EP3389898A1

EP3389898A1 - Device for an apparatus for additive production of a component

Info

Publication number: EP3389898A1
Application number: EP17705322.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Ott
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2016-02-08
Filing date: 2017-02-07
Publication date: 2018-10-24
Also published as: WO2017137376A1; US20190030603A1; JP2019506533A; DE102016201836A1; CN108602125A

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100) for an apparatus (200) for additive production of a component (10) from a powder bed comprising a wall (30) for retaining a starting material (1) for the additive production of the component (10), wherein the wall (30) is designed to be heat-resistant at a temperature of at least 600 °C. The invention further relates to a method for additive production of the component (10) in the apparatus (200) comprising the preheating of the starting material (1) for the component (10) to a temperature of at least 600 °C.

Description

description

Device for a plant for the additive production of a component

The present invention relates to a device for a plant for the additive production of a component, as well as a corresponding system. Furthermore, a method for operating the plant is the subject of the present invention, as well as a manufactured according to the method component.

The component was preferably an additive or generatively manufactured or constructed component. In particular ^¬ sondere may be a workpiece or a component of a turbine such as a steam, preferably a Gasturbi ^¬ ne, act.

Known layered or additive manufacturing processes are in particular selective laser melting (SLM: English for "selective laser melting"), selective laser sintering (SLS: English for "selective laser sintering") and electron beam melting (EBM: English for "electron beam melting"). These methods are used, in particular, in the production of three-dimensional objects by iterative layering or layering of layers, layer or volume elements, for example from a powder bed on a building platform Typical layer thicknesses of the individual layers are between 20 and 60 ym A selective laser melting Process is known for example from EP 1 355 760 Bl.

Such a method as well as the Elektronenstrahlschmel ^¬ zen are particularly suited to process or build refractory materials factory. There is the

Difficulty to build the corresponding components with a suitably ^¬ small amount of residual stresses. Internal stresses in the component can be achieved, for example, by preheating of, in particular pulverulent, starting material for the component, for example, be reduced to a temperature of at least 500 ° C. Conveniently, the preheating ^¬ or preheating temperature must, therefore the temperature at which the construction part before and / or is heated or maintained during the additive structure below the melting point of the starting material.

The electron beam melting process is also known in the art. This is a generative process in which successively applied powder layers, and selectively using an electron beam umgeschmol ^¬ zen. For this purpose, electrons are accelerated by applying a voltage in the range of 150 kV to about 60% of the speed of light, which lead to the local remelting of the corresponding powder particles when hitting the powder layer. In order to prevent that the powder particles of the powder layer on impact of the electrons are not even removed from the powder bed, at least the umzuschmelzen- the portions of each powder layer applied can be presintered before the Umschmel ^¬ zen.

A ^¬ least to crack or low-stress producing components from a γ 'hardened nickel-based superalloy has already been demonstrated any case, by the SLM-method. However, this very hot-crack susceptible material had to be preheated by the construction platform to a temperature of at least 500 ° C in order to keep residual stresses of the component at an acceptable level (see above). Compared to the component being manufactured, this is

Powder bed a bad heat conductor. The heating of the powder over the build platform is therefore becoming increasingly difficult with the progress of manufacture of the component, since the powder particle ^¬ the respective new locations of the powder bed are farther and farther away from the building board. Thus, the (ho ^¬ nous) tempering or preheating the component problema ^¬ table. Another difficulty is the thermal loading of a wall or enclosure for the powder Bed or for the arranged under the powder bed Bauplatt ^¬ form.

Commercially available SLM systems offer, for example, the option of heating the build platform via resistance heating. However, such systems only allow temperatures of the powder bed up to about 500 ° C for higher temperatures of the starting material must be resorted to other heat sources ^¬ back.

According to DE 10 2012 206 122 AI is proposed that a preheating can also be achieved by means of an induction coil, so that the component is heated inductively. However, the Einbrin ^¬ supply heat by induction depends on the geometry of the component. Uniform heating of the building ^¬ partly thus be Errei ^¬ chen only comparatively simple component geometries and compact design of the component. With more complex geometries, the formation of the eddy currents in the component being formed is disturbed, which leads to heterogeneous heating of the component. In addition, the cooling rate in the component is decisive if certain structural states are to be achieved. In ^¬ game as it is temperature strength important in turbine components made from nickel- or ko ^¬ baltbasierten superalloys for the formation of high, that a high proportion of ^γ λ -

