EP3383977A1 - Process for enhancing gasoline octane boosters, gasoline boosters, and gasolines - Google Patents
Process for enhancing gasoline octane boosters, gasoline boosters, and gasolinesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3383977A1 EP3383977A1 EP16822273.5A EP16822273A EP3383977A1 EP 3383977 A1 EP3383977 A1 EP 3383977A1 EP 16822273 A EP16822273 A EP 16822273A EP 3383977 A1 EP3383977 A1 EP 3383977A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- alkyl
- gasoline
- ether
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/003—Marking, e.g. coloration by addition of pigments
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
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- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/305—Octane number, e.g. motor octane number [MON], research octane number [RON]
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- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
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- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
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- C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
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- C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters
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- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
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Definitions
- This disclosure is directed to a process for improving octane boosters for gasoline, the improved boosters, and gasolines containing the boosters.
- Commercial gasoline which is fuel for internal combustion engines, is a refined petroleum product that is typically a mixture of hydrocarbons (base gasoline), additives, and blending agents.
- Additives and blending agents are added to the base gasoline to enhance the perfonnance and the stability of gasoline, and can include anti-knock agents, anti-oxidants, metal deactivators, lead scavengers, anti-rust agents, anti-icing agents, upper- cylinder lubricants, detergents, and dyes.
- Knocking occurs when combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder does not start off correctly in response to ignition because one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture pre-ignite outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.
- Anti- knocking agents also known as octane boosters, reduce the engine knocking phenomenon, and increase the octane rating of the gasoline.
- Prior octane boosters such as tetraethyl lead and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) have been or are being phased out for environmental, health, or other reasons.
- Preferred compounds in present use for formulating octane boosters include G* oxygenate compounds such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and n-butanol and its isomers.
- G* oxygenate compounds such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and n-butanol and its isomers.
- octane boosting, gasoline additive composition comprising an oxygenate and an optical brightener.
- a method for the manufacture of the octane boosting, gasoline additive composition comprises combining the oxygenate and the optical brightener.
- gasoline blend comprising a base gasoline and the octane boosting, gasoline additive composition described above.
- Described herein is a process and composition for improving the quality and octane boosting properties of octane boosting compositions. It has been found by the inventors that the quality of any oxygenate can be significantly improved by treatment with an optical brightener. Oxygenates treated with an optical brightener can have improved physical and chemical properties such as color, odor, volatility, density, and chemical composition. The octane boosting compositions can then be blended with gasoline.
- gasoline oxygenates refer to a class of gasoline additives that contain one or more oxygen atoms and are designed to improve the octane rating of gasoline increasing the oxygen content of the gasoline.
- oxygenates are either alcohols or ethers, for example methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), n-propyl alcohol (NPrOH), isobutanol (IBA), n-butanol (BuOH), sec-butyl alcohol (SB A), tert-butyl alcohol (TB A) or gasoline grade tert-butyl alcohol (GTBA), tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) or tert-pentanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), tert- hexyl methyl ether (THEME), and diisopropyl ether (D1PE).
- MeOH methanol
- EtOH ethanol
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- oxygenates can be produced by any known and acceptable chemical and biological reactions that are known in the ait, for example, chemical reaction between isobutylene and methanol or ethanol to produce MTBE or ETBE respectively, microbial fermentation of sugars to produce bio- ethanol, and the like. Production processes can further include purification, distillation, or dehydration steps to increase purity and to remove water. In an embodiment, as further described below, the oxygenate, in particular MTBE or ETBE, is produced without a distillation step to purify the MTBE or ETBE.
- Optical brighteners are known in the art, being previously used in various polymers, paper, textiles, textile treatment compositions, detergents, rinses, and the like.
- An optical brightener may be defined as a chemical that absorbs light and then emits light in a visible region.
- Optical brighteners can be nonionic or anionic. A large number of brighteners are known and can be used. Examples of such brighteners are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3201481, 3646015, 4400294, 4483780, 4790856, 6120714, and 8740997.
