EP3392452B1 - Sicherungsverfahren einer unterwasserleitung zur verbindung von meeeresboden und oberfläche beim abschalten der produktion - Google Patents

Sicherungsverfahren einer unterwasserleitung zur verbindung von meeeresboden und oberfläche beim abschalten der produktion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3392452B1
EP3392452B1 EP18164457.6A EP18164457A EP3392452B1 EP 3392452 B1 EP3392452 B1 EP 3392452B1 EP 18164457 A EP18164457 A EP 18164457A EP 3392452 B1 EP3392452 B1 EP 3392452B1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
production
pipe portion
fluid
auxiliary
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EP18164457.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3392452A1 (de
Inventor
Stéphanie ABRAND
Stéphane ANRES
Lionel Macauley
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Saipem SA
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Saipem SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/0007—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 for underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E21B33/038—Connectors used on well heads, e.g. for connecting blow-out preventer and riser
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/08—Casing joints
    • E21B17/085—Riser connections
    • E21B17/0853—Connections between sections of riser provided with auxiliary lines, e.g. kill and choke lines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
    • E21B33/037—Protective housings therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/013—Connecting a production flow line to an underwater well head

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of fluid transport pipes for the transfer of hydrocarbons, in particular crude oil containing mainly an oily phase of hydrocarbons, water and gas, from subsea production wells , hereinafter referred to as production fluid.
  • This invention applies more particularly to the development of deep-sea oil fields, that is to say oil installations installed in the open sea, in which the surface equipment is generally located on floating structures, the wellheads being at bottom of the sea.
  • the pipes concerned by the present invention comprising more particularly the risers called bottom-surface connection pipes rising towards the surface, but also the pipes resting at the bottom of the sea connecting the well heads to said risers.
  • the main application of the invention concerns submerged, underwater or subaquatic pipes or pipelines, and more particularly at great depth, beyond 300 meters, and conveying hot petroleum products, excessive cooling of which would be problematic in the event of production stoppage.
  • Deep sea developments are carried out in water depths currently reaching 1500 m. Future developments are envisaged by water depths up to 3000-4000 m and beyond.
  • Paraffins and asphaltenes remain attached to the wall and therefore require cleaning by scraping the inside of the pipe; on the other hand, hydrates are even more difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to absorb.
  • thermal insulation and reheating of such pipes makes it possible to delay the cooling of the petroleum effluents conveyed not only in established production regime, so that their temperature is for example at least 40°C when arriving at the surface, for a temperature of production at the entrance to the pipe from 70°C to 80°C, but also in the event of a reduction or even cessation of production, in order to to prevent the temperature of the effluents from falling, for example, below 30°C, in order to limit the above problems, or at least to make them reversible.
  • the standard preservation method is to depressurize the line first. This measure is not sufficient to preserve the pipe at great depth, after closing the wellhead valve upstream of the pipe and depressurizing it by opening the valve at the top of the riser on the surface, circulation in loop of an inert substitute product, for example diesel or degassed crude oil (“dead crude oil”) is initiated.
  • inert we mean here that the fluid does not react to form hydrate crystals.
  • This so-called conventional or hybrid loop process is illustrated on the figure 1 .
  • This process allows the pipe to drop in temperature to 4°C without the formation of hydrate plugs.
  • the same diesel is generally used to reheat the pipe by circulating it in a loop from the floating support where it is heated by passing it through boilers or heat exchangers, recovering calories in from gas turbines. It is only after this reheating phase with diesel circulation that the wellhead valves can be reopened and production resumed.
  • a process is described in which after depressurization of the pipe following a case of production stoppage, the fluid it contains is replaced with an inert replacement fluid.
  • a mechanical scraper is used, previously stored near the entrance to the first pipe, in combination with a product inhibiting the formation of blockages or not being able to form a hydrate hereinafter referred to as a hydrate formation inhibitor product such as methanol, glycol or mono ethylene glycol (MEG for short) and a displacement fluid injected into the pipe, upstream of it at the bottom of the sea, to move and advance the inhibitor product and the mechanical scraper by pushing it in the pipe towards the surface.
  • a hydrate formation inhibitor product such as methanol, glycol or mono ethylene glycol (MEG for short
  • the displacement fluid is degassed diesel or crude oil combined with a hydrate inhibitor and acts as a replacement fluid in the line.
  • the water injection line allows the scraper to be replaced at the storage site to ensure subsequent preservation. Due to the fact that the replacement fluid does not contain gas or water and/or contains a product that inhibits the formation of hydrates, upon restarting there is no risk of hydrate formation.
  • the main aim of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved method for preserving and securing a production pipe forming a bottom-surface connection pipe, when production is stopped and when production is restarted to avoid the formation of hydrates and so that after a prolonged shutdown, the restart phase is facilitated.
  • this goal is achieved by providing a method of stopping production and securing an underwater production bottom-surface connection pipe according to claim 1.
  • Other provisions of the invention are set forth in the attached set of claims.
  • This additional degassing of the production fluid contained in the first part of the pipe makes it possible to reduce the pressure of the first part of the pipe more significantly to a pressure level close to that on the surface and thus eliminate a risk of formation of hydrates in said first part of pipe resting at the bottom of the sea without having to carry out fluid replacement within it. Otherwise, the pressure at the level of the first part of the pipe and at the level of the wellhead would be linked to the hydrostatic column of the rising pipe of said second part of the pipe and the depressurization would not make it possible to exclude in certain cases the risk of hydrate formation.
  • At least one valve V2 is closed at the end closest to the well head of the first part of the pipe resting at the bottom. from the sea and a valve V0 is opened at the top of the second part of the surface pipe.
  • the degassed and cold production liquid in the first part of the pipe is in a condition of hydrate formation (zone Z1 or Z2 described below) at the pressure resulting from the liquid column of the second part pipe, before restarting production, before putting the first part of the production pipe into communication with said second part of the production pipe, any liquid contained in said second part of the pipe is emptied.
  • the rise of the production fluid is encouraged in said second part of the production pipe, by sending gas from the ship or floating support on the surface into a first auxiliary pipe for transporting gas opening out at the lower end of the second part of the production pipe to which it is connected.
  • step a1) the production fluid is replaced within said second pipe part by injecting an inert replacement fluid, preferably an inert fluid further comprising or constituting a product inhibiting the formation of 'hydrates, from a first tank on the ship or floating support in a first annex gas lift pipe or second annex pipe extending to the lower end of the second part of pipe which is previously isolated from the first part of pipe after depressurization of said first part of production pipe, said inert fluid replacing and thus pushing back the production fluid towards the vessel or floating support.