Excretions in the structure is present. However, these develop only when the component is cooled below the Y ^x solidus temperature of about 1150 ° C slower than about 1 ° C / s. In the manufacture of components made of a nickel- sis superalloy, it is therefore desirable to limit cooling of the component in the vicinity of the melting bath to a entspre ^¬-reaching temperature, or before or during the additive manufacturing the starting material to high temperature as possible to heat. This of course also the powder bed and / or the starting material surrounding plants ^¬ components have to be designed accordingly. This is in particular ^¬ sondere high demands on the materials used. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide means with which an additive manufacturing process for manufactured from superalloys components improves who can ^¬. In particular, an improved heating of a starting material for an additive to be produced component, in particular before or during the additive production can be achieved, so that the structural properties of the finished component, in particular with respect to the γ ^X excretions are improved in the material of the component.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent Pa ^¬ tentansprüche. Advantageous embodiments are subject of the dependent claims ^¬ Ge. One aspect of the present invention relates to a device for a plant for additively manufacturing a component from a powder bed comprising a wall for holding or withholding of a particular powdered starting materials ^¬ rials for additive production of the component, that is, before or during the additive preparation.

The powder bed is preferably formed from the said Ausgangsma ^¬ TERIAL. In one embodiment, the device represents the wall.

The term "hold" or "retain" is to be understood as meaning that the wall for the additive preparation is preferably in direct contact with the starting material. Accordingly spreader ^¬ accordingly the wall is for example at an appropriate preheating of the feedstock and / or during the additi ^¬ ven production inevitably heated ER on the starting material or the powder bed to the presently mentioned temperatures.

The wall can be a wall structure, a

Housing or housing act. The wall serves preferably a delineation of the powder bed, for example, in a corresponding system for the additive production of the component. Preferably, the wall bounds the Ausgangsmate ^¬ material of the powder bed directly or directly.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a system comprising the device, wherein the system is ausgebil ^¬ det, additively build or manufacture a component of the type described from a superalloy, for example, a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy.

In one embodiment, the wall is designed to be heat-resistant at a temperature, for example a preheating temperature, of or for the starting material of at least 500 ° C. and / or to withstand the said temperature.

In one embodiment, the wall is designed to be heat-resistant at a temperature, for example a preheating temperature, of at least 600 ° C. or to withstand said temperature.

In one embodiment, the wall is designed to be heat-resistant at a temperature, for example a preheating temperature, of at least 700 ° C. or to withstand said temperature.

In one embodiment, the wall is designed to be heat-resistant at a temperature, for example a preheating temperature, of at least 800 ° C. or to withstand said temperature.

In one embodiment, the wall is designed to be heat-resistant at a temperature, for example a preheating temperature, of at least 900 ° C. or to withstand said temperature.

In one embodiment, the wall is formed, at a temperature, for example, a preheating temperature, of min. least 1000 ° C to be heat resistant and said tempera ture ^¬ to withstand.

In one embodiment, the wall is formed to be heat-resistant at a temperature, for example a preheating temperature, of at least 1100 ° C., preferably 1200 ° C. or more, or to withstand said temperature.

In one embodiment, the wall is formed, as a starting material, a material for the additive production of the component from a precipitation-hardened or

precipitate-hardenable superalloy. The said precipitation hardening preferably relates to a γ or γ 'hardening or the corresponding precipitates in the finished manufactured component.

The wall has a base material.

In one embodiment, the wall has a heat-resistant, preferably highly heat-resistant base material. In the Grundma ^¬ TERIAL may be for example, a highly heat-resistant steel and / or a superalloy, for example a Ni or ckel- act cobalt-based superalloy. By this arrangement, the wall which expediently for additive manufacturing in direct contact with the off ^¬ starting material is, those can withstand temperatures to which the starting material is advantageously used for the addi ^¬ tive preparation or an upstream pre-heating is heated.

In one embodiment, the wall at an inner side of the base material, an oxidation protection layer, ^¬ example, a Allitierung or diffusion coating on. The inner surface preferably denotes a side of the base ^¬ materials, which is the starting material or the powder bed, in particular, directly facing, or is in (direct) contact with it. Due to this configuration, an oxide tion or temperature-induced deterioration of the material structure of the base material are advantageously prevented. Accordingly denotes an outer side of the base material, preferably a side of the base material, consisting ^¬ starting material or the powder bed (for Her ^¬ position) facing away from the, and preferably is not in contact with the starting material.