- Types of optical brighteners that can be used include, without limitation, azole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives such as bis-benzoxazolylstyrenes, biphenyl derivatives, certain carboxylic acid derivatives, coumarin derivatives, dibenzotbiophene-5,5-dioxide derivatives, diphenyl styryl derivatives, methinecyanine derivatives, oxazole derivatives, phenyloxazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, and stilbene derivatives. Examples of these types of brighteners are disclosed in "The Production and Application of Fluorescent Brightening Agents", M.
- Azoles which are derivatives of 5-membered ring heterocycles, can be further subcategorized into monoazoles and bisazoles.
- biphenyl derivatives include 4,4'-bis-(styryl)-bisphenyls such as l,l'-biphenyl-4,4'-bis ⁇ 2-(methoxyphenyl)ethenyl ⁇ (CAS #40470-68-6), 1,1'- biphenyl-4,4'-bis[2-(methoxyphenyl)ethenyl], benzene-4,4'-bis(2-(cyano-phenyl)ethenyl), and l,l'-biphenyl-4,4'-bis[2-(sodium sulfonate phenyl)ethenyl].
- 4,4'-bis-(styryl)-bisphenyls such as l,l'-biphenyl-4,4'-bis ⁇ 2-(methoxyphenyl)ethenyl ⁇ (CAS #40470-68-6), 1,1'- biphenyl-4,4'-bis[2-(methoxyphenyl)
- Carboxylic acid derivatives that can be used include fumaric acid derivatives; benzoic acid derivatives; p-phenylene-bis-acrylic acid derivatives; naphthalenedicarboxylic acid derivatives; heterocyclic acid derivatives; and cinnamic acid derivatives. Cinnamic acid derivatives that can be used can be further subclassif ied into groups which include styryltriazoles and styrylpolyphenyls,. Styrylazoles can be further subclassified into styrylbenzoxazoles, styiylimidazoles, and styrylthiazoles.
- Cinnamic acid derivatives also include 2-styryl- benzimidazole derivatives, styrylbenzofuran derivatives, styryloxadiazole derivatives, and styrylpolyphenyl derivatives.
- Coumarin derivatives that can be used include derivatives substituted in the 3- position, in the 7-position such as 4-methyl-7-diethyl-amino coumarin, and in both the 3- and 7-positions.
- Derivatives of dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide include 3,7- diaminodibenzotbiophene-2,8-disulfonic acid 5,5 dioxide.
- diphenyl styryl derivatives include alkali metal salts of 4,4'-bis- (2-sulfostyryl)-diphenyl, 4,4'-bis-(4-chloro-2-sulfostyryl)-diphenyl or 4-(4-chlorostyryl)-4'- (2-sulfostyryl)-diphenyl,
- metmnecyanine derivatives examples include
- oxazole derivatives include 2,2'-(l,2-ethenediyl-di-4,l- phenylene) bisbenzoazole (CAS # 1533-45-5), 2,2'-(2,5-miophenydiyl)-bis[5-(1,1'-dimethyl) benzoxazole (CAS # 7128-64-5), 2,5-bis-(benzoxazole-2-) thiophene (CAS # 2866-43-5), and
- Stilbene derivatives that can be used include derivatives of
- bis(triazmyl)amino-stilbene bisacylamino derivatives of stilbene; triazole derivatives of stilbene such as 4,4'-bis(l,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-stilbenes and 2-(stilbene-4-yl)2H-naphth-[l,2- d]triazole; oxadiazole derivatives of stilbene; oxazole derivatives of stilbene; and styryl derivatives of stilbene.
- diaminostilbene disulfonic acid and alkali metal salts thereof for example, derivatives of 4,4'-cUamino-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (flavonic acid), such the salts of 4,4'-bis-(2-anilmo-4-mo ⁇ holmo-l,3,5-triazmyl-6-amino)- stillbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of similar structure which, instead of the morpholino group, contain a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group, or a 2-methoxyethylamino group.