  • an inert replacement fluid preferably an inert fluid further comprising or constituting a product inhibiting the formation of 'hydrates
  • said buffer pipe forms a buffer tank in that it is connected to the lower end of said second pipe part on the side of its so-called proximal end, its distal end being closed.
  • step a2) to transfer the production fluid from said second part of pipe to a buffer tank formed by a buffer pipe extending to the bottom of the sea from the lower end of said second part of pipe, the gas contained in the buffer pipe is concomitantly evacuated via a first additional gas lift pipe which is connected to it by valves located on the one hand at its end and on the other hand at its distal end.
  • said buffer tank preferably said buffer pipe, is drained. This allows the buffer pipe to be available to drain the second part of the production pipe during a next production stoppage.
  • a separation gel is introduced at the distal end of the buffer pipe and it is pushed by gas injection so as to move it with the liquid content of the buffer pipe towards the the lower end of the second part of the production pipe then all along it to evacuate it at its top.
  • the separation gel forms a sufficiently strong and waterproof chemical scraper to be able to be pushed by the gas and physically separate it from the liquid contents of the buffer pipe and thus drain it.
  • the direct injection of gas into the production fluid of the buffer pipe due to the required increase in pressure would cause hydrate formation.
  • the absence of a separator gel between the gas and the remaining production in the buffer pipe would lead to inefficient draining of the production liquid.
  • step d) once the separation gel is in the buffer pipe, gas is injected from the vessel or support floating on the surface via a first annex pipe and a diversion pipe opening at the distal end of the buffer pipe for pushing the separation gel and the production fluid downstream thereof to the top of said second part of the production pipe.
  • said first and second reactive compounds can be stored in tanks at the bottom of the sea and therefore transferred from said tanks at the bottom of the sea to said second static mixer.
  • step d the reagents contained in said second and third annex pipes are replaced. and said second and third bypass lines with an inert replacement fluid, preferably methanol.
  • the reagents contained in said second and third auxiliary pipes and said second and third diversion pipes are replaced by an inert replacement fluid, preferably methanol, by sending said replacement fluid from the ship or floating support. on the surface, in said second annex pipe and by evacuating the contents of said second annex pipe towards the third annex pipe then towards the top of the third annex pipe at the level of the ship or floating support on the surface, the two called second and third auxiliary pipes being made capable of communicating with each other, preferably just before said second mixer.
  • an inert replacement fluid preferably methanol
  • step d) before closing said second chamber, an inert fluid such as methanol is sent from the ship or support floating on the surface, into a said second or third annex pipe and a said second or third bypass pipe which pushes said separation gel from said second chamber into said buffer pipe before being pushed towards the top of said second production pipe part by gas injection at the end of the buffer pipe .
  • an inert fluid such as methanol
  • step d) or after step d) the gel and the liquid are raised in the said buffer pipe then in the second part of the production pipe, by sending from the ship or floating support on the surface into said first annex pipe inert gas opening at the distal end of the buffer pipe.
  • the gel can alternatively be formed on the ship and sent into the first part of the pipe from an annex pipe.
  • said gel is sufficiently viscous and in sufficient quantity to form a physical separation preventing contact and mixing between the fluids located on either side of the gel in said first part of the production line, namely a hot fluid. of production sent from the wellhead and a cold production fluid, preferably degassed, initially contained in the pipe from a production shutdown.
  • This separation constitutes insulation preventing the formation of hydrates within the first part of the pipe.
  • This type of gel is known to those skilled in the art in particular under the name "pig gel" to be formed on the surface on the ship or floating support and then sent from the surface into a pipe at the bottom of the sea in the activities pre-conditioning of the pipe at the time of its initial commissioning.
  • the mixing of the two reagents is carried out in these known applications either during injection from a support boat, or before installation of the system, for example a FLET (“Flowline End Termination”).
  • FLET Flowline End Termination
  • the reagents are injected from an oil processing vessel (FPSO) onto the subsea production site to create the pig gel in-situ.
  • FPSO oil processing vessel
  • pig gel is used systematically for any other production start-up than the initial start-up after installation of the lines.
  • the gel is thus available much more easily and quickly to send it into the first part of the pipe when production is restarted on the one hand and, on the other hand, for emptying the buffer pipe.
  • the gel here fulfills a new function in that it serves to separate two production fluids, one degassed and the other newly produced and containing gas, and allows the subsea field to be restarted.
  • said first and second reactive compounds can be stored in tanks at the bottom of the sea and therefore transferred from said tanks at the bottom of the sea to said first mixer static.
  • step e1 the reagents contained in said second and third auxiliary pipes are replaced by an inert replacement fluid, preferably methanol.
  • the reagents contained in said second and third auxiliary pipes are replaced by an inert replacement fluid, preferably methanol, by sending said replacement fluid from the ship or support floating on the surface, into said second pipe.
  • an inert replacement fluid preferably methanol
  • the two said second and third annex pipes being made capable of communicating with each other, preferably just before said first mixer. This can be achieved if the two said second and third annex pipes are made capable of communicating with each other just before said first mixer through an open communication valve V9, isolation valves of these second and third annex pipes with the first mixer respectively V8 and V11 being closed.
  • step e2) an inert fluid such as methanol is sent from the ship or support floating on the surface, into a said second or third annex pipe which pushes the said separation gel from said first chamber towards the said first part of production management.
  • a compound inhibiting the formation of hydrate is sent, preferably methanol, from the vessel or support floating on the surface, in a said second or third annex pipe up to the end of the first production pipe part near the wellhead, in the production fluid sent into the first pipe part.
  • the present invention also provides a fluid production installation as defined by claims 21 to 24.
  • valve means a valve capable of isolating or communicating two pipes with each other.
  • FIG. 1 we show an installation for securing a production bottom-surface connection pipe 1 for securing the pipe when stopping and restarting production in which according to the prior art a loop is made with an annex pipe 18 connected to the end of the production pipe 1 and forming a loop capable of replacing the production fluid with an inert replacement fluid in the entire bottom-surface connection pipe 1.
  • Curve C presented in Figure 3 illustrates the path representing the desired evolution of the torque (Pressure, Temperature) according to the present invention for the production fluid in said first pipe 1-1 resting at the bottom of the sea from the normal production point C1, at pressure conditions P1 and temperature T1, until the preserved state at point C2 at the final temperature T0 which is that of the sea bottom, i.e. approximately 4°C, and final pressure P2 which is lower than the hydrate formation pressure at the temperature of the sea floor T0.
  • gas molecules hydrocarbon gases from methane to butane, acid gases CO 2 or H 2 S, or nitrogen
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to preserve the pipe 1 without fluid replacement, thus saving the operational time necessary for replacing the production fluid with an inert fluid generally observed.