The base material has a thermal insulation ^¬ layer on the inside.

In one embodiment, the oxidation protection layer is arranged between the thermal barrier coating and the base material. In this manner, the base material can be particularly advantageously protected from the temperatures to which the off ^¬ starting material must be heated for the production of the component.

In one embodiment, the base material has a cooling structure on an outer side. As a result of this embodiment, the base material, whether it is already protected on its inside by a heat-insulating and / or oxidation-protection layer or not, can be suitably cooled from the outside.

In one embodiment, the cooling structure is formed, for cooling the wall and / or the base material of the same, by a cooling fluid, such as air, water or nitrogen, to be flown through or. This embodiment allows a particularly convenient cooling.

In one embodiment, the wall forms a vertical boundary or enclosure for the starting material. The vertical boundary may be a plant wall for an additive manufacturing plant. Furthermore, the wall according to this embodiment can define a production space for the component. In one embodiment, the wall forms at least a part of a construction platform for the additive production of the component. By this configuration, a component platform can be provided particularly expedient which offers the advantages he ^¬ inventive.

In one embodiment, the device comprises a heat source, which is designed to heat the starting material for the additive production of the component to a temperature of at least 500 °.

In one embodiment the heat source comprises an infrared ^¬ lamp, a laser, in particular one or more infrared laser, and / or an inductive heating system. These are particularly expedient embodiments in order to heat the starting material to suitably high temperatures, in particular to temperatures of at least 500 ° C., before or during the additive production of the component.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for operating the system comprising preheating the starting material for the (additively manufactured) component to a temperature of at least 500 ° C.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a component made of a superalloy or those comprising wel ^¬ ches prepared by the process described and or can be produced.

The method described and / or the component described also solve the inventive tasks, as described above. Embodiments, features and / or advantages of the products contained ^¬ refer quietly on the device and / or the system, may also relate to the method and / or the component, and vice versa. Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. Figure 1 shows parts of a schematic cut or sides ^¬ view of a device for a plant for producing a component additi ^¬ ven.

Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional or side view of the system comprising the device.

Figure 1 shows a device 100. The device 100 is preferably a device for a system 200 for additi ^¬ ven producing a component 10 (see Figure 2), in particular of a powder bed.

The component 10 is preferably made of a superalloy, for example one, in particular precipitation- or γ-hardened, nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy. Such a superalloy may be, for example, the material "IN 625" or "Hastelloy X".

The device 100 may be a powder limit or

Enclosure for a starting material 1 for the component 10 bil-.

The, preferably powdery, starting material 1 is just ^¬ if in Figure 1, which is to indicate a powder bed, which by the wall 30, preferably before or during operation of the device 100 - in an additive manufacturing of the component - limited or held becomes.

The device 100 comprises a wall 30 or a wall. The wall 30 is preferably heat-resistant, preferably highly heat-resistant and / or high-temperature resistant. The wall 30 is preferably designed to maintain a preheating and / or operating temperature of the starting material 1 of at least 500 ° or more. Preferably, the wall 30 is heat-resistant at a temperature of at least 600 °, in particular 700 ° C, more preferably 800 °, for example 1000 ° C or more.

The wall 30 may be formed, at even higher temperatures, for example a preheating and / or operating temperature of the starting material 1 of 1200 ° or more, at ^¬ play, 1500 ° C or even 2000 ° C or 3000 ° C to be heat resistant or to withstand these temperatures.

The wall 30 comprises a base material 31. On an inner side of the wall 31 (left side in FIG. On a side of the base material 31 facing the starting material 1, the base material 1 comprises an oxidation protection layer 33, in particular for protecting the base material 31

oxidative or other thermally induced harmful influences. The oxidation protection layer 33 may be a diffusion ^¬ protective layer or, for example, chromium or

MCrAlY alloy include.