- An additional class of brighteners that can be used are the derivatives of 6- membered-ring hetero-cycles, for example brighteners derived from pyrazine and brighteners derived from 4-aminonaphthalamide.
- Miscellaneous agents that can also be useful as brighteners include l-hydroxy-3,6,8-pyrenemsulfonic acid; 2,4-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazin-6-yl- pyrene; 4,5-di-phenylimidazolonedisulfonic acid; derivatives of pyrazoline-quinoline; the 2- (4-styryl-phenyl)-2H-naphthol-[l,2-d]triazoles; methyl umbelliferone; dihydroquinolinone,
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R a and R b are each independently a C 1-60 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing 1 to 20 heteroatoms, a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl giOup, or a sulfonic acid group, and preferably wherein R a and R b are each independently a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, or a sulfonic acid group.
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, a C 1-5 alkoxy group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, or a phosphonic acid group.
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R 1 is carbonyl or sulfonyl
- R3 is hydroxyl,— 0 " M + wherein M + is a positively charged counterion, or a C 6-200 substituent further containing at least one primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amino group, ether group, ketone group, and at least one hydroxyl, primary or secondary amino group, quaternized (C 1-10 alkyl) ammonium group, tri(C 1 - 10 )alkoxysilyl group, or carboxy (C 1-10 alkyl), or ether;
- R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, (C 1-10 alkoxy)amino, (C 1-10 alkyOamino, (C 6-12 aryl)amino, hydroxy(C 1-10 alkyl)amino, morpholino, aniline, (C 1-10 alkyl)anilino, (C 1-10 alkylene)sulfonic acid, piperazinyl, pipe
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R 1 is carbonyl or sulfonyl
- R3 is hydroxyl,— 0 ⁇ M + wherein M + is a positively charged counterion, or a C 6-200 substituent further containing at least one primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amino group, ether group, ketone group, and at least one hydroxyl, primary or secondary amino group, quaternized (C 1-10 alkyl)ammonium group, tri(C 1 - !o)alkoxysilyl group, carboxy(C 1-10 alkyl), or ether
- R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, (C 1-10 alkoxy)amino, (C 1-10 alkytyamino, (C 6-12 aryl)amino, hydroxyiC 1-10 alkyl)amino, morpholino, aniline, (C 1-10 alkyl)anilino, (C 1-10 alkylene)sulfonie acid, piperaziny
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R a and R b are each independently a C 1-60 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing up 1 to 20 heteroatoms, a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, or a sulfonic acid group, and M is H, an alkali metal, ammonium, or magnesium; preferably wherein R a and R b are each independently a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, a C1-5 alkoxy group, or a sulfonic acid group.
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- X is manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc, or lead.
- the octane boosting, gasoline additive composition comprises 0.01 to 5.0 wt. % of the optical brightener and 95 to 99.99 wt. % of a gasoline oxygenate comprising methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), n-propyl alcohol (NPrOH), isobutanol (IBA), n-butanol (BuOH), sec-butyl alcohol (SBA), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) or gasoline grade tert butyl alcohol (GTBA), tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) or tert pentanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), tert-hexyl methyl ether (THEME)
- the optical brightener can be present in an amount of 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, or 0.01 to 3 wt%, or 1 to 5 wt%, and the oxygenate can be present in an amount of 97.5 to 99.9 wt%, or 95 to 99.9 wt.%, based on the total weight of the optical brightener and the oxygenate.
- gasoline additive compounds can be present in the compositions in amounts known in the art.
- a process for preparing an octane boosting, gasoline additive composition comprises combining an optical brightener with the oxygenate.
- addition of an optical brightener can improve the quality of the oxygenate sufficiently so that distillation to purify the oxygenate can be eliminated, resulting in a time and cost saving.
- Addition of an optical brightener can provide a gasoline additive composition having improved color.