  • proximal or distalfront refers to a position closer to the vessel or floating support on the surface and “distal” or “behind” or “after” refer to a position further away from the vessel or floating support on the surface relative to another point such as another valve or other pipe end following the path of a fluid flowing in the pipe at this position.
  • first production pipe 1-1 also hereinafter referred to as “first production pipe 1-1”
  • second production pipe 1-2 also hereinafter referred to as "second production pipe 1-2"
  • the second part pipe 1-2 may consist of a substantially vertical riser up to the surface or constituted of a hybrid pipe composed of a rigid pipe riser or substantially vertical riser 1-21 tensioned at its top 1-2c by a float 1-3 in the subsurface and a flexible pipe 1-22 in the form of a double diving chain ensuring the connection of the riser 1-21 to the ship or floating support 10.
  • a first depressurization of the entire production line 1 is carried out, followed by a complementary depressurization of the first part of the line 1-1 filled with production fluid. , by isolating the first pipe part 1-1 from the second pipe part 1-2, and the production fluid of the second pipe part 1-2 is replaced by a gas or a replacement fluid.
  • the second part of pipe 1-2 is drained of all liquid before putting it back into communication with the first pipe 1-1 before restarting production.
  • the installation comprises a first annex pipe 2 for supplying or discharging gas extending from the ship or floating support 10 on the surface to at least the lower end 1-2a of the riser 1- 21 with whom she communicates via a V6 valve.
  • This first annex pipe 2 will be used as explained below to promote the rise of the production fluid within the second pipe 1-2 in the production phase, but also to allow the replacement of the production fluid in the second part of pipe 1 -2 by an inert fluid in example 1, or the draining of the inert replacement fluid from the second part of pipe 1-2 in example 1 or the evacuation of gas to depressurize the first production pipe in example 1 or even for emptying the buffer pipe in example 2 by injection of gas upstream of the separation gel at the distal end of the buffer pipe 1a-1.
  • the wellhead 17 communicates with the distal end of the first pipe 1-1 resting at the bottom of the sea via a section of pipe 1-1a delimited by a valve V1 on the side of the wellhead 17 and a valve V2 of the other side opening onto the distal end of the first production pipe 1-1.
  • a second annex pipe 3 for liquid injection extends from a first tank 11 on the ship or floating support containing methanol or water/methanol mixture (i.e. a product inhibiting the formation of hydrates) or from a second tank 12 on the ship or floating support 10 on the surface to a valve V7 at its distal end at the bottom of the sea opening onto the pipe section 1-1a.
  • methanol or water/methanol mixture i.e. a product inhibiting the formation of hydrates
  • This solid separation gel will be used as a physical, chemical and thermal separation barrier interposed between the hot production fluid and the cold degassed fluid contained in the first pipe 1-1, the hot fluid pushing the gel and the cold fluid towards the surface without causing any risk of blockages forming.
  • the newly produced production fluid is inhibited by methanol but only for the quantity of associated produced water. Mixing this gassed production fluid with the degassed production fluid, but cold and containing uninhibited water, could in principle lead to the formation of hydrates. This is therefore a situation that current operating rules require us to avoid.
  • a section of pipe forming a first chamber 5a for forming separation gel is placed in situ at the bottom of the sea opening onto a communication valve V4 at the distal end of said first pipe 1-1 before valve V2 of pipe section 1-1a.
  • a third annex pipe 4 extends from a third tank 13 to at least a first static mixer 6a before the pipe section forming the first chamber 5a.
  • This third annex pipe 4 is intended mainly to supply the first mixer with reagent A stored in the third tank 13.
  • the lower end of the second annex pipe 3 also communicates via a valve V8 with the first mixer 6a.
  • the lower end of the third annex pipe 4 communicates with the first mixer via a valve V11.
  • a valve V9 makes it possible to communicate with each other the said second and third annex pipes 3 and 4 before the valves V7, V8 and V11.
  • the first mixer 6a makes it possible to supply the first chamber 5a with a reaction mixture of the two reagents A and B to form the separation gel within the first chamber 5a.
  • said first and second production pipes 1-1 and 1-2 and the buffer pipe 1a are pipes conventionally with diameters of 10" to 14".
  • the said annex pipes 3 and 4 and branch pipes 3a and 4a are of smaller diameters and conventionally called “umbilical”.
  • the umbilicals are bundles of small pipes, or “tubings”, whose expected diameters would be 1" to 3" for the ancillary pipes and branches 3-3a and 4-4a.
  • Said annex pipe 2 and annex pipe 2a are for example rigid pipes of intermediate diameter, typically from 4" to 6".
  • said annex pipe 2 is associated with the second production pipe 1-2 with a configuration of coaxial pipes in which the second production pipe 1-2 is the internal pipe, and said annex pipe 2 is the annular formed by the two coaxial pipes.
  • said annex pipe 2a can be in the form of a bundle of umbilical tubing with diameters of 2" to 3".
  • the first gas transport annex pipe 2 communicates via a valve V6 with the lower end of the second pipe 1-2 before the valve V3 (closer to the surface than V3).
  • the second annex pipe 3 communicates with the lower end of the second pipe 1-2, via a branch 3'a from point 3-1 before the valve V9, the branch pipe 3'a comprising a valve V10 opening on the second line 1-2 between valves V3 and V6.
  • the first annex pipe 2 for transporting gas comprises an upper part 2-1 communicating at its lower end, with on the one hand the valve V6, on the other hand with a valve V19 capable of isolating it from a lower part 2-2 of said first annex pipe 2, the distal end of which comprises a valve V5 communicating with the proximal end of the first pipe 1-1 just after the valve V3 (further from the surface than V3).
  • the first annex pipe 2 for transporting gas does not include said lower part 2-2 nor a valve V19 capable of isolating it from a lower part 2-2, but there is a valve V5 communicating with the proximal end of the first pipe 1-1 just after valve V3 which is connected to a fourth annex pipe 7 going up to the surface.
  • the first variant represents the most optimized solution in that the first annex pipe 2 is already present for gas injection (in English gas lift) at the foot of said second part of production pipe 1-2 so that only the lower part of the first annex pipe 2-1 must be added to the architecture.
  • valves V0, V1, V2, V3 and V6 are open. All other valves are closed. Opening valves V1, V2 and V3 allows the production fluid (crude oil) to rise to the surface via the bottom-surface connection pipe 1. Opening valve V6 and injecting gas into annex pipe 2 from the surface to the lower end 1-2a of the second pipe 1-2 makes it possible to facilitate the rise of the production fluid towards the surface in the second pipe 1-2.
  • the second and third annex pipes 3 and 4 as well as the first chamber 5a and first mixer 6a are filled with methanol for preservation measures and restart in the event of a subsequent cessation of production as described below.