The wall 30 further comprises - on the inside thereof - a thermal barrier coating 32. The thermal barrier coating 32 is preferably - for the additive production of the component 10 - directly in contact with the starting material 1 or be ^¬ limits this. The oxidation protection layer 33 is zweckmäßi ^¬ gerweise between the base material 31 and the thermal insulation layer 32 is disposed. By this arrangement, the base ^¬ material 31 of the wall 30 can be protected appropriately against high ther ^¬ mix charges arising from additive production. The wall 30 also has a cooling structure 34. The cooling structure is at a the starting material beziehungswei ^¬ se facing away from the powder bed side of the base material 31 at ^¬ sorted (right side in Figure 1). The cooling structure 34 is provided to cool the base material 31 and / or the wall 30 from the outside. For this, the cooling structure 34 may be provided with only a cooling surface or a structured surface in order to allow a cooling effect or an improved compared to a flat surface heat exchange. Alternatively or additionally, the cooling structure 34 may comprise cooling channels 36, which may be closed or open, in order to flow through the cooling structure 34 through a cooling fluid and to actively cool it. The cooling fluid may include, for example, air, water, nitrogen, or another fluid. The cooling structure 34 to achieve a cooling effect, a lattice structure (not explicitly Darge ^¬ asserted). The apparatus 100 further comprises a heat source 20 which is preferably configured to heat the starting material 1 held by the wall 30 to a temperature of Minim ^¬ least 500 ° C. The warming can be both a

Preheating as well as a process heating, during the additive production, his. Conveniently, is or comprises the heat source 20 is an infrared lamp, a laser, as in ^¬ game as an infrared laser or a multiple laser arrangement and / or an inductive heating system. Resistance heaters are not suitable for heating the entire powder space to the stated temperatures.

In the context of the present invention, it is provided to heat the component 10 to be produced additively before the additive production thereof and / or meanwhile to a temperature of at least 500 ° in order to utilize the inventive advantages.

Figure 2 shows schematically a sectional or side view of a system 200 for the additive production of the component 10. The system 200 is preferably designed to construct the component 10 additively out of a powder bed or produce. The plant is preferably a plant for powder bed-based, additive production of the component 10, in particular for selective laser melting, for selective laser sintering or electron beam melting.

The system 200 comprises the apparatus 100 described above It can be seen in particular in Figure 2, that the Vorrich ^¬ tung 100 a plurality of transformations 30 comprises (as described above). In the figure, two verti- cal changes are exemplary 30 (side walls) showed that the starting material from ^¬ 1 and confine the powder bed side, to keep the starting material 1 or to include. Furthermore, it can be seen that a building platform 35 is formed by a wall 30, as described above. The embodiment shown has the advantage that the starting material 1, which for additive manufacturing the construction ^¬ is heated to particularly high temperatures member 10 preferably is held at each ^¬ the side, by a wall 30 which is suitably temperature resistant.

The device 100 may be a container for the starting material 1. The device 100 is preferably in direct contact with the raw material 1. The system 200 further comprises one or more further At ^¬ layer parts, such as a coating device or a solidification device; these are merely indicated by the reference numeral 40. The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these, but includes each new feature and any combination of features. This includes, in particular, any combination of features in the patent claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.

Claims

claims

Device (100) for a system (200) for the additive production of a component (10) from a powder bed comprising a wall (30) for holding a starting material (1) for the additive production of the component (10), wherein the Wall (30) has a base material (31) and, on an inner side of the base material (31), a thermal barrier coating (32) and wherein the wall (30) is adapted to be heat-resistant at a temperature of at least 600 ° C.

2. Device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the wall (30) is designed to hold as starting material (1) a material for the additive production of the component (10) from a precipitation-hardened or precipitation-hardenable superalloy.

3. Device (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wall comprises a heat-resistant base material (31), for example a high-temperature-resistant steel and / or a superalloy.

4. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall (30) comprises a base material (31) and, on an inner side of the base material (31), an oxidation tion protective layer (33).

5. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall (30) comprises a base material (31) and, on an outer side of the base material (31), a cooling ^¬ structure (34).

6. Device (100) according to claim 5, wherein the cooling structure (34) is designed to cool the wall (30) for the additive production of a cooling fluid, for example air, water or nitrogen, through or flowed to the ^¬ .

7. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall (30) forms a vertical boundary for the starting material (1).

8. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall (30) forms at least part of a construction ^¬ platform (35) for the additive production of the component (10).

9. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a heat source (20), which is designed to heat the starting material (1) for the additive production of the component (10) to a temperature of at least 600 ° C.

10. Apparatus (100) according to claim 9, wherein the heat source (20) comprises an infrared lamp, a laser and / or an inductive heating system.

11. Plant (200) comprising the device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, which is designed, components ^¬ le (10) of a superalloy, for example, a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy, additively produce.

12. A method for operating a system (200) according to claim

11, comprising preheating a starting material (1) for the component (10) to a temperature of at least 600 ° C.

13. component (10) made of a superalloy, which with the

Process according to claim 12 produced and / or produced.