- Saybolt color scale is used for grading light colored petroleum products including aviation fuels, kerosene, naphthas, white mineral oils, hydrocarbon solvents, and the like.
- ASTM D156 describes a standard test method for Saybolt color of petroleum products. A Saybolt number of +30 indicates that the product has no color or is completely clear, while the strongest evaluable Saybolt coloration value (the darkest) is -16.
- the untreated composition comprising the oxygenate can have a dark to light brown color with a Saybolt value of +4 to +10.
- Addition of an optical brightener can provide the oxygenate with a Saybolt number of +12, +15, +20, or +25.
- untreated composition comprising the oxygenate can have an improvement in Saybolt number of at least 1 unit, for example 1 to 40 units, at least 5 units, for example 5 to 35 units, or 5 to 30 units, or 5 to 20 units compared to the original Saybolt number of the untreated composition comprising the oxygenate.
- the chemical composition of the untreated composition comprising the oxygenate can be altered, leading to an overall increase of the oxygen content of the additive composition and improvement in other physical properties.
- addition of an optical brightener can result in an increase in at least one of blending octane value (i.e., RON or MON), lightening of liquid color (e.g., to less brown or yellow to nearly colorless), decrease in odor, or decrease in density.
- Blending octane value can be used to characterize the octane value of octane boosting gasoline additives oxygenates.
- the BOV is calculated from the difference between the octane value of a base gasoline with a known amount of the gasoline additive (i.e., the gasoline blend) and the base gasoline without the gasoline additive.
- the formula for BOV calculation is given below:
- MON motor octane number
- the untreated composition comprising the oxygenate can have an improvement in blending research octane value (BOV based on RON).
- the improvement in blending research octane value can be 0.5 to 10%, or 1 to 8%, over the original value.
- improvement in blending motor octane value (BOV based on MON) can be 0.5 to 10%, or 1 to 8%, over the original value of before addition of optical brightener.
- the gasoline octane boosting composition can have a blending research octane value of 89 to 122 and a blending motor octane value of 82 to 95.
- the gasoline octane boosting composition is blended with a gasoline to provide a gasoline blend.
- the gasoline blend can comprise 80 to 90 vol. % of a base gasoline and 15 to 20 vol. % of the gasoline octane boosting composition. Within these ranges the gasoline blend can comprise 10 to 20 vol. %, or 15 to 20 vol. %, or 10 to 15 vol. %, of the gasoline octane boosting composition with the balance of the gasoline blend being the base gasoline.
- the gasoline blend can have a RON of 1 to 10 or more units higher than the base gasoline. Within this range the RON is 1 to 2 units higher, or 1 to 3 units higher.
- the gasoline blend can have an MON of 1 to 10 units higher than the base gasoline. Within this range the MON is 1 to 2 units higher, or 1 to 3 units higher.
- RVP Reid vapor pressure
- Embodiment 1 An octane boosting, gasoline additive composition, comprising: an oxygenate gasoline additive; and an optical brightener.
- Embodiment 2 The gasoline additive composition of Embodiment 1, wherein the oxygenate comprises methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isobutanol, n-butanol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, gasoline grade ten butyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, tert-amyl ethyl ether, tert-hexyl methyl ether, diisopropyl ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, preferably wherein the oxygenate comprises methyl tert-butyl ether.
- Embodiment 3 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments, comprising 99.5 to 99.9 wt.%, or 97.5 to 99.9 wt.%, or 99.9 to 95 wt.% of the oxygenate, and 0.01 to 3 wt.%, or 0.1 to 2.5 wt %, or 1 to 5 wt %, of the optical brightener, each based on the combined amount of oxygenate and optical brightener.