  • valves V0, V1 and V6 are closed. Then, valve V7 is opened and methanol is injected via the second annex pipe 3 into wellhead 17 and towards valve V2 until the production fluid is replaced. Valve V2 is then closed.
  • valve V0 is opened on the surface at the upper end 1-2b of the second pipe 1-2, to allow the degassing of the production fluid contained in the two production pipes 1-1 and 1-2, and thus carry out a first depressurization of said entire production lines 1-1 and 1-2.
  • the fluid contained in the first line 1-1 is at a higher average pressure than in the second line 1-2 due to the column of liquid in the second line 1-2 between the bottom and the surface.
  • a complementary depressurization is carried out after closing the valves V3 and V7, and opening the valves V5 and V19 according to the variant of the Figure 1A to allow evacuation of the residual gas contained in the production fluid within the first pipe 1-1 and reduce the pressure in the first pipe 1-1 in order to further prevent the formation of hydrate plugs.
  • the additional depressurization of the first pipe 1-1 can be carried out through a dedicated umbilical, namely the fourth annex pipe 7, by opening the valve V5.
  • the pressure in the first pipe increases from a pressure of a few tens of bars (generally above the hydrate formation pressure at room temperature (Z1)) before additional depressurization at less than ten bars (i.e. Z3 zone preserved from hydrates) after additional depressurization.
  • valves V6, V8 and V9 being closed by default (normal position in operation), V7 having been closed in the previous step, valve V10 is opened, then methanol or water/methanol mixture is injected from the tank 11 via the third annex pipe 3 towards the second production pipe 1-2 at its lower end 1-2a by evacuating the production fluid at the top 1-2b of the second pipe 1-2 on the surface. Then once the second production line is filled with methanol, V10 is closed.
  • the replacement of the fluid of the second production line 1-2 can be carried out by injecting a replacement fluid, methanol or water/methanol mixture from the tank 11, through the first annex line 2, also called line gas lift injection.
  • a replacement fluid methanol or water/methanol mixture from the tank 11
  • the first annex line 2 also called line gas lift injection.
  • the replacement fluid can be injected into the upper part 2-1 of said second annex pipe from the ship or floating support 10 towards the second replacement pipe 1-2 and thus pushing the production fluid towards the ship or support floating 10, after depressurization of said first pipe 1-1, closing of valve V19 then opening of valve V6.
  • the replacement fluid can be injected into the upper part of said second auxiliary pipe from the ship or floating support 10 towards the second replacing pipe 1-2 and thus pushing the production towards the ship or floating support 10.
  • separation gel is prepared and stored in the first chamber 5a then the second line 1-2 is drained, as follows.
  • the valves V8 and V11 are opened and the valve V9 is left closed, then the first static mixer 6a is supplied with reagent B, of the MEG type for example, via the second annex pipe 3 and reagent A via the third annex pipe 4 so as to supply the first chamber 5a to form the separation gel.
  • the pressure in the first chamber 5a being greater than that of the distal end of the first pipe part 1-1, the valve V4 is open. It is therefore ensured that the production fluid does not flow back into the first chamber 5a.
  • the methanol initially contained in the annex pipes 3 and 4, as well as in the first mixer 6a and the first chamber 5a is evacuated via the valve V4 in the first production pipe 1-1. Then, we close the valve V4, when the first chamber 5a is entirely full of reaction mixture (A+B) of separation gel and we wait for the gel to form.
  • valve V9 we close the valves V8 and V11, and we send methanol from the tank 11 into the second annex pipe 3 which methanol is evacuated through the valve V9 in the third annex pipe 4 then towards the top of the third annex pipe 4. Then, when said annex pipes 3 and 4 are full of methanol, valve V9 is closed. It is also possible, after evacuation of the separation gel from the first chamber 5a, to purge the first mixer 6a by keeping the valve V9 closed and the valves V8 and V11 open during the replacement with methanol.
  • the second pipe 1-2 is preferably drained by injecting inert gas, preferably dehydrated gas called "gas lift", from its upper end 1-2b on the surface and the fluid is evacuated from the surface.
  • inert gas preferably dehydrated gas called "gas lift”
  • the V3, V5 and V10 valves being closed.
  • the interest here is to reduce the pressure at the level of the first line 1-1 when restarting when the valve V3 opens and thus prevent the pressure of the column of liquid contained in the second line 1-2 from being transferred on the first line 1-1 which is depressurized to a safety pressure which would cause a sudden increase in pressure and potentially risk creating a formation of hydrate plugs in the first line 1-1.
  • valves V4 and V11 or V8 are opened, and the separation gel is injected from the first chamber 5a into the first production line 1-1 by injecting methanol via valves V11 or V8 into the first mixer 6a.
  • An additional plug of methanol can also be created in front of the separation gel after its introduction into the first part of the production line 1-1.
  • valves V4 or V8 are closed, whichever of the two has been open, and valves V1, V2 and V7 are opened.
  • hot production fluid coming from the wellhead 17 is sent behind the separation gel section which isolates the hot production fluid from the cold degassed production fluid contained in the first production line 1-1, then brings it back up into the second production line 1-2, valve V3 being reopened.
  • the V6 valve being reopened, gas is injected, "called gas lift", from the top of the first annex pipe 2 to facilitate the rise of the production fluid rising in the second production pipe 1-2 .
  • valve V7 is opened and inhibitor product, namely methanol, is sent to inhibit the formation of hydrates in the production fluid at the wellhead in the first line 1-1.
  • the installation includes the following differences and additional elements compared to the installation of the first embodiment.
  • the installation comprises first of all, a so-called “buffer” pipe 1a resting at the bottom of the sea and which extends from the lower end 1-2a of said second production pipe 1-2 to which it is connected at its proximal end via a valve V5', said buffer pipe being closed at its distal end 1a-1.
  • This buffer pipe represents a volume substantially equal to that of the second part of pipe 1-2.
  • Said first auxiliary gas transport pipe 2 comprises at its lower end, on the one hand the valve V6 communicating with the lower end of the second pipe 1-2 before the valve V3 (closer to the surface than the valve V3 ) and on the other hand a diversion pipe 2a.
  • This gas transport bypass pipe 2a communicates with the buffer pipe 1a at two levels on the one hand at the proximal end of the buffer pipe just after the valve V5' via a valve V8' and on the other hand at the level of the distal end 1a-1 of the buffer pipe via a valve V9'.
  • said first auxiliary gas transport pipe 2 no longer includes a valve V5 communicating with the proximal end of the first pipe 1-1 just behind the valve V3 as in the first embodiment.
