装置用の除害装置
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