- Embodiment 4 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the optical brightener is an azole derivative, benzoxazole derivative, biphenyl derivative, cinnamic acid derivative, fumaric acid derivative, coumarin derivative, dibenzotbiophene-5,5-dioxide derivative, diphenyl styryl derivative,
- the optical brightener is an azole derivative, benzoxazole derivative, biphenyl derivative, cinnamic acid derivative, fumaric acid derivative, coumarin derivative, dibenzotbiophene-5,5-dioxide derivative, diphenyl styryl derivative,
- methinecyanine derivative oxazole derivative, phenyloxazole derivative, pyrazoline derivative, stilbene derivative, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; preferably wherein the optical brightener is a cinnamic acid derivative, a diphenyl derivative, or a stilbene derivative.
- Embodiment 5 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R a and R b are each independently a C 1-60 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing up 1 to 20 heteroatoms, a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, or a sulfonic acid group, and preferably wherein R a and R b are each independently a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, or a sulfonic acid group.
- Embodiment 6 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, a C 1 -5 alkoxy group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, or a phosphonic acid group.
- Embodiment 7 The composition of any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R 1 is carbonyl or sulfonyl
- R 3 is hydroxyl,— 0 ⁇ M + wherein M + is a positively charged counterion, or a C 6-200 substituent further containing at least one primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amino group, ether group, ketone group, and at least one hydroxyl, primary or secondary amino group, quaternized (C 1-10 alkyl)ammonium group, tri(C 1 - io)alkoxysilyl group, or carboxy (C 1-10 alkyl), or ether; and R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, (C 1- ioalkoxy)amino, (C 1-10 alkytyamino, (C 6-12 aryl)amino, hydroxy(C 1-10 alkyl)amino, morpholino, aniline, (C 1-10 alkyl)anilino, (C 1-10 alkylene)sulfonic acid, piperazin
- Embodiment 8 The composition of any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R 1 is carbonyl or sulfonyl
- R 3 is hydroxyl,— 0-M + wherein M + is a positively charged counterion, or a C 6-200 substituent further containing at least one primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amino group, ether group, ketone group, and at least one hydroxyl, primary or secondary amino group, quaternized (C 1-10 alkyl)ammonium group, tri(C 1 - io)alkoxysilyl group, carboxy (C 1-10 alkyl), or ether
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, (C 1- ioalkoxy)amino, (C 1-10 alkytyamino, (Ce-12 aryl)amino, hydroxy(C 1-10 alkyl)amino, morpholino, aniline, (C 1-10 alkyl)anilino, (C 1-10 alkylene)sulfonic acid, piperazinyl,
- Embodiment 9 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- R a and R b are each independently a C 1-60 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing up 1 to 20 heteroatoms, a halide. a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, or a sulfonic acid group, and M is H, an alkali metal, ammonium, or magnesium; preferably wherein R a and R b are each independently a halide, a nitro group, a C 1-5 alkyl group, a C 1-5 alkoxy group, or a sulfonic acid group.
- Embodiment 10 The composition of any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- Embodiment 11 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the optical brightener comprises a compound of the formula
- X is manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc, or lead
- Embodiment 12 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments wherein the composition has an improvement in Saybolt number at least 1 unit, 1 to 40 units, or at least 5 units, or at 5 to 35 units, or 5 to 30 units, or 5 to 20 units compared to the original Saybolt number of the composition without the optical brighter.
- Embodiment 13 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments wherein the composition has a Saybolt number of +20 to +35, preferably +25 to +30.
- Embodiment 14 The gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments wherein the composition has an improvement in blending research octane value of 0.5 to 10%, or 1 to 8%, compared to composition without the optical brightener; or the composition has an improvement in blending motor octane value of 0.5 to 10%, or 1 to 8%, compared to composition without the optical brightener.
- Embodiment 15 The gasoline additive composition according to any one or more of the preceding Embodiments, wherein the composition, when added to a base gasoline up to a final volume percentage of 15 vol. %, changes the Reid vapor pressure of the base gasoline by 0 to ⁇ 0.2 psi.