  • the second annex pipe 3 for transporting methanol or reagent B such as MEG from the tanks 11 or 12 respectively comprises a second branch pipe 3a which leaves from a point 3-1 before the valve V9 to a valve V13 at its distal end opening onto a second static mixer 6b.
  • the third annex pipe 4 for transporting reagent A comprises a third branch pipe 4a which leaves from a point 4-1 located just before a valve V16 before the valve V9 of the third annex pipe 4.
  • the third annex pipe 4 diversion 4a has a valve V17 at its proximal end, that is to say just after the diversion point 4-1 and extends to a valve V18 opening onto the second static mixer 6b.
  • the second static mixer 6b opens onto a section of pipe forming a second separation gel formation chamber 5b.
  • the second mixer 6b makes it possible to supply the second chamber 5b with a reaction mixture of the two reagents A and B to form the separation gel within the second chamber 5b.
  • the second chamber 5b communicates with the distal end of the buffer pipe 2a via a valve V6'.
  • This separation gel will be useful to allow the buffer line to be drained as described below.
  • the second and third diversion pipes 3a and 4a communicate with each other via a valve V14 located before the valves V13 and V18 (V14 is therefore in a proximal position or closer to the surface than V13 and V18).
  • the third annex pipe 4 comprises a valve V16 after the diversion point 4-1 before the valve V9, which open valve V16 allows the supply of reactive product A to the first mixer 6a.
  • valves V0, V1, V2, V3 and V6 are open. All other valves are closed. We proceed as in example 1. Opening valves V1, V2 and V3 allows the production fluid (crude oil) to rise to the surface via the bottom-surface connection pipe 1. Opening valve V6 allows facilitate the rise of the production fluid towards the surface in the second pipe 1-2 by injection of gas into the first annex pipe 2 from the surface.
  • the second and third annex pipes 3 and 4 and second and third branch pipes 3a and 4a as well as the first and second chambers 5a and 5b and first and second mixers 6a and 6b are filled with methanol.
  • valves V0, V1 and V6 are closed. Then, valve V7 is opened and methanol is injected via the second annex pipe 3 into wellhead 17 and towards valve V2 until the production fluid is replaced. Valve V2 is then closed.
  • the second production pipe 1-2 is emptied and the first part of the pipe 1-1 is more completely depressurized by degassing in the second part of the empty pipe.
  • valves V5' and V8' are closed and the valve V3 is opened to allow greater evacuation of the residual gas contained in the production fluid within the first line 1-1 towards the second empty line 1-2 and thus carry out additional depressurization of the latter via the second empty line 1-2. Then, we close V3 again.
  • the first annex pipe 2 or "gas lift" line, is generally a small diameter line with a low thermal inertia and therefore a short available cooling time (a few hours).
  • separation gel is prepared and stored in the first and second chambers 5a and 5b as follows.
  • valves V8, V11 and V16 are opened and valves V7, V9, V17 and V13 and V14 are left closed.
  • the first static mixer 6a is supplied with reagent B, of the MEG type for example, via the second annex pipe 3 and with reagent A via the third annex pipe 4 so as to supply separation gel to the first chamber 5a as in Example 1.
  • reagent B of the MEG type for example
  • valves V16, V8 and V9 are closed and valves V13, V17 and V18 are opened.
  • the second static mixer 6b is supplied with reagent B of the MEG type via the second annex pipe 3 and second diversion pipe 3a and with reagent A via the third annex pipe 4 and third diversion pipe 4a so as to supply separation gel to the second chamber 5b.
  • the methanol contained in the annex pipes 3 and 4 and bypass pipes 3a and 4a, as well as in the second mixer 6b and the second chamber 5b is discharged via the open valve V6' into the buffer pipe 2a, the valve V5 ' having been opened beforehand.
  • the pressure in the second and third annex pipes 3 and 4 and bypass pipes 3a and 4a being greater than that of the distal end of the buffer pipe 1a-1, the production fluid does not flow back into the chamber 5b.
  • valve V14 is closed. It is also possible, after evacuation of the separation gel from the second chamber 5b, to purge the first mixer 6b by keeping the valve V14 closed and the valves V18 and V13 open during the replacement with methanol.
  • the separation gel contained in the second chamber 5b will be used to empty the buffer pipe without risk of hydrate formation, before restarting production, by sending the gel to the distal end of the buffer pipe and evacuating it at the top of the second production line 1-2 in the following manner.
  • V6' and we open V9' we close V6' and we open V9', and we send inert gas, preferably "gas lift", to the distal end 2a-1 of the buffer pipe 2a, from the top of the first annex pipe 2 , valve V8' being closed.
  • said gas pushes the gel and the contents of the buffer pipe in front of the gel towards the second pipe 1-2 to evacuate it at its top 1-2b.
  • the production fluid in the buffer pipe contains degassed oil and water at low temperature. Mixing it with high pressure gas would cause hydrate formation.
  • the gel being solid can be pushed by the gas while maintaining an interface and physical separation taking into account its mechanical and chemical qualities.
  • valve V4 is opened and the separation gel is sent from the first chamber 5a into the first production line 1-1 and we proceed as in example 1.

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Claims (24)

  1. Verfahren zum Anhalten der Produktion und Sichern eines unterseeischen Produktionskanals zur Verbindung vom Grund zur Oberfläche (1), umfassend einen ersten Kanalteil (1-1), der am Meeresgrund (16) ruht, von einem Bohrlochkopf (17) bis zu einem unteren Ende (1-2a) eines zweiten Kanalteils (1-2), der sich bis zu einem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche erhebt, wobei in dem Verfahren nach dem Anhalten der Produktion zuerst ein erstes Drucklosmachen des gesamten unterseeischen Produktionskanals zur Verbindung vom Grund zur Oberfläche (1) erfolgt, und dabei nur ein Teil des in dem Produktionsfluid, das in dem Produktionskanal (1) enthalten ist, enthaltenen Gases durch dessen oberes Ende (1-2b) an die Oberfläche entweichen gelassen wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass anschließend die folgenden weiteren Schritte durchgeführt werden, in welchen:
    a) der erste Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) von dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) isoliert wird, und das Produktionsfluid in dem ersten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) belassen wird, und nicht in dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2), der entleert wird, und
    b) ein komplementäres Drucklosmachen des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1), der mit Produktionsfluid gefüllt ist, durchgeführt wird, indem der Druck in dem ersten Kanalteil (1-1) bis auf ein Druckniveau nahe jenem an der Oberfläche verringert wird und das Gas, das in dem Produktionsfluid enthalten ist, das dieser enthält, vollständiger daraus abgezogen wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor der Wiederaufnahme der Produktion vor der Herstellung der Kommunikation zwischen dem ersten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) und dem zweiten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-2) die gesamte Flüssigkeit, die in dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) enthalten ist, entleert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden:
    a1) in Schritt a), nachdem der zweite Kanalteil von dem ersten Kanalteil isoliert wurde, Ersetzen des Produktionsfluids innerhalb des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2), indem ein inertes Ersatzfluid, vorzugsweise ein inertes Fluid, das ferner ein Produkt zur Hemmung der Bildung von Hydraten beinhaltet oder darstellt, in einen zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) eingespritzt wird, der sich von einem ersten Reservoir (11) auf dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche bis zu dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) erstreckt, der von dem ersten Kanalteil (1-1) isoliert ist, und
    b1) in Schritt b) ein komplementäres Drucklosmachen des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1), der von dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) isoliert ist und mit Produktionsfluid gefüllt ist, durchgeführt wird, indem der Druck in dem ersten Kanalteil (1-1) verringert wird und das Gas, das in dem Produktionsfluid enthalten ist, das dieser enthält, vollständiger abgezogen wird, zu einem angefügten Kanal zum Abziehen von Gas (2, 7), der sich von dem Ende des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1), der dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-2) am nächsten liegt, bis zu dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche erstreckt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Schritt a1) das Produktionsfluid innerhalb des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) ersetzt wird, indem ein inertes Ersatzfluid, vorzugsweise ein inertes Fluid, das ferner ein Produkt zur Hemmung der Bildung von Hydraten beinhaltet oder darstellt, von einem ersten Reservoir (11) auf dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) in einen ersten angefügten Gas-Steigkanal (2) oder einen zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) eingespritzt wird, der sich bis zu dem unteren Ende (1- 2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) erstreckt, der nach dem Drucklosmachen des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1) vorab von dem ersten Kanalteil (1-1) isoliert wurde, wobei das inerte Fluid so das Produktionsfluid ersetzt und zu dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) hin verschiebt.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor der Wiederaufnahme der Produktion, bevor der erste Kanalteil (1-1), der am Meeresgrund ruht, wieder in Kommunikation mit dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2), der sich an die Oberfläche erhebt, versetzt wird und dorthin Produktionsfluid von dem Bohrlochkopf abgegeben wird, der zweite Kanalteil (1-2) durch Einspritzen von Inertgas in den zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) von dem höchsten Punkt (1-2b) des zweiten Kanalteils aus entleert wird und das inerte Ersatzfluid aus dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) zu der Oberfläche hin über einen ersten angefügten Gas-Steigkanal (2) abgezogen wird, der sich von der Oberfläche bis zu dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Kanalteils, mit welchem er verbunden ist, erstreckt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden:
    a2) in Schritt a) das Produktionsfluid in dem ersten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) belassen wird, und der zweite Kanalteil (1-2), der von dem ersten Kanalteil (1-1) isoliert ist, entleert wird, indem das Produktionsfluid innerhalb des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) in ein Pufferreservoir übertragen wird, das mit dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) verbunden ist, wobei das Pufferreservoir ein Pufferkanal (1a) ist, der sich am Meeresgrund von dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) weg erstreckt, und
    b2) in dem Schritt b) ein komplementäres Drucklosmachen des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1), der mit Produktionsfluid gefüllt ist, durchgeführt wird, indem er mit dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) in Kommunikation versetzt wird und indem das Gas, das in dem Produktionsfluid des ersten Kanalteils enthalten ist, vollständiger zu dem zweiten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-2) hin abgezogen wird, aus dem vorher die gesamte Flüssigkeit entleert wurde.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Schritt a2), um das Produktionsfluid des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) in das Pufferreservoir zu überführen, das durch den Pufferkanal (1a) gebildet wird, der sich am Meeresgrund von dem unteren Ende (1- 2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) erstreckt, gleichzeitig das Gas, das in dem Pufferkanal enthalten ist, über einen ersten angefügten Gas-Steigkanal (2), der mit ihm über Ventile (V8', V9') verbunden ist, die sich an seinem proximalen Ende (1-2a) einerseits und an seinem distalen Ende (1a-1) andererseits befinden, abgezogen wird.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor der Wiederaufnahme der Produktion die Entleerung des Pufferkanals (1a) erfolgt.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Entleeren des Pufferkanals (1a) ein Gel zur Trennung an dem distalen Ende (1a-1) des Pufferkanals eingeleitet wird und dieses durch Einspritzen von Gas auf solche Weise geschoben wird, um es mit dem flüssigen Inhalt des Pufferkanals zu dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-2) und dann über dessen ganze Länge zu bewegen, um es an seinem höchsten Punkt (1-2b) abzuziehen.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor dem Entleeren des Pufferkanals (1a) durch Einleiten eines Gels zur Trennung die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden, in welchen:
    c) ein Gel aus zwei Reagenzien vorzugsweise in einer zweiten Kammer (5b) zur Gelbildung am Meeresgrund gebildet wird, wobei die zweite Kammer (5b) mit dem distalen Ende (1a-1) des Pufferkanals (1a) in Kommunikation steht, wobei die zweite Kammer (5b) vorzugsweise aus einem Kanal-Teilstück in situ am Meeresgrund gebildet wird, dessen Ende in der Nähe des distalen Endes (1a-1) des Pufferkanals (1a), der am Meeresgrund ruht, mündet, und
    d) eine Menge des Gels vorzugsweise von der zweiten Kammer (5b) in den Pufferkanal (1a) geschickt wird, die ein Gel-Teilstück zur Trennung bildet, welches das Fluid, das in dem Pufferkanal (1a) enthalten ist, bis zu dem höchsten Punkt des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-2) schiebt, bevor die zweite Kammer (5b) geschlossen wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung des Gels zur Trennung in dem Schritt c) die Schritte durchgeführt werden, in welchen:
    c1) vorzugsweise von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus eine erste flüssige reaktive Verbindung in einen zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) und dann in einen zweiten Umleitungskanal (3a) geschickt wird, der sich bis zu einem zweiten statischen Mischer (6b) erstreckt, der sich am Meeresgrund befindet und in die zweite Kammer (5b) mündet, und
    c2) vorzugsweise von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus eine zweite flüssige reaktive Verbindung in einen dritten angefügten Kanal (4) und dann in einen dritten Umleitungskanal (4a) geschickt wird, der sich bis zu dem zweiten statischen Mischer (6b) erstreckt, der sich am Meeresgrund befindet und in die zweite Kammer (5b) mündet, und
    c3) die zwei Reagenzien innerhalb des zweiten statischen Mischers (6b) gemischt werden und das Gel zur Trennung durch Reaktion der beiden Reagenzien in Mischung innerhalb der zweiten Kammer (5b) gebildet wird.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Schritt d) die Reagenzien, die in dem zweiten und dritten angefügten Kanal (3, 4) und dem zweiten und dritten Umleitungskanal (3a, 4a) enthalten sind, durch ein inertes Ersatzfluid, vorzugsweise Methanol, ersetzt werden.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reagenzien, die in dem zweiten und dritten angefügten Kanal (3-3a, 4-4a) und dem zweiten und dritten Umleitungskanal (3a, 4a) enthalten sind, durch ein inertes Ersatzfluid, vorzugsweise Methanol, ersetzt werden, indem das Ersatzfluid von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus in den zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) geschickt wird und indem der Inhalt des zweiten angefügten Kanals (3) in den dritten angefügten Kanal (4) hinein und dann zu dem höchsten Punkt des dritten angefügten Kanals an dem Schiff oder dem schwimmenden Träger abgezogen wird, wobei der zweite und dritte angefügte Kanal (3, 4) beide dazu geeignet gemacht sind, miteinander in Kommunikation zu stehen, vorzugsweise unmittelbar vor dem zweiten Mischer.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Schritt d) vor dem Schließen der zweiten Kammer (5b) ein inertes Fluid wie etwa Methanol von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus in den zweiten oder dritten angefügten Kanal (3-3a, 4-4a) und den zweiten oder dritten Umleitungskanal (3a, 4a) geschickt wird, was das Gel zur Trennung von der zweiten Kammer (5b) in den Pufferkanal (1a) schiebt, bevor es durch Einspritzen von Gas an dem Ende (1a-1) des Pufferkanals zu dem höchsten Punkt des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-2) hin geschoben wird.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Schritt d) oder nach dem Schritt d) das Hochleiten des Gels und der Flüssigkeit in dem Pufferkanal und dann in dem zweiten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-2) durchgeführt wird, indem von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger an der Oberfläche aus in den ersten angefügten Kanal (2) Inertgas geschickt wird, der an dem distalen Ende (1a-1) des Pufferkanals mündet.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die folgenden Schritte zur Wiederaufnahme durchgeführt werden, in welchen:
    e1) ein Gel aus zwei Reagenzien vorzugsweise in einer ersten Kammer (5a) zur Gelbildung am Meeresgrund gebildet wird, wobei die erste Kammer (5a) mit dem Ende (1-1a) des ersten Kanalteils (1-1), das dem Bohrlochkopf am nächsten liegt, in Kommunikation steht, wobei die erste Kammer (5a) vorzugsweise aus einem Kanal-Teilstück in situ am Meeresgrund gebildet wird, dessen Ende in der Nähe des Endes des ersten Kanalteils (1-1) mündet, das dem Bohrlochkopf, der am Meeresgrund ruht, am nächsten liegt, und
    e2) eine Menge des Gels in den ersten Kanalteil (1-1) vorzugsweise von der ersten Kammer (5a) aus geschickt wird, die ein Gel-Teilstück zur Trennung bildet, welches das kalte Fluid, das in dem ersten Kanalteil (1-1) enthalten ist, zu dem zweiten Kanalteil (1-2) hin schiebt, bevor die erste Kammer (5a) geschlossen wird, anschließend
    e3) die Produktion aufgenommen wird, indem von dem Bohrlochkopf aus Produktionsfluid in den ersten Kanalteil (1-1) hinter dem Gel-Teilstück zur Trennung geschickt wird, wobei das Produktionsfluid das Gel-Teilstück in dem Kanal zur Verbindung vom Grund zur Oberfläche zu dessen höchstem Punkt (1-2b) hin schiebt, wobei das Gel eine physische Trennung sowie eine thermische Isolierung zwischen dem Produktionsfluid hinter dem Gel-Teilstück innerhalb des ersten Kanalteils einerseits und einem zumindest teilweise entgasten Fluid vor dem Gel-Teilstück innerhalb des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1) andererseits bildet.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Schritt e1) die Schritte durchgeführt werden, in welchen:
    e1-1) vorzugsweise von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus eine erste flüssige reaktive Verbindung in einen zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) geschickt wird, der sich bis in einen ersten statischen Mischer (6a) erstreckt, der sich am Meeresgrund befindet und in die erste Kammer (5a) mündet, und
    e1-2) vorzugsweise von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus eine zweite flüssige reaktive Verbindung in einen dritten angefügten Kanal (4) geschickt wird, der sich bis in den ersten statischen Mischer (6a) erstreckt, der sich am Meeresgrund befindet und in die erste Kammer (5a) mündet, und
    e1-3) die zwei Reagenzien innerhalb des statischen Mischers (6a) gemischt werden und die Bildung des Gels zur Trennung durch Reaktion der beiden Reagenzien in Mischung innerhalb der ersten Kammer (5a) zugelassen wird.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Schritt e1) die Reagenzien, die in dem zweiten und dritten angefügten Kanal (3, 4) enthalten sind, durch ein inertes Ersatzfluid, vorzugsweise Methanol, ersetzt werden.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reagenzien, die in dem zweiten und dritten angefügten Kanal (3, 4) enthalten sind, durch ein inertes Ersatzfluid, vorzugsweise Methanol, ersetzt werden, indem das Ersatzfluid von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus in den zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) geschickt wird und indem der Inhalt des zweiten angefügten Kanals (3) zu dem dritten angefügten Kanal (4) hin und dann zu dem höchsten Punkt des dritten angefügten Kanals an dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger hin abgezogen wird, wobei der zweite und dritte angefügte Kanal (3, 4) beide dazu geeignet gemacht sind, miteinander in Kommunikation zu stehen, vorzugsweise unmittelbar vor dem ersten Mischer.
  20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Schritt e2) ein inertes Fluid, wie etwa Methanol, von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus in einen von dem zweiten oder dritten angefügten Kanal (3, 4) geschickt wird, was das Gel zur Trennung von der ersten Kammer (5a) zu dem ersten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) hin schiebt.