- Embodiment 16 A process for preparing the octane boosting, gasoline additive composition of any one or more of the preceding Embodiments, the process comprising: combining the oxygenate and the optical brightener.
- Embodiment 17 The process of claim 16, further comprising manufacturing the oxygenate; and combining the oxygenate and the brightener without distilling the oxygenate to purify the oxygenate.
- EmbcKtiment 18 A gasoline blend comprising: 80 to 90 vol. %, preferably 80 to 85 vol. %, more preferably 85 to 90 vol. % of a fuel-grade base gasoline; and 10 to 20 vol. %, preferably 15 to 20 vol. %, or 10 to 15 vol.% of the gasoline additive composition according to any one or more of Embc»diments 1 to 15, or the gasoline additive composition made by the process of any one or more of Embodiments 16 to 17.
- compositions, methods, and articles can alternatively comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, any appropriate components or steps herein disclosed.
- the compositions, methods, and articles can additionally, or alternatively, be formulated so as to be devoid, or substantially free, of any steps, components, materials, ingredients, adjuvants, or species that are otherwise not necessary to the achievement of the function or objectives of the compositions, methods, and articles.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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US201562260786P | 2015-11-30 | 2015-11-30 | |
PCT/IB2016/057225 WO2017093913A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | Process for enhancing gasoline octane boosters, gasoline boosters, and gasolines |
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EP16822273.5A Withdrawn EP3383977A1 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | Process for enhancing gasoline octane boosters, gasoline boosters, and gasolines |
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US (1) | US20180320098A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3383977A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108291160A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017093913A1 (en) |
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EP3694928A1 (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2020-08-19 | Milliken & Company | Leuco compounds |
US20190292473A1 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-09-26 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Composition and method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in spark-ignited internal combustion engines |
EP3947607A1 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2022-02-09 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Lead-free gasoline blend |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3201481A (en) | 1964-04-15 | 1965-08-17 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Method of preparing 4-nitrostilbenes |
US3646015A (en) | 1969-07-31 | 1972-02-29 | Procter & Gamble | Optical brightener compounds and detergent and bleach compositions containing same |
US3692741A (en) * | 1970-07-15 | 1972-09-19 | Fmc Corp | Metal 2,5-dimethoxy cinnamic salts as catalysts-optical brighteners for polyester resins |
DE3008812A1 (en) | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-24 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | MIXTURES OF OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS |
US4483780A (en) | 1982-04-26 | 1984-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions containing polyglycoside and polyethoxylate detergent surfactants |
US4790856A (en) | 1984-10-17 | 1988-12-13 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Softening and anti-static nonionic detergent composition with sulfosuccinamate detergent |
US5266080A (en) * | 1989-10-11 | 1993-11-30 | The Standard Oil Company | Methanol fuel containing flame luminosity agent |
US5174927A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-12-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing brightener-containing liquid detergent compositions with polyhydroxy fatty acid amines |
GB2318757B (en) | 1996-11-01 | 2000-07-12 | Univ Brunel | Moulding process and article produced by the process |
US20050229479A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-10-20 | Fernandes Joseph B | Fuel compositions and methods thereof |
US20060223704A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Tiejun Zhang | Activated carbon for fuel purification |
US20090319195A1 (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-24 | Hoots John E | Method of monitoring and optimizing additive concentration in fuel ethanol |
EP2571973B1 (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2020-04-01 | Milliken & Company | Optical brighteners and compositions comprising the same |
WO2012036701A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Cleaning compositions and emulsions or microemulsions employing extended chain nonionic surfactants |
TWI571458B (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2017-02-21 | 陶氏全球科技責任有限公司 | Method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel |
-
2016
- 2016-11-30 EP EP16822273.5A patent/EP3383977A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-30 US US15/779,305 patent/US20180320098A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-30 CN CN201680069090.7A patent/CN108291160A/en active Pending
- 2016-11-30 WO PCT/IB2016/057225 patent/WO2017093913A1/en active Application Filing
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