  21. Anlage zur Produktion von Fluid wie Rohöl, die zur Umsetzung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20 verwendet werden kann, umfassend zumindest:
    - ein Schiff oder einen schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche, das/der mindestens zwei Reservoirs (11, 12), vorzugsweise mindestens drei Reservoirs (11, 12, 13) umfasst, und
    - einen unterseeischen Produktionskanal zur Verbindung vom Grund zur Oberfläche (1), umfassend einen ersten Kanalteil (1-1), der am Meeresgrund (16) ruht, von einem Bohrlochkopf (17) bis zu dem unteren Ende (1-2a) eines zweiten Kanalteils (1-2), der sich bis zu dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche erhebt,
    - einen ersten angefügten Kanal (2) zum Transport von Gas, der sich zumindest von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus bis zu dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) erstreckt, und
    - mehrere Ventile, die zumindest umfassen:
    - ein Ventil (V6), das dazu geeignet ist, den ersten angefügten Kanal (2) zum Transport von Gas und das untere Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1- 2) voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, und
    - ein Ventil (V3), das dazu geeignet ist, den ersten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) und den zweiten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-2) Stoß an Stoß voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, und
    - ein Ventil (V5), das dazu geeignet ist, das proximale Ende des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1) und das untere Ende eines unteren Teils (2-2) des ersten angefügten Kanals (2), der über ein Ventil zur Isolierung oder Kommunikation (V19) mit einem oberen Teil (2-1) des ersten angefügten Kanals (2) verbunden ist, voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, wobei der obere Teil (2-1) des ersten angefügten Kanals (2) mit dem Ventil (V6) verbunden ist, das dazu geeignet ist, den ersten angefügten Kanal (2) und das untere Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-2) voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner umfasst:
    - einen zweiten angefügten Kanal (3), der sich zumindest von einem ersten Reservoir (11, 12), das ein inertes Ersatzfluid oder ein erstes Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung enthält, auf dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus bis zu einem ersten statischen Mischer (6a) erstreckt, wobei sich der erste statische Mischer am Meeresgrund befindet, wobei der zweite angefügte Kanal dazu geeignet ist, das inerte Ersatzfluid oder ein erstes Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung in den ersten statischen Mischer (6a) zu überführen, und
    - einen dritten angefügten Kanal (4), der sich zumindest von einem zweiten Reservoir (13), das ein zweites Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung enthält, auf dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus bis zu dem ersten statischen Mischer (6a) erstreckt, wobei der dritte angefügte Kanal dazu geeignet ist, das zweite Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung in den ersten statischen Mischer zu überführen, und
    - eine erste Kammer (5a) zur Bildung des Gels zur Trennung, die vorzugsweise aus einem Kanal-Teilstück gebildet wird, das sich am Meeresgrund befindet, an dessen einem Ende der erste statische Mischer mündet, wobei die erste Kammer an ihrem anderen Ende in der Nähe des Endes des ersten Kanalteils (1-1) mündet, das dem Bohrlochkopf, der am Meeresgrund ruht, am nächsten liegt.
  22. Anlage zur Produktion von Fluid wie Rohöl, die zur Umsetzung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20 verwendet werden kann, umfassend zumindest:
    - ein Schiff oder einen schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche, das/der mindestens zwei Reservoirs (11, 12), vorzugsweise mindestens drei Reservoirs (11, 12, 13) umfasst, und
    - einen unterseeischen Produktionskanal zur Verbindung vom Grund zur Oberfläche (1), umfassend einen ersten Kanalteil (1-1), der am Meeresgrund (16) ruht, von einem Bohrlochkopf (17) bis zu einem unteren Ende (1-2a) eines zweiten Kanalteils (1-2), der sich bis zu dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche erhebt,
    - einen ersten angefügten Kanal (2) zum Transport von Gas, der sich zumindest von dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus bis zu dem unteren Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2) erstreckt, und
    - mehrere Ventile, die zumindest umfassen:
    - ein Ventil (V6), das dazu geeignet ist, den ersten angefügten Kanal (2) zum Transport von Gas und das untere Ende (1-2a) des zweiten Teils des Produktionskanals (1- 2) voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, und
    - ein Ventil (V3), das dazu geeignet ist, den ersten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-1) und den zweiten Teil des Produktionskanals (1-2) Stoß an Stoß voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, und
    - ein Ventil (V5), das dazu geeignet ist, das proximale Ende des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1) und das untere Ende eines vierten angefügten Kanals (7), der direkt zur Oberfläche aufsteigt, voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, wobei sich das proximale Ende nahe dem Ventil (V3) befindet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner umfasst:
    - einen zweiten angefügten Kanal (3), der sich zumindest von einem ersten Reservoir (11, 12), das ein inertes Ersatzfluid oder ein erstes Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung enthält, auf dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus bis zu einem ersten statischen Mischer (6a) erstreckt, wobei sich der erste statische Mischer am Meeresgrund befindet, wobei der zweite angefügte Kanal dazu geeignet ist, das inerte Ersatzfluid oder ein erstes Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung in den ersten statischen Mischer (6a) zu überführen, und
    - einen dritten angefügten Kanal (4), der sich zumindest von einem zweiten Reservoir (13), das ein zweites Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung enthält, auf dem Schiff oder schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche aus bis zu dem ersten statischen Mischer (6a) erstreckt, wobei der dritte angefügte Kanal dazu geeignet ist, das zweite Reagens für ein Gel zur Trennung in den ersten statischen Mischer zu überführen, und
    - eine erste Kammer (5a) zur Bildung des Gels zur Trennung, die vorzugsweise aus einem Kanal-Teilstück gebildet wird, das sich am Meeresgrund befindet, an dessen einem Ende der erste statische Mischer mündet, wobei die erste Kammer an ihrem anderen Ende in der Nähe des Endes des ersten Kanalteils (1-1) mündet, das dem Bohrlochkopf, der am Meeresgrund ruht, am nächsten liegt.
  23. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 21 oder 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mehrere Ventile umfasst, die zumindest umfassen:
    - ein Ventil (V4), das dazu geeignet ist, die erste Kammer (5a) und das Ende des ersten Teils des Produktionskanals (1-1), das dem Bohrlochkopf am nächsten liegt, voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen, und
    - Ventile (V8, V11), die dazu geeignet sind, den zweiten und dritten angefügten Kanal (3, 4) jeweils von dem ersten Mischer (6a) zu isolieren oder damit kommunizieren zu lassen,
    - vorzugsweise ein Ventil (V9), das dazu geeignet ist, den zweiten und dritten angefügten Kanal (3, 4) unmittelbar vor dem ersten Mischer voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen.
  24. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 21, 22 oder 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Ventil (V10) umfasst, das dazu geeignet ist, den zweiten angefügten Kanal (3) und das untere Ende des zweiten Kanalteils (1-2a) voneinander zu isolieren oder miteinander kommunizieren zu lassen.
EP18164457.6A 2017-04-18 2018-03-28 Sicherungsverfahren einer unterwasserleitung zur verbindung von meeeresboden und oberfläche beim abschalten der produktion Active EP3392452B1 (de)

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US20210164312A1 (en) 2021-06-03
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FR3065251A1 (fr) 2018-10-19
US20180298712A1 (en) 2018-10-18
BR102018007690A2 (pt) 2018-11-06
FR3065251B1 (fr) 2019-06-